Domestic Abuse Supported Accommodation Needs Assessment for Cumbria June 2021

Date of full needs assessment: 28 June 2021 Date of amendment: 14 July 2021 (version 1.6) Sections amended 3.2.6; 3.4; 4.1; 8 Date for next refresh: tbc Date for next full needs assessment: tbc

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Contents 1 Introduction ...... 4 2 Summary...... 5 2.1 Key issues ...... 5 2.2 Gaps in safe accommodation provision ...... 6 2.3 Geographical differences in need across Cumbria ...... 7 2.3.1 Cumbria overview ...... 7 2.3.2 Allerdale ...... 9 2.3.3 Barrow-in-Furness ...... 10 2.3.4 Carlisle ...... 11 2.3.5 Copeland ...... 12 2.3.6 Eden ...... 13 2.3.7 South Lakeland ...... 14 3 Domestic abuse data: level of need and gaps ...... 16 3.1 DA incidents and homicides ...... 16 3.1.1 Incidents and crimes ...... 16 3.1.2 DA homicides ...... 19 3.1.3 DA Victims by Local Authority Area ...... 20 3.2 Demographics and socioeconomics – local findings ...... 22 3.2.1 Local Police and Crime Reports ...... 22 3.2.2 Local MARAC Reports ...... 25 3.2.3 Local IDVA data ...... 26 3.2.4 Statutory Homeless ...... 30 3.2.5 Referrals to DA safe accommodation service providers ...... 31 3.2.6 Demand for safe accommodation services ...... 59 3.3 Demographics and socioeconomics: national findings ...... 60 3.4 Protected characteristics ...... 60 4 Current services and assets...... 64 4.1 Overview: DA housing, support and quality standards ...... 64 4.2 DA Supported Accommodation Service Mapping ...... 66 4.2.1 Allerdale ...... 66 4.2.2 Barrow-in-Furness ...... 66 4.2.3 Carlisle ...... 67 4.2.4 Copeland ...... 67 4.2.5 Eden ...... 69 4.2.6 South Lakeland ...... 69

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4.3 Housing options ...... 70 4.3.1 Overview: moving on housing options ...... 70 4.3.2 Allerdale ...... 70 4.3.3 Barrow-in-Furness ...... 70 4.3.4 Carlisle ...... 71 4.3.5 Copeland ...... 71 4.3.6 Eden ...... 71 4.3.7 South Lakeland ...... 71 5 Case studies ...... 72 5.1 Pathway mapping – end to end support journey ...... 72 5.1.1 Allerdale ...... 72 5.1.2 Barrow-in-Furness ...... 73 5.1.3 Carlisle ...... 74 5.1.4 Copeland ...... 76 5.1.5 Eden ...... 77 5.1.6 South Lakeland ...... 78 5.1.7 Safety Net ...... 81 5.2 Service user personal experiences of support ...... 83 5.2.1 Allerdale ...... 83 5.2.2 Barrow-in-Furness ...... 83 5.2.3 Carlisle ...... 84 5.2.4 Copeland ...... 84 5.2.5 Eden ...... 85 5.2.6 South Lakeland ...... 86 5.2.7 Gateway for Women ...... 87 6 Appendices / supporting information ...... 92 6.1 Children’s Social Care – gaps in support for young victims ...... 92 7 Acronyms ...... 95 8 References / data sources ...... 96

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1 Introduction Domestic Abuse is defined under the Domestic Abuse Act 2021 as any incident or pattern of incidents of physical or sexual abuse, violent or threatening behaviour, controlling or coercive behaviour, economic abuse, psychological, emotional or other abuse between those aged 16 and over and personally connected to each other.

The Crime Survey for England and Wales (2020d) estimates that 5.5% of adults aged 16 to 74 years experienced domestic abuse in the year ending March 2020. There was a 7% increase nationally in the total number of domestic abuse-related offences recorded by the police in the year ending December 2020 compared to the previous year. Unlike other offences, domestic-abuse related offences did not decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, even this is likely to be an underestimate of the true figure as domestic abuse is widely believed to be under reported.

The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 places a statutory duty on Tier One local authorities to deliver support to victims of domestic abuse and their children residing with refuges and other safe accommodation and to assess the need for accommodation-based domestic abuse support in their area for all victims or their children, including those who require highly specialist support and those who come from outside the area.

The purpose of this document is to provide data around the needs of domestic abuse victims and their children seeking support in safe accommodation in Cumbria to inform the development of a strategy for the provision of accommodation-based domestic abuse support. Data look at a variety of factors including: ➢ Domestic abuse related incidents, crimes and homicides; ➢ Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of people referred to Cumbria’s safe accommodation service providers; ➢ Current services and assets; ➢ Housing options; ➢ Service user personal experiences of support.

The analysis is based on historic data and as such it is recognised that there are some gaps in data and potentially some data quality issues, especially around some demographic and socioeconomic characteristics that have not previously been routinely documented across all Cumbria’s safe accommodation service providers. It is also recognised that not all domestic abuse victims will need support in safe accommodation, but that some data provided may relate to wider domestic abuse or other support services and not specifically domestic abuse support provided within safe accommodation.

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2 Summary

2.1 Key issues Data provided for this domestic abuse needs assessment highlight the following:

Data gaps There are data gaps in some key areas: ➢ Household structure ➢ Housing tenure ➢ Type of abuse ➢ Household income ➢ Additional support needs ➢ Employment status ➢ Disability ➢ Immigration status ➢ Risk level ➢ Language and need for translator ➢ Children’s Services involvement ➢ Move on housing options ➢ Sexual identity;

Gaps in these areas could affect the ability to provide the most appropriate and timely services and support to domestic abuse victims. However, it is acknowledged that some data gaps may be attributable to the form used to submit data, the question and answer options may need to be reviewed in some cases (for example a ‘not applicable’ option needs to be added to questions such as “immigration status” and “Children’s Services involvement”. Other data gaps (eg household income or educational attainment) may be a result of data not previously routinely collected; arrangements are in place to ensure data are collected in future.

Poverty and deprivation There are links between poverty and deprivation and domestic abuse. Data, where available, show a large proportion of applicants referred to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation providers originate from communities considered to be more deprived. Data, again where available, show significant proportions of domestic abuse victims on low household income, claiming benefits and unemployed. Homelessness affects a significant proportion of people requiring support.

Complex needs Drug and alcohol misuse combined with domestic abuse and mental ill health are recognised nationally as factors that increase the risk of harm to adults and children in families. Significant proportions of domestic abuse victims accessing support services in Cumbria require support services in relation to these health issues.

Inequalities Domestic abuse is a gender biased crime. The data show the disproportionate impact on females.

Risk The rate of domestic abuse related safeguarding incidents and crimes is similar to or lower than that of the county’s similar police force areas, regional and national rates.

Where data are provided, a large proportion of domestic abuse victims are classified as at a High or Medium risk level. A large proportion of victims have dependent children.

The most common types of domestic abuse in Cumbria are: physical abuse, emotional abuse; controlling and coercive behaviour.

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Service provision There is understanding of commissioned services, but limited record of other third sector providers related to domestic abuse.

Under reporting Under reporting by groups with protected characteristics is potentially a problem, especially around male victims, those with disabilities, LGBTQ, young victims of domestic abuse (16-18 years) and older victims (those aged 65+).

What service users say Case studies paint a positive picture overall. There are some issues in relation to: ➢ Scaled back provision and changes in contact and support as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; ➢ Delays in putting services in place; ➢ Accommodation not being suitable / not feeling safe / difficult living in shared accommodation; ➢ Communication difficulties, various underlying causes (lack of trust; disability; language barriers).

2.2 Gaps in safe accommodation provision It is clear that there is a range of supported accommodation options and services that differs across Cumbria’s districts. Supported accommodation provision ranges from dispersed independent provision (with tailored in reach support during office hours), use of B&B out of hours / weekends (with no access to face to face support), bespoke independent safe house provision with additional security features (with tailored in reach support including evenings), to immediate access to safe provision with enhanced security features and 24 hour staffing on site. A summary of the accommodation available by district can be seen in Section 4.1 “Overview: DA housing, support and quality standards”.

Cumbria currently has access to 63 units of supported accommodation specifically for use for victims of domestic abuse, in additional to the wider temporary accommodation provision for homelessness, with 11 FTE specialist support officers supporting these units.

There are differences across the county in terms of access to immediate support out of hours. There is also limited accommodation for male victims and their children.

There are some gaps in provision by district. Almost two thirds (62.5%; 60) of referrals to Springfield in South Lakeland were unsuccessful / access denied 2020-21. This may be because Springfield takes women only, does not take those with high mental health needs or those with high substance misuse or alcohol abuse problems.

It is recognised that many of the providers did not routinely collect some of the data requested. Data will be collected on an ongoing quarterly basis in the future to further inform the needs assessment.

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2.3 Geographical differences in need across Cumbria

2.3.1 Cumbria overview Based on domestic abuse related crime in Cumbria in 2019-20: ➢ 9,394 domestic abuse related safeguarding incidents and crimes in Cumbria in 2019-20, a rate of 18.8 per 1,000 population. This is lower than both the North West and national (England and Wales) rates of 20.9 and 22.8 per 1,000 respectively. ➢ Victims of domestic abuse related crime in Cumbria in 2019-20 are predominantly White (85.6%; 5,451 crimes). 1.1% of crimes (67) involved victims of Asian / Black / Mixed / Other origin. Ethnicity is not known for 13.3% (850) of crimes. The most frequently occurring victim nationality (after the UK) is Poland (39 crimes) and Romania (10 crimes). Victims of domestic abuse related crimes in 2019-20 are most likely to be aged 25-44 years (51.7%; 3,293 crimes). ➢ 72.3% of domestic abuse related crimes in Cumbria in 2019-20 have female / transgender female victims (4,607 crimes).

The following is based on applicants referred to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21. ➢ 793 applications to domestic abuse supported accommodation service providers in 2020-21. ➢ 71.5% (567) applications for support originate from within Cumbria in 2020-21; 6.1% (48) are known to originate from out of County; the origins of over one fifth (22.4%; 178) are unknown. The largest volumes of out of county applications come from Lancashire (10 applications); Dumfriesshire (4); Greater Manchester (3); Tyne & Wear (3). ➢ 95.6% of applications in 2020-21 (758) are for victims of domestic abuse; 4.0% (32) are for perpetrators. Not known for 0.4% (3) ➢ Referral sources not known for 0.5% (4) in 2020-21. The largest proportion are self- referrals, making up over one third of all people seeking support (35.3%; 280). Professional referral – 3rd party make up 17.7% (140). ➢ The majority of the 47 known applications from out of county are self-referrals (36.2%; 17) and local authority referrals (19.1%; 9). ➢ Type of abuse data is not provided for 13.5% of applications (107). The top three abuse types are: physical abuse (52.3%; 415 of all applications); emotional abuse (15.9%; 126); controlling and coercive behaviour (9.3%; 74). These categories make up 77.6% (615) of all applications for support to Cumbria. ➢ Type of support provided is not known for 2.1% (17) of all applications. The largest data gap is in South Lakeland, where type of support is not known for 43.6% of applications to the district (17 applications). The main support provided is “follow on support – outreach in community” (56.5%; 448); however this could be affected by data from Women’s Community Matters which makes up 98.0% (347) of all support provided in Barrow-in-Furness. “Placed in TA under homeless duty” makes up 16.9% (134). ➢ Based on 587 cases either closed or ongoing at 31 March 2021, the average number of days each referral is supported is 49. The situation is variable across the county, from an average of 11 days in Carlisle, to 86 days in South Lakeland. There are no data for Allerdale. Applications originating in Cumbria are supported for 55 days on average; applications from out of county for 45 days on average. ➢ Applicant age is not known for 19.4% (154) of all cases. The largest data gap is in Copeland, where there is no data for 80.6% (87) of Copeland’s applicants. Over half of applicants are aged 25-44 years (51.5%; 408).

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➢ The majority of applicants are female (92.8%; 736); males make up 7.1% (56) overall. Males make up a larger proportion of out of county applicants (10.6%; 5) compared to male applicants from within Cumbria (5.6%; 32). ➢ There are large data gaps in 2020-21 around sexual identity, which is not recorded for 44.0% of Cumbria’s applicants (349). Almost half 48.0% (381) are shown as heterosexual; 1.1% (9) gay / lesbian. The largest data gap is in Barrow-in-Furness with no data provided for 97.7% (346) of applicants. ➢ The majority of applications are White British (92.4%; 733) with the highest proportion in Copeland (99.1%; 107). ➢ Immigration status is not provided for 99.1% (786) of applications; this could be in part down to the options on the form and the lack of a ‘not applicable’ option. Volume appears to be small overall (1 asylum seeker; 2 applications with family visa; 1 refugee; 2 applications with work/student/visit visas) ➢ Data for language and need for a translator is not provided for 77.7% (616) of applicants in 2020-21; this could be in part down to the options on the form and the lack of a ‘not applicable’ option. Volume appears to be small: 5 applicants required a translator in 2020-21. ➢ There are large data gaps around household structure, with no data provided for 43.1% (342) of applicants with the largest data gap in Barrow-in-Furness where household structure is not known for 96.6% (342) of all applicants to the district. Applicants with children make up 23.5% (186) of all applicants to Cumbria. Adults(s) and no child(ren) make up 33.4% (265) of all applicants. Applicants with no children make up a greater proportion of cases from out of county (44.7%; 21) compared to applicants within Cumbria (25.7%; 146). ➢ Housing tenure data are not provided for 14.5% (115 applicants) in 2020-21. The largest data gap is in Copeland (not stated for 74.1% (80) of applicants to the district). The majority of applicants are renting (Housing Association and Private Sector) (45.3%; 359). ➢ 49.1% (389) of all applicants in 2020-21 are thought to have dependents, ranging from 35.6% (26) in Allerdale to 59.9% (212) in Barrow-in-Furness. ➢ Household income data are not provided for 81.7% (648) of applicants in 2020-21. It should be noted that there was no requirement to collect household income data previously. Household income is less than £10,400 pa for 5.7% of applicants (45). Household income is more likely to be less than £10,400 for out of county applicants (14.9%; 7) than for applicants within Cumbria (6.3%; 36). Household income is £10,400 to less than £20,800 for 3.9% of all applicants (31). ➢ No benefits data are available for 45.3% (359) of applicants in 2020-21. No benefits data for 97.2% (344) of all applicants in Barrow-in-Furness. Overall 45.9% receiving benefits (364 applicants). The proportion receiving benefits is greater amongst applicants from out of county (72.3%; 34) compared to applicants from within Cumbria (35.1%; 199). ➢ From the postcode data provided for 29.8% (236) of applicants, just over one fifth of these applicants (22.0%, 52) originate from communities (Lower Super Output Areas, (LSOAs)) that rank within the 10% most deprived in England according to the Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2019. Over half of these applicants (58.1%; 137) come from LSOAs ranking within the 30% most deprived in England. ➢ Disability data are not provided for 44.0% (349) of applicants. The largest data gap is in Barrow-in-Furness; no data for 97.7% (346) of all applicants to the district. 4.4% (35) of all applicants are disabled. Applicants from out of county are more likely to be disabled (12.8%; 6) compared to 4.6% (26) from within Cumbria.

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➢ No employment status data are available for 45.3% of applicants in 2020-21 (359). The largest data gap is in Barrow-in-Furness, with no data provided for 97.7% (346) of applicants to the district. One quarter of applicants overall are unemployed (24.7%; 196). ➢ There are no health issues data for 55.1% of applicants (437). Barrow-in-Furness has no data for 97.5% (345) of applicants; Copeland no data for 64.8% (70). Mental health is the biggest issue overall (23.8%; 189 applicants) ➢ There is no substance / alcohol misuse data for 13.7% of applicants (109). Copeland no data for 80.6% (87) of all applicants to the district. Alcohol abuse, substance misuse or abuse of both alcohol and substances affect 23.5% of all applicants in 2020-21 (186). ➢ Additional support needs data are not provided for 67.2% of applicants (533). The largest data gaps are in Barrow-in-Furness (97.5%; 345 of all applicants to the district) and Copeland (82.4%; 89 of the district’s applicants). The top 5 needs across the county are: mental health (8.3%; 66); homelessness (3.8%; 30); complex needs (3.2%; 25); offending history (2.0%; 16); care leaver (1.1%; 9). ➢ There are no risk level data for 22.4% of applicants (178). The largest data gaps occur in Copeland with no data provided for 95.4% (103) of all applicants to the district, and South Lakeland with data not provided for 92.3% (36). Overall 18.8% are High Risk (149) in 2020-21; 26.6% are Medium Risk (211). ➢ Data regarding Children’s Services involvement has not been provided for 21.8% (173) of all applicants in 2020-21. Where it is known that DA victims have dependents (389 applicants) data is missing from 28.0% (109) of these records. South Lakeland has the largest data gap, with status either unknown or not provided for 85.7% (12/14) of applicants thought to have dependents. There is current Children’s Services involvement in 149 cases (18.8% of all applicants). ➢ No data are provided for previous / current involvement with support services for 32.8% of all applicants (260). Copeland has no data for 85.2% (92) of all applicants to the district. Multiple support services are required for 12.7% of all applicants (101). Social worker support for 9.3% (74). Third sector support for 6.9% (55).

2.3.2 Allerdale ➢ 1,790 domestic abuse related safeguarding incidents and crimes in Cumbria in 2019-20, a rate of 18.3 per 1,000 population, lower than both the North West (20.9) and England & Wales (22.8). ➢ Allerdale has the largest proportion of domestic abuse related crime in 2019-20 with a male / transgender male victim (29.8%; 373 crimes). ➢ Largest proportion of high risk domestic violence with sexual violence cases supported by Victim Support in 2019-20, making up 87.1% (115) of all cases in the district. ➢ Statutory Homelessness support needs of households owed a prevention or relief duty 2019-20: the proportion in Allerdale either “at risk of or has experienced domestic abuse” (12.0%; 44) is higher than the proportions in both the North West (10.0%) and England (9.3%).

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➢ Allerdale has the second largest proportion of applications for physical abuse, making up 68.5% of applications to the district (50). ➢ Allerdale has the largest proportion of controlling and coercive behaviour applications, making up over one fifth of all applications to the district (21.9%; 16). ➢ Allerdale has the largest proportion of applications refused access to accommodation by victim (50.7%; 37). ➢ Largest proportion of applications ”placed in TA under homeless duty”, making up 46.6% (34) of all applications to the district. ➢ Allerdale has the second largest proportion of applicants aged 25-44 years (56.2%; 41). ➢ Allerdale has the second largest proportion of male applicants (15.1%; 11) making up one fifth (19.6%) of all male applicants to Cumbria. ➢ Allerdale has the largest proportion of gay / lesbian applicants in 2020-21 (5.5%; 4), making up 44.4% of all applications by gay / lesbian people to the county. ➢ One third of applicants to Allerdale in 2020-21 have children (31.5%; 23). ➢ Housing tenure - largest proportion of homeless applicants 2020-21 in Allerdale (12.3%; 9) and the largest proportion of rough sleeping (4.1%;3). ➢ Allerdale has the largest proportion of applicants in 2020-21 with no dependents (64.4%; 47). ➢ Almost three quarters of applicants in 2020-21 are receiving benefits (72.6%; 53). ➢ The largest proportion of applicants who are unemployed in 2020-21 is in Allerdale (72.6%; 53). ➢ Two fifths of applicants in 2020-21 have mental health issues (39.7%; 29). ➢ Over one fifth of applicants affected by alcohol abuse, substance misuse or abuse / misuse of both in 2020-21 (21.9%; 16). ➢ Over one third of applicants in 2020-21 are Medium or High Risk (34.2%; 25). ➢ The two main support services involved in Allerdale in 2020-21 (either previous or current) are mental health worker (23.3%; 17) and drug and alcohol support (12.3%; 9).

2.3.3 Barrow-in-Furness ➢ Highest rate of all Cumbria’s districts for domestic abuse related safeguarding incidents and crimes 2019-20 (27.6 per 1,000). The rate in Barrow-in-Furness (27.6) is higher than the 2019-20 rate in England & Wales (22.8 per 1,000) and the rate in the North West (20.9 per 1,000). ➢ Barrow-in-Furness has the second largest proportion of domestic abuse related crimes in 2019-20 with a male / transgender male victim (29.2%; 344 crimes). ➢ Statutory Homelessness support needs of households owed a prevention or relief duty 2019-20: Barrow-in-Furness has the second largest percentage “at risk of or has experienced domestic abuse” (16.0%; 53); this is higher than the proportion in the North West (10.0%) and 1.7 times higher than the proportion in England (9.3%).

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➢ 98.0% of applications in 2020-21 (347) provided with “follow on support – outreach in the community”. ➢ Average support time per referral averaged 65 days in 2020-21. ➢ Barrow-in-Furness has the largest proportion of applicants aged 25-44 years (62.7%; 222); this is higher than the county average of 51.5%. ➢ All applicants to services in Barrow-in-Furness in 2020-21 are female (100%; 354). ➢ Data gap in Barrow-in-Furness around sexual identity; no data provided for 97.7% (346) of applicants in 2020-21. ➢ 1.4% (5) applicants in Barrow-in-Furness in 2020-21 are of Black / African / Caribbean / Black British ethnicity; this represents 71.4% of the total applications to the county from these ethnicities. ➢ Immigration status - 1 asylum seeker in Barrow-in-Furness. ➢ Housing tenure – the largest proportion of applicants in rented accommodation in 2020-21 are in Barrow-in-Furness (62.7%; 222). ➢ Barrow-in-Furness has the largest proportion of applicants in 2020-21 with dependents (59.9%; 212). ➢ Over one fifth of applicants affected by alcohol abuse, substance misuse or abuse / misuse of both in 2020-21 (22.6%; 80). ➢ Largest proportion of Medium Risk applicants in Barrow-in-Furness in 2020-21 (40.7%; 144). ➢ Largest proportion of applicants in 2020-21 with current Children’s Services involvement in Barrow-in-Furness (28.5% of all applicants; 101). ➢ The two main support services involvement in Barrow-in-Furness in 2020-21 (either previous or current) are multiple support services (11.6%; 41) and Third Sector support (11.3%; 40).

2.3.4 Carlisle ➢ Second highest rate for domestic abuse related safeguarding incidents and crimes 2019-20 (22.5 per 1,000 population). Carlisle’s rate (22.5 per 1,000) is similar to England & Wales (22.8) and higher than the North West (20.9) ➢ One quarter of domestic abuse related crimes in Carlisle in 2019-20 have a male / transgender male victim (25.7%; 446 crimes). ➢ Carlisle has the second largest proportion of the county’s domestic abuse related crimes in 2019-20 involving Romanian and Polish victims (38.8%; 19/49 crimes). ➢ Statutory Homelessness support needs of households owed a prevention or relief duty 2019-20: the proportion in Carlisle either “at risk of or has experienced domestic abuse” (10.3%; 52) is similar to the proportion in the North West (10.0%) and higher than the proportion in England (9.3%).

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➢ Carlisle has the largest proportion of applicants who were “refused access to accommodation by provider” in other areas of the county before applying to Carlisle (15.3%; 27). ➢ Average support time per referral is shortest in Carlisle, averaging 11 days in 2020-21. ➢ Almost one fifth of applicants to Carlisle are aged 19-24 years (19.3%; 34). ➢ Carlisle has the largest proportion of male applicants (18.8%; 33) making up almost three fifths (58.9%) of all make applicants to Cumbria. ➢ 2.3% (4) of Carlisle’s applicants in 2020-21 are gay / lesbian; this makes up 44.4% of all applications by gay / lesbian people to the county. ➢ Carlisle has the largest proportion of applicants from Any Other White Background (6.3%;11); this makes up 57.9% of Any Other White Background applicants in Cumbria. ➢ Immigration status - 1 referral with family visa in Carlisle. ➢ 2.3% (4) of applications had need of a translator in 2020-21. ➢ Almost four fifths of applicants in 2020-21 have children (38.6%; 68); this is higher than the Cumbria average (23.5%). ➢ One in ten applicants to Carlisle in 2020-21 are homeless (10.8%; 19); this is higher than the county average (6.9%). ➢ 61.9% of applicants to Carlisle in 2020-21 have no dependents (109); this is higher than the Cumbria average (48.4%). ➢ Second largest proportion of applicants in 2020-21 receiving benefits in Carlisle (81.3%; 143). ➢ In 2020-21 6.8% of applicants are disabled (12). ➢ Carlisle has the largest proportion of applicants in 2020-21 who are retired (6.8%; 12); this is 3.4 times the average for all applicants (2.0%). ➢ Second largest proportion of applicants with mental health issues in Carlisle in 2020-21 (51.1%; 90). ➢ Largest proportion of applicants affected by alcohol abuse, substance misuse or abuse / misuse of both in 2020-21 (35.2%; 62). ➢ Additional support needs - Carlisle has the largest proportion of applicants in 2020-21 with mental health needs (37.5%; 66), the largest proportion of applicants with complex needs (14.2%; 25) and the largest proportion of care leavers (4.5%; 8). ➢ Largest proportion of High Risk applicants in 2020-21 in Carlisle (44.3%; 78). ➢ 17.0% (30) of all applicants to Carlisle in 2020-21 have current Children’s Services involvement. ➢ Almost one quarter of Carlisle’s applicants in 2020-21 require multiple support services (24.4%; 43) and a further 23.9% (42) require social worker support.

2.3.5 Copeland ➢ 1,287 domestic abuse related safeguarding incidents and crimes in Cumbria in 2019-20, a rate of 18.9 per 1,000 population; this is lower than both the North West rate (20.9) and England & Wales rate (22.8). ➢ Over a quarter of domestic abuse related crimes in Copeland in 2019-20 have a male / transgender male victim (28.2%; 253 crimes). ➢ Statutory Homelessness support needs of households owed a prevention or relief duty 2019-20: the proportion in Copeland either “at risk of or has experienced domestic abuse” (14.6%; 52) is higher than the proportion in the North West (10.0%) and 1.6 times higher than the proportion in England (9.3%).

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The following is based on applicants referred to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21. Unless otherwise stated, percentages refer to the proportion of the referrals made to the district, not the percentage of referrals across the whole county. ➢ The geographical origins of 83.3% (90) applications to Copeland for support in 2020-21 are unknown. ➢ There is no ‘type of abuse’ data for 94.4% (102) of applications to Copeland in 2020-21. ➢ “Follow on support – outreach in the community” is the type of support provided to the majority of Copeland’s applicants in 2020-21 (76.9%; 83). ➢ Average support time per referral averaged 49 days in 2020-21. ➢ There are gaps in applicant age data. Not known for 80.6% (87) of Copeland’s applicants. ➢ 94.4% (102) of applicants to Copeland in 2020-21 are female; this is slightly higher than the county average (92.8%). ➢ Copeland has the highest proportion of White British applications (99.1%; 107). ➢ Immigration status - 1 applicant with family visa in Copeland. ➢ Largest proportion of Single Adult and Child(ren) applicants (44.4%; 48). ➢ 44.4% (48) of applicants in 2020-21 in Copeland have dependents. ➢ Largest proportion of applicants in 2020-21 receiving benefits in Copeland (98.1%; 106). ➢ Copeland has the largest proportion of applicants in 2020-21 who are looking after family / home (37.0%; 40); this is 3.6 times the average for all applicants (10.3%). ➢ One quarter of applicants in 2020-21 have mental health issues (25.0%; 27).

2.3.6 Eden ➢ Eden has the second lowest rate for domestic abuse related safeguarding incidents and crimes 2019-20 across Cumbria’s districts (12.1 per 1,000 population); this is lower than the rate for the North West (20.9 per 1,000) and England & Wales (22.8 per 1,000). ➢ Eden has the second largest proportion of domestic abuse related crimes in 2019-20 with a victim of Asian / Black / Mixed / Other ethnicity (1.5%; 7 crimes). ➢ Joint largest proportion with South Lakeland of domestic abuse related crimes in 2019-20 with female / transgender female victims (75.2%; 343 crimes). ➢ Eden has the largest proportion of domestic abuse related crimes in 2019-20 with victims aged 0-15 years (6.6%; 30 crimes). ➢ Second largest proportion of high risk domestic violence with sexual violence cases supported by Victim Support in 2019-20, making up 86.7% (39) of all cases in the district. ➢ Statutory Homelessness support needs of households owed a prevention or relief duty 2019-20: Eden has the largest percentage “at risk of or has experienced domestic abuse” (31.9%; 52); this is higher than the proportion in the North West (10.0%) and 3.4 times higher than the proportion in England (9.3%).

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➢ Average support time per referral averaged 43 days in 2020-21. ➢ 55.8% (24) of applicants are aged 24-44 years in Eden; this proportion is slightly higher than the county average (51.5%). ➢ Eden has the second largest proportions of applicants in 2020-21 from Any Other White Background (4.7%; 2). A further 4.7% (2) are from Other Ethnic Group. ➢ Immigration status - 1 refugee and 1 referral with work/student/visit visa in Eden. ➢ Second largest proportion of Single Adult and Child(ren) applicants in 2020-21 (44.2%; 19). ➢ Housing tenure - Eden has a higher proportion of applicants in 2020-21 who are owner / occupiers (14.0%; 6) than the county average (9.2%). ➢ Over half the applicants to Eden in 2020-21 have dependents (51.2%; 22); this is higher than the Cumbria average (49.1%). ➢ Two fifths of applicants in Eden in 2020-21 have household income of less than £10,400 pa (41.9%; 18). ➢ In 2020-21 7.0% of applicants to Eden are disabled (3). ➢ Two fifths of applicants in 2020-21 have mental health issues (39.5%; 17). ➢ Second largest proportion of applicants affected by alcohol abuse, substance misuse or abuse / misuse of both in 2020-21 (32.6%; 14). ➢ Additional support needs - Eden has the largest proportion of homeless applicants in 2020-21 (37.2%; 16). ➢ Second largest proportion of High Risk applicants in Eden in 2020-21 (32.6%; 14). ➢ Second largest proportion of applicants in 2020-21 with current Children’s Services involvement in Eden (27.9%; 12). ➢ The two main support services involved in Eden in 2020-21 (either previous or current) are Social Worker support (11.6%; 5) and multiple support services (9.3%; 4).

2.3.7 South Lakeland ➢ South Lakeland has the lowest rate for domestic abuse related safeguarding incidents and crimes 2019-20 of all Cumbria’s districts (11.8 per 1,000 population); this is lower than the rate for the North West (20.9 per 1,000) and England & Wales (22.8 per 1,000). ➢ South Lakeland has the largest proportion of domestic abuse related crimes in 2019-20 with victims of Asian / Black / Mixed / Other ethnicity (1.9%; 15 crimes). ➢ Joint largest proportion with Eden of domestic abuse related crimes in 2019-20 with female / transgender female victims (75.2%; 608 crimes). ➢ South Lakeland has the largest proportion of the county’s domestic abuse related crimes in 2019-20 involving Romanian and Polish victims (51.0%; 25/49 crimes). ➢ Largest proportion of high risk domestic violence cases supported by Victim Support in 2019-20, making up 1.7% (3) of all cases. ➢ Statutory Homelessness support needs of households owed a prevention or relief duty 2019-20: the proportion in South Lakeland either “at risk of or has experienced domestic abuse” (11.0%; 38) is higher than the proportions in both the North West (10.0%) and England (9.3%).

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also the largest proportion of applications from out of county making up 46.2% (18) of all applications to the district. ➢ South Lakeland has 6.3% of the county’s perpetrator applications in 2020-21 (2), making up 5.1% of all applications to the district. ➢ Almost half of all applications to South Lakeland in 2020-21 are self-referrals, making up 48.7% (19) of all applications to the district. ➢ One fifth of applications to South Lakeland in 2020-21 are for controlling and coercive behaviour (20.5%; 8). ➢ Controlling and coercive behaviour, emotional and physical abuse make up 76.9% (30) of all applications to South Lakeland in 2020-21. ➢ Type of support provided is not known for 43.6% (17) of applications to South Lakeland. Longer term safe accommodation (no duty). “Longer term safe accommodation (no duty)” is the most frequent type of support provided in South Lakeland (30.8% of applicants; 12). ➢ Average support time per referral is longest in South Lakeland, averaging 86 days in 2020-21. ➢ South Lakeland has the largest proportion of applicants aged 19-24 years in 2020-21 (23.1%; 9). ➢ Immigration status - 1 referral with work/student/visit visa in South Lakeland. ➢ One applicant required a translator in South Lakeland in 2020-21 (2.6% of all applicants to South Lakeland). ➢ Almost half of applicants in 2020-21 have children (48.7%; 19); this is more than twice the Cumbria average (23.5%). ➢ Housing tenure – South Lakeland has the highest proportion of applicants in 2020-21 who are owner / occupiers (25.6%; 10); this is higher than the county average (9.2%). ➢ 64.1% of applicants to South Lakeland in 2020-21 have no dependents (25); this is higher than the Cumbria average (48.4%). ➢ One third of applicants in South Lakeland in 2020-21 have household income less than £10,400 in 2020-21 (35.9%; 14). ➢ Three quarters of applicants in 2020-21 are receiving benefits (76.9%; 30). ➢ The largest proportion of disabled applicants in 2020-21 are in South Lakeland (43.6% disabled; 17 out of 39 applicants). ➢ Second largest proportion of unemployed applicants in South Lakeland (69.2%; 27). ➢ Largest proportions of applicants with mental health issues in South Lakeland in 2020-21 (53.8%; 21). ➢ Just over one fifth of applicants affected by alcohol abuse, substance misuse or abuse / misuse of both in 2020-21 (20.5%; 8). ➢ Additional support needs - South Lakeland has the largest proportion of applicants in 2020-21 with offending history (7.7%; 3). ➢ Multiple and Third Sector support are the two main support services involved (either previous or current) in South Lakeland in 2020-21 (both 15.4%; 6).

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3 Domestic abuse data: level of need and gaps

3.1 DA incidents and homicides

3.1.1 Incidents and crimes

Domestic abuse-related incidents and crimes: Cumbria compared to regional, national and statistically similar police force areas

There were 9,260 domestic abuse related incidents and crimes in Cumbria in 2019-20, a rate of 18.5 per 1,000 population. In a comparison of 42 police force areas in England and Wales, Cumbria is ranked as having the 15th lowest rate placing the county within the second lowest quintile overall.

Source: Office for National Statistics (2020b)

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Cumbria’s rate of domestic abuse-related crimes and incidents in 2019-20 (18.5 per 1,000 population) is similar or lower than that of the county’s similar police force areas, the North West and England and Wales.

Source: Office for National Statistics (2020b)

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Domestic abuse-related crimes as a percentage of all domestic abuse incidents and crimes combined: Cumbria compared to regional, national and statistically similar police force areas

Domestic abuse related crimes as a percentage of all domestic abuse-related incidents and crimes was 67.3% in Cumbria in 2019-20, lower than for the North West (75.1%) but higher than that of England and Wales (58.9%).

Source: Office for National Statistics (2020b)

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Domestic abuse related crimes as a percentage of all crimes in 2019-20

Domestic abuse-related crime as a percentage of all crimes in 2019-20 was 16.3% in Cumbria, a smaller proportion than for Cumbria’s similar police force areas and the North West, but a larger proportion than that of England and Wales (15.2%).

Source: Office for National Statistics (2020b)

3.1.2 DA homicides In total, three homicides were recorded as domestic homicide in Cumbria between March 2017 and March 2019, all female victims aged 16 years and over (Office for National Statistics, 2020a).

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3.1.3 DA Victims by Local Authority Area

Note: It is recognised that the ONS figures for DA incidents and crimes for Cumbria shown in Section 3.1.1 vary slightly from the figures provided within this section (9,260 vs 9,394) as a district breakdown has been provided at a later date. The is due to a number of factors, but particularly with the changes to counting rules around harassment and coercive and controlling behaviour offences; work has been ongoing by the police to identify and record these additional crimes.

Data suggest that domestic violence is most prevalent in the Barrow-in-Furness and Carlisle districts, with 27.6 recorded crimes and incidents per 1,000 population in 2019-20 in Barrow- in-Furness, and 22.5 per 1,000 population in Carlisle. The rate in Barrow-in-Furness is higher than that of the North West region (20.9 per 1,000) and that of England and Wales (22.8 per 1,000).

National research suggests that deprivation can be a contributing factor to domestic violence (ONS, 2018). Barrow-in-Furness has 12 Lower Super Output Areas (LSOAs) that are within the 10% most deprived in England in terms of Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). There are a further seven LSOAs within the 10% most deprived in Allerdale, four in Carlisle and three in Copeland. Eden and South Lakeland, the two districts with the lowest rate of domestic violence incidents, have no LSOAs within the 10% most deprived in England (MHCLG, 2019).

Both Barrow-in-Furness and Carlisle districts are estimated to have higher proportions of households with annual household income of less than £10,000 than the national average. This is estimated to affect 12.0% of households in Barrow-in-Furness and 11.8% of households in Carlisle, compared to the England average of 8.4%. However the highest proportions are seen in Allerdale (12.8%) and Copeland (13.3%) (CACI Ltd, 2020).

Barrow-in-Furness and Carlisle are likely to have higher proportions of people classified as ACORN socio-economic category “urban adversity” than Cumbria’s other districts (27.0% and 16.0% respectively) (CACI Ltd, 2020).

DV Crimes and Incidents 2019-20

DA TOTAL DA safeguarding DA Safeguardin Rate Geography records with incidents g & Incidents 2019-20 no crimes 2019-20

Allerdale 539 1,251 1,790 18.3 Barrow 670 1,180 1,850 27.6 Carlisle 713 1,737 2,450 22.5 Copeland 389 898 1,287 18.9 Eden 190 456 646 12.1 South Lakeland 431 809 1,240 11.8 Cumbria 3,026 6,368 9,394 18.8 North West 23,478 70,766 94,244 20.9 England & Wales 529,077 758,941 1,288,018 22.8 Source: Cumbria data - Cumbria Constabulary 2021; regional & national data – ONS 2020b

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Domestic Violence Crimes and Incidents (rate per 1,000 population 2019-20) 30.0 27.6

25.0 22.5 18.9 20.0 18.3

15.0 12.1 11.8

10.0 Rate per 1,000 per Rate 5.0

0.0 Allerdale Barrow Carlisle Copeland Eden South Lakeland

Cumbria (18.8 per 1,000) North West (20.9 per 1,000) England & Wales (22.8 per 1,000)

Source: Cumbria data - Cumbria Constabulary 2021; regional & national data – ONS 2020b

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3.2 Demographics and socioeconomics – local findings

3.2.1 Local Police and Crime Reports There were 6,368 domestic abuse crimes recorded by Cumbria Constabulary in 2019-20, and 3,026 domestic abuse related incidents. The characteristics in this section are based on victims on domestic abuse crimes.

3.2.1.1 Ethnicity Cumbria DA Victims 2019-20 by ethnicity (broad) 90.0% 85.6% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0%

20.0% 13.3% 10.0% 0.3% 0.2% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0% Grand Total

Asian Black Mixed Not stated Other White

Source: Cumbria Constabulary 2021

DA Victims - Barrow- Ethnicity by in- South district Allerdale Furness Carlisle Copeland Eden Lakeland Cumbria Asian 0.0% 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% 1.3% 0.6% 0.3% Black 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% Mixed 0.5% 0.2% 0.4% 0.7% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% Not stated 9.1% 13.3% 15.9% 11.5% 14.0% 15.0% 13.3% Other 0.2% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.6% 0.2% White 90.2% 86.4% 83.0% 87.2% 84.4% 83.2% 85.6% Cumbria total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: Cumbria Constabulary 2021

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3.2.1.2 Nationality Domestic abuse victims 2019-20, by nationality Nationality Count Nationality Count United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2,439 Egypt 2 Poland 39 Philippines 2 Romania 10 Ukraine 2 British Subject 7 United States of America 2 Lithuania 5 Brazil 1 Bulgaria 4 Finland 1 Ireland 4 Iraq 1 Syrian Arab Republic 4 Italy 1 Latvia 3 Malta 1 Nigeria 3 New Zealand 1 Pakistan 3 Portugal 1 Turkey 3 South Africa 1 Afghanistan 2 Thailand 1 Bangladesh 2 Unknown 3,821 China 2 Source: Cumbria Constabulary 2021

Polish and Romanian victims of domestic abuse related crime in Cumbria in 2019-20 are the largest group after those from the UK. South Lakeland has just over half of all Cumbria’s Polish and Romanian domestic abuse victims of crime (51.0%; 25) followed by Carlisle with almost two fifths (38.8%; 19).

3.2.1.3 Gender Cumbria, domestic abuse victims of crime by gender 2019-20

80.0% 72.3% 70.0%

60.0%

50.0% 40.0%

30.0% 27.3%

20.0% Proportion of victims of Proportion 10.0% 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% Female / Transgender Male / Transgender Male Not Specified Unknown Female

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Cumbria, domestic abuse victims of crime by gender and district 2019-20 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% Proportion of victims of Proportion 0.0% Female / Transgender Male / Transgender Male Not Specified Unknown Female

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Cumbria Constabulary 2021

3.2.1.4 Age range Cumbria, domestic abuse victims of crime 2019-20 by age range 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 0-15 years 16 to 18 19-24 years 25-34 years 35-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years 65-74 years 75+ years years

Source: Cumbria Constabulary 2021

Domestic abuse victims of crime 2019-20 by age range and district 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 0-15 years 16 to 18 19-24 years 25-34 years 35-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years 65-74 years 75+ years years

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%) Cumbria (%)

Source: Cumbria Constabulary 2021

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Almost one third of victims of domestic abuse related crimes in 2019-20 in Cumbria are aged 25-34 years (29.8%; 1,897). A further fifth (21.9%; 1,396) are aged 35-44 years. Together these age bands make up over half of all victims of domestic abuse related crimes in 2019-20 in Cumbria (51.7%; 3,293).

Carlisle has the largest proportion of domestic abuse related victims of crime in 2019-20 aged 25-44 years (53.5%). Eden has the largest proportion of victims of domestic abuse related crime aged 75+ years (3.7%; 17). Eden has the largest proportion of domestic abuse related victims of crime in 2019-20 aged 0-15 years (6.6%; 30).

3.2.2 Local MARAC Reports Data are not available at district level.

Number of Number of Recommended cases per Number of Percentage Number of Number of Area Name cases number of 10,000 repeat of repeat children in Maracs discussed cases adult cases cases household females

England and Wales 247 99,447 92,710 42.9 30,930 31.1 124,569 North West 33 17,275 11,230 61.5 5,263 30.5 20,905 Cheshire 4 1,872 1,730 43.3 555 29.6 2,499 Cumbria 3 808 850 37.9 213 26.4 692 Greater Manchester1 11 6,880 3,860 71.2 2,460 35.8 7,748 Lancashire 10 3,045 2,440 50.0 616 20.2 3,274 Merseyside 5 4,670 2,350 79.4 1,419 30.4 6,692 Similar Police Force Areas to Cumbria Lincolnshire 2 996 1,220 32.5 203 20.4 1,237 Norfolk 3 1,176 1,460 32.0 353 30.0 1,294 North Wales 6 1,404 1,160 48.5 437 31.1 2,448 1Data for Wigan are not included as this Marac did not submit data to SafeLives Source: SafeLives 2020

Proportion Proportion of cases of cases Proportion with black Male Female where the of cases Area Name ethnic victims % victims % victim had with LBGT minority a victims (BME) disability victims England and Wales 0.1 99.9 15.7 6.6 1.3 North West 5.7 94.3 10.6 4.3 1.0 Cheshire 4.9 95.1 6.9 16.6 0.7 Cumbria 8.8 91.2 5.1 1.5 0.5 Greater Manchester1 5.5 94.5 17.7 2.8 1.3 Lancashire 6.3 93.7 3.9 0.2 0.8 Merseyside 5.4 94.6 7.0 4.6 0.9 Similar Police Force Areas to Cumbria Lincolnshire 7.8 92.2 11.9 15.8 0.7 Norfolk 4.5 95.5 6.4 12.2 1.3 North Wales 8.3 91.7 4.0 1.7 1.3 1Data for Wigan are not included as this Marac did not submit data to SafeLives Source: SafeLives 2020

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3.2.3 Local IDVA data

3.2.3.1 Victim Support – Domestic Violence cases Data source for this section: Victim Support, 2020

All cases referred to Victim Support will be eligible for an offer of support but not all individuals will take up that offer of support, and despite best efforts Victim Support may not always be able to successfully contact a victim. This is the reason for the difference between the number of valid cases and the number of people supported in the table below. The number of people supported refers to those who have received a service from Victim Support.

Data for 2018-19 covered medium and high risk cases only. Data prior to 2018-19 was provided by ‘Let Go’. It is therefore not possible to make a direct comparison between 2019- 20 and previous years.

Victim Support - 2019-20 Number Victim Support Number of Number of valid and supported of valid supported cases* domestic violence cases, 2019-20 cases 1,000 882 Allerdale 577 261 800 577 551 Barrow-in-Furness 551 212 600 437 387 261 329 Carlisle 882 329 400 212 207 163 178 200 75 Copeland 437 207 0 Eden 163 75 South Lakeland 387 178 Area not given 40 19 Out of area 14 5 Number of valid cases Number of supported cases Cumbria 3,051 1,286 *Valid cases = the individual number of cases referred.

Victim Support also support cases of domestic violence with sexual violence. These cases are not included within this section and can be viewed in the following section.

Victim Support, Cumbria - proportion of domestic violence supported cases by risk level, 2019-20

100.0% 44.3% 46.5% 80.0% 49.4% 48.8% 57.3% 58.4% 60.0% 40.0% 55.2% 52.6% 50.2% 50.7% 41.3% 39.9% 20.0% 0.9% 1.3% 1.7% 0.0% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% % Allerdale % Barrow % Carlisle % Copeland % Eden % South Lakes

High risk Medium risk Standard risk

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Victim Support, Cumbria's Districts: % of supported domestic violence cases by age range, 2019-20

40.0%

30.0%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0% <12 13 to 17 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75+

Allerdale Barrow-in-Furness Carlisle Copeland Eden South Lakeland

Victim Support, Cumbria: % of supported domestic violence cases by gender, 2019-20 100.0% 76.6% 80.0%

60.0%

40.0% 20.5% 20.0% 2.7% 0.2% 0.0%

Female Male Other Trans/Non-Binary

Victim Support, Cumbria: % of supported domestic violence cases by ethnicity, 2019-20

White Other 1.4% White British 73.2% Other Ethnic Group 0.2% Not stated 24.6% Mixed/Multiple Ethnic Groups 0.2% Black/African/Caribbean/Black British 0.3% Asian/Asian British 0.2%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0%

% supported cases

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3.2.3.2 Victim Support – Domestic Violence with Sexual Violence cases Data source for this section: Victim Support, 2020 It should be noted that the cases illustrated below are in addition to the domestic violence cases supported by Victim Support in the previous section.

Victim Support Number of valid and supported domestic violence with sexual violence cases, 2019-20 276 300 250 219 200 145 164 132 124 112 150 101 109 85 100 51 45 50 0

Number of valid cases Number of supported cases

Victim Support, Cumbria - proportion of domestic violence with sexual violence supported cases by risk level, 2019-20

100.0% 10.6% 10.9% 8.9% 11.8% 12.1% 13.2% 4.4% 2.3% 5.6% 6.4% 4.0% 7.1% 80.0% 60.0% 87.1% 82.3% 85.1% 86.7% 81.2% 40.0% 79.9% 20.0% 0.0% % Allerdale % Barrow % Carlisle % Copeland % Eden % South Lakes

High risk Medium risk Standard risk

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Victim Support, Cumbria's Districts: % of supported domestic violence with sexual violence cases by age range, 2019-20

50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% <12 13 to 17 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75+

Allerdale Barrow-in-Furness Carlisle Copeland Eden South Lakeland

Victim Support, Cumbria: % of supported domestic violence with sexual violence cases by gender, 2019-20

100.0% 88.4%

80.0%

60.0%

40.0%

20.0% 7.5% 3.8% 0.3% 0.0%

Female Male Other Trans/Non-Binary

Victim Support, Cumbria: % of supported domestic violence with sexual violence cases by ethnicity, 2019-20

White Other 2.9% White British 74.9% Other Ethnic Group 0.3% Not stated 20.2% Mixed/Multiple Ethnic Groups 0.4% Black/African/Caribbean/Black British 0.4% Asian/Asian British 0.8% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0%

% supported cases

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3.2.4 Statutory Homeless It should be noted that not all of the domestic abuse cases would be captured via a statutory response at the time, most would be recorded as triage / advice cases especially where victims are being supported within the community. Some caution therefore needs to be applied to these data. Barrow-in- South Support needs of households owed a Allerdale Carlisle Copeland Eden North West England Furness Lakeland prevention or relief duty 2019-20 (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) History of mental health problems 41.7% 59.3% 36.6% 60.6% 47.2% 39.1% 26.2% 22.8% Physical ill health and disability 21.3% 30.4% 24.3% 32.1% 29.4% 25.8% 15.6% 14.5% At risk of / has experienced domestic abuse 12.0% 16.0% 10.3% 14.6% 31.9% 11.0% 10.0% 9.3% Offending history 20.2% 32.8% 25.9% 24.8% 29.4% 17.1% 10.5% 7.7% History of repeat homelessness 14.7% 33.7% 16.8% 24.5% 17.2% 10.4% 8.2% 6.3% Drug dependency needs 17.2% 16.0% 14.2% 15.5% 11.7% 5.8% 7.2% 5.8%

History of rough sleeping 10.4% 16.3% 9.9% 16.1% 16.0% 4.3% 6.4% 5.1% Alcohol dependency needs 9.8% 10.2% 8.5% 11.3% 10.4% 9.0% 5.1% 4.3% Learning disability 3.5% 19.6% 5.7% 7.6% 11.0% 6.1% 4.5% 4.3% Young person aged 18-25 years requiring support to manage independently 3.3% 8.1% 2.0% 7.6% 7.4% 5.5% 4.2% 4.0% Access to education, employment or training 0.8% 13.3% 1.2% 2.3% 8.0% 1.4% 3.1% 2.7% At risk of / has experienced abuse (non- domestic abuse) 1.6% 7.2% 1.2% 4.2% 9.2% 2.9% 3.2% 2.5% At risk of / has experienced sexual abuse / exploitation 1.9% 2.1% 3.8% 2.5% 8.6% 3.8% 2.3% 2.1% Old age 0.5% 1.2% 0.8% 2.3% 2.5% 4.1% 0.9% 1.2% Care leaver aged 21+ years 0.5% 6.0% 3.4% 1.4% 4.3% 1.2% 1.4% 1.2% Care leaver aged 18-20 years 1.9% 3.3% 1.2% 0.3% 4.3% 2.9% 1.6% 1.2% Young person aged 16-17 years 1.1% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 1.8% 0.6% 1.3% 1.1% Young parent requiring support to manage independently 1.1% 1.2% 0.4% 0.6% 1.8% 0.3% 0.9% 1.0% Former asylum seeker 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% 0.3% 2.6% 1.2% Served in HM Forces 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 2.8% 3.7% 1.7% 0.9% 0.7% Source: MHCLG, 2020

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3.2.5 Referrals to DA safe accommodation service providers The charts and tables in this section below are based on the 793 referrals to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21.

3.2.5.1 Volume and origin of referrals DA Supported Accommodation - referrals for support by district 2020-21 Barrow- South Allerdale in- Carlisle Copeland Eden Total Lakeland Furness Referrals from 52 9 61 Allerdale Referrals from 266 4 270 Barrow-in-Furness Referrals from 5 111 116 Carlisle Referrals from 2 1 1 16 2 22 Copeland Referrals from 1 32 1 34 Eden Referrals from 1 48 2 13 64 South Lakeland Referrals from out 7 5 10 2 6 18 48 of County Referrals - origin 6 34 42 90 5 1 178 unknown Total number of 73 354 176 108 43 39 793 referrals % from same 71.2% 75.1% 63.1% 14.8% 74.4% 33.3% 71.5% district % from other districts within 11.0% 13.8% 7.4% 0.0% 0.0% 17.9% n/a Cumbria % from out of 9.6% 1.4% 5.7% 1.9% 14.0% 46.2% 6.1% County % origins unknown 8.2% 9.6% 23.9% 83.3% 11.6% 2.6% 22.4% Source: Data from district service providers (for table above and below)

Cumbria, DA support: proportion of referrals to each district by origin of main applicant 2020-21 (Source: DA service providers, Cumbria 2021) 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0%

0.0% Proportion of referrals of Proportion

% Cumbrian referrals % Out of county referrals % unknown origin

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DA Supported Accommodation: Known referrals from out of county 2020-21 From Count % of total From Count % of total Lancashire 10 20.8% Gloucestershire 1 2.1% Dumfriesshire 4 8.3% Hampshire 1 2.1% Greater Manchester 3 6.3% Lincolnshire 1 2.1% Tyne & Wear 3 6.3% Merseyside 1 2.1% County Durham 2 4.2% Norfolk 1 2.1% Herefordshire 2 4.2% North Tyneside 1 2.1% Kent 2 4.2% Oxfordshire 1 2.1% South Yorkshire 2 4.2% Stroud 1 2.1% Angus 1 2.1% Suffolk 1 2.1% Blackburn with Darwen 1 2.1% Thurrock 1 2.1% Cheshire 1 2.1% Wales 1 2.1% East Ayrshire 1 2.1% West Midlands 1 2.1% East Sussex 1 2.1% West Yorkshire 1 2.1% Essex 1 2.1% Unknown 1 2.1%

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3.2.5.2 Victim / perpetrator referrals Data regarding whether the applicant is a victim or a perpetrator of domestic abuse have been provided for all but 0.4% (3) referrals.

DA support: victim & perpetrator referrals 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria 120.0% 96.1% 95.6% 100.0% 93.6% 94.4%

80.0%

60.0%

40.0%

20.0% 3.5% 4.3% 5.6% 4.0% 0.0% Cumbrian referrals (%) Out of county referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) All referrals (%)

Perpetrator Victim

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: victim & perpetrator referrals 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services 120.0% 98.6% 100.0% 100.0%100.0% 100.0% 92.3% 82.4% 80.0%

60.0%

40.0% 16.5% 20.0% 5.1% 1.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Perpetrator Victim

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.3 Referrals sources Data regarding referrals sources have been provided for all but 0.5% (4) referrals. Characteristics: Comparison between Cumbria / out of Cumbria referrals Out of Cumbrian county Origin referrals referrals unknown Total Referral sources (%) (%) (%) (count) Total (%) National DA helpline 0.2% 4.3% 0.6% 4 0.5% Professional referral - 3rd party 13.1% 10.6% 34.1% 140 17.7% Professional referral - housing 6.9% 12.8% 2.8% 50 6.3% Professional referral - local authority 11.8% 19.1% 17.3% 107 13.5% Professional referral - MARAC 8.6% 4.3% 5.6% 61 7.7% Professional referral - medical 5.8% 2.1% 1.1% 36 4.5% Professional referral - police / criminal justice 15.5% 8.5% 8.9% 108 13.6% Self-referral 37.2% 36.2% 29.1% 280 35.3% Website 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 3 0.4% Data not provided 0.4% 2.1% 0.6% 4 0.5% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 793 100.0%

DA support: referral sources 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services

Website Self-referral Professional referral - police / criminal justice Professional referral - medical Professional referral - MARAC Professional referral - local authority Professional referral - housing Professional referral - 3rd party National DA helpline

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0%

South Lakeland (%) Eden (%) Copeland (%) Carlisle (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Allerdale (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.4 Type of abuse Data regarding type of abuse have not been provided for 13.5% (107) of all referrals in 2020- 21. The largest data gap is seen in Copeland, with data not provided for 94.4% (102) of referrals to the district.

DA support: type of abuse 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0%

Cumbrian referrals (%) Out of county referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) All referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: type of abuse 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0%

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.5 Type of support provided Data regarding type of support provided have been supplied for all but 2.1% (17) of all referrals.

Type of support provided: comparison between Cumbria / out of Cumbria referrals Out of Cumbrian county Origin referrals referrals unknown Total Type of support (%) (%) (%) (count) Total (%) Community prevention support - dispersed accommodation 5.1% 6.4% 2.8% 37 4.7% Follow on support - outreach in community 57.7% 8.5% 65.4% 448 56.5% Longer term safe accommodation (no duty) 5.3% 27.7% 4.5% 51 6.4% Placed in TA under homeless duty 15.7% 31.9% 16.8% 134 16.9% Refused access to accommodation - by provider^ 2.8% 4.3% 6.1% 29 3.7% Refused access to accommodation - by victim 11.5% 8.5% 4.5% 77 9.7% Data not provided 1.9% 12.8% 0.0% 17 2.1% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 793 100.0% Source: Data from district service providers ^It should be noted that the numbers in the category “refused access to accommodation by provider” means that the household were refused access to accommodation services elsewhere prior to being accommodated elsewhere in the county.

DA support: type of support provided 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria

Refused access to accommodation - by victim

Refused access to accommodation - by provider

Placed in TA under homeless duty

Longer term safe accommodation (no duty)

Follow on support - outreach in community

Community prevention support - dispersed accommodation

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0%

All referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) Out of county referrals (%) Cumbrian referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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Type of support provided 2020-21 (by geography in which services are provided) Barrow- in- South Type of support Allerdale Furness Carlisle Copeland Eden Lakeland CUMBRIA Community prevention support - dispersed accommodation 0 0 2 12 23 0 37 Follow on support - outreach in community 0 347 17 83 1 0 448 Longer term safe accommodation (no duty) 0 0 39 0 0 12 51 Placed in TA under homeless duty 34 7 54 13 16 10 134 Refused access to accommodation - by provider^ 2 0 27 0 0 0 29 Refused access to accommodation - by victim 37 0 37 0 3 0 77 Data not provided 0 0 0 0 0 17 17 CUMBRIA 73 354 176 108 43 39 793 Source: Data from district service providers ^It should be noted that the numbers in the category “refused access to accommodation by provider” means that the household were refused access to accommodation services elsewhere prior to being accommodated by the relevant district.

DA support: type of support provided 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services

100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Community Follow on support Longer term safe Placed in TA Refused access to Refused access to prevention - outreach in accommodation under homeless accommodation - accommodation - support - community (no duty) duty by provider by victim dispersed accommodation

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.6 Average length of time supported The average length of time supported is based on closed referrals and those ongoing at 31 March 2021. It takes into account support offered across all types of domestic abuse supported accommodation types as well as “follow on support - outreach in the community”.

Cumbria DA support: average number of days each applicant supported 2020-21 (based on closed referrals and those onoing at 31 March 2021) Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria 60 55 49 50 45 40 30 20 20

Number of days of Number 10 0 Cumbrian referrals Out of county referrals Origin unknown All referrals

Source: Data from district service providers

Cumbria DA support: average number of days each referral supported 2020-21 (based on closed referrals and those ongoing at 31 March 2021) Comparison of need by district providing services 100 86 80 65 60 49 43 49 40 20 11

Number of days of Number 0

Source: Data from district service providers (NB: no closed dates within the Allerdale data)

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3.2.5.7 Age of main applicant Data regarding age of main applicant have not been provided for 19.4%% (154) of all referrals in 2020-21. The largest data gap is seen in Copeland, with data not provided for 80.6% (87) of referrals to the district.

Age of main applicant: comparison between Cumbria / out of Cumbria referrals Out of Cumbrian county Origin Total Age range referrals (%) referrals (%) unknown (%) (count) Total (%) 16-18 yrs 0.4% 0.0% 0.6% 3 0.4% 19-24 yrs 14.1% 17.0% 8.4% 103 13.0% 25-34 yrs 32.1% 23.4% 12.3% 215 27.1% 35-44 yrs 30.0% 25.5% 6.1% 193 24.3% 45-54 yrs 12.7% 19.1% 5.6% 91 11.5% 55-64 yrs 2.8% 6.4% 1.1% 21 2.6% 65-74 yrs 1.8% 4.3% 0.0% 12 1.5% 75 + yrs 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1 0.1% Unknown 6.0% 4.3% 65.9% 154 19.4% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 793 100.0% Source: Data from district service providers

Cumbria DA support: age of main applicant 2020-21 (Source: DA service providers, Cumbria 2021) 30.0%

25.0%

20.0%

15.0%

10.0%

5.0% Proportion of applicants of Proportion 0.0% 16-18 yrs 19-24 yrs 25-34 yrs 35-44 yrs 45-54 yrs 55-64 yrs 65-74 yrs 75 + yrs

DA support: age of main applicant 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services

40.0%

30.0%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0% 16-18 yrs 19-24 yrs 25-34 yrs 35-44 yrs 45-54 yrs 55-64 yrs 65-74 yrs 75 + yrs

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.8 Gender identity of main applicant Data regarding gender identity have been provided for all but 0.1% (1) of all referrals.

DA support: gender identity of main applicant 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria 100.0%

80.0%

60.0%

40.0%

20.0%

0.0% Female Male

Cumbrian referrals (%) Out of county referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) All referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: gender identity of main applicant 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services 100.0%

80.0%

60.0%

40.0%

20.0%

0.0% Female Male

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.9 Sexual identity of main applicant Data regarding sexual identity have not been provided for 44.0% (349) of all referrals in 2020- 21. The largest data gap is seen in Barrow-in-Furness, with data not provided for 97.7% (346) of all referrals to the district. Cumbria DA support: sexual identity of main applicant 2020-21 (Source: DA service providers, Cumbria 2021) 60.0% 48.0% 50.0% 44.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 5.5% 1.1% 1.3%

Proportion of applicants of Proportion 0.0% Gay / Lesbian Heterosexual / Other / Unknown Prefer not to say Data not provided Straight

DA support: sexual identity of main applicant 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria 80.0%

60.0%

40.0%

20.0%

0.0% Gay / Lesbian Heterosexual / Straight Other / Unknown Prefer not to say

Cumbrian referrals (%) Out of county referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) All referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: sexual identity of main applicant 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services 100.0%

80.0%

60.0%

40.0%

20.0%

0.0% Gay / Lesbian Heterosexual / Straight Other / Unknown Prefer not to say

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.10 Ethnicity of main applicant Data regarding ethnicity have been provided for all but 1.4% (11) of all referrals.

DA support: ethnicity of main applicant 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria

White British Prefer not to say Other Ethnic Group Mixed/ Multiple ethnic groups Irish Gypsy / Traveller Black / African / Caribbean / Black British Asian / Asian British Any other white background

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%

All referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) Out of county referrals (%) Cumbrian referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: ethnicity of main applicant 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services

White British Prefer not to say Other Ethnic Group Mixed/ Multiple ethnic groups Irish Gypsy / Traveller Black / African / Caribbean / Black British Asian / Asian British Any other white background

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%

South Lakeland (%) Eden (%) Copeland (%) Carlisle (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Allerdale (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.11 Immigration status and interpreter requirements

Out of All All Cumbrian county Origin referrals referrals referrals referrals unknown (%) (count) Immigration status 2020-21 (%) (%) (%) Asylum Seeker (public funds not accessible but asylum support available) 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 1 Family Visa (eg. partner or parent visa) 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 2 Prefer not to say 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 1 Refugee (public funds accessible) 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 1 Work/Student/Visit Visa 0.2% 2.1% 0.0% 0.3% 2 Data not provided 98.9% 97.9% 100.0% 99.1% 786 TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 793 Source: Data from district service providers

Out of All All Cumbrian county Origin referrals referrals Language / interpreter referrals referrals unknown (%) (count) requirements 2020-21 (%) (%) (%) English 21.3% 21.3% 22.9% 21.7% 172 Translator/Interpreter Needed 0.5% 2.1% 0.6% 0.6% 5 Data not provided 78.1% 76.6% 76.5% 77.7% 616 TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 793 Source: Data from district service providers

3.2.5.12 Household structure Data regarding household structure have not been provided for 43.1%% (342) of all referrals in 2020-21, all of which relate to services provided within Barrow-in-Furness, making up 96.6% (342) of all referrals to the district.

Cumbria DA support: applicants by household structure 2020-21 (Source: DA service providers, Cumbria 2021) 50.0% 45.0% 43.1% 40.0% 33.4% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.2% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0%

Proportion of applicants of Proportion 3.3% 5.0% 0.0% Adults and Child(ren) Adults(s) and no Single Adult and Data not provided child(ren) Child(ren)

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DA support: household structure 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria 60.0%

50.0%

40.0%

30.0%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0% Adults and Child(ren) Adults(s) and no child(ren) Single Adult and Child(ren)

Cumbrian referrals (%) Out of county referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) All referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: household structure 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Adults and Child(ren) Adults(s) and no child(ren) Single Adult and Child(ren)

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.13 Housing tenure (previous address) Data regarding housing tenure have not been provided for 14.5% (115) of all referrals in 2020-21. The largest data gap relates to Copeland, with data not provided for 74.1% (80) of all referrals to the district.

DA support: housing tenure (previous address) 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria

Supported Housing Rough Sleeping Renting - PSL Renting - HA Owner / Occupier Other No rights to occupy tenancy Living with family / partner In TA Homeless 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0%

All referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) Out of county referrals (%) Cumbrian referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: housing tenure (previous address) 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services

Supported Housing Rough Sleeping Renting - PSL Renting - HA Owner / Occupier Other No rights to occupy tenancy Living with family / partner In TA Homeless

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% 45.0% 50.0%

South Lakeland (%) Eden (%) Copeland (%) Carlisle (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Allerdale (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.14 Dependents Data regarding dependents have been provided for all but 4.3% (34) of all referrals. It should be noted that “dependents” are not all necessarily dependent children. Cumbria DA support: number of dependents per applicant 2020-21 (Source: DA service providers, Cumbria 2021) 60.0% 48.4% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 18.7% 20.0% 15.3% 7.8% 10.0% 3.5% 4.3% 0.3% 0.8% 0.1% 0.9% 0.0%

Proportion of applicants of Proportion 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Unborn Data not provided

DA support: number of dependents per applicant 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Unborn

Cumbrian referrals (%) Out of county referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) All referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers DA support: number of dependents per applicant 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Unborn

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.15 Household income and employment Data regarding household income have not been provided for 81.7% (648) of all referrals in 2020-21. The largest data gaps are seen in Barrow-in-Furness, Carlisle and Copeland, with data not provided for 97.7% (346) of all referrals to Barrow-in-Furness, and 100% of all referrals to Carlisle and Copeland (176 and 108 referrals respectively). It should be noted that there was no requirement to collect household income data previously.

DA support: household income 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% £10,400 to less £20,800 to less Awaiting to claim Joint claimant Less than £10,400 No income stated than £20,800 pa than £31,200 pa upon arrival pa or not enough

Cumbrian referrals (%) Out of county referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) All referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: household income 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% £10,400 to less £20,800 to less Awaiting to claim Joint claimant Less than £10,400 No income stated than £20,800 pa than £31,200 pa upon arrival pa or not enough

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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Data regarding employment status have not been provided for 45.3% (359) of all referrals in 2020-21. The largest data gap is seen in Barrow-in-Furness, with data not provided for 97.7% (346) of referrals to the district.

DA support: employment status 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Economically Employed - Full / Looking after Retired Student Unemployed Inactive part time family / home (including self- employed)

Cumbrian referrals (%) Out of county referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) All referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: employment status 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Economically Employed - Full / Looking after Retired Student Unemployed Inactive part time family / home (including self- employed)

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.16 Benefits Benefits data have not been provided for 45.3% (359) of all referrals in 2020-21. The largest data gap is seen in Barrow-in-Furness, with data not provided for 97.2% (344) of referrals to the district.

DA support: receipt of benefits 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria

80.0% 72.3% 73.2% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 45.9% 40.0% 35.1% 30.0% 17.0% 20.0% 9.2% 8.8% 10.0% 5.6% 0.0% Not receiving benefits Receiving benefits

Cumbrian referrals (%) Out of county referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) All referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: receipt of benefits 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services 120.0% 98.1% 100.0% 81.3% 76.9% 80.0% 72.6%

60.0% 53.5%

40.0% 27.4% 18.8% 16.3% 20.5% 20.0% 0.3% 0.9% 2.5% 0.0% Not receiving benefits Receiving benefits

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.17 Poverty and Deprivation The map below shows Cumbria’s Lower Super Output Areas (LSOA) by English Indices of Multiple Deprivation decile 2019.

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The chart below is based on postcodes provided for an applicant’s previous address. Postcode data have not been provided for 70.2% (557) of applicants.

DA support: Indices of Multiple Deprivation Decile based on applicant's previous address 2020-21 (Decile 1 = most deprived; Decile 10 = least deprived)

4.2% 3.4% 4.7% IMD Decile 1 2.5% IMD Decile 2 IMD Decile 3 5.9% 22.0% IMD Decile 4 IMD Decile 5 7.2% IMD Decile 6 16.9% IMD Decile 7 14.0% IMD Decile 8 IMD Decile 9 19.1% IMD Decile 10

3.2.5.18 Disability Disability data have not been provided for 44.0% (349) of all referrals in 2020-21. Barrow-in-Furness has the largest data gap, with no information provided for 97.7% (346) of all referrals to the district.

Cumbria DA support: disability of main applicant 2020-21 (Source: DA service providers, Cumbria 2021) 60.0% 48.5% 50.0% 44.0%

40.0%

30.0%

20.0%

Propportion of applicants of Propportion 10.0% 4.4% 0.8% 2.3% 0.0% Disabled Not disabled Prefer not to say Unknown Data not provided

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DA support: disability of main applicant 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Disabled Not disabled Prefer not to say Unknown

Cumbrian referrals (%) Out of county referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) All referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: disability of main applicant 2020-21 Comparison of need by district in which services are provided 120.0%

100.0%

80.0%

60.0%

40.0%

20.0%

0.0% Disabled Not disabled Prefer not to say Unknown

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.19 Health issues Data regarding health issues have not been provided for over half 55.1% (437) of all referrals in 2020-21. The largest data gaps occur in Barrow-in-Furness (97.5%; 345 of all referrals to the district) and Copeland (64.8%; 70).

Cumbria DA support: health issues of main applicant 2020-21 (Source: DA service providers, Cumbria 2021) 30.0% 23.8% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 7.7% 7.8% 2.8% 2.1% 5.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% Autism, COPD and Learning Mental Multiple None Not Other long Physical / Proportion of applicants of Proportion Aspergers Asthma difficulties health Known term mobility issues health issue

DA support: health issues of main applicant 2020-21 Comparison of need betwen referrals from within / without Cumbria 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Autism, COPD and Learning Mental Multiple None Not Known Other long Physical / Aspergers Asthma difficulties health term health mobility issues issue

Cumbrian referrals (%) Out of county referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) All referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: health issues 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Autism, COPD and Learning Mental Multiple None Not Known Other long Physical / Aspergers Asthma difficulties health term health mobility issues issue

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.20 Substance / alcohol misuse Substance and alcohol misuse data have not been provided for 13.7% (109) of all referrals in 2020-21. Copeland shows the largest data gap, with no data provided for 80.6% (87) of all referrals to the district.

Cumbria DA support: proportion of applicants with substance / alcohol misuse problems 2020-21 (Source: DA service providers, Cumbria 2021)

40.0% 33.5% 29.3% 30.0%

20.0% 13.7% 8.8% 9.2% 10.0% 5.4%

0.0% Alcohol Abuse Both None Not Known Substance Data not Proportion of applicants of Proportion Misuse provided

DA support: substance / alcohol misuse 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Alcohol Abuse Both None Not Known Substance Misuse

Cumbrian referrals (%) Out of county referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) All referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: substance / alcohol misuse 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Alcohol Abuse Both None Not Known Substance Misuse

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.21 Additional support needs Data regarding additional support needs have not been provided for just over two thirds (67.2%; 533) of all referrals in 2020-21. The largest gaps occur in Barrow-in-Furness (97.5%; 345 of all referrals to the district) and Copeland (82.4%; 89).

Cumbria DA support: applicant additional support needs 2020-21 (Source: DA service providers, Cumbria 2021)

12.0% 10.8%

10.0% 8.3% 8.0%

6.0% 3.8% 4.0% 3.2% 2.0% 2.0% 1.1% Proportion of applicants of Proportion 0.6% 0.9% 1.0% 0.3% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% 0.0%

DA support: additional support needs 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0%

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.22 Risk level Risk level data have not been provided for 22.4% (178) of all referrals in 2020-21. The largest data gaps occur in Copeland with no data provided for 95.4% (103) of all referrals to the district, and South Lakeland with data not provided for 92.3% (36). Cumbria DA support: applicants by risk level 2020-21 (Source: DA service providers, Cumbria 2021) 35.0% 32.2% 30.0% 26.6% 25.0% 22.4% 18.8% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% Proportion of applicants of Proportion 0.0% High Low Medium Data not provided

DA support: risk level 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria 40.0%

30.0%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0% High Low Medium

Cumbrian referrals (%) Out of county referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) All referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: risk level 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% High Low Medium

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.23 Children’s Services involvement Data regarding Children’s Services involvement has not been provided for 21.8% (173) of all referrals in 2020-21. Where it is known that DA victims have dependents (380 referrals) data is missing from 27.9% (106) of those referral records. South Lakeland has the largest data gap, with status either unknown or not provided for 85.7% (12/14) of referrals known to have dependents.

DA support: Children's Services involvement 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria 60.0%

50.0%

40.0%

30.0%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0% Historical involvement No Unknown Yes

Cumbrian referrals (%) Out of county referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) All referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: Children's Services involvement 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Historical involvement No Unknown Yes

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.5.24 Previous / current involvement with support services Data regarding previous or current involvement with support services have not been provided for 32.8% (260) of all referrals in 2020-21. Copeland has the largest data gap, with data not provided for 85.2% (92) of all referrals to the district.

DA support: previous / current involvement with support services 2020-21 Comparison of need between referrals from within / without Cumbria 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Criminal Drug and Mental Multiple None Probation Social Third sector Justice Alcohol Health Officer Worker support support Worker

Cumbrian referrals (%) Out of county referrals (%) Origin unknown (%) All referrals (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

DA support: previous / current involvement with support services 2020-21 Comparison of need by district providing services 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Criminal Drug and Mental Multiple None Probation Social Third sector Justice Alcohol Health Officer Worker support support Worker

Allerdale (%) Barrow-in-Furness (%) Carlisle (%) Copeland (%) Eden (%) South Lakeland (%)

Source: Data from district service providers

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3.2.6 Demand for safe accommodation services

Refuge/Safe Accommodation Dispersed, Self- (shared Other (including Specialist Safe Contained Sanctuary Referral information house/self- temporary Accommodation Accommodation Schemes contained with accommodation) with Support shared elements etc.) Allerdale: Total Number of Referrals 0 0 0 0 0 Barrow-in-Furness: Total Number of Referrals 0 0 7 0 0 Carlisle: Total Number of Referrals 46 0 23 20 39 Copeland: Total Number of Referrals 0 11 0 0 0 Eden (EHA): Total Number of Referrals 0 0 18 0 0 South Lakeland (Springfield): Total Number of 96 0 0 0 0 Referrals CUMBRIA: Total Number of Referrals 142 11 48 20 39

CUMBRIA: Number of Referrals from Inside Area 43 11 44 20 38 CUMBRIA: % of Referrals from Inside Area 30.3% 100.0% 91.7% 100.0% 97.4%

CUMBRIA: Number of Referrals from Out of Area 99 0 4 0 1 CUMBRIA: % of Referrals from Out of Area 69.7% 0.0% 8.3% 0.0% 2.6% CUMBRIA: Number of Successful First Time 58 0 48 20 39 Referrals CUMBRIA: Number of Successful Referrals Following Being Turned Away from Another Provision (referals that were at first unsuccesful, 0 0 1 0 0 but after trying different avenues, were then successful) CUMBRIA: Number of Unsuccessful Referrals/Access Denied. (Unable to be 60 0 0 0 0 supported at all) CUMBRIA: % of Unsuccessful Referrals/Access 42.3% n/a n/a n/a n/a Denied. (Unable to be supported at all) Source: Data from district service providers Note: Referrals numbers are believed to be under reported. This table is subject to review.

➢ 260 referrals for DA supported accommodation in 2020-21. ➢ There appears to be high demand for spaces at Springfield, South Lakeland – over one third of all referrals are to Springfield (36.9%; 96). ➢ Springfield appears to be over-subscribed, with 62.5% (60) of referrals unsuccessful / access denied. ➢ Over half of referrals were for refuge / safe accommodation in 2020-21 (54.6%; 142); almost one fifth (18.5%; 48) for dispersed, self-contained accommodation with support.

Most common reasons for being denied access to services: ➢ Springfield: Accommodation full, National lockdown, COVID 19, high mental health needs, high current substance misuse (crack, heroin, alcohol etc). Violence (Source: Springfield)

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3.3 Demographics and socioeconomics: national findings Research by the Office for National Statistics (2018) indicates that the following women are most at risk of experiencing partner abuse in the last 12 months in England and Wales: ➢ Young women are more likely to have experienced partner abuse than older women. ➢ Women with a long-term illness or disability are more than twice as likely to have experienced some form or partner abuse (12.4%) than women without long-term illness or disability (5.1%). ➢ Bisexual women are nearly twice as likely to have experienced partner abuse than heterosexual women (10.9% compared to 6.0%). ➢ Women who identified with mixed / multiple ethnicities are more likely to experience partner abuse (10.1%) than any other ethnic group. ➢ Women living in households with an income of less than £10,000 are more than four times as likely (14.3%) to have experienced partners abuse than women living in households with an income of £50,000 or more (3.3%). ➢ Women living in social housing (11.1%) are nearly three times as likely to have experienced partner abuse than women who are owner occupiers (4.1%).

3.4 Protected characteristics Black Asian and Minority Ethnic (including Gypsy Roma and Traveller) Census data from 2011 (ONS 2011) indicate that ethnic minorities make up 3.5% of Cumbria’s population. This is a smaller proportion than in the North West (12.9%) and England (20.2%). Victims from non-White British ethnicity made up 2.3% (29) of cases referred to Victim Support in 2019-20. However, ethnicity was not stated in one quarter of all cases (24.6%; 316). 3.2% of domestic abuse crimes in 2019-20 involved victims from non-White British ethnicity (3.2%; 202). Ethnicity was not stated for 13.3% of all domestic abuse related crimes in this period (850) (Cumbria Constabulary 2021). There was a larger proportion of non-White British applicants referred to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21 than the county average (5.7%; 45 applicants). This could reflect applicants referred from out of county areas with larger ethnic minority populations.

Gypsy or Irish Travellers make up 0.1% of Cumbria’s population (ONS 2011). This group made up 0.3% of applicants referred to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21, a slightly larger proportion than the Cumbria average, although it should be noted that the numbers were small (2 applicants).

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and / or Transgender According to the Office for National Statistics (2011) an estimated 2.7% of the UK population aged 16 years and over identified as lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) in 2019, an increase from 2.2% in 2018. Sexual identity data are not available for the majority of applicants referred to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21 (50.8%; 403). Where sexual identity is known (390 applicants), gay and lesbian applicants make up 2.3% (9) of the total; this is -0.4 percentage points lower than the UK average.

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Disabled Almost one in 10 Cumbrian residents (9.7%) stated in the 2011 Census that their day-to-day activities were limited a lot by long-term health problems or disability (ONS 2011). Disabled applicants made up 4.4% (35) of all people referred to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21. However disability data are not available for almost half of all applicants (57.0%; 373). Where disability status is known about applicants, disabled applicants make up 8.3% (35) of the total, a lower proportion than the average expected for Cumbria.

Male The proportion of males within Cumbria is estimated to be 49.3% (246,456 individuals) (ONS, 2020e). Data from the Crime Survey for England and Wales (ONS 2020c) estimates that 3.6% of men and 7.3% of women aged 16 to 74 years were a victim of any domestic abuse (partner or family non-physical abuse, threats, force, sexual assault or stalking) in the year ending March 2020. This suggests that one in every three victims of domestic abuse (33.0%) is male. A report from The Mankind Initiative (2021) suggest that one in six men nationally are likely to be a victim of domestic abuse in their lifetime, but that only one in 20 victims accessing IDVA services are male; research by The Mankind Initiative suggests that males are often unaware of existing support or there are limited or no services for them already in place nationally including accommodation services. Data from Cumbria Constabulary (2021) indicate that just over one in four victims of domestic abuse crimes in Cumbria in 2019-20 were male (27.3%; 1,736 crimes). However, male victims of domestic abuse crimes are underrepresented in the cases helped by Victim Support in 2019-20, where one in five cases (20.5%; 264) were male. Male applicants referred to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21 are also underrepresented, where just one in 14 applicants (7.1%; 56) were male.

Young (aged 16-18 – including care leavers) and older victims (over 65) The proportion of young people in Cumbria aged 16-18 years is estimated to make up 3.1% of the total population (15,266 individuals) (ONS 2020e). The proportion of applicants aged 16 to 18 years referred to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21 is relatively small (0.4%; 3 applicants) (District Service Providers 2021) and not representative of the proportion of this age group in Cumbria’s population. However, data are not provided for one in five applicants (19.4%; 154) and the proportion of these applicants in the 16-18 year age band is not known.

There is a gap nationally in understanding the true prevalence of domestic abuse among the older population; data are not collected on adults over the age of 74 years (Age UK, 2020). The proportion of older people (those aged 65+ years) is estimated to account for 24.5% of the county’s population (122,360 individuals) (ONS 2020e). Individuals aged 65+ years helped by Victim Support in 2019-20 made up 7.4% of all cases (95 individuals); this is not representative of Cumbria’s proportion of people aged 65+ years. As for the younger age group, the proportion of applicants aged 65+ years referred to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21 is relatively small compared to the county’s population (1.6%; 13 applicants) (District Service Providers 2021), but again, as data are not provided for one in five applicants (19.4%; 154) the proportion of these applicants in the 65+ years age band is unclear.

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People with an offending history In relation to all recorded crime in 2019-20, male offenders made up 1.1% (5,254) of Cumbria’s population, and female offenders 0.3% (1,532); 1.4% overall (Cumbria Constabulary 2020). “Offending history” is stated as an additional support need for 2.0% (16) applicants to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21, a higher proportion than in Cumbria’s general population. However, as data are not available for the majority of applicants (67.2%; 533) the proportion could be much larger. Data around previous and current involvement with support services indicate that 4.2% (33) of applicants in 2020-21 have either previous or current involvement with Criminal Justice support services. Again, data are not available for almost one third of applicants (32.8%; 260) and the proportion could therefore be larger.

Those presenting with complex needs including those with mental health and / or substance misuse needs Data from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Study within the 2016 Mental Health Joint Strategic Needs Assessment indicate that one in six people had a common mental health disorder in 2014 (Cumbria County Council 2016). Mental health is the most significant health issue facing applicants to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21, with 23.8% (189) of applicants with the condition; as data are not provided for over half of applicants (55.1%; 437) the proportion could be higher.

Almost one quarter of applicants to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21 have alcohol abuse, substance misuse or both alcohol and drug misuse problems (23.5%; 186). No details are provided for 43.0% (341) of applicants; the proportion could therefore be higher.

Data have not been collected regarding complex needs.

Those facing multiple forms of abuse within the family such as honour-based violence and forced marriage There are insufficient data available for victims of domestic abuse in Cumbria regarding honour-based violence and forced marriage.

Religious and / or spiritual, particularly if facing barriers as a result Data from the Census 2011 (ONS 2011) indicate that the majority of Cumbria’s residents identify as Christian (71.9%) or have no religion (20.3%). There are relatively small proportions of people with other religious beliefs: people following the Buddhist faith make up 0.3%; Muslim 0.3%; Hindu 0.1% and other religions 0.3%. Data on the religious or spiritual beliefs and practices of domestic abuse victims support within Cumbria are not available.

Having insecure immigration status There are insufficient data available for victims of domestic abuse in Cumbria regarding insecure immigration status.

From isolated and / or marginalised communities, including where there is limited English proficiency According to the 2011 Census (ONS 2011) 98.3% of households in Cumbria have English as the main language; this is a higher proportion than in the North West (94.9%) and England (92%). This indicates that language could be a barrier for between 1.7% to 8.0% of domestic abuse applicants seeking help in Cumbria. It is known that an interpreter was required for five applicants to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21

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(0.6% of applicants). However, data around language are not available for over three quarters of applicants (77.7%; 616).

Census data from 2011 (ONS 2011) indicate that ethnic minorities make up 3.5% of Cumbria’s population. This is a smaller proportion than in the North West (12.9%) and England (20.2%). Victims from non-White British ethnicity made up 2.3% (29) of cases referred to Victim Support in 2019-20. However, ethnicity was not stated in one quarter of all cases (24.6%; 316). 3.2% of domestic abuse crimes in 2019-20 involved victims from non-White British ethnicity (3.2%; 202). Ethnicity was not stated for 13.3% of all domestic abuse related crimes in this period (850) (Cumbria Constabulary 2021). There was a larger proportion of non-White British applicants referred to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21 than the county average (5.7%; 45 applicants). This could reflect applicants referred from out of county areas with larger ethnic minority populations.

Victims who have no choice but to move away from their local areas, communities, and friends to escape their perpetrator to stay safe and receive the support they need One in six applicants referred to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21 were seeking support outside their local areas (15.8%; 125 applicants). 6.1% (48) came from out of county, while one in 10 (9.7%; 77) although from Cumbria were seeking support from a district other than the district in which they were originally residing (District Service Providers 2021).

Children of victims (including adolescent male children) within safe accommodation There are insufficient data around the children of domestic abuse victims in Cumbria.

Victims with children, including large families and those with older adolescent boys (12+) It is estimated that 25.1% of Cumbria’s households have dependent children (ONS 2011). A similar proportion of applicants referred to Cumbria’s domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers in 2020-21 have dependent children (23.5%; 186). However, the proportion of lone parent applicants with dependent children makes up 20.2% (160) of all applications in 2020-21 (District Service Providers 2021); this is almost four times greater than the Cumbria proportion of single adults with dependent children (5.7%) (ONS 2011). Household structure data are not available for a large proportion of applicants (43.1%; 342) and therefore the proportion could be greater. No data are available around gender of dependent children.

Pregnant victims There are insufficient data available around pregnant victims of domestic abuse in Cumbria.

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4 Current services and assets

4.1 Overview: DA housing, support and quality standards District DA Housing DA support provided Quality Standards Allerdale Dispersed General: David Thompson (DA accommodation. ➢ Place in TA under champion for police) checked 2x houses homeless duty adapted with extra security. Specialist: ➢ 2x houses adapted with extra security

Barrow-in- None specific General: No information provided. Furness (referred to ➢ Follow on support – Barrow Borough outreach in community Council as having ➢ Placed in TA under a statutory duty homeless duty for homelessness) Specialist: ➢ Unknown

Carlisle 50 units of Support to meet a range of Compliant with: the National emergency needs and risks. 24 hour Statement of Expectations accommodation, staffing on site to respond to 2020 (MHCLG); Landlord and 20 of which are emergencies. tenant act 1985; Housing Act specifically for 1985 & 2004; Homeless domestic abuse General: Reduction Act; Homes (fitness ➢ Community prevention for human habitation) Act support 2018; Landlord and tenant Act ➢ Follow on support – 195; The management of outreach in community HMO regulations 2006; ➢ Longer term safe Homeless COG; VAWG accommodation (no duty) Strategy; COVID-19 guidance ➢ Placed in TA under for homeless services and homeless duty hostel emergency accommodation; Every Child Specialist: Matters outcome framework; ➢ Support to meet a range of National Occupational needs and risks (no Standards addressing DSA specific details provided)

Copeland 4x dispersed self- General: David Thompson (DA contained ➢ Community prevention champion for police) checked accommodation support (1x two bedroom ➢ Follow on support – flat; 3x three outreach in community bedroom houses); ➢ Placed in TA under homeless duty 1x self-contained flat within a Specialist: woman & baby ➢ Crisis prevention and hostel support worker – DA support and tenancy support ➢ Accommodation support alongside DA specialist support

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District DA Housing DA support provided Quality Standards Eden (Eden Dispersed self- General: Yes (NB: quality standard not Housing contained ➢ Community prevention specified) Association) accommodation support (quantity / ➢ Follow on support – capacity unclear) outreach in community ➢ Placed in TA under homeless duty

Specialist: ➢ Specialist DA support provided to those living in accommodation (no specific details provided)

South Springfield General: Yes (NB: quality standard not Lakeland Domestic Abuse ➢ Longer term safe specified) Support (suitable accommodation (no duty) for single women ➢ Placed in TA under only) homeless duty

Specialist: Town View fields ➢ Domestic Abuse; VAWG Hostel and satellite accommodation (local authority temporary accommodation units). Quantity / capacity unclear. Source: Data from district service providers 63 units of domestic abuse supported accommodation are available across the county in 2020-21.

Other agencies / sources used (includes information taken from case studies) Allerdale: Allerdale Borough Council DA Support Worker; Women Out West; HAWC; Victim Support; Mental Health Team; Adult Social care; Freedom Project; Children’s Services Safeguarding Hub Barrow-in-Furness: Women’s Community Matters; Groups and courses, 1-1 support; police; other relevant professional services (who / what not stated) Carlisle: DAP Team; Children’s Services; MARAC referral; Homeless Team Copeland: Freedom Project, WOW, MHT, Crisis Team, Police, Probation, DWP Eden: HAWC; DV advice (source unclear); EDC Housing; MARAC; PREVENT; HITES; Cumbria Family Support; School liaison with CFS; DAP; Child protection South Lakeland: IDVA; Police; MARAC; Springfield community hub / group work; Mental Health and Crisis Team Safety Net case studies: Homeless Hostel; IDVA/ISVA; Safety Net counselling services; Unity; CADAS; Women Out West

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4.2 DA Supported Accommodation Service Mapping 63 units of domestic abuse supported accommodation are available across the county in 2020-21.

4.2.1 Allerdale Service 1 Name: 13 Hillcrest, Northside Workington Commissioned: Yes Type of safe Dispersed accommodation accommodation service: Specialist service provided: Yes By and for service: Yes Type of specialism: DA temporary accommodation house adapted with extra security. Quality standards met: Yes Name of quality standards David Thompson (DA champion for police) checked met: Source: Allerdale Borough Council

Service 2 Name: 78 Wastwater Avenue, Workington Commissioned: Yes Type of safe Dispersed accommodation accommodation service: Specialist service provided: Yes By and for service: Yes Type of specialism: DA temporary accommodation house adapted with extra security. Quality standards met: Yes Name of quality standards David Thompson (DA champion for police) checked met: Source: Allerdale Borough Council

4.2.2 Barrow-in-Furness No information has been provided by Barrow Borough Council or Women’s Community Matters. In general, Barrow Borough Council as local authority has a statutory duty for homelessness which includes DA cases as such if they were homeless requiring accommodation. However all the support function is commissioned to Women’s Community Matters including any DA cases housed within Barrow Borough Council accommodation. Source: Barrow Borough Council

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4.2.3 Carlisle Service 1 Name: Carlisle City Council Emergency Accommodation Commissioned: No Type of safe Mixture of provision accommodation service Specialist service provided: Yes By and for service: No Type of specialism: Emergency accommodation and support to meet a range of needs and risks - 24 hour staffing on site to respond to emergencies Quality standards met: Yes Name of quality standards Compliant with: the National Statement of Expectations 2020 met: (MHCLG); Landlord and tenant act 1985; Housing Act 1985 & 2004; Homeless Reduction Act; Homes (fitness for human habitation) Act 2018; Landlord and tenant Act 195; The management of HMO regulations 2006; Homeless COG; VAWG Strategy; COVID-19 guidance for homeless services and hostel emergency accommodation; Every Child Matters outcome framework; National Occupational Standards addressing DSA Source: Carlisle City Council

4.2.4 Copeland Service 1 Name: 53 Scotch Street, Whitehaven - Managed by Copeland Borough Council Commissioned: No Type of safe Dispersed 2nd floor flat, 2 bedrooms accommodation service: Specialist service provided: Yes By and for service: Type of specialism: Crisis prevention and support worker – DA support and tenancy support Quality standards met: Yes Name of quality standards David Thompson (DA champion for police) checked met: Notes: PAS 24: 2016 doorset; Secure Ring door chain; door viewer; Anti Arson Bag. Looking at installing CCTV. Source: Copeland Borough Council

Service 2 Name: 26 Milton Road, Egremont - managed by Copeland Borough Council

Commissioned: No Type of safe Dispersed 3 bedroom house accommodation service: Specialist service provided: Yes By and for service: Type of specialism: Crisis prevention and support worker - DA support and tenancy support

Quality standards met: Yes Name of quality standards David Thompson (DA champion for police) checked met: Notes: Specialist locks on doors and windows, Anti arson bags, Ring chain on door. Looking at installing CCTV. Source: Copeland Borough Council

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Service 3 Name: 11 Smithfield Road Egremont - managed by Copeland Borough Council Commissioned: No Type of safe Dispersed 3 bedroom house accommodation service: Specialist service provided: Yes By and for service: Type of specialism: Crisis prevention and support worker - DA support and tenancy support Quality standards met: Yes Name of quality standards David Thompson (DA champion for police) checked met: Notes: Sanctuary room, specialist locks to doors and windows, anti arson bag, key chain, secure fencing surrounding the property. Looking at installing CCTV Source: Copeland Borough Council

Service 4 Name: 9 Castlerigg Close, Whitehaven Commissioned: No Type of safe Dispersed 3 bedroom house accommodation service: Specialist service provided: Yes By and for service: Type of specialism: Crisis prevention and support worker - DA support and tenancy support. Quality standards met: Yes Name of quality standards David Thompson (DA champion for police) checked met: Notes: Sanctuary room, specialist locks to doors and windows, anti arson bag, key chain, secure fencing surrounding the property. Source: Copeland Borough Council

Service 5 Name: Whitehaven Community Trust Commissioned: Yes Type of safe Self contained Flat within a supported woman & baby hostel accommodation service: Specialist service provided: Yes By and for service: Type of specialism: Accommodation support alongside DA specialist support Quality standards met: No Name of quality standards met: Notes: Copeland is in the process of securing this property through grant purchase, giving Copeland direct access for complex victims who need more support. Source: Copeland Borough Council

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4.2.5 Eden Service 1 Name: Eden Housing Association on behalf of EDC Commissioned: No Type of safe Dispersed Self Contained accommodation service: Specialist service provided: No By and for service: Type of specialism: Quality standards met: Yes Name of quality standards met: Notes: Specialist DA support provided to those living in accommodation Source: Eden Housing Association

4.2.6 South Lakeland Service 1 Name: Springfield Domestic Abuse Support South Lakeland Commissioned: Yes Type of safe Women’s refuge accommodation service: Specialist service provided: Yes By and for service: Type of specialism: Domestic abuse, VAWG Quality standards met: Yes Name of quality standards met: Notes: Suitable for single women only. Will not accept families or pregnant women or those with complex support needs. Source: South Lakeland District Council / Springfield

Service 2 Name: Town View Fields Hostel and satellite accommodation Commissioned: No Type of safe LA TA units accommodation service: Specialist service provided: No By and for service: Type of specialism: General needs TA Quality standards met: Yes Name of quality standards met: Notes: This is the TA used by SLDC and is the only option for families fleeing DA apart from B&B as the refuge will not take them. It is also the only option for men fleeing or those with complex support needs. Source: South Lakeland District Council

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4.3 Housing options

4.3.1 Overview: moving on housing options District Move on housing options Allerdale Via Homeless Service. Barrow-in-Furness Cumbria Choice (allocations policy – DA victims / survivors awarded additional preference). Barrow Borough Council housing stock / private rented sector. Carlisle No specialist accommodation provision for those suffering domestic violence other than emergency accommodation provided by the Local Authority. The main source of move on accommodation is into Registered Social Housing, private rented accommodation and supported accommodation are also used. However, the supported accommodation available in Carlisle is restricted to 16-25 year old care leavers and only single households with no dependents Copeland Springfield Hostel for low level single females. Calderwood House (10 bed homeless hostel in Egremont for Copeland Local Connection only and will accept DA clients). Whitehaven Community Trust is a hostel for 18-25 with move on supported accommodation in the form of 9 self-contained flats in Whitehaven. Limited access into private sector. Home Group are our largest social housing stockholder in Copeland, Impact and Castles & Coast are the other two providers in Copeland. These are part of Cumbria Choice. Eden No specific move on options. The pathway for victims in Eden is to access dispersed self-contained temporary accommodation which is supported by a specialist domestic abuse support worker. The move on pathways available are social housing and private rented sector which is limited in the area. The DA support worker provides a limited amount of move on support. South Lakeland No information provided.

4.3.2 Allerdale Housing options - homeless service. Supported services attached to TA or via prevention application. Victim Support. The only DA refuge scheme is in South Lakeland and is not instant referral. (Source: Allerdale Borough Council)

4.3.3 Barrow-in-Furness Move on will be primarily via Cumbria Choice. This is a Cumbria wide allocations policy with the victim/survivor being awarded additional preference due to their circumstances, it also enables portability across the County. In Barrow-in-Furness the Borough Council have their own stock and it is relatively easy to get an offer of secure accommodation in a reasonable time frame provided the applicant meets the eligibility criteria for Cumbria Choice. The other option is private rented sector properties. We work closely with a number of Private landlords in the area and offer financial assistance to access. There are also two supported providers in the area who may be accessed if the victim/survivor has complex needs with a requirement for higher level care support and supervision. There are currently two providers of Supported Housing in the Borough who offer accommodation in private sector properties for people with complex needs which could include DA; for eligibility to this accommodation the victim/survivor would need to meet a higher threshold for the need of care, support and supervision. (Source: Barrow Borough Council)

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4.3.4 Carlisle In Carlisle there is no specialist accommodation provision for those suffering domestic violence other than emergency accommodation provided by the Local Authority. The main source of move on accommodation is into Registered Social Housing, private rented accommodation and supported accommodation are also used. However, the supported accommodation available in Carlisle is restricted to 16-25 year old care leavers and only single households with no dependents. (Source: Carlisle City Council)

4.3.5 Copeland Springfield Hostel for low level single females with no D&A issues, Calderwood House is a 10 bed homeless hostel in Egremont for Copeland Local Connection only and will accept DA clients - although not ideal, Whitehaven Community Trust is a hostel for 18-25 with move on supported accommodation in the form of 9 self-contained flats in Whitehaven. Limited access into private sector, but have landlord list of previous landlords we have worked with and have offered incentives like rent in advance etc. This is a barrier as not a lot of landlords want clients that are in receipt of Universal Credit as the rent gets paid to the client. Home Group are our largest social housing stockholder in Copeland, Impact and Castles & Coast are the other two providers in Copeland. These are part of Cumbria Choice and we find it difficult to house when they have previous arrears or ASB issues. (Source: Copeland Borough Council)

4.3.6 Eden There are no specific move on options. The pathway for victims in Eden is to access dispersed self-contained temporary accommodation which is supported by a specialist domestic abuse support worker. The move on pathways available are social housing and private rented sector which is limited in the area. The DA support worker provides a limited amount of move on support. (Source: Eden Housing Association)

4.3.7 South Lakeland Springfield domestic abuse support South Lakeland, domestic abuse accommodation for women. (Source: Springfield) No information provided regarding about move on housing.

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5 Case studies

5.1 Pathway mapping – end to end support journey

5.1.1 Allerdale Case study / scenario 1 Identification / entry point: Self referral - direct contact from the client. Survivor has fled DV from a partner in Margate in the middle of the night. She has previous links to Cumbria and came to a friend initially. Survivor has mental health issues including memory problems. MN brought in partner support services. Got registered on Cumbria Choice and offered property. Assisted with furniture and basic household items. Victim / survivor needs Arrived from out of area so placed in DA temporary accommodation within safe accommodation: property Support given: Support from Megan Nixon (Allerdale Borough Council DA support worker) Women out West, HAWC and Victim Support, crisis team approached, referred to MH team and referral put in to Adult Social Services Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: Megan Nixon, Victim Support, Women out West and HAWC Outcome: Rehoused into Castles and Coasts property. Source: Allerdale Borough Council

Case study / scenario 2 Identification / entry point: Direct approach from the client, survivor fled DV relationship from husband of 17 years. Controlling behaviour and some physical altercations including being locked into their property. She ended the relationship and moved to Workington to support her sick mother during lockdown as the former partner wouldn’t leave her alone. During this time the former partner took sole tenancy of their joint property and their 2 older children stayed with him to retain consistency with their schooling/exams. She had no concerns for the children’s safety. The two other children were remaining with the survivor. Paid FTA with social housing provider and registered on CBL and matched to a property. Assisted with furniture and basic necessities to move into new property. Victim / survivor needs Arrived from neighbouring borough and placed in temporary within safe accommodation: accommodation when her Mother would no longer accommodate her. Support given: Megan Nixon, Freedom Project referral, call placed to CS Safeguarding Hub but didn’t meet criteria. Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: Megan Nixon, Freedom Project Outcome: Rehoused in area in C&C property Source: Allerdale Borough Council

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Case study / scenario 3 Identification / entry point: Self referral, joint owner of a property with his wife, he had recently suffered five strokes and a heart attack - he had mobility issues, memory issues and problems with his speech. He had an OT and was given aids for his property but his wife was throwing them out. He was living in one bedroom due to the abuse. The wife was a drinker and was verbally abusive during the day but this worsened at night when she drinks. He felt so unsafe that he was sleeping in his car. There was also some controlling and cohesive behaviour, she was removing his TV and toilet aids, she also made him stay in his bedroom and was sometimes physically abusive. The survivor was already involved with social services and contact was made with them to discuss safeguarding and support whilst we looked to re- house him (he refused temporary accommodation). We also liaised with family members to ensure his safety and support him. He was rehoused into social housing suitable for his physical disabilities. Victim / survivor needs He refused to accept accommodation so we supported him as within safe accommodation: homeless at home. Support given: Megan Nixon and Adult Social Care Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: Megan Nixon and Adult Social Care Outcome: Rehoused in social housing Source: Allerdale Borough Council

5.1.2 Barrow-in-Furness

Case study / scenario 1 Identification / entry point: Professional referral, identification of DA and client requesting support to leave relationship Victim / survivor needs Wrap around support 1-1 emotional to understand the impact of DA within safe accommodation: on client and children Support given: as above Or reason for service n/a denial: Follow on support: Emotional 1-1 support when needed Outcome: Client has a better understanding of the effects of DA on herself and children. Client stepped down to Early Help Source: Barrow Borough Council / Women’s Community Matters

Case study / scenario 2 Identification / entry point: Self-referral support needed to flee DA Victim / survivor needs Intensive 1-1 emotional support, benefits advice, housing advice and within safe accommodation: legal advice re children Support given: As above Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: Follow on 1-1 emotional support Outcome: Client has own property and custody of children. Is on right benefits and legal issues are ongoing. Family stepped down from CP Source: Barrow Borough Council / Women’s Community Matters

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Case study / scenario 3 Identification / entry point: Professional referral social worker - support to leave DA relationship Victim / survivor needs Own tenancy, benefits advice and support with mental health within safe accommodation: Support given: As above Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: Ongoing 1-1 emotional support, access to groups and courses to build self confidence and social networks, support accessing mental health support Outcome: Source: Barrow Borough Council / Women’s Community Matters

Case study / scenario 4 Identification / entry point: Self-referral. Fled DA from out of area. Victim / survivor needs Requiring housing advice. DA support offered from other services within safe accommodation: plus support from Children’s Services. Ongoing family support in our area. Support given: As above Or reason for service n/a denial: Follow on support: Ongoing support re DA and child from relevant professional services Outcome: Secured social housing through the Councils’ Housing Allocations Scheme. Source: Barrow Borough Council / Women’s Community Matters

Case study / scenario 5 Identification / entry point: Self-referral. Fled DA from out of area. Victim / survivor needs Requiring housing advice and assistance. Involvement from MARAC within safe accommodation: and Police due to level of risk from perpetrator. DA support from other services. Previous tenancy support and discussions with ex- landlord. Ongoing support from family in area and previously lived in area. Temporary accommodation provided. Support given: As above. Or reason for service N/A denial: Follow on support: Ongoing support re DA and from relevant professional services including Police Outcome: Secured social housing through the Council’s Housing Allocations Scheme. Source: Barrow Borough Council / Women’s Community Matters

5.1.3 Carlisle

Case study / scenario 1 Identification / entry point: Presented to homeless services

Victim / survivor needs Place of safety, domestic abuse, safeguarding, mental health, within safe accommodation: alcohol misuse, engagement with Children’s Services and other agencies, tenancy related support, benefit maximisation, debt reduction Support given: As above Or reason for service n/a denial: Follow on support: DAP continued to support Outcome: Positive, managing own home, engagement with services good and no longer involved with CS Source: Carlisle City Council

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Case study / scenario 2 Identification / entry point: Contact from another district in the County Victim / survivor needs Did not want to go into TA within safe accommodation: Support given: Emotional, MARAC referral, signposting, funding applied for and secured, tenancy related supported, safeguarding Or reason for service Wanted to stay with father and not put her child through any further denial: upheaval (community support in tenancy) Follow on support: As above Outcome: Positive -secured tenancy and engaged in services Source: Carlisle City Council

Case study / scenario 3 Identification / entry point: Presented out of hours to TA Victim / survivor needs Drug and alcohol misuse, signposting, tenancy related support, within safe accommodation: safeguarding, crisis intervention Support given: As above Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: None given as moved to another district but case information discussion with DAP officer Outcome: Currently with family in Barrow-in-Furness Source: Carlisle City Council

Case study / scenario 4 Identification / entry point: Via DAP team Victim / survivor needs Benefits budgeting affordability, tenancy related supported, DA within safe accommodation: support grants funding furniture package, emotional support, safety, rent in advance Support given: To meet needs above Or reason for service n/a denial: Follow on support: Provided Outcome: Positive remains in property Source: Carlisle City Council

Case study / scenario 5 Identification / entry point: DAP/Homeless team Victim / survivor needs health, tenancy related support, funding, benefits, DA support, within safe accommodation: emotional support, safeguarding signposting, furniture storage, Bank account ID, bidding on properties, sourcing property Support given: To meet needs above (community based support - prevention) Or reason for service n/a denial: Follow on support: Provided Outcome: remains in property Source: Carlisle City Council

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5.1.4 Copeland

Case study / scenario 1 Identification / entry point: Client presented in Crisis following a Domestic Incident in the home, she had to flee from partner by running out of the house while partner was burning her clothes in the rear garden. Victim had to jump over a locked fence to get away as she was in fear of her life. Workmen working on a nearby roof were witness to what was happening and were able to give a full account to Police which was used in Court. Victim / survivor needs Client was accommodated in one of our secure emergency within safe accommodation: accommodation units the same day. Clothes, food, personal items and a mobile were provided as she was only able to leave with a small handbag containing her medication. Client was accompanied to the Police station where she gave a statement detailing all the incidents she had been subject to. This resulted in partner being arrested and kept in custody until a trial date could be arranged. The risk escalated after she fled, as he done all he could to find her and threatened family members to tell him where she was. We made sure she was accommodated in our secure property which is equipped with special looks and none shadow blinds. We made sure she felt as safe as possible and even allowed her to have her son stay over night should it make her feel safer. Support given: Intensive support provided at the beginning of the case, accompanying to DWP and linking into other services that would help her. The communication was constant over test and phone calls. This then moved to weekly visits after she settled into emergency accommodation, and after the perp was remanded in custody after his arrest. Assisted with application for benefits in hr own right. Accompanied client to appointments with the Job Centre and GP. Once a property was allocated to client a community safety visit referral was made and appropriate recommendations were actioned by the Housing Association. Funding for carpets, white goods and furniture were applied for and we made sure that the long term property was ready and all the relevant safety measure complete before she moved in. Or reason for service N/A denial: Follow on support: Referral to client for debt advice after if was discovered that partner had taken out several loans in clients name without her knowledge. Debt relief Order was applied for and successful resulting in client being debt free. Continued to accompany client to Job Centre appointments and referrals made for confidence building courses. Regular contact was made until client felt that she no longer needed our service. At the beginning of the case the client didn’t feel that she wants linked in to any service as she was embarrassed and ashamed. Now, she wants to get further help and support so a link to the freedom project and has requested to volunteer in the WOW centre to help others in the same situation. Outcome: Client was re-housed into a Housing Association property with extra security measures in place, this enabled client to feel safe and secure in her own home. Partner received custodial sentence and will not be able to relocated to the area once released, a life time restraining order was also given. Source: Copeland Borough Council

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5.1.5 Eden

Case study / scenario 1 Identification / entry point: CJ EHA Victim / survivor needs Victim of three perps within family. Victim Autistic. No experience of within safe accommodation: daily living due to being isolated and controlled. Rural. Intensive DV support. Support given: Emergency acc. Daily Tenancy support. Referral -Autism assessment. CAB- funded a laptop-communication needs. DV advice/MARAC/PREVENT Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: Referral to EDC housing officer Richard Liddle. Referred to HAWC. Funding to set new accommodation by CERT UK. Outcome: Obtained own accommodation with HAWC in place. Diagnosis for autism confirmed and HAWC supporting to apply for PIP and Volunteering. Applied for Divorce. Source: Eden Housing Association

Case study / scenario 2 Identification / entry point: LR EHA Victim / survivor needs Victim. Physical / Sexual. Emergency accommodation. Disability. within safe accommodation: Substance use. No independent living skills. Safety planning. Support given: Emergency accommodation. Tenancy support/benefit advice/refer HITES for the deaf/unity community detox, refer Richard Liddle EDC. Obtained new tenancy/ Adult social care assessment Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: Referred to HITES to equip new home with Aids. Refer to HAWC. Funding for new tenancy set up. Outcome: Moved into own accommodation. HITES provided equip for the deaf. Benefits maximised. Looking to return to finish training in nursing. Source: Eden Housing Association

Case study / scenario 3 Identification / entry point: DD EHA Victim / survivor needs MARAC/ Emergency accommodation/Child protection/ safe within safe accommodation: accommodation/Emergency removal mum and children from home due to COVID lockdown pending/SAFE Alert/Safety advice. Support given: Safe accommodation/Intense long term DV advice/Refer to Cumbria Family Support/ Refer safety net/Refer family fund to set up home and children’s educational needs bikes, laptops, clubs Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: Works with Cumbria Family Support. School liaison with CFS. Outcome: Family well and settled. Perp did not get his gun licence back. Applied for divorce. Mum has new job. Risks remain. Source: Eden Housing Association

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Case study / scenario 4 Identification / entry point: CG EHA Victim / survivor needs Extreme high risk/MARAC/ Child Protection/Safe accommodation out within safe accommodation: of area/ Psychological support/ Court support/DV safety plans / multi- agency response/Single parent/ Support given: Safe accommodation/MARAC/ Safeguarding/Tenancy support/ Safety equipment/Court support/ DHP/Fund to clear tenancy arrears/ Multi agency work/Safe alert Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: Safe accommodation obtained/ Referral for psychological support through DAP fund ongoing tenancy support. Outcome: Re housed safe area/child settled in new school/Court pending/Mum obtained new job/Income maximised/ Remains high risk. Source: Eden Housing Association

Case study / scenario 5 Identification / entry point: SH EHA Victim / survivor needs Perpetrator father, bereaved by mum’s death/left to care for within safe accommodation: father/Mental Health / Significant self harm/ suicidal/isolation and solitary/Risk of suicide/ safe accommodation Support given: Temp accommodation/tenancy support/DV advice guidance/Adult safeguarding/ CMHT/ Referral for funding to set up home/obtained own tenancy. Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: Support to set up new tenancy and multi agency work. Outcome: Settled in accommodation. Got the dog back to live with them. Acceptance of dangers of associating with father. Looking at volunteering. Chose not to continue to work with the HAWC. Source: Eden Housing Association

5.1.6 South Lakeland

5.1.6.1 South Lakeland District Council

Case study / scenario 1 Identification / entry point: Discussed at MARAC applicant then self referred to us Victim / survivor needs Victim offered TA chose to remain her accommodation as perp was within safe accommodation: on remand, safety advice given by police Support given: Homeless application taken, advice given re: TA, client supported throughout to make own choices, Victim Support, Police already involved. Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: Rent in advance paid by SLDC to help her into a new property, ongoing support from IDVA and Police Outcome: Client successfully assisted in finding new housing in an area away from the perp where she felt safe. Source: South Lakeland District Council

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Case study / scenario 2 Identification / entry point: Individual self-referred into the service, previously discussed at MARAC but not working with us at the time Victim / survivor needs applicant refused offer of TA wanted to remain where she was within safe accommodation: Support given: applicant was staying with a family member and felt safe to remain there, homeless application taken, banding increased and advice and support given. Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: All services already involved due to MARAC Outcome: applicant successfully applied for social housing, assisted with rent in advance. Source: South Lakeland District Council

Case study / scenario 3 Identification / entry point: Multiple applications made from this person due to ongoing DA and returning to the perpetrator Victim / survivor needs Multiple complex needs, drug and alcohol, mental health needs due within safe accommodation: to drug use, placed into TA each time, homeless application taken each time, all services are involved (unity, MH, social services, police, VS etc.) Support given: Assisted with attending appointments, benefits, TA, referrals into refuges (refused by applicant) 1:1 worker, partnership working Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: Victim disengages every time and returns to perpetrator Outcome: Left TA to return to Perp, ongoing support offered via social services and they know they can contact us again. Source: South Lakeland District Council

Case study / scenario 4 Identification / entry point: Self referral Victim / survivor needs Victim offered TA didn’t want to enter into hostel, found her own TA within safe accommodation: and advice given re: claiming HB to pay for it Support given: Refused referrals into any agencies Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: No support uptake so no follow on support given, was helped by SLDC with rent in advance being paid. Outcome: successfully moved into social housing Source: South Lakeland District Council

Case study / scenario 5 Identification / entry point: Heard at MARAC client self-referred a few months later Victim / survivor needs needed level access accommodation due to mobility needs of within safe accommodation: household member, support to apply for properties and banding increased Support given: all appropriate advice given and applicant already has ongoing support from IDVA Or reason for service denial: Follow on support: 1:1 worker at hostel ongoing support Outcome: still in TA at this time. Source: South Lakeland District Council

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5.1.6.2 South Lakeland (Springfield)

Case study / scenario 1 Identification / entry point: Domestic Abuse, Honour Based Abuse, Sexual Violence, Domestic Servitude Victim / survivor needs Permanent Leave to remain in the UK, CJS support, Health Needs, within safe accommodation: Educational Needs (English lessons), Therapeutic support, financial support, physical support needs Support given: Financial, emotional, health, therapeutic counselling, ESOL lessons, Secured a tenancy, Educational needs, Or reason for service N/A denial: Follow on support: Service users continues to access our service via our Community Hub, ongoing contact and contact maintained with the housing provider Outcome: Service users is settled in her own accommodation, works locally , in further education, and is living a life free from abuse. Checks in with us regularly. Source: Springfield Case study / scenario 2 Identification / entry point: Sexual Exploitation, DA both emotional, physical, and sexual. high mental health needs, historic substance misuse, self harming, Victim / survivor needs A full package of support needs and multi agency work. within safe accommodation: Support given: Access to Springfield’s Trauma counselling (20 sessions) Working with MH/Crisis Team. Sexual health needs, Financial, Housing, Therapeutic support, Educational support Or reason for service N/A denial: Follow on support: ongoing trauma counselling, access to our Community Hub/Group work and therapeutic sessions, check in's with refuge staff Outcome: Service users has her own secure tenancy, she continues to receive Trauma Counselling from us and living a life free from exploitation and abuse Source: Springfield Case study / scenario 3 Identification / entry point: Travelling Community, High risk, physical, domestic abuse both emotional, controlling, sexual. Historic childhood sexual abuse, Historic Alcohol Abuse Victim / survivor needs Safety as very high risk, housing, mental health support/counselling, within safe accommodation: financial support (benefits) Legal support Support given: No ID so identity had to be established for bank accounts/benefits, emotional support, Therapeutic support, attended DA recovery groups, police support Or reason for service N/A denial: Follow on support: Secure safe housing provided, ongoing support available from our community hub, Contact telephone numbers to out 24/7 on call number Outcome: She is living in safe, secure accommodation, free from abuse and moving on with her new happy life. Source: Springfield

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Case study / scenario 4 Identification / entry point: Forced Marriage, Honour Based Abuse, Domestic Abuse, repatriation into the UK (Police flew to Bangladesh and bought her back to the UK) Victim / survivor needs Police, CJS, Forced Marriage Unit, culturally relevant support re within safe accommodation: specialist services, financial support, immigration status (residency) Support given: Emotional, advocacy, support with police, Karma Nirvana, Forced Marriage Unit, Home Office, Forced Marriage Protection Order in place Or reason for service N/A denial: Follow on support: No support wanted, please see below. Outcome: Returned back to her parents, police and safeguarding involvement, safety checks carried out by social services and police. Source: Springfield Case study / scenario 5 Identification / entry point: Domestic abuse both emotional, financial, physical, Controlling behaviour Victim / survivor needs High Mental Health Needs, Educational Needs (limited reading and within safe accommodation: writing) emotional support, financial advocacy (no ID/bank account) Support given: Mental Health and Crisis Team, Medication reviews, Benefits review, liaising with bank re financial abuse, DWP, Support with educational needs (tutor), police support Or reason for service N/A denial: Follow on support: Support still ongoing Outcome: Support still ongoing Source: Springfield

5.1.7 Safety Net

Case study / scenario 1 Identification / entry point: Self Referral Victim / survivor needs Domestic abuse support within Homeless Hostel within safe accommodation: Support given: Assessment of need identified non permanent accommodation and Crisis/safety support needs to be addressed prior to support. Or reason for service Recovery support unsuitable in temporary accommodation, safety denial: and stability work to be completed first. Follow on support: IDVA/ISVA , IVA, support workers attached to accommodation. Outcome: Referrals made to support services identified, with information that our Trauma Informed Practitioners could provide therapeutic support at a later date whilst still in temporary accommodation. Source: Safety Net

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Case study / scenario 2 Identification / entry point: Victim Support IDVA Victim / survivor needs Domestic abuse support, after client has moved to rented within safe accommodation: accommodation from temporary housing. Support given: Assessment made and support with practical needs of tenancy support, benefits, home management, with therapeutic support of understanding the impact of trauma, improving resilience , self esteem, reducing anxiety, risk taking behaviours, self care Or reason for service N/A denial: Follow on support: Following Trauma Informed Practitioner Support, Client accessed our counselling services to help with the impacts of trauma, Psychoeducational work on trauma and improved positive coping strategies. Outcome: Client complete 40 session in total of support over the 2 services of support that we offer. Source: Safety Net Case study / scenario 3 Identification / entry point: Self referral -(request from mental health for Client to self refer) Victim / survivor needs Domestic abuse support in temporary accommodation within safe accommodation: Support given: Assessment identified temporary accommodation , client had a suicide attempt 2 weeks prior to referral and has been using drugs and alcohol as a means of coping. Safety and stabilisation work needs to be complete, support from D&A Or reason for service Does not fit eligibility criteria for service denial: Follow on support: Unity / CADAS referrals made, Multi agency work with mental health to identify their plan for support and reinforce our eligibility of 3 months of safety and stability following a suicide attempt prior to referral. GP support in place Outcome: Not suitable for service, onward referrals made information provided to agencies on support we can offer and when. Source: Safety Net Case study / scenario 4 Identification / entry point: Women out West: Agency referral Victim / survivor needs Domestic abuse support moving into permanent accommodation within safe accommodation: Support given: Assessment of need identified support for understanding role of perpetrator, loss grief, self care, health relationships, blame, guilt, shame, self worth, self esteem, self compassion. Or reason for service N/A denial: Follow on support: Became a volunteer for Safety Net, Outcome: Client completed 26 sessions of counselling, returned to work, became a volunteer which helped with their reintegration back into their community. Source: Safety Net

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5.2 Service user personal experiences of support

5.2.1 Allerdale

Victim / survivor 1 Services: Megan Nixon, Victim Support, Women out West and HAWC Experience: Survivor states that the services are fantastic, Megan Nixon is amazing and she hopes the support can continue. She states that she may have returned to the perpetrator if the services hadn’t been there. She also stated that she had applied to Kent LA as homeless fleeing DA, she states that they told her she wasn’t vulnerable, didn’t have mental health issues and that they couldn’t help her - hence she was amazed by the help and support we have provided. She said that she can’t thank Megan enough and has been overwhelmed by the help and support provided. Source: Allerdale Borough Council Victim / survivor 2 Services: MN Allerdale DA support worker and The Freedom Project Experience: Mandy reported that she feels the services were great, she is so grateful for the support provided and feels without it, she may have returned home to the perpetrator. She states that she thinks its fab that there are these services out there to help her. She is in a much better place physically and mentally and our services have contributed to this. Source: Allerdale Borough Council

5.2.2 Barrow-in-Furness

Victim / survivor 1 Services: Emergency refuge accommodation out of area, legal and translations service as well as Home Office support Experience: English not first languages so language barriers, placement more than 50 miles away due to not alternative emergency spaces available. Refuge space very accommodating of cultural issues however due to Covid restrictions minimal support was available. What worked well was communication between professionals and client was treated with respect but as client had no recourse to public funds, this was an area where the professionals involved had limited experience so the support took a long time to be put in place. Source: Barrow Borough Council / Women’s Community Matters

Victim / survivor 2 Services: Temporary emergency DA housing provided my LA. Experience: Feedback given that the local council were lovely, very understanding, everything happened very quickly, services and support were easily accessed and the client felt treated with care and respect by local council and supporting agencies Source: Barrow Borough Council / Women’s Community Matters

Victim / survivor 3 Services: Third sector community housing, practical and emotional support Experience: Mostly a good experience for the client, the contact between professionals was good and client didn’t need to keep repeating the story, the contact between two police forces was patchy at best as client moved from one LA to another with an ongoing DA case. services were easily accessible but there was a bit of a wait for community homes to have accommodation available. Source: Barrow Borough Council / Women’s Community Matters

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Victim / survivor 4 Services: Housing advice by LA and support from children services Experience: Support given and managed to secure accommodation through the LA quickly. Source: Barrow Borough Council / Women’s Community Matters

Victim / survivor 5 Services: Temporary accommodation provided by LA Experience: Happy with the temporary accommodation placement, set up and the service provided by different agencies. Assistance was given by LA to complete HB form and pay the charges for the temporary accommodation Source: Barrow Borough Council / Women’s Community Matters

5.2.3 Carlisle

Victim / survivor 1 Services: Homeless, DAP, Temporary accommodation Experience: felt supported, was previously never allowed to do own things it was confusing but staff explained everything, help to claim benefits and manage money. DAP helped as I felt so scared but staff member made me feel better. I got help to find a new home. Source: Carlisle City Council

Victim / survivor 2 Services: Homeless, DAP, Temporary accommodation Experience: it was very scary because I didn’t know anyone but staff helped me get a new home and helped with setting it up. I wouldn’t of know what to do if staff didn’t help me and I know tenancy related support, DA and emotional support, signposting and moving into a new home, applying for funding and setting up the tenancy, follow on support, income maximisation I can contact staff if I have any problems. Source: Carlisle City Council

Victim / survivor 3 Services: Homeless, DAP, Temporary accommodation Experience: Staff helped me with everything and were so patient, tenancy related support, DA and emotional support, signposting and moving into a new home, applying for funding and setting up the tenancy, follow on support, income maximisation Source: Carlisle City Council

Victim / survivor 4 Services: Homeless, DAP, Temporary accommodation Experience: I had a lot of support with tenancy set up and finding a new home and school for my son. Tenancy related support, DA and emotional support, signposting and moving into a new home, applying for funding and setting up the tenancy, follow on support, income maximisation Source: Carlisle City Council

5.2.4 Copeland No case studies provided by Copeland Borough Council.

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5.2.5 Eden

Victim / survivor 1 Services: DAP/MARAC/HAWC/CERT UK/NHS AUTISM Assess/Housing Options/CCC Ways to welfare/EDC Housing officer/ Solicitors Experience: Communication was difficult initially due to high levels of anxiety. Some agencies struggled to communicate not understanding that the victim needs face to face support. Scared, Bewildering experience/complex situation/struggling to comprehend why family would do this to them. Teaching self about DV. Very anxious and comes across as hostile but aware. Family member liaises with agencies to support them to help the victim. DAP officer is experienced with working with Autism so was able to meets the needs. Many aspects are evident in this case including the involvement with PREVENT. Support was intensive but still confusing. Victim was experiencing life skills they knew nothing about. HAWC continues to offer long term intense support. Source: Eden Housing Association

Victim / survivor 2 Services: DAP/Housing Options/HITES/BUTTLE UK/EDC Housing officer/HAWC/Adult Social Care/UNITY/ Victim Support/ Salvation Army Experience: Initially hostile and not safe to lone work but due to disbelief that they were homeless and intoxicated. Victim was scared and felt helpless. Couldn’t believe they were in this situation. Eventually acceptance came and support was a good thing. Became self motivated and then couldn’t believe that this service was available. All the help received from different people. Struggled to breaks free of support but Adult social care became involved to complete an assessment. The HAWC was no longer suitable due to not being ready to work at this time. Loved the new flat and very proud of self. Source: Eden Housing Association

Victim / survivor 3 Services: DAP/Cumbria Family Support/Early Help/Safetynet/Buttle UK Family Fund/MARAC/Cumbria Safeguarding Board/Housing Options/Solicitors /Victim support/Salvation Army Experience: Came in twice to DAP for advice. First time advice was given on how to leave safely. How to prepare and what to have ready at another location. Came back in a year later advising that she wanted to leave, risks had increased as more disclosures were made. Refer to MARAC. Plan in place with friends home to go to with the children and the date set. Schools informed. But COVID erupted and the Police turned up out of the blue to remove mum and get the children safe from schools. Mum was annoyed with the Police as it had scuppered her year long plan and was terrified as she came out with a bag and nothing else. Children’s belongings were left. This was due to the risk of firearms unsecured on the property. Shortly after mum realised the Police did the right thing and can’t bear to think what would have happened when she realised she would have been locked down with the perpetrator. From there they were open to all support offered and has welcomed as much support as possible. The family lost all personal belongings which was difficult for the children but we sought funding to get all the children needed to replace what they had such a bikes sports equip, educational goods such as laptops and books . Art supplies and personalisation of their rooms. Funding for karate club to continue. On top of this Cumbria Family Support liaised with school and help mum re build the fragile relationship with mum and help them manage loss. Felt she would have left many years ago had she known services such as this were available. Source: Eden Housing Association

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Victim / survivor 4 Services: MARAC/DAP/Victim Support/ Children’s Service/Housing Options/ EDC DHP/Riverside Housing/Salvation Army/ Experience: Just in awe of the help they have received and continue to receive and significantly the trauma therapy she will get to experience after the move into own accommodation. Mum struggles with the concept of temp accommodation and close intense support but as time went on risks increased and safety of the temp accommodation became a pivotal part in their recovery process. Able now to relax and look forward to the future and says she is so pleased we didn’t give up on her when she was avoidant of support. Claiming that it was hard when she still loved the perp at that point. Source: Eden Housing Association

Victim / survivor 5 Services: DAP/ Housing Options/CMHT/CRISIS Team/ EDC COVID FUND/ SAFA/Lighthouse/First Steps/HAWC/Salvation Army Experience: Placed in bed and breakfast but detested it and left due to not feeling safe. A temp flat was found. The victim stated they felt isolated and the loneliest person in the world. She stated she did not like the HAWC and she didn’t understand why she needed to do any work or volunteer. Felt unable to make friends and agencies were the only friends she had. Boundaries were very mixed and a tendency to over communicate with workers which she didn’t feel was not appropriate. Source: Eden Housing Association

5.2.6 South Lakeland

5.2.6.1 South Lakeland District Council

Victim / survivor 1 Services: Police/Victim support Experience: Positive change- moved into alt accommodation. Source: South Lakeland District Council Victim / survivor 2 Services: MARAC Experience: Did not want TA but was able to remain with family member. Engaged in order to move on to alternative accommodation. Source: South Lakeland District Council Victim / survivor 3 Services: Engaging with unity, MH, social services, police, VS Experience: Returned to Perpetrator, complex needs - social services remain involved. Source: South Lakeland District Council

5.2.6.2 South Lakeland (Springfield)

Victim / survivor 1 Services: Financial, emotional, health, therapeutic counselling, ESOL lessons, Secured a tenancy, Educational needs, Experience: Lack of understanding outside of the refuge, makeshift prayer room prepared in refuge, cultural practices/ Halal food not available locally, racial abuse in town centre. The only services that communicated in own language was First Step (written and verbally) and the GP who provided translators. Initially reluctant to talk about what had happened, wasn’t comfortable working with a Karma Nirvana and felt better working with refuge staff as trust was established. Source: Springfield

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Victim / survivor 2 Services: Access to Springfield’s Trauma counselling (20 sessions) Working with MH/Crisis Team. Sexual health needs, Financial, Housing, Therapeutic support, Educational support Experience: Sometimes found it difficult to live in shared accommodation, trust issues as been let down by multiple services in the past especially the police. Other residents got on her nerves at times and mental health needs made this even more difficult. Mental Health Team didn’t really do much but the trauma counsellor Karen really did help. Source: Springfield Victim / survivor 3 Services: No ID so identity had to be established for bank accounts/benefits, emotional support, Therapeutic support, attended DA recovery groups, police support Experience: Had been married to the perp for a long time, found it impossible to leave the relationship, service user tried to kill herself in her car and realised she needed to get out. She didn’t realise the extent of her abuse and during her stay she was very happy at the refuge, she finally felt free to live her own life and she felt her confidence grew and she felt more able to cope with whatever life threw at her. Source: Springfield Victim / survivor 4 Services: Emotional, advocacy, support with police, Karma Nirvana, Forced Marriage Unit, Home Office, Forced Marriage Protection Order in place Experience: Initially supported the police and after a month of so didn’t feel she needed support and really missed her family, would have left earlier but couldn’t because of the national lockdown, the police had it wrong and made social services remove her brother from the family home whilst they investigated. Really annoyed that a forced marriage protection order was put in place. Okay at the refuge but felt she didn’t need to be here. Source: Springfield Victim / survivor 5 Services: Mental Health and Crisis Team, Medication reviews, Benefits review, liaising with bank re financial abuse, DWP, Support with educational needs (tutor), police support Experience: Really happy at the refuge, the support is fab as she has never received as much support as she is getting now from other services, she is looking forward to being able to read and write. Source: Springfield

5.2.7 Gateway for Women

5.2.7.1 Gateway for Women, case study 1 Case Study 16/09/20 Miss A Miss A, age 61 first attended Gateway4Women in February 2019. Whilst completing a registration form with her she began to disclose domestic abuse that she was experiencing at home from her husband. She sat for 3 hours explaining her situation. Although she talked at length, she showed no understanding that what she was experiencing was abusive. She told me that she had sought advice over her finances with a solicitor who had asked her to contact ‘Turning the Spotlight’ to see if she and her husband could access some support with their relationship. Miss A explained that ‘Turning the Spotlight’ had carried out a Safelives Dash Risk Assessment over the phone in January 2019. Miss A had scored 12 on this and so was deemed to not be high risk. This had settled Miss A’s mind that she was as originally thought, not in an abusive relationship. We immediately carried out another risk assessment and explained to Miss A that she had scored highly and that a referral would need to be made to MARAC in order to safeguard her. Miss A was clearly shocked and bewildered by this and stated that she thought it was an unnecessary fuss. She said that she was a very wealthy businesswoman, that they owned a great deal of land and properties and that domestic abuse didn’t happen to people like her. During the next few days we met with the police and each time Miss A disclosed more and more abuse and violence. At one point she looked over to where the police officer

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and I were sat and said, “Is this really abuse?” We both responded, firmly “Yes!” Miss A looked horrified. Once the MARAC process was over, I invited Miss A to join our ‘Beautiful Women, Beautiful Me’ personal development course. She said that she didn’t know if she wanted to spend time with ‘the kind of women who attended the centre because she had nothing in common with them’. Eventually she agreed to give it a try. Over the 12-week course I observed Miss A flourish. She made friends and went on to participate on our Health and Well-being group and currently on our healthy relationship course ‘My Relationships and Me’. She spent months researching domestic abuse and reflecting on not only her current relationship but also her past relationships. She realised that she has suffered from life long abusive relationships. Miss A made strong, supportive friendships within the women’s centre, attended regular one to one appointments with us and has recently moved into her own home. During lockdown (January 2021) Miss A embarked on our Freedom Programme which we have offered via Zoom twice weekly. This course has helped her to reflect on her abusive relationship with her ex- partner and to become more aware of early warning signs that may suggest she could be entering another abusive relationship. Miss A continues to grow stronger and more self-confident and self-aware.

5.2.7.2 Gateway for Women, case study 2 Case Study 6/1/21 Miss A Miss A, age 33 was referred to us from the Crisis Team December 2020. The Crisis Team were treating her for severe depression exasperated by the birth of her second son born in January 2020. They had suggested to Miss A that Gateway4Women could provide her with confidence building courses and one to one support. My first contact with Miss A was last December via telephone (due to Covid restrictions). During this registration meeting Miss A questioned if I thought her partner may be abusive. Miss A explained that she had been with her partner Mr B for 14 years and he was the father of her 2 sons aged 4 and 11 months. She described their relationship as ‘chaotic’ and that they had separated on several occasions over the years due to Mr B’s ‘nasty tongue’ and occasional physical violence to her. She insisted that he hadn’t been physically violent towards her since before her last pregnancy. However, she had been physically violent to him on one occasion recently which she claimed was due to the stress he was causing her with his constant derogatory comments. The outcome of this was that the family were now supported by Children’s Services with an allocated social worker. At this point Miss A insisted that she wanted to work things out with Mr B for the sake of the children. She hoped that her antidepressants would ‘make her a better partner’. When I asked her to explain what this meant to her, she told me that Mr B had told her this. She became very tearful at this point and asked that we end our phone call. She requested that I contact her after the Christmas break. Two days later Miss A rang me in tears. She had received a call from a neighbour claiming that she had been having an affair with Mr B for the past 16 months. She sent Miss A explicit photographs to prove this and most distressingly, a photograph of Mr B holding their new-born baby. Miss A described feeling lower than ever, lacking in any motivation and desperate to find a way to forgive Mr B and keep her family together. We continued through December with telephone contact. Miss A had her medication increased, her social worker funded a nursery place for the boys which meant Miss A had some much-needed respite and was beginning to feel much more motivated. She told me that our telephone chats were helping her ‘offload’ and start to consider her future. We had arranged to meet face to face in the centre in January but due to Covid restrictions I contacted Miss A via telephone on 4/1/20. She began by telling me how much our contact had made her feel stronger. Over the Christmas break she had discovered that Mr B had registered his facebook account using her contact number. She had received a message to reactivate facebook and when she clicked on the link it took her into Mr B’s facebook account. There she discovered he had been seeing many different women over a long period of time including straight after her giving birth. When she confronted Mr B he told her she was paranoid, mental and a liar. He even went as far as reporting her to the police for hacking his phone. A woman then contacted her asking her to tell Mr B to stop bothering her, she seemed surprised that Miss A was at home and not sectioned as she’d been led to believe by Mr B. Miss A told me that was the final straw. She began to recognise all of his behaviour over the years as emotional, verbal and physical abuse. She said that no one had ever believed her as he was so convincingly caring in the

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presence of family and friends. She explained that having me to listen to her and believe her had given her the strength to speak to her Aunt and with her support she asked him to leave. Mr B left the family home at New Year and Miss A is determined to grow in strength and confidence. We remain in weekly contact. Miss A will join my Freedom Programme which will currently be delivered via Zoom. She has also asked to be placed on the waiting list for Beautiful Women/Beautiful Me.

5.2.7.3 Gateway for Women, case study 3 11/03/2020 Client A Client A first attended G4W in September 2019 on the advice of the CAB. She had attended the CAB to disclose the behaviour of her husband of 20 years. Client A explained that her husband hadn’t always been verbally abusive and controlling, but his behaviour had escalated over the past few years. She stated that she felt very frightened as he had begun to push her. Client A is 54 years old. They have a son who has just turned 18. Client A told me that she felt that she wanted to leave her husband but was worried about her son and their dog. She had not worked throughout their marriage and her husband controlled all of their finances, giving her a very small allowance to buy food and any personal items. She was very concerned how she would manage on her own. She went on to say that she originally moved to Carlisle as she fled a previously abusive relationship. She had a friend who lived here, and she supported Client A to move here and settle into a flat of her own. Client A said that the thought of being on her own and starting again was extremely daunting. Client A told me that her husband was extremely angry and controlling. She felt that she was constantly walking on eggshells and was feeling very depressed. She explained that he constantly put her down, telling her she was useless in the house, commenting on her appearance, a useless wife and mother. He said these things to her in front of their son who preferred to spend time in his room rather than endure the atmosphere downstairs. She described feeling ‘constantly policed’ and that he had completely isolated her from her family and friends. A few days earlier Client A’s husband threatened to kill himself, he put a rope over his shoulder and climbed over the garden fence saying he had a favourite tree and he was going to use it. Their son witnessed this and told his Mum that if anything happened to his Dad that he wouldn’t ever forgive her. He has since started to push her hard when shouting at her. Client A described feeling like life wasn’t worth living at times. She felt depressed and was suffering from terrifying night terrors. I contacted the police as Client A said that she wanted to press charges. After a lengthy interview Client A disclosed that she had pushed her husband in self-defence. Whilst the police understood that she was pushed to it they decided that there was no point proceeding as it could lead to her own prosecution. Client A’s case was heard at MARAC and she was given a mobile phone to help protect her. She had several appointments with Victim Support, we visited her GP together and she was referred to First Step for further support. She then embarked on our ‘Beautiful Women, Beautiful Me’ course, followed by ‘My Relationships and Me’. The courses began to empower her, and she made some good friends with the other women in the group. She stopped rushing home early to make sure her husbands tea was on the table and began meeting her new friends out of the centre. For a while Client A’s life seemed happier. She said that ‘coming to the centre had changed her life and enabled her to make friends’. She then stopped attending. Several weeks of no contact and then in January 2020 she attended a drop-in session and asked me for a chat. She explained that there was no difference at home and that her husband had assaulted their son and she had to pull him away. She told him that she was going to leave him, and he gave her until the end of the month to leave. He told her that the house was his (mortgage in his name only) and that she wouldn’t get a penny off him. He also led her to believe that once she left him, she would be housed next to drug users and he’d never have her back. Client A was now adamant that she wanted to leave him. She agreed to me contacting the homeless department and an appointment was organised for the next morning. I met Client A the next morning and she was interviewed by the homeless department. She was taken straight to a women’s hostel. At this time, she had no belongings, only her handbag containing a mobile phone and a purse. She had no keys to the house as her husband had taken them off her. She was

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visibly traumatised by everything going on around her. Client A was completely out of her comfort zone but extremely determined to start a fresh. She has currently been in the hostel for 6 weeks. She has made friends in there and is extremely grateful to the supportive staff who have helped her with finding housing. She now receives Universal Credit in her own name and for the first time in her married life is in charge of her own finances. Her husband remains verbally abusive whenever she returns to the house to see her son or to collect belongings. In her words ‘but it doesn’t matter because I can just walk out the door and know I’m going to a safe place.’ Today Client A was offered all she has hoped for ‘a key to my own front door’. She continues to attend Gateway4Women and is also volunteering in our pre-loved shop and is also helping in the kitchen at the hostel. She says that the first 2 weeks were the hardest. She felt extremely lonely and confused and very nearly went back to her husband but didn’t and remained in the hostel. Client A was given her much longed for ‘front door keys’ the day the country locked down due to Coronavirus. Gateway4Women closed and all staff went to work remotely from home. This meant that Client A had only telephone contact with me. The hostel couldn’t get to her new home to furnish and equip it as had been promised. Client A now had an empty shell rather than the home she’d longed for. She managed to obtain a bed and some bedding from one of our clients and various kitchen equipment from another. Staff applied for an emergency grant and within the week Client A had a sofa, cooker, fridge and a washing machine as well as a rug to cover her bare floors. Over the next few weeks in lockdown she appeared to settle into her new home, making friends with some of the neighbours and keeping in touch with her son. We spoke on the phone 2 or 3 times a week and I managed her Universal Credit online for her as she had no access to a computer. Suddenly she stopped answering my calls, when I eventually spoke to her she explained that she had felt very lonely and had returned to her husband. She said that she realised that he had not changed and had returned to her bungalow. She spoke to her GP and he increased her antidepressants. In September of this year, Client A approached a solicitor to apply for a divorce. She explained to me that she felt the time was right and that her depression and anxiety was improving. As she was now able to attend Gateway4Women again I enrolled her onto our Freedom Programme to enable her to begin to understand the severity of what she had endured while living with her husband. At this time Client A began talking a lot about what her husband was saying. I observed her becoming increasingly anxious. She then informed me that she had considered taking an overdose and was now being visited regularly by the Home Treatment Team. She seemed to pick up a little over the next few days but telling me that she was afraid of the dark nights getting closer she once again returned to live with her husband.

5.2.7.4 Gateway for Women, case study 4 Freedom Case Studies Cohort 4 January – March 2020 Client A Client A is a woman in her mid 40’s. She joined the programme 4 weeks in. She had left her husband and had been staying with her mother for a week. Her mother was desperate that her daughter didn’t return to her husband but felt she would as this pattern had been going on for some time. Client A was adamant that she wouldn’t. During the same week as she joined Freedom we helped her to sort out Universal Credit so that she would have money in her own right and not the £15 a week that her husband was allowing her. Just before the next session of Freedom, Client A rang me and thanked me for all of our support but she was now back with her husband. I reassured her that we would always be there for if she needed us. Four weeks went by and Client A rang and asked if she could have an appointment with me. She said she had left her husband. He had continued to be controlling towards her and the final straw came in a restaurant when he told her that he was reducing her money from £15 a week to £10. She tipped the table, food and drink on to him and walked out. She said that she had read Freedom Programme information book and thought about her sessions on Freedom and knew that she could no longer live with him. She has since completed the programme and is living with her mother once more.

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Client B Client B has been attending the centre for approximately a year. She is 5 years out of an extremely controlling and sexually abusive relationship. Client B is a very closed book. She has spent 5 years isolating herself for fear of her ex finding out where she lives. She rarely leaves the house and the centre has been her saviour. She has made good friends and her confidence has grown. Client B is extremely knowledgeable with all things relating to domestic abuse. She wanted to be part of the Freedom Programme but felt that she may not learn much more. She has been a great support to the women in the group and came to me one day and asked if she could tell the story of her abuse. This was a massive deal for her as she never talks about it. We sat at the end of the session and she brought us all close to tears with her harrowing story. Client B has now agreed to mentor on future programmes. Client C Client C has been attending the centre for approximately 2 years. She lives with a very controlling, financially abusive husband. Her son has learning disabilities and she feels that there is no way out for her. She spends 1:1 meeting pouring her heart out and then backing off and minimising what she has said. I have observed Client C throughout the programme, and she is getting stronger. She in her own words is finally realising that it is not her fault and not her imagination. Her input in group show how much insight she has into domestic abuse. Client C continues to live with her husband but with 1:1 support, group support and Freedom Programme she continues to become stronger, more self-confident and with greater self-esteem.

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6 Appendices / supporting information

6.1 Children’s Social Care – gaps in support for young victims Gaps in support for young victims/witness of DV in Cumbria, what the current provision is and what is currently provided via CSC

What is current provision - partners: Safety Net – West Cumbria Provides Domestic Abuse Trauma Informed Counselling and Support Services. Safety Net are providing weekly trauma informed therapeutic or support sessions and have practical and emotional support in place. The service will also provide advice and signpost where necessary. Contact [email protected] or call 01228 515859 or 07748 682 600

The Freedom Project – West Cumbria Provides Domestic Abuse Counselling and Trauma Support Services. Referrals are accepted using the online referral form at https://www.freedom-project-west- cumbria.org.uk/get-help/ and should someone wish to self-refer contact them via their telephone helpline 07712117986 and/or email hope@freedom-project-west- cumbria.org.uk Support will be provided by 1-1 counselling via video call or telephone sessions.

Operation Encompass: The Police within the Safeguarding Hub review domestic abuse reports to identify those that fall within Operation Encompass criteria. It has to be a domestic abuse incident. Specifically, we would look to disclose on incidents where: - Child aged 4-16 witnessed a domestic abuse incident or was present in the address where the incident occurred (even if they were believed to be asleep). - Child did not witness the incident but was spoken to by police investigating the matter (so for example, incident occurred when child was at school but child was present when police attended to speak to parents later in the day). - Child was not present when incident occurred or when police attended but it is believed that the child will notice injury to parent/s sustained during the incident or will notice damage to property caused during the domestic incident.

Children Centres: Children’s Centres in Cumbria are delivered as part of the Early Help contracts (0 – 19) across all six districts. Allerdale, Barrow, Carlisle and Copeland are managed by Family Action Cumbria, Eden is managed by Barnardo’s and South Lakes by Action for Children. When Domestic Abuse may be a characteristic of a Family the Provider shall ensure Staff, trained in its use, carry out a SafeLives Domestic Abuse, Stalking and ‘honour’ based violence (DASH) Risk Identification Checklist for Adults (18 years+) or a SafeLives Young People’ DASH for Young People (13 to 17 years).

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Notwithstanding a requirement to safeguard Service Users that are at risk of harm or abuse via adherence to CSCB stated procedures, Staff shall refer all Service Users: with a DASH Risk Assessment with a high severity of risk to the Independent Domestic Violence Advisor (IDVA) from Victim Support or SafetyNet service for specialist support.

that are victims of rape or sexual assault to the Independent Sexual Violence Advisor (ISVA) from Victim Support or SafetyNet Service, Bridgeway SARS, or Birchall Trust for specialist support.

The Provider shall, when appropriate, work collaboratively with the Domestic Abuse Disclosure Scheme (DADS) and Multi-agency Risk Assessment Conferences (MARAC) by contribution to the development and implementation of multi-agency plans for Service Users.

The Provider shall support the Domestic and Sexual Abuse Champions Network or similar network by appointing a DV Champion, for each Family Hub, that actively fulfils the expectation of this role.

Providers shall: Provide group or 1:1 Domestic Abuse Recovery Toolkit (DART) 12 week online or group courses by Staff, trained to facilitate the course, to Adults that have experienced Moderate to High severity risk Domestic Abuse.

Provide Child DART courses by a Staff trained to facilitate the course or Tier 1 therapeutic intervention to Children and Young People that have experienced Domestic Abuse.

Service Users with a DASH moderate severity of risk rating shall receive an appropriate level targeted service.

What is provided by CSC: Children Social Care - Signs of Safety = Three houses and Wizard/Fairies, mapping of past harm and potential future danger, risk assessment and safety planning. Directly hearing the child’s voice and how the abuse is affecting them and providing direct support to reduce the impact of DA on them. Early Help Service = Early Help Assessments, providing multi agency support with a lead practitioner identifying the needs of the child. Team around the child, multi- agency support based on the needs of the child. CCC and NHS Commissioned Service - Strengthening Families = The Strengthening Families service is made up from health visitors, school nurses, learning disability nurses and midwives who work together with you to support your whole family when you need it most. We offer advice and support about things like: • child development • behaviour management • long term health conditions • health promotion

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• parenting We can also support your family with their emotional health and wellbeing, signposting you to other services that can provide you with specialist support. We can also support young people in understanding the risks around drug and alcohol use, sexual health and emotional resilience.

What are the gaps? Healthy relationship work with teenagers in groups and 1 to 1 Very few support services available in Millom and surrounding areas. Trauma informed support unavailable in the South of the County. Mental Health services for children who experience DA

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7 Acronyms CADAS Cumbria Alcohol and Drug Advisory Service CJS Criminal Justice System CMHT / MHT Community Mental Health Team COG Code of Guidance CSC Children’s Social Care DA Domestic Abuse DADS Domestic Abuse Disclosure Scheme DAP Domestic Abuse Partnership DHP District Housing Provider DV Domestic Violence EDC Eden District Council ESOL English to Speakers of Other Languages HAWC Health and Wellbeing Coaches HITES Cumbria Hearing Loss Equipment Services (formerly HITES) HMO Houses in Multiple Occupation ID Identification IDVA Independent Domestic Violence Advisor IMD Indices of Multiple Deprivation ISVA Independent Sexual Violence Advisor LGBTQ Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer or Questioning LSOA Lower Super Output Area MARAC Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference MHCLG Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government ONS Office for National Statistics PREVENT PREVENT is 1 of the 4 elements of CONTEST, the Government’s counter-terrorism strategy. It aims to stop people becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism. PSL Private Sector Leasing SAFA Safe Harm Awareness for All VAWG Violence Against Women and Girls WOW Women Out West

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8 References / data sources

Age UK (2020). No Age Limit: the blind spot of older victims and survivors in the Domestic Abuse Bill. Location: https://www.ageuk.org.uk/globalassets/age-uk/documents/reports-and- publications/age_uk_no_age_limit_sept2020.pdf [accessed 30/06/2021]

CACI Ltd (2020). From Acorn, Paycheck and StreetValue datasets. © 1979 – 2020 CACI Limited. This data shall be used solely for academic, personal and / or non- commercial purposes. Community Care Inform. (2018). The toxic trio: what social workers need to know. Location: https://www.communitycare.co.uk/2018/03/05/toxic-trio-social-workers-need-know/ [accessed: 04/06/2021]

Cumbria County Council (2016). Mental Health Joint Strategic Needs Assessment. Location: https://cumbria.gov.uk/elibrary/Content/Internet/536/671/4674/6164/6995/4274114142.PDF [accessed 18/06/2021]

Cumbria Constabulary (2020). Data regarding victims and offenders provided by email by Business Intelligence Developer, September 2020. Cumbria Constabulary (2021). Data regarding domestic violence safeguarding reports and incidents provided by Business Intelligence Developer, May 2021.

District service providers (2021). Domestic abuse safe accommodation service providers - data for 2020-21 provided via email April / May 2021 from the following organisations: ➢ Allerdale Borough Council ➢ Carlisle City Council ➢ Copeland Borough Council ➢ Eden Housing Association ➢ Gateway 4 Women ➢ Safety Net ➢ South Lakeland District Council ➢ Springfield Domestic Abuse Support ➢ Women’s Community Matters

Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government (2019). English Indices of Deprivation 2019. Location: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2019 [accessed 04/06/2021] Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government (2019). Indices of Multiple Deprivation. Location: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2019 [accessed 06/05/2021]

Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government (2020). Live tables on homelessness (detailed local authority level tables: financial year 2019-20). Location: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/live-tables-on-homelessness [accessed 06/05/2021]

NHS Digital (2020). Statistics on Alcohol, England 2020. Location: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and- information/publications/statistical/statistics-on-alcohol/2020 [accessed 18/06/2021]

Office for National Statistics (2011). 2011 Census. Location: https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/2011census [accessed 17/06/2021]

Office for National Statistics (2018). Women most at risk of experiencing partner abuse in England and Wales: years ending March 2015 to 2017. Location:

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https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/womenmostatriskofe xperiencingpartnerabuseinenglandandwales/yearsendingmarch2015to2017 [accessed 05/05/2021]

Office for National Statistics (2020a). Domestic abuse prevalence and trends, England and Wales: year ending March 2020. Location: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/domesticabusepreval enceandtrendsenglandandwales/yearendingmarch2020 [accessed 03/05/2021]

Office for National Statistics (2020b). Domestic abuse in England and Wales – Data Tool. Location: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/datasets/domesticabuseinen glandandwalesdatatool [accessed 30/04/2021]

Office for National Statistics (2020c). Domestic abuse prevalence and victim characteristics – Appendix tables. Location: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/datasets/domesticabuseprev alenceandvictimcharacteristicsappendixtables [accessed 30/04/2021]

Office for National Statistics (2020d). Crime Survey for England and Wales: year ending December 2020. Location: https://www.ons.gov.uk/releases/crimeinenglandandwalesyearendingdecember2020 [accessed 04/06/2021]

Office for National Statistics (2020e). Population estimates. Location: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates [accessed 17/06/2021]

Office for National Statistics (2021). Sexual orientation, UK: 2019. Location: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/sexuality/bulletins/sexualidenti tyuk/2019 [accessed 18/06/2021]

SafeLives (2020). Marac data by Police Force area, region and country (England and Wales). Location: https://safelives.org.uk/practice-support/resources-marac-meetings/latest-marac-data [accessed 06/05/2021]

The Mankind Initiative (2021). Making Invisible Men, Visible. Location: https://www.mankind.org.uk/local-domestic-abuse-partnership-boards/ [accessed 11/06/2021]

Victim Support (2020). Data regarding domestic violence and sexual violence provided by email by Account Manager, November 2020.

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