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Gender Equality and Leadership in Olympic Bodies Gender Equality and Leadership in Olympic Bodies GENDER EQUALITY AND LEADERSHIP IN OLYMPIC BODIES WOMEN, LEADERSHIP AND THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT 2010 GENDER EQUALITY AND LEADERSHIP IN OLYMPIC BODIES GENDER EQUALITY AND LEADERSHIP IN OLYMPIC GENDER EQUALITY AND LEADERSHIP IN OLYMPIC BODIES WOMEN, LEADERSHIP AND THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT 2010 Commissioned by the IOC Women and Sport Commission © International Olympic Committee and Centre for Olympic Studies & Research, Loughborough University, April 2010 Not to be reproduced or stored in whole or in part without written permission of copyright holders. © International Olympic Committee Château de Vidy – C.P. 356 – CH-1007 Lausanne/Switzerland Tel. +41 21 621 61 11 – Fax +41 21 621 62 16 www.olympic.org This report was authored by Professor Ian P. Henry & Dr. Leigh Robinson, of the Centre for Olympic Studies & Research, Loughborough University Produced by the International Olympic Committee – June 2010 All rights reserved Printing by DidWeDo S.à.r.l., Lausanne, Switzerland Printed in Switzerland Table of Contents Executive Summary 7 Introduction _________________________________________________________________________________ 8 Analysis of Responses to the Questionnaire to NOCs Concerning Women’s Involvement in Executive Decision-making Roles _____________________________________________________________ 8 Analysis of Responses to the Questionnaire to IF Concerning Women’s Involvement in Executive Decision-making Roles _____________________________________________________________ 9 Analysis of Interviews with Women NOC and IF Presidents and Secretary Generals, and Members of the IOC and Continental Associations of NOCs ____________________________________11 Recommendations and Conclusions ___________________________________________________________ 15 1. Project Overview 19 Introduction: the Context and Purpose of the Research ___________________________________________ 20 The Research Questions _____________________________________________________________________ 20 The Research Methods ______________________________________________________________________ 22 The Research Team _________________________________________________________________________ 22 The Work Programme ________________________________________________________________________ 22 The role of the International Cooperation and Development Department _____________________________ 23 The Structure of the Report ___________________________________________________________________ 23 2. Analysis of Responses to the Questionnaire to NOCs Concerning Women’s Involvement in Executive Decision-making Roles 25 Introduction: the size and nature of the sample of NOCs ___________________________________________26 Female Executive Committee Members in NOCs _________________________________________________ 28 Electoral Data: the nomination process; eligibility for candidature; the size and nature of the electorate in NOCs ______________________________ 30 Level of Competition for posts in NOCs _________________________________________________________33 Women and Sport Commissions and the Adoption of Gender Equity Policy in NOCs ___________________40 Table of Contents 3. Analysis of Responses to the Questionnaire to IFs Concerning Women’s Involvement in Executive Decision-making Roles 43 Introduction: the size and nature of the sample of IFs _____________________________________________ 44 Female Executive Committee/Board Members in IFs ______________________________________________46 Electoral Data: the nomination process; eligibility for candidature; the size and nature of the electorate in IFs _______________________________________________________47 Level of Competition for Elected Posts in IFs _____________________________________________________50 Women and Sport Commissions and the Adoption of Gender Equity Policy in IFs _____________________ 56 Conclusions and Comparison of NOCs and IFs in the Two Samples _________________________________58 4. Analysis of Interviews with Women NOC and IF Presidents and Secretary Generals, and Members of the IOC and Continental Associations of NOCs 61 Introduction ________________________________________________________________________________ 62 Women’s Perspectives on their Sports Administration Career in the Olympic Family ____________________63 Organisational Perspectives: NOCs, IFs, and Continental Associations _______________________________79 Continental Associations of NOCs _____________________________________________________________ 86 5. Recommendations and Conclusions 91 Introduction ________________________________________________________________________________ 92 Recruitment Lists ________________________________________________________________________________92 Political Training in the Regional Women and Sport Seminars _______________________________________94 The Electorate: the make-up of General Assemblies ______________________________________________ 94 Lengths of Terms of Offi ce/Mandates for Posts___________________________________________________ 95 Nomination Commissions ____________________________________________________________________ 96 Targets and Quotas __________________________________________________________________________97 Organisational Culture ________________________________________________________________________ 97 Equity Commissions _________________________________________________________________________ 98 Gender Equity, Good Governance and Performance Indicators _____________________________________ 99 Conclusions and Summary of Actions for Implementation _________________________________________101 4 Women, Leadership and the Olympic Movement 2010 6. Appendices 105 Appendix 1: Criteria for Eligibility for Election to Executive Committee of NOC _______________________106 Appendix 2: Criteria of Eligibility to Nominate Candidates to NOCs ________________________________112 Appendix 3: Criteria for Eligibility for Election to Executive Committee of International Federations ______116 Appendix 4: Criteria of Eligibility to Nominate Candidates to Executive Committees/ Boards of International Federation _________________________________________________119 7. References 123 5 Executive Summary Contents Introduction _________________________________________________________________________________ 8 Analysis of Responses to the Questionnaire to NOCs Concerning Women’s Involvement in Executive Decision-making Roles ____________________________________________________________8 Table 3q: Comparison of Responses from NOC and IF Samples __________________________________________________ 10 Analysis of Responses to the Questionnaire to IF Concerning Women’s Involvement in Executive Decision-making Roles ____________________________________________________________9 Table 4a: Sample of Interviewees _____________________________________________________________________________ 11 Analysis of Interviews with Women NOC and IF Presidents and Secretary Generals, and Members of the IOC and Continental Associations of NOCs __________________________________ 11 Recommendations and Conclusions __________________________________________________________ 15 Figure 5b: Barriers Evident in the Electoral System ______________________________________________________________ 15 Table 5d : Summary of KPIs for NOCs/IFs in Relation to Gender Equity and Access to Executive ______________________ 16 Executive Summary Introduction This study was commissioned by the Department of International Cooperation and Development from the Centre for Olympic Studies and Research (COS&R) at Loughborough University. Fieldwork took place in 2009. The project follows on from an earlier study commissioned from Loughborough University in 2004 (Henry et al., 2004) for the monitoring and explanation of levels of attainment of minimum targets for membership of NOC Executive Committees (which had been set to be achieved by 2001 and 2005). The focus of the research project reported here was on the electoral experience of women in submitting themselves as candidates for senior posts in NOCs and IFs. The objectives of the research were threefold: • To establish what the current situation was in relation to the recruitment of women to executive committees of the National Olympic Committees and International Federations. • To understand the context and experience of those women who have submitted themselves to election for senior roles (President, Secretary General, and Treasurer) within NOCs and IFs, in effect to identify where possible the key success factors in these cases both in terms of successful election and in relation to the performing of tasks effectively in post. • To identify policy implications for Olympic bodies in relation to promotion of gender equity in the leadership and management of Olympic sport. Methods adopted included two questionnaire surveys, of NOCs and of IFs respectively, and a series of interviews with 36 female Secretary Generals and presidents of NOCs and IFs, IOC members, and members of the Executives of Continental Associations of NOCs. Analysis of Responses to the Questionnaire to NOCs Concerning Women’s Involvement in Executive Decision-making Roles 110 of the 205 NOCs responded to this questionnaire (a 53.7% response rate), though response rates varied by continent from 75.5 for Europe to 38.6% for Asia. The number of women who have been elected to senior roles of President, Secretary General or Treasurer (or in the case of at least nine of the Secretary Generals who were appointed to such a role) is greatest among European
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