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Tidskrift För Litteraturvetenskap • .. Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap • Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap Redaktör och ansvarig utgivare: Leif Dahlberg Ekonomi och prenumeration: Maria Wahlström Redaktion: Leif Dahlberg, Michael Nyhaga, Torbjörn Schmidt, Maria Wahlström Från och med nästa nummer flyttar redaktionen till Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen vid Uppsala universitet. Den nya redaktionens adress är: Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen Box 632 75 I 26 Uppsala e-post: [email protected] Bidrag på upp till 25 A4 -sidor. Bidragen levereras i utskrift till n;daktionen samt som e-postbilaga (helst i RTF-format) till [email protected]. Noter bör vara samlade i slutet av artikeln och utformade så att separat litteraturförteck• ning inte behövs. Titlar och citat bör vara väl kontrollerade. Datera alla manuskript och avsluta dem med ditt namn och adressuppgifter samt en kort formell författarpresentation. Korrekturändringar kan inte göras mot manuskriptet. Redaktionen ansvarar inte för obeställt material. Den som skickar material till TFL anses medge elektronisk lagring och publicering. Prenumerationsavgift för hel årgång om fyra nummer är 180 kronor, för stu­ derande '40 kronor. Lösnummerpris 75 kronor, dubbelnummer 100 kronor. Nummer ur äldre årgångar, '997 och tidigare, 25 respektive 40 kronor. Pre­ numeration och lösnummer beställs från redaktionen genom inbetalning på postgiro 63 90 65 - 2. För utrikes betalningar (samma pris): IBAN: SE47 9500 0099 6034 0639 0652 BIC: NDEASESS TFL utges av Föreningen för utgivande av Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap, Lund. Medlemskap kan erhållas mot en avgift av 10 kronor. Redaktionsråd: Eva Hamner Aurelius (Lund), Lisbeth Larsson (Göteborg), Anders Mortensen (Lund), Anders Pettersson (Umeå), Torsten Pettersson (Uppsala), Boel Westin (Stockholm) Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap utges med bidrag från Vetenskapsrådet. Detta temanummer om tvärvetenskaplig berättelseforskning har dessutom fått gene­ rÖsa bidrag från Riksbankens jubileumsfond och Magnus Bergvalls stiftelse. Omslag: Fyris-Tryck AB Grafisk formgivning: Hanna Hård af Segerstad och Fyris-Tryck AB Tryckning: Fyris-Tryck AB, Uppsala. ISSN: II04 - 0556 Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap Trettiotredje årgången. nr 3-4 2004 Göran Rossholm Narratologisk expansion. Inledning ................... 3 Lars-Åke Skalin Vad är en historia? ................................................ 4 Göran Rossholm Koherens och direkthet ..................................... 22 Staffan Carlshamre Vad berättelser betyder ...................................... 38 Staffan Hellberg Berättelser i svensk samtalsforskning ............... 55 Lars-Christer Hyden Tidens väv: om sjukdomsberättelser ................ 70 och Pia Biilow Galina Lindquist Religiös autenticitet som politiskt vapen. Shamanska och buddhistiska berättelser i södra Sibirien .................................................... 84 Mirjam Eladhari Historiekonstruktion i virtuella spelvärldar .... 99 Leif Dahlberg Berättelsens rätt. En läsning av Marguerite Duras Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein ........... II 8 Corinne Susanek Liv i ny kontext. Sverige som alteritet i texter av överlevande från Förintelsen ..................... 137 Johan Lundberg När vindilar flyttar ljusdagrar. Några tematiska mönster i Harry Martinsons diktsamling Tuvor ............................................ 149 Sven Arne Bergmann Feminismen som retorik. Kring uppdateringen aven välkänd myt........ 165 RECENSIONER Agamben, red. Magnus Fiskesjö, Res Publica nr. 62/63 (Per-Anders Forstorp) ..................................... 186 Att anlägga perspektiv, red. Staffan Hellberg & Göran Rossholm (Mikael Pettersson) .......................................... 189 Klaus Briegleb, Missachtung und Tabu. Eine Streitschrift Zur Frage "Wie antisemitisch war die Gruppe 47?" (Sture Packaien) ............................................... 193 Att fånga världen iord. Litteratur och livsåskådning, teoretiska perspektiv, red. Carl Reinhold Bråkenhielm och Torsten Pettersson (Stefano Fogelberg Rota) ................................. 197 Jan Holmgaard, En ironisk historia (Anders Olsson) ............................................... 200 Frank Kjörup, Sprog versus sprog. Mod en versets poetik (Ulf Cronquist) ................................................... 202 Law and Literature, ed. Michael Freeman & Andrew Lewis (Arthur Lewis) ................................................... 205 Det onde i litteraturen, red. Birthe Hoffman& Lilian Munk Rösing (Anders Johansson) ........................................... 2 14 Ordet och köttet. Om teorin kring litterära karaktärer, red. Lars-Åke Skalin och Berättaren. En gäckande röst i texten, red. Lars-Åke Skalin (Erik van Ooijen) .............................................. 218 Eivor Persson, c.J.L. Almqvists slottskrönika och det indirekta skrivsättet Games Spens) ...................................................... 223 Torsten Pettersson, Gåtans namn. Tankens och känslans mönster hos nio finlandssvenska modernister Games Spens) ..................................................... 227 Medarbetare i detta nummer ................................................................... 233 Narratologisk expansion Inledning Av Göran Rossholm Detta temanummer om berättelsens teori är inte det första i tidskriftens historia: för elva år sedan utkom Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap med ett narratologiskt specialnummmer. Leif Dahlberg var redaktör då som nu, och två av de dåtida bidragsgivarna - Lars-Åke Skalin och jag själv - återfinns i föreliggande artikelsamling. Dock finns påfallande skillnader mellan de två numren; framför allt att TFL nr 2-3 I993 uteslutande består av litte­ raturvetenskapliga uppsatser medan dagens texter är författade av forskare från en rad olika discipliner. Förutom tre litteraturvetare - Dahlberg, Skalin och jag själv - bidrar Lars-Christer Hyden och Pia Biilow, bägge knutna till Tema Kommunikation i Linköping, Mirjam Eladhari, ludolog - hon bedriver teoretisk forskning om och utvecklar dataspel - vid högskolan i Visby, Galina Lindquist, socialantropolog, Staffan Carlshamre, teoretisk filosof och Staffan Hellberg, nordist, de tre sistnämnda vid Stockholms universitet. Denna ämnesmässiga spridning speglar utvecklingen i den berättelseteoretiska forskningen under senare tid (dock under en längre period än de senaste elva åren). Fenomenen och begreppen 'berättelse' och 'berättande' har visat sig fruktbara inom lingvistik, filosofi, historieveten­ skap, psykologi, medicin, filmvetenskap, etnologi, antropologi, juridik - ja, det är svårare att ange vetenskaper där narratologisk begreppsbildning inte gjort sig gällande - och omvänt har berättelseteorierna berikats av kontak­ terna med utomlitterära vetenskaper. De nämnda artiklarna presenterades ursprungligen som föredrag vid en narratologisk konferens vid Stockholms universitet 3-5 september 2004, initierad av lingvisten Östen Dahl och finansierad av Riksbankens Jubi­ leumsfond. Syftet med konferensen - och därmed även med föreliggande dubbelnummer - var att förstärka kommunikationen inom det vida fält som den berättelseteoretiska forskningen numera utgör. 3 Vad är en historia? Av Lars-Ake Skalin I detta paper anlägger jag synpunkter på vad som kan uppfattas som två olika sätt att teoretiskt närma sig frågan "Vad är en historia?" Det rör sig å den ena sidan om ett poetologiskt angreppssätt i Aristoteles anda, å den andra ett strukturalistiskt med vissa tillämningar i konstruktivistisk och kognitionsteoretisk riktning. Om termen "narratologi" inte reserveras enbart för den senare typen utan får gälla alla försök att teoretiskt beskriva natur, funktion och form hos företeelser vi refererar till som "berättande", "berättelser" och "fiktion", skulle man kunna tala om två olika slag av narratologier.' (Detta är ingen uttömmande klassifikation - antalet an­ greppssätt behöver inte stanna vid två.) Strategin går ut på att konfrontera dessa båda narratologier med intuitioner som jag menar finns implicita i vardagsspråkets bruk av uttrycket "berätta en historia". Min fråga blir: Går det att utpeka så väsentliga skillnader mellan ansatserna att de inte i någon intressant mening kan sägas ställa frågor till samma "narrativa fält"?" I Tove Janssons Kometen kommer (1968) drar, som bekant, de tre figurer­ na Mumintrollet, Snusmumriken och det lilla djuret Sniff ut för att söka information om den komet som varslats. Färden och väntan blir långa, och när man ibland har behov av tidsfördriv sker detta med två typer av inslag, av vilka Snusmumriken står för båda. Han underhåller genom att framföra visor till ackompanjemang på munharmonika och han berättar historier. Vid ett tillfälle heter det så här: Det var en bra visa, sa mumintrollet. Men man fick inte klart för sig hur det gick för humlan och om maskeraden var rolig. Berätta nånting för oss i stället. Snusmumriken funderade en stund. Sen sa han: Berättade jag nånsin om dedär snorkarna jag träffade för några veckor sen? Nej, sa mumintrollet. Vad är en snork? [---J Dehär snorkarna var [... J mycket lika dig, sa Snusmumriken [... J.Jag menar konturerna. [Snorkens] Wlasyster [---J var helt och hållet täckt av ett fint mjukt ludd och hade pannlugg som hon ideligen borstade. 4 VAD ÄR EN HISTORIA? Så fånigt, sa mumintrollet. Mi hur gick det sen dJå, frågade Sniff. A, det hände ingenting särskilt, sa Snusmumriken. Hon vävde små sovmattor och kokade snälla soppor om man hade ont i magen. Sen gick hon med blommor bakom öronen och hade en guldring om vänstra foten. Men det är ju ingen historia,
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