Kingston Recycled Water Facility Plan Appendix A: Kingston Recycled Water Project Report A-1 Kingston Recycled Water Facility Plan KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON Kingston Recycled Water Project A preliminary investigation of recycled water opportunities in the Kingston area February 2016 In 2003, Kitsap County (County) initiated planning efforts in the Kingston, Washington, area to assess opportunities for using recycled water that could be produced at the Kingston Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Further study and planning over the past decade has helped the County understand a range of options for implementing a recycled water program to help meet long-term water quantity and quality goals shared by the County and Kingston area stakeholders. This report summarizes the County’s efforts and findings to date and includes a “baseline” option for implementation. The “baseline” option provides a basis for estimated project costs and platform for further discussion with stakeholders. The project options described in Section 4 will be refined through future detailed engineering analysis. Prepared by Brown and Caldwell Seattle, Washington 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary . 4 Section 1. Water Resource Challenges . 9 Kitsap County water quantity and quality . 10 Water as a Resource policy . 12 Section 2. Project Overview . .13 Project background . 14 Comparison of discharge options. .15 Baseline option . 16 Water balance model . 17 Section 3. Stakeholder Goals . 18 The Kingston project supports shared goals . .19 The Suquamish Tribe. .20 Puget Sound Partnership . 21 Kitsap Public Utilities District and Washington State Department of Health . 22 Washington State Department of Ecology . 23 Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife and Puget Sound Restoration Fund . 24 Friends of Miller Bay . 25 Section 4. Evaluation of Project Components. .26 Changing reclaimed water regulations . 27 Baseline option overview . .29 Treatment upgrade options . 30 Preliminary WWTP site layout . 34 Pipeline routing options . 35 Irrigation and equalization basin siting options. .36 Infiltration options . 37 Section 5. Implementation . .39 Estimated construction costs . 40 Next steps. .41 Attachment A. Water as a Resource Policy Attachment B. Washington State Department of Ecology: Hydraulic Loading to Wetlands Attachment C. Comparison of Filtration Technologies Attachment D. Estimate of Probable Construction Cost 3 Executive Summary 4 Project background Sustainable and resilient water supplies require significant reduction of discharges to the Sound “closing the water loop,” essentially minimizing and replenishment of the existing water supplies, discharges from the overall water system and both directly and indirectly. Policy goals are capturing that water for replenishment and reuse. summarized in Figure 1; the full policy is included in This replenishment and reuse is essential in Kitsap Attachment A. County, especially considering the fact that 80 Through preliminary discussions with the percent of the local water supply comes from Suquamish Tribe and other area stakeholders, the peninsula aquifer. it has been determined that all stakeholders Kingston area stakeholders are focused on achieving favor the general concept of producing recycled long-term, sustainable solutions to protecting area water, using it beneficially, and reducing WWTP water resources, in terms of both water quality and discharges to Puget Sound. The Kingston WWTP quantity. Initiatives underway like Puget Sound is in an ideal location to support the water quality Partnership’s (PSP) Action Agenda and Washington and quantity goals of Kingston area stakeholders. State Department of Ecology’s (Ecology) Blue Ribbon By recycling water pumped from the aquifer, Class Panel are taking steps to address the greatest threats A reclaimed water would be available for multiple to Puget Sound and to protect the long-term health uses including irrigation at White Horse Golf Course and supply of area waters and habitat. (WHGC) and indirect groundwater and stream In the past, Kitsap County has discharged billions flow augmentation to enhance Grovers Creek of gallons of treated effluent to Puget Sound. Salmon Hatchery operation and local shellfish New approaches and principles defined in the zone health. These beneficial uses directly align County’s Water as a Resource policy promote with area stakeholders and Water as a Resource policy goals. FIGURE 1 The Water as a Resource policy was adopted in 2009 to conserve and restore water resources and reduce pollution. 5 The Kingston project supports Water as a Resource policy goals Kitsap County’s Water as a Resource policy aims to conserve groundwater resources, restore the natural hydrologic flow in local streams and creeks, and reduce water pollution. The policy’s Implementation Team is tasked with converting the policy vision into actionable projects. One of the specific actions identified in the Water Policy Implementation Plan is to “finalize and implement a plan for water reclamation and reuse from the Kingston WWTP.” Beneficial uses have been identified for recycling water at the Kingston WWTP (implemented either alone or in combination) that directly align with Water as a Resource policy goals. These uses are described below and shown in Figure 2. • Conserve groundwater via irrigation with recycled • Restore stream flow with wetlands discharge. water. Class A recycled water could offset summer With appropriate upstream cooling and treatment, groundwater withdrawal and meet irrigation needs discharge through an existing wetlands system would for WHGC (~28 million gallons [MG]/year) and other provide additional stream flow and thermal cooling potential areas in north Kitsap County. within Grovers Creek. • Restore stream flow with infiltration. Favorable With enhanced treatment in place, recycled water could subsurface conditions in areas to the north end of be routed away from Puget Sound to these beneficial uses, WHGC would result in subsurface migration of Class A reducing the amount of pollutants discharged directly recycled water to Grovers Creek. This additional flow to the Sound. This decreased flow to the Sound would would provide a significant benefit in the summer also help meet future nitrogen removal requirements that when stream flows are below minimum instream flow could eventually be included in the County’s discharge requirements. permit. Class A Wastewater recycled treatment plant water CONSERVE RESTORE FLOW GROUNDWATER REDUCE POLLUTION Irrigation Indirect groundwater Runoff recharge/ wetlands Aquifer Puget Sound FIGURE 2 By recycling water pumped from the aquifer, the County’s reliance on groundwater could be minimized, serve as a supplemental source of flow to streams, and reduce pollutant loading to Puget Sound—directly supporting Water as a Resource policy goals. 6 The County has identified feasible options for implementation This year, Kitsap County has evaluated project • Treatment upgrades at the Kingston WWTP to elements required to recycle water pumped from produce Class A recycled water the North Kitsap aquifer. The following upgrades • Pumping, conveyance, and equalization (EQ) basin are identified as part of a “baseline” option that infrastructure to deliver Class A recycled water to allow flexibility for future modifications and directly the area north of WHGC align with Kingston areas stakeholders’ water resource goals: • Gravity flow from EQ basin to WHGC to allow summer irrigation • Infiltration gallery to allow wintertime indirect groundwater recharge to the area north of WHGC S Kingston Rd NE Miller Bay Rd NE Kingston Wastewater Treatment Plant Grovers Creek North Kitsap Spine Line Heritage Park White Horse Short Cut NW Potential NE White Horse Dr Salmon Infi ltration Area Powerline Hatchery NW EQ Basin Option NE EQ Basin Option13 16 LEGEND West EQ Basin Option 2 NE Potential14 Park and golf 18 3 15 Infi ltration12 Areas course boundaries 1 White Horse Trails Irrigation 4 Golf Club Pipeline common Pond 9 10 to all options Pipeline options Mosquito Fleet trail extension Miller Bay FIGURE 3 A baseline option of irrigation and infiltration was selected to provide a basis for further discussion with project stakeholders and develop a project cost estimate. 7 Next steps The recommended next steps to advance the Kingston recycled water project include the following: • Meet with Kingston area stakeholders to present the project status, select preferred options for project implementation, identify funding options, and develop interlocal agreements • Continue stakeholder and public outreach to maintain support for the project and address concerns and goals • Continue to monitor results of ongoing groundwater studies by Kitsap Public Utility District (KPUD) • Plan for the development of an Engineering Report to obtain regulatory approval for the project 8 SECTION 1 Water Resource Challenges With a hydrologic setting similar to an island, Kitsap County faces unique water quality and quantity challenges. 9 Water quantity and quality is a key concern for Kitsap County Water quantity The Kitsap Peninsula is essentially an “island,” Stream flow is also a concern and a limiting surrounded by salt water with little freshwater factor for salmon habitat. Stream flows in Grovers sources other than direct rainfall to recharge local Creek have been monitored by the Washington aquifers and surface water impoundments. More State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) than 80 percent of the potable water being used (1991–96) and