DOCSLIB.ORG

Methionine | C5H11NO2S - Pubchem

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Methionine | C5H11NO2S - Pubchem 24/9/2020 Methionine | C5H11NO2S - PubChem COMPOUND SUMMARY Methionine PubChem CID: 6137 Structure: 2D 3D Crystal Find Similar Structures Chemical Safety: Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS) Datasheet Molecular Formula: C5H11NO2S L-methionine 63-68-3 methionine Synonyms: h-Met-oh (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid More... Molecular Weight: 149.21 g/mol Modify: Create: Dates: 2020-09-19 2004-09-16 Methionine is one of nine essential amino acids in humans (provided by food), Methionine is required for growth and tissue repair. A sulphur-containing amino acid, methionine improves the tone and pliability of skin, hair, and strengthens nails. Involved in many detoxifying processes, sulphur provided by methionine protects cells from pollutants, slows cell aging, and is essential for absorption and bio-availability of selenium and zinc. Methionine chelates heavy metals, such as lead and mercury, aiding their excretion. It also acts as a lipotropic agent and prevents excess fat buildup in the liver. (NCI04) NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) L-Methionine, also known as liquimeth or pedameth, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methionine and derivatives. Methionine and derivatives are compounds containing methionine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of methionine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. L-Methionine is a drug which is used for protein synthesis including the formation of same, l-homocysteine, l-cysteine, taurine, and sulfate. L-Methionine exists as a solid, soluble (in water), and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). L-Methionine has been found throughout most human tissues, and has also been detected in most biofluids, including feces, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and blood. Within the cell, L-methionine is primarily located in the mitochondria and cytoplasm. L-Methionine exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Dimethylglycine and L-methionine can be biosynthesized from betaine and homocysteine; which is mediated by the enzyme betaine--homocysteine S- methyltransferase 1. In humans, L-methionine is involved in spermidine and spermine biosynthesis pathway, the arbekacin action pathway, the lincomycin action pathway, and the tobramycin action pathway. L-Methionine is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include S-adenosylhomocysteine (sah) hydrolase deficiency, cystathionine Beta- synthase deficiency, the hypermethioninemia pathway, and the homocystinuria-megaloblastic anemia due to defect in cobalamin metabolism, CBLG complementation type pathway. L- Methionine is a potentially toxic compound. Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) L-methionine is the L-enantiomer of methionine. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, an antidote to paracetamol poisoning, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an aspartate family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a methionine and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-methioninium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-methioninate. It is an enantiomer of a D-methionine. It is a tautomer of a L-methionine zwitterion. ChEBI https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6137 1/57 24/9/2020 Methionine | C5H11NO2S - PubChem 1 Structures 1.1 2D Structure Chemical Structure Depiction PubChem 1.2 3D Conformer PubChem 1.3 Crystal Structures Showing 1 of 2 View More CCDC Number 276855 Crystal Structure Data DOI:10.5517/cc992tg Crystal Structure Depiction The Cambridge Structural Database https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6137 2/57 24/9/2020 Methionine | C5H11NO2S - PubChem 2 Biologic Description SVG Image IUPAC Condensed H-Met-OH Sequence M PLN H-M-OH HELM PEPTIDE1{M}$$$$ IUPAC L-methionine PubChem https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6137 3/57 24/9/2020 Methionine | C5H11NO2S - PubChem 3 Names and Identifiers 3.1 Computed Descriptors 3.1.1 IUPAC Name (2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid Computed by LexiChem 2.6.6 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) PubChem 3.1.2 InChI InChI=1S/C5H11NO2S/c1-9-3-2-4(6)5(7)8/h4H,2-3,6H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1 Computed by InChI 1.0.5 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) PubChem 3.1.3 InChI Key FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N Computed by InChI 1.0.5 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) PubChem 3.1.4 Canonical SMILES CSCCC(C(=O)O)N Computed by OEChem 2.1.5 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) PubChem 3.1.5 Isomeric SMILES CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N Computed by OEChem 2.1.5 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) PubChem 3.2 Molecular Formula C5H11NO2S Wikipedia; PubChem 3.3 Other Identifiers 3.3.1 CAS 63-68-3 CAMEO Chemicals; ChemIDplus; DrugBank; DTP/NCI; EPA Chemicals under the TSCA; EPA DSSTox; European Chemicals Agency (ECHA); Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB); Human Metabolome Database (HMD 3654-96-4 ChemIDplus 58576-49-1 ChemIDplus 3.3.2 Deprecated CAS 24425-78-3, 7005-18-7, 1437749-32-0, 1437749-60-4, 1437749-65-9, 1437749-75-1, 1437749-80-8, 1437769-00-0, 1437870-94-4, 1437870-95-5, 1437870-97-7, 1437870-98-8, 1437871-20-9, 1463481-01-7, 1463481-06-2, 1463481-15-3, 1463481-19-7, 1463481-23-3, 1463481-27-7, 1463481-31-3, 1463481-37-9, 1463481-41-5, 1463481-46-0, 1463481-51-7, 1463481-58-4, 1463481- 73-3, 1463481-80-2, 1463481-89-1, 1463610-75-4, 1463610-76-5, 1466415-57-5 ChemIDplus 3.3.3 European Community (EC) Number 200-562-9 European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 3.3.4 NSC Number 760117 DTP/NCI https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6137 4/57 24/9/2020 Methionine | C5H11NO2S - PubChem 3.3.5 UNII AE28F7PNPL FDA/SPL Indexing Data 3.3.6 DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID5040548 EPA DSSTox 3.3.7 Wikipedia Methionine Wikipedia L-methionine Wikipedia 3.4 Synonyms 3.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms L-Isomer Methionine L-Methionine Liquimeth Methionine Methionine, L Isomer Methionine, L-Isomer Pedameth MeSH 3.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms L-methionine Methionine (VAN) Poly-L-methionine 2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butyric acid, (S)- NSC 2294 63-68-3 Acimethin L(-)-Amino-gamma-methylthiobutyric acid (2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanyl-butanoic acid AE28F7PN methionine Metionina [DCIT] L-alpha-Amino-gamma-methylthiobutyric acid L-Met gamma-M h-Met-oh (S)-methionine L-gamma-Methylthio-alpha-aminobutyric acid Butanoic acid, 2-amino-4-(methylthio)-, (S)- L-2-Amino (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid L-alpha-Amino-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid met Methionine C 11 CHEMBL4 L-(-)-Methionine h-Met-h CCRIS 5528 Toxin WAR (Bacillus thuringiensis strain PS205C) CHEBI:166 Cymethion Methioninum [INN-Latin] CCRIS 5536 (2S)-2-Amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid L-2-Amino Liquimeth (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid METHIONINE, L- L-a-Amino-g-methylthiobutyric acid L-Methion S-Methionine metionina HSDB 4317 carbon-11 methionine (S)-2-Ami L-Methioninum Methioninum 2-Amino-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (S)- S-Methyl-L-homocysteine C-11 Meth Methilanin Polymethionine Methionine [USAN:INN] (S)-(+)-Methionine 58576-49- Neo-methidin L-Homocysteine, S-methyl- UNII-AE28F7PNPL EINECS 200-562-9 l-2-Amino (L)-Methionine L-Methionin (S)-2-amino-4-(methylthio)butyric acid MFCD00063097 L-Methion PubChem https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6137 5/57 24/9/2020 Methionine | C5H11NO2S - PubChem 4 Chemical and Physical Properties 4.1 Computed Properties Property Name Property Value Reference Molecular Weight 149.21 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3 -1.9 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 2 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count 4 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass 149.05105 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass 149.05105 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area 88.6 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count 9 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity 97 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 1 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 Computed by PubChem Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Computed by PubChem (release 2019.01.04) PubChem 4.2 Experimental Properties 4.2.1 Physical Description Minute hexagonal plates from dilute alcohol. (NTP, 1992) National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. CAMEO Chemicals Solid Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) 4.2.2 Color/Form Minute hexagonal plates from dilute alcohol O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1032 Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) Colorless or white, lustrous plates or as white, crystalline powder FCC; Food Chemicals Codex. Committee on Food Chemicals Codex, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. 5th. Washington, DC: National Academy Press p. 286 (2003) Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) 4.2.3 Odor Faint Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993, p. 752 Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) 4.2.4 Taste Sulfurous Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Report of the Advisory Group to Recommend Priorities for the IARC Monographs During 2020–2024
    IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans Report of the Advisory Group to Recommend Priorities for the IARC Monographs during 2020–2024 Report of the Advisory Group to Recommend Priorities for the IARC Monographs during 2020–2024 CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Acetaldehyde (CAS No. 75-07-0) ................................................................................................. 3 Acrolein (CAS No. 107-02-8) ....................................................................................................... 4 Acrylamide (CAS No. 79-06-1) .................................................................................................... 5 Acrylonitrile (CAS No. 107-13-1) ................................................................................................ 6 Aflatoxins (CAS No. 1402-68-2) .................................................................................................. 8 Air pollutants and underlying mechanisms for breast cancer ....................................................... 9 Airborne gram-negative bacterial endotoxins ............................................................................. 10 Alachlor (chloroacetanilide herbicide) (CAS No. 15972-60-8) .................................................. 10 Aluminium (CAS No. 7429-90-5) .............................................................................................. 11
    [Show full text]
  • Methylmalonic Methylmalonic Aciduria
    12/27/2008 METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA Marc E. Tischler, PhD; University of Arizona METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA •methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (methylmalonyl-CoA) is formed during the breakdown of some amino acids (i.e., isoleucine, valine, methionine, threonine) and fatty acids that contain an odd number of carbons (small fraction of total) (Figure 1) •methylmalonyl-CoA is further metabolized: o methylmalonyl-CoA mutase produces succinyl-CoA and requires a modified form of vitamin B12 (adenosyl-B12) o succinyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle whose function is primarily to produce usable energy in the cell • deficiency of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase prevents the metabolism of methylmalonyl- CoA leading to excessive formation of methylmalonic acid o excessive methylmalonic acid is excreted in the urine causing methylmalonic aciduria o potentially life-threatening because it creates an acidic condition (acidosis) •treatment: o restricting intake of the 4 amino acids o neutralizing the acidosis o providing vitamin B12 to potentially boost the activity of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase 1 12/27/2008 NORMAL DISEASE Methionine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Isoleucine, Valine, Threonine, Valine, Threonine, Odd-chain fatty acids Odd-chain fatty acids Many various enzymes Propionyl-CoA Propionyl-CoA Propypionyl-CoA carboxylase Methylmalonyl-CoA Methylmalonyl-CoA Methylmalonyl- +adenosyl-B12 CoA mutase Succinyl-CoA Succinyl-CoAX Enzyme names for Citric Methylmalonic acid Usable indicated arrow Acid acidosis Cycle energy Figure 1. Metabolism of 4 amino acids and odd-chain fatty acids all proceed via methylmalonyl-CoA. Methylmalonyl- CoA is metabolized to succinyl-CoA that enters the citric acid cycle, which produces usable energy for the cell. In methylmalonic aciduria, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase is deficient (X) so that methylmalonyl-CoA accumulates.
    [Show full text]
  • Trimethylacetic Formic Anhydride Precipitation from Ethanol and Diethyl Ether, M.P
    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/16408 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-24 and may be subject to change. 460 Edward J. Vlietsira et al. / Trimethylacetic formic anhydride precipitation from ethanol and diethyl ether, m.p. 240°C (dec.); Acknowledgements [a]5 5 —140° (c 1.0, water). MS: M* 700. We thank Mr. P. Kranenburg for valuable technical as­ N-(6,14-endo-Etheno-7,8-dihydromorphine-7ai-carbonyl)-L- sistance and Messrs. J. A. de Groot, L. J. M. Helvensteijn -phenylalanyl-L-leucinol (14) and E. F. Lameijer for carrying out preliminary experi­ The hydrochloride of 12 (1.63 g, 2.4 mmol) was converted into the ments. We are grateful to the Management of Diosynth base and dissolved in 30 ml of anhydrous 2-propanol. To this B. V., Apeldoorn, The Netherlands, for gifts of chemicals. solution, 1.5 g (15 mmol) of anhydrous calcium chloride and We thank the U.S.A. Committee on Problems of Drug 1.14 g (30 mmol) of sodium tetrahydroborate were added. The Dependence and Dr. A. E. Jacobson, Biological Coordi­ conversion was complete (TLC) after 6 days at 35°C. Water nator, for the results of the pharmacological studies. We (50 ml) was then added and the mixture acidified with 2 N hydro­ gen chloride to pH 2-3. Extraction with a mixture of chloroform are indebted to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) - an Alternative Deicing Agent a Review of the Literature Anita Ihs and Kent Gustafson
    VTI meddelande No. 789A - 1996 ' Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) - an alternative deicing agent A review of the literature Anita Ihs and Kent Gustafson Swedish Roadand Transport Research Institute VTI meddelande No. 789A - 1996 Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) - an alternative deicing agent A review of the literature Anita Ihs and Kent Gustafson Swedish National Road and Cover: C. Tonstrom, Mediabild /Transport Research Institute Publisher: Publication: VTI Meddelande 789A Published: Project code: Swedish National Road and 1996 60161 ATransport Research Institute S-581 95 Linkoping Sweden Project: Test with mixture of CMA and NaCl Printed in English 1997 Author: Sponsor: Anita Ihs and Kent Gustafson Swedish National Road Administration Title: Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA)-An alternative deicing agent. A litterature reveiw Abstract Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) is an alternative deicing agent that was developed in the USA around 1980. On commusion by the Swedish National Road Administration a review of the literature on CMA has been done. A small selection of the numerous studies that have been conducted since 1980 is presented in this report. In the majority of the field studies it is observed that CMA is slower acting than sodium chloride (NaCl). A longer lasting effect of CMA compared to NaCl has, however, been observed in some studies. CMA is furthermore described as an anti-icing, rather than a de-icing agent. Several studies also show that CMA is less corrosive than NaCl and that CMA causes less freeze/thaw damage to concrete than NaCl. Earlier studies have shown that CMA is less harmful to the environment than NaCl. Oxygen is, however, consumed when acetate is decomposed.
    [Show full text]
  • SODIUM FORMATE, Hydrate
    CXSO045 - SODIUM FORMATE, hydrate SODIUM FORMATE, hydrate Safety Data Sheet CXSO045 Date of issue: 04/04/2017 Version: 1.0 SECTION 1: Identification 1.1. Product identifier Product name : SODIUM FORMATE, hydrate Product code : CXSO045 Product form : Substance Physical state : Solid Formula : CHNaO2 Synonyms : FORMIC ACID, ZINC SALT, DIHYDRATE DIFORMATOZINC DIHYDRATE ZINC DIFORMATE DIHYDRATE Chemical family : METAL COMPOUND 1.2. Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use Recommended use : Chemical intermediate For research and industrial use only 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet GELEST, INC. 11 East Steel Road Morrisville, PA 19067 USA T 215-547-1015 - F 215-547-2484 - (M-F): 8:00 AM - 5:30 PM EST [email protected] - www.gelest.com 1.4. Emergency telephone number Emergency number : CHEMTREC: 1-800-424-9300 (USA); +1 703-527-3887 (International) SECTION 2: Hazard(s) identification 2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture GHS-US classification Not classified 2.2. Label elements GHS-US labeling No labeling applicable 2.3. Hazards not otherwise classified (HNOC) No additional information available 2.4. Unknown acute toxicity (GHS US) No data available SECTION 3: Composition/Information on ingredients 3.1. Substances Substance type : Mono-constituent Name : SODIUM FORMATE, hydrate CAS No : 141-53-7 Name Product identifier % GHS-US classification Sodium formate (CAS No) 141-53-7 95 - 100 Not classified Full text of hazard classes and H-statements : see section 16 3.2. Mixtures Not applicable 4.1. Description of first aid measures First-aid measures general : Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
    [Show full text]
  • PUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT of APPEALS for the FOURTH CIRCUIT ZENECA, INCORPORATED, Plaintiff-Appellant, V. DONNA E. SHALALA
    PUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT ZENECA, INCORPORATED, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. DONNA E. SHALALA, in her official capacity as Secretary of Health and Human Services; JANE HENNEY, M.D., Commissioner of the Food No. 99-2329 and Drug Administration, Defendant-Appellees, v. GENSIA SICOR PHARMACEUTICALS, INCORPORATED, Movant-Appellee. Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, at Baltimore. William M. Nickerson, District Judge. (CA-99-307-WMN) Argued: April 5, 2000 Decided: May 17, 2000 Before NIEMEYER, Circuit Judge, HAMILTON, Senior Circuit Judge, and Roger J. MINER, Senior Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, sitting by designation. _________________________________________________________________ Affirmed by published opinion. Senior Judge Hamilton wrote the opinion, in which Judge Niemeyer and Senior Judge Miner joined. COUNSEL Anthony Craig Roth, MORGAN, LEWIS & BOCKIUS, L.L.P., Washington, D.C., for Appellant. Gerald Cooper Kell, Senior Trial Counsel, Office of Consumer Litigation, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Appellees Sha- lala and Henney; David Glenn Adams, VENABLE, BAETJER, HOWARD & CIVILETTI, L.L.P., Washington, D.C., for Appellee Gensia Sicor. ON BRIEF: Stephen P. Mahinka, MORGAN, LEWIS & BOCKIUS, L.L.P., Washington, D.C., for Appellant. David W. Ogden, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Office of Consumer Liti- gation, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washing- ton, D.C.; Barbara J. Stradling, Associate Chief Counsel for Enforcement, FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, Washing- ton, D.C., for Appellees Shalala and Henney. James N. Czaban, VEN- ABLE, BAETJER, HOWARD & CIVILETTI, L.L.P., Washington, D.C., for Appellee Gensia Sicor.
    [Show full text]
  • Production and Testing of Calcium Magnesium Acetate in Maine
    77 Majesty's Stationery Office, London, England, River. Res. Note FPL-0229. Forest Service, U.S. 1948. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wis., 1974. 14. M.S. Aggour and A. Ragab. Safety and Soundness 20. W.L. James. Effect of Temperature and Moisture of Submerged Timber Bridge PU.ing. FHWA/MD In­ Content on Internal Friction and Speed of Sound terim Report AW082-231-046. FHWA, U.S. Depart­ in Douglas Fir. Forest Product Journal, Vol. ment of Transportation, June 1982. 11, No. 9, 1961, pp. 383-390, 15. B.O. Orogbemi. Equipment for Determining the 21. A, Burmester. Relationship Between Sound Veloc­ Dynami c Modulus of Submerged Bridge Timber Pil­ ity and Morphological, Physical, and Mechani­ ·ing. Master's thesis. University of Maryland, cal Properties of Wood. Holz als Roh und Wer­ College Park, 1980. stoff, Vol. 23, No. 6, 1965, pp. 227-236 (in 16. T.L. Wilkinson. Strength Evaluation of Round German) • Timber Piles. Res. Note FPL-101. Forest Ser­ 22. c.c. Gerhards. Stress Wave Speed and MOE of vice, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Weetgum Ranging from 150 to 15 Percent MC. Wis., 1968. Forest Product Journal, Vol. 25, No. 4, 1975, 17. J, Bodig and B.A. Jayne. Mechanics of Wood and pp. 51-57. Wood Composites. Van Nostrand, New York, 1982. 18. R.M. Armstrong. Structural Properties of Timber Piles, Behavior of Deep Foundations. Report STP-670, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1979, pp. 118-152. 19. B.A, Bendtsen. Bending Strength and Stiffness Publication of this paper sponsored by Committee on of Bridge Piles After 85 Years in the Milwaukee Structures Maintenance.
    [Show full text]
  • Sulfite: Here, There, Everywhere
    Sulfite: Here, There, Everywhere Max T. Baker, PhD Associate Professor Department of Anesthesia University of Iowa Inadvertent Exposures Combustion of fossil fuels, Air pollutant Large quantities as sulfur dioxide are expelled from volcanos Kilauea on the Big Island Small quantities endogenously formed in mammals from sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism Deliberate Exposures As Preservative- Wine, Beer (dates to Roman times From burning sulfur candles) Fruits and Vegetables (reduce browning, extend shelf-life) Pharmaceuticals1 Reductant - Antioxidant - Antimicrobial What are Sulfites? Oxidized Forms of the Sulfur Atom Sulfur Dioxide, MW = 64, bp = - 10oC (gaseous) Sulfur (IV) - Oxidation state of 4 S = Atomic number 16 – electrons/shell, 2,8,6 Sodium Dioxide Readily Hydrates2 Sulfur Carbon Dioxide Dioxide (irritant) H O H2O 2 Sulfurous Unstable Carbonic low acid species acid pH high pH Bisulfite Bicarbonate anion anion Sulfite Carbonate dianion dianion Forms radical Doesn’t form radical Bisulfite Can Combine with SO2 to form Metabisulfite + excess Bisulfite Metabisulfite (disulfite, pyrosulfite) “Sulfite” usually added to drugs as sodium or potassium salts of: Sulfite, Bisulfite, or Metabisulfite Endogenous to Mammals Small quantities formed from sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism - cysteine, methionine3 + - + H2O + 2H + 2 e Sulfite Sulfate Rapidly detoxified by sulfite oxidase (SOX) to form sulfate – a two electron oxidation, molybdenum dependent Two Confirmed Sulfite Toxicities Neurological abnormalities from genetic sulfite oxidase deficiency3 Allergic reactions from exogenous exposure4 Oral, parenteral, inhalational exposure: dermatitis, urticaria, flushing, hypotension, abdominal pain and diarrhea to life- threatening anaphylactic and asthmatic reactions “The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in nonasthmatic people." - FDA Prevalence – 3-10% are sulfite sensitive among asthmatic subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for Inorganic Sulfites
    Reregistration Eligibility Decision – Inorganic Sulfites May 2007 Reregistration Eligibility Decision Inorganic Sulfites Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1801 South Bell Street Arlington, VA 22202 Introduction The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has completed its Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for the inorganic sulfites case, which includes the chemicals sulfur dioxide and sodium metabisulfite. This assessment provides information to support the issuance of a Reregistration Eligibility Decision for inorganic sulfites. EPA’s pesticide reregistration process provides for the review of older pesticides (those initially registered prior to November 1984) under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) to ensure that they meet current scientific and regulatory standards. In this document, EPA presents the results of its review of the potential human health effects of dietary, drinking water and occupational/bystander exposure to inorganic sulfites, as well as its ecological risk findings. Evaluations performed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) were relied upon for this assessment, in addition to peer-reviewed evaluations performed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development-Screening Information Data Set (OECD-SIDS) and from other open literature sources. Based on this assessment, the Agency has determined that products containing sulfur dioxide or sodium metabisulfite are eligible for reregistration provided the necessary label changes are made. As a result of this assessment, one tolerance has been reassessed. I. Use Information The inorganic sulfites reregistration case includes the chemicals sulfur dioxide (CAS No.
    [Show full text]
  • ECLSS Assessments Sept-2015 Baseline
    JSC-66869 Baseline Guidelines for the Assessment of Chemicals and Materials for Impacts to Environmental Control and Life Support Systems and Habitable Volumes of Crewed Spacecraft Environmental Control and Life Support Systems Crew and Thermal Systems Division Engineering Directorate September 2015 Baseline Cleared for Internal NASA Release National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas JSC 66869 Baseline Guidelines for the Assessment of Chemicals and Materials for Impacts to Environmental Control and Life Support Systems and Habitable Volumes of Crewed Spacecraft Prepared by: Concurred by: ii JSC 66869 Baseline CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 PURPOSE OF ECLSS IMPACT ASSESSMENTS ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 COMPILATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ECLSS IMPACT ASSESSMENTS.................................................................. 2 2.0 ECLSS AND CABIN ENVIRONMENT IMPACT RATING DEFINITIONS ................................................ 2 3.0 IDENTIFYING CHEMICALS IN PAYLOAD/HARDWARE.......................................................................... 3 4.0 GENERAL GUIDELINES BY WHICH ECLSS HARDWARE IMPACTS AND CABIN ENVRIONMENT IMPACTS ARE ASSESSED. ...................................................................................................... 4 4.1 REQUIREMENTS
    [Show full text]
  • Sodium Metabisulfite Hypersensitivity in Urticaria
    Our Dermatology Online Original Article SSodiumodium mmetabisulfietabisulfi ttee hhypersensitivityypersensitivity iinn uurticariarticaria Beata Sadowska, Marlena Sztormowska, Marika Gawinowska, Marta Chelminska Department of Allergology, Allergology and Pneumonology Clinic, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80- 214 Gdansk, Poland Corresponding author: Beata Sadowska, MD, E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Background: Sodium metabisulfite is a recognized, but rare, trigger of urticaria, wherein the IgE mechanism has been sporadically proven. The aim of this study was to identify the potential reaction to sodium metabisulfite (MBS) based on a placebo-controlled oral challenge in patients with urticaria and suspected hypersensitivity to food additives. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 adult patients (76 females and 34 males with a mean age of 46 years) were included in the study between 2017 and 2019. All subjects underwent MBS skin prick tests (SPT) and patch tests (PT). Patients with a positive skin test or suspected MBS hypersensitivity were qualified for a placebo-controlled oral challenge (OC). Results: Skin testing was positive in 24 patients: SPT in 20% (n = 22), PT in 5% (n = 6). Out of 64 oral challenges, 13 positive results were obtained. Patients with a positive challenge typed sulfite foods twice as often as a culprit compared to those with a negative OC. Conclusions: In patients with urticaria, both the IgE and non-IgE mechanism of MBS hypersensitivity has been demonstrated. Skin tests with a detailed medical history of potentially guilty foods may be helpful in determining sulfite hypersensitivity. Key words: Sulfites; Sodium metabisulfite; Urticaria; Food additive hypersensitivity INTRODUCTION they are not obliged to disclose the total amount of the substance [5].
    [Show full text]
  • Methylmalonyl-Coa Mutase Induction by Cerebral Ischemia and Neurotoxicity of the Mitochondrial Toxin Methylmalonic Acid
    The Journal of Neuroscience, November 15, 1996, 16(22):7336–7346 Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase Induction by Cerebral Ischemia and Neurotoxicity of the Mitochondrial Toxin Methylmalonic Acid Purnima Narasimhan, Robert Sklar, Matthew Murrell, Raymond A. Swanson, and Frank R. Sharp Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121 Differential screening of gerbil brain hippocampal cDNA librar- (SDH), produced dose-related cell death when injected into the ies was used to search for genes expressed in ischemic, but basal ganglia of adult rat brain. This neurotoxicity is similar to that not normal, brain. The methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) of structurally related mitochondrial SDH inhibitors, malonate and cDNA was highly expressed after ischemia and showed a 95% 3-nitropropionic acid. Methylmalonic acid may contribute to neu- similarity to mouse and 91% similarity to the human MCM ronal injury in human conditions in which it accumulates, including cDNAs. Transient global ischemia induced a fourfold increase MCM mutations and B12 deficiency. This study shows that in MCM mRNA on Northern blots from both hippocampus and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase is induced by several stresses, in- whole forebrain. MCM protein exhibited a similar induction on cluding ischemia, and would serve to decrease the accumulation Western blots of gerbil cerebral cortex 8 and 24 hr after isch- of an endogenous cellular mitochondrial inhibitor and neurotoxin, emia. Treatment of primary brain astrocytes with either the methylmalonic acid. branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) isoleucine or the BCAA metabolite, propionate, induced MCM mRNA fourfold. In- creased concentrations of BCAAs and odd-chain fatty acids, Key words: methylmalonic acid; methylmalonyl-CoA mutase; both of which are metabolized to propionate, may contribute to branched-chain amino acids; odd-chain fatty acids; propionate; inducing the MCM gene during ischemia.
    [Show full text]