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Cuencas Sedimentarias De Uruguay: Geología, Paleontología Y Recursos Naturales

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Cuencas Sedimentarias De Uruguay: Geología, Paleontología Y Recursos Naturales UNIVERSIDAD DE LA REPÚBLICA – FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS CUENCAS SEDIMENTARIAS DE URUGUAY Geología, paleontología y recursos naturales PALEOZOICO GERARDO VEROSLAVSKY – MARTÍN UBILLA SERGIO MARTÍNEZ EDITORES GLORIA DANERS JORGE MONTAÑO HÉCTOR DE SANTA ANA ETHEL MORALES VICENTE FULFARO ROSSANA MUZIO CÉSAR GOSO AGUILAR ELENA PEEL NORA LORENZO ANDRÉS PÉREZ HENRI MASQUELIN GRACIELA PIÑEIRO EDUARDO ROSSELLO DI.R.A.C. Montevideo – Uruguay 2006 Cuencas sedimentarias de Uruguay: Geología, paleontología y recursos naturales. Paleozoico / Gerardo Veroslavsky, Martín Ubilla, Sergio Martínez, editores.– Montevideo: DI.R.A.C., 2006. 326 pp. : il., cuadros, mapas y fotos. ISBN: 9974-0-0316-4 1. URUGUAY 2. GEOLOGÍA 3. PALEONTOLOGÍA 4. PALEOZOICO 5. GEOLOGÍA HISTÓRICA I. Veroslavsky, Gerardo, ed. II. Ubilla, Martín, ed. III. Martínez, Sergio, ed. 551.77(899) CDU Edición del texto y notas complementarias: Luis Elbert. Diseño de tapas, tratamiento de gráficos y puesta en página: Gabriel Santoro. Figura de tapa: adaptación del Geological Map of the World, 1849, de James Reynolds (ed.) incluido en el libro The image of the world de Peter Whitfield. Pomegranate Artbooks, San Francisco 1994. Figura de contratapa: fragmento del Mapa tectónico de América del Sur, Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW) 1978, UNESCO. Edición DI.R.A.C. (División Relaciones y Actividades Culturales de Facultad de Ciencias) Calle Iguá 4225 – Montevideo 11400 – Uruguay Tel. (+598) 25251711 – Fax (+598) 25258617 e-mail: [email protected] 2006 DIRAC – Facultad de Ciencias Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional ÍNDICE Prefacio 5 Autores 8 Capítulo I: El Paleozoico. 11 Gerardo Veroslavsky, Sergio Martínez y Martín Ubilla Capítulo II: El Escudo Uruguayo. 37 Henri Masquelin Capítulo III: El Devónico en Uruguay: estratigrafía, corre- 107 lación geológica y recursos minerales. Gerardo Veroslavsky, Vicente Fulfaro y Héctor de Santa Ana Capítulo IV: Fósiles del Devónico de Uruguay. 133 Sergio Martínez y Nora Lorenzo Capítulo V: Cuenca Norte: estratigrafía del Carbonífero– 147 Pérmico. Héctor de Santa Ana, César Goso y Gloria Daners Capítulo VI: Cuenca Norte: evolución tectónica y sedi- 209 mentaria del Carbonífero–Pérmico. Héctor de Santa Ana, Gerardo Veroslavsky, Vicente Fulfaro y Eduardo Rossello. Capítulo VII: Nuevos aportes a la paleontología del Pér- 257 mico de Uruguay. Graciela Piñeiro Capítulo VIII: Hidrogeología del Paleozoico 281 de la Cuenca Norte. Jorge Montaño, Elena Peel y Andrés Pérez Capítulo IX: Rocas ornamentales del magmatismo 303 Paleozoico. Rossana Muzio y Ethel Morales Índice temático 323 PREFACIO TENEMOS EL GUSTO DE PRESENTAR EL TERCER Y ÚLTIMO VO- lumen de la serie Cuencas sedimentarias de Uruguay: geología, paleonto- logía y recursos naturales. Aborda algunos de los acontecimientos de la vi- da y de la Tierra que se sucedieron durante la Era Paleozoica, hace ca. 540 a 225 millones de años, relacionados con nuestro territorio. Con la aparición de este libro se cierra una etapa en la que, habiendo logrado sortear las dificultades inherentes a toda tarea intelectual, con es- fuerzo y entusiasmo se alcanzó la meta propuesta. Esperamos haber contri- buido a una necesaria síntesis sobre el conocimiento geológico, paleontoló- gico y de los recursos naturales de las cuencas fanerozoicas uruguayas.1 Queremos destacar que esto no hubiera sido posible sin el valioso aporte de los numerosos colegas que participaron en la elaboración de estos tres volúmenes. Nuestro trabajo como editores se orientó principalmente a reunir voluntades y esfuerzos de profesionales que, desde distintos lugares y áreas del conocimiento, permitieran alcanzar aquel objetivo. Su conjugación es un ejemplo de acción colectiva y armónica en la que valoramos del mis- mo modo todos los aportes. Vaya entonces nuestro reconocimiento y agra- decimiento a los 20 colegas que contribuyeron con la obra, así como tam- bién a aquellos que participaron en la lectura y corrección de los capítulos. Con todos ellos compartimos la distinción otorgada el año pasado por el Ministerio de Educación y Cultura a nuestro primer libro de la serie.2 1. El primer volumen de esta serie, dedicado al Mesozoico, se publicó en marzo de 2003, con una se- gunda edición en agosto de 2004. El segundo, sobre el Cenozoico, apareció en marzo de 2004. 2. Se trata de una mención en la categoría Ensayo Divulgación Científica, del Premio Anual de Litera- tura correspondiente a las publicaciones del año 2003. El jurado estuvo integrado por Julio Fernán- dez, Juan Grompone, Uruguay Rossani, Julio Varela y Daniel Vidart. (N. de E.) 5 Este volumen se refiere a la evolución tectónica y sedimentaria de las cuencas paleozoicas: a sus rocas, sus fósiles y sus recursos minerales asocia- dos. Es preciso advertir, una vez más, que el contenido del libro no pretende abarcar toda la riqueza temática que involucra este período, sino que desa- rrolla selectivamente aspectos que hemos decidido resaltar. Pretendimos con los anteriores y obviamente con el presente libro, que el contenido fuera de utilidad no solamente al profesional del área de Geociencias, sino también a estudiantes universitarios de ramas científicas y técnicas, docentes de enseñanza media y, en general, a todo aquel lector que cuente con una base de conocimientos geológicos. El éxito editorial, que in- clusive llevó a una rápida segunda edición del volumen “Mesozoico”, nos dejó ver, en forma objetiva, que existe un público lector ávido por los temas de las Geociencias y que supera varias veces el número de profesionales re- lacionados directamente a la geología uruguaya. El primer capítulo del libro es una introducción breve sobre los prin- cipales acontecimientos de la evolución de la vida y de la Tierra que transcu- rrieron durante el Paleozoico, con un enfoque de carácter general y con énfa- sis en la “evolución gondwánica” en la que se enmarca nuestro territorio. El segundo capítulo es una reclamada síntesis del basamento urugua- yo sobre el que reposan nuestras cuencas sedimentarias, lográndose una ca- racterización sumaria y actualizada de los rasgos geológicos y estructurales del Escudo Uruguayo, no exento de una crítica visión sobre aspectos meto- dológicos y conceptuales que pesan sobre las principales ideas sobre la que descansan los estudios del basamento en los últimos años. Los cinco capítulos siguientes abarcan variados temas sobre la evolu- ción de las dos cuencas paleozoicas de nuestro territorio: la cuenca devónica y la cuenca permocarbonífera. La mayoría de estos capítulos contienen nue- vos enfoques sedimentológicos y estratigráficos así como discusiones de te- mas de actualidad. Por último, se incluyen dos capítulos que refieren a temáticas de apli- cación asociadas a las rocas paleozoicas: las rocas ornamentales y los recur- sos hídricos subterráneos. Si bien todos los capítulos han sido revisados por los editores y otros colegas incluidos en la nómina, el contenido de cada uno de ellos es de ex- clusiva responsabilidad de los respectivos autores. Alejandra Rojas, Susana 6 Damborenea, Alexandre Perinotto, Daniel Perea, Vicente Fulfaro y Eduardo Rossello, tuvieron la amabilidad de realizar la lectura crítica de algunos capí- tulos. A ellos nuestro agradecimiento. En aras de una lectura más ágil, se ha procurado incluir un número reducido de referencias bibliográficas en el texto, sin perjuicio de que al final de cada capítulo podrán hallarse, además de las referencias citadas, otras fuentes recomendadas para la ampliación de los temas desarrollados. Algu- nas notas al pie de página y notas del editor técnico, sello característico de los textos editados por nuestra Facultad de Ciencias, se incluyen como me- dio de ampliar temáticas específicas o resaltar aspectos que resultan de inte- rés general. Agradecemos a la Comisión Sectorial de Enseñanza (CSE) y Comi- sión Sectorial de Investigación Científica (CSIC) de la Universidad de la República, al Consejo Nacional de Investigación, Ciencia y Tecnología (CONICYT) y al Programa de Desarrollo de Ciencias Básicas (PEDECIBA) por el apoyo a las actividades académicas de la mayoría de los autores que participaron en esta obra. El apoyo y motivación dado por nuestros colegas del Departamento de Evolución de Cuencas, así como por los estudiantes de geología de la Facultad, ha sido un estímulo importante para finalizar la obra. Asimismo, expresamos nuestro reconocimiento a la contribución de la Sociedad Uruguaya de Geología que posibilitó la segunda edición, corregida y ampliada, del primer volumen de la obra. Nuestro muy especial agradecimiento a DI.R.A.C: a Luis Elbert, quien a pesar de su alejamiento de nuestra Facultad nuevamente aportó su es- fuerzo y entusiasmo para la conclusión de esta obra; y a Gabriel Santoro, que asumió nuevos desafíos con seriedad y responsabilidad, ocupándose pacien- temente de mejorar todos los aspectos que hacen a la edición de este libro. Por último, nuestro reconocimiento a las autoridades de Facultad de Ciencias, que tempranamente confiaron y apoyaron la realización de esta se- rie de libros sobre las Cuencas Sedimentarias de Uruguay. Los Editores 7 AUTORES Se indica para cada autor: nombre, ciudad y año de nacimiento, títulos académi- cos, lugares de trabajo, áreas de desempeño profesional, y dirección electrónica. Las localidades e instituciones mencionadas son uruguayas, salvo indicación ex- presa. Gloria Daners (Montevideo, 1969) Licenciada en Biología, Universidad de la República, 1992. Facultad de Ciencias.
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