Protea Neriifolia Susannae Pink Ice

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Protea neriifolia susannae Pink Ice Protea neriifolia susannae Pink Ice Botanical Name: Protea neriifolia susannae Pink Ice Common Names: Sugarbush, Native: No Foliage Type: Evergreen Plant Type: Shrubs Plant Habit: Dense, Shrub Like Description: Handsome evergreen shrub with grey-green foliage and deep pink flowers in winter and spring. Great choice for use as a hedge, containers and wonderful for and cut flowers. Grows approx 2m x 2m. Mature Height: 2-4m Position: Full Sun Mature Width: 1-2m Soil Type: Well Drained Family Name: Proteaceae Landscape Use(s): Bird Attracting, Borders / Shrubbery, Coastal Garden, Courtyard, Cut Flower, Feature, Formal Garden, Low Water Garden, Tropical Origin: Africa Garden, Container / Pot Characteristics: Pest & Diseases: Foliage Colours: Green Generally trouble free Flower Colours: Pink Flower Fragrant: No Cultural Notes: Flowering Season: Spring Proteas are perfect for use in low maintenance low water use gardens. They enjoy Fruit: Insignificant the same conditions as natives. They fit very well in the Australian native landscape and most garden styles, from courtyards to large properties. They will give year Requirements: round colour and the added bonus of spectacular cut flowers. Pruning enables you Growth Rate: Moderate to shape the plant. Removing flowering stems helps keep the bush compact and Maintenance Level: Low looking great. Always use sharp secateurs. With young bushes tip prune in spring and late summer. With mature plants prune immediately after flowering, usually Water Usage: Low leaving 10cm of healthy stem. No need to feed if planted in the ground. Use a slow release low phosphorus fertiliser if in a pot. Tolerances: Drought: Medium / Moderate Plant Care: Frost: Moderate Low phosphorus slow release fertiliser, Mulch well Wind: Moderate Disclaimer: Information and images provided is to be used as a guide only. While every reasonable effort is made to ensure accuracy and relevancy of all information, any decisions based on this information are the sole responsibility of the viewer. Call 1300 787 401 plantmark.com.au.

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Diss Schurr Regensburg
Seed dispersal and range dynamics of plants: understanding and predicting the spatial dynamics of serotinous Proteaceae Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät III - Biologie und Vorklinische Medizin der Universität Regensburg vorgelegt von Frank Martin Schurr aus Eberdingen-Nußdorf Regensburg, im Juni 2005 Promotionsgesuch eingereicht am 15. Juni 2005 Die Arbeit wurde angeleitet von Dr. Steven Higgins und Prof. Dr. Peter Poschlod Prüfungsausschuss: Prof. Dr. Charlotte Förster Prof. Dr. Peter Poschlod Dr. Steven Higgins Prof. Dr. Erhard Strohm Prof. Dr. Christoph Oberprieler A cone of Leucadendron rubrum that is about to release its seeds. Contents Contents 1 General Introduction 1 1.1 Seed dispersal and large-scale dynamics of plants 1 1.2 Measuring and modelling seed dispersal 6 1.3 The study system 10 2 A process-based model for secondary seed dispersal by wind and its experimental validation 15 2.1 Introduction 16 2.2 Model description 17 2.3 Model parameterisation and validation 23 2.4 Results 27 2.5 Discussion 33 3 Can evolutionary age, colonization and persistence ability explain to which extent species fill their potential range? 38 3.1 Introduction 38 3.2 Methods 40 3.3 Results 47 3.4 Discussion 50 4 Long-distance dispersal need not save species threatened by climate driven range shifts 54 4.1 Introduction 54 4.2 Methods 55 4.3 Results 58 4.4 Discussion 60 5 General Discussion and Outlook 62 5.1 Ecological and methodological findings 62 5.2 Implications
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Pathogens Associated with Diseases. of Protea, Leucospermum and Leucadendron Spp
PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASES. OF PROTEA, LEUCOSPERMUM AND LEUCADENDRON SPP. Lizeth Swart Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture at the University of Stellenbosch Supervisor: Prof. P. W. Crous Decem ber 1999 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION 1, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and has not previously in its entirety or in part been submitted at any university for a degree. SIGNATURE: DATE: Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASES OF PROTEA, LEUCOSPERMUM ANDLEUCADENDRONSPP. SUMMARY The manuscript consists of six chapters that represent research on different diseases and records of new diseases of the Proteaceae world-wide. The fungal descriptions presented in this thesis are not effectively published, and will thus be formally published elsewhere in scientific journals. Chapter one is a review that gives a detailed description of the major fungal pathogens of the genera Protea, Leucospermum and Leucadendron, as reported up to 1996. The pathogens are grouped according to the diseases they cause on roots, leaves, stems and flowers, as well as the canker causing fungi. In chapter two, several new fungi occurring on leaves of Pro tea, Leucospermum, Telopea and Brabejum collected from South Africa, Australia or New Zealand are described. The following fungi are described: Cladophialophora proteae, Coniolhyrium nitidae, Coniothyrium proteae, Coniolhyrium leucospermi,Harknessia leucospermi, Septoria prolearum and Mycosphaerella telopeae spp. nov. Furthermore, two Phylloslicla spp., telopeae and owaniana are also redecribed. The taxonomy of the Eisinoe spp.
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Image Identification of Protea Species with Attributes and Subgenus Scaling
Image identification of Protea species with attributes and subgenus scaling Peter Thompson Willie Brink Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch University [email protected] [email protected] Abstract The flowering plant genus Protea is a dominant repre- sentative for the biodiversity of the Cape Floristic Region in South Africa, and from a conservation point of view im- portant to monitor. The recent surge in popularity of crowd- sourced wildlife monitoring platforms presents both chal- lenges and opportunities for automatic image based species identification. We consider the problem of identifying the Protea species in a given image with additional (but op- tional) attributes linked to the observation, such as loca- tion and date. We collect training and test data from a crowd-sourced platform, and find that the Protea identifi- Figure 1. Different species of Protea, such as Protea neriifolia cation problem is exacerbated by considerable inter-class and Protea laurifolia shown here, can exhibit considerable visual similarity, data scarcity, class imbalance, as well as large similarity. variations in image quality, composition and background. Our proposed solution consists of three parts. The first part incorporates a variant of multi-region attention into a pre- important for understanding species populations [3] in the trained convolutional neural network, to focus on the flow- midst of issues like global warming, pollution and poach- erhead in the image. The second part performs coarser- ing. The crowd-sourced platform iNaturalist for example grained classification on subgenera (superclasses) and then allows users to upload observations of wildlife, which typ- rescales the output of the first part. The third part con- ically include images, locations, dates, and identifications ditions a probabilistic model on the additional attributes that can be verified by fellow users [31].
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Root Systems of Selected Plant Species in Mesic Mountain Fynbos in the Jonkershoek Valley, South-Western Cape Province
S. Afr. J. Bot., 1987, 53(3): 249 - 257 249 Root systems of selected plant species in mesic mountain fynbos in the Jonkershoek Valley, south-western Cape Province K.B. Higgins, A.J. Lamb and B.W. van Wilgen* South African Forestry Research Institute, Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre, Private Bag X5011, Stellenbosch, 7600 Republic of South Africa Accepted 20 February 1987 Twenty-five individuals of 10 species of fynbos plants were harvested 26 years after fire at a mountain fynbos site. The species included shrubs up to 4 m tall, geophytes and other herbaceous plants. The total mass, canopy area and height were determined for shoots. Root systems were excavated by washing away soil around the roots, with water. The mean root:shoot phytomass ratios were lower (0,2) for dominant re-seeding shrubs than for resprouting shrubs (2,3). Herbaceous species (all resprouters) had a mean root:shoot phytomass ratio of 1,5. Roots were concentrated in the upper soil. Sixty-seven percent of the root phytomass was found in the top 0,1 m of soil. The maximum rooting depth ranged from 0,1 m for some herbaceous species to> 3,5 m for deep-rooted shrubs. Fine roots « 5 mm) contributed at least 59% of the root length and were also concentrated in the upper soil. The root classification scheme of Cannon (1949) was successfully applied to the study, and three primary and two adventitious root types were identified. The rooting patterns of fynbos plants were compared to data from other fynbos areas and to other mediterranean-type shrublands.
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MITE (ACARI) ECOLOGY WITHIN PROTEA COMMUNITIES IN THE CAPE FLORISTIC REGION, SOUTH AFRICA NATALIE THERON-DE BRUIN Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Agrisciences at Stellenbosch University Promoter: Doctor F. Roets, Co-promoter: Professor L.L. Dreyer March 2018 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author hereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication therefore by the Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. ..................................... Natalie Theron-de Bruin March 2018 Copyright © 2018 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za GENERAL ABSTRACT Protea is a key component in the Fynbos Biome of the globally recognised Cape Floristic Region biodiversity hotspot, not only because of its own diversity, but also for its role in the maintenance of numerous other organisms such as birds, insects, fungi and mites. Protea is also internationally widely cultivated for its very showy inflorescences and, therefore, has great monetary value. Some of the organisms associated with these plants are destructive, leading to reduced horticultural and floricultural value. However, they are also involved in intricate associations with Protea species in natural ecosystems, which we still understand very poorly. Mites, for example, have an international reputation to negatively impact crops, but some taxa may be good indicators of sound management practices within cultivated systems.
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POSTHARVEST LEAF BLACKENING IN Protea neriifolia R. Br. A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HORTICULTURE May 1993 BY Jingwei Dai Dissertation Committee; Robert E. Pauli, Chairperson Douglas J. C. Friend Richard A. Criley Philip E. Parvin Chung-Shih Tang 11 We certify that we have read this dissertation and that, in our opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Horticulture. DISSERTATION COMMITTEE '“CEair^rson . Ill ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Robert E. Pauli, my adviser, for his encouragement, stimulation and inspiring advice during the course of this research. His moral support, academic advice, and finance assistant are greatly appreciated. Without his many efforts and criticism, this work could not be finished. I would also like to thank my committee member, Dr. Richard A. Criley, Dr. Philip E. Parvin, Dr. Douglas J. C. Friend, and Dr. Chung-Shih Tang, for their kindly suggestions and constructive comments on this research work. I am very grateful to Mr. Roy Tanaka, the farm manager of Maui Branch Station, for providing me with countless shipments of plant materials. Many thanks to my laboratory mates: Dr. Nancy J. Chen, Gail Uruu, Theodore Goo, Yunxia Qui-O’Malley, Achie and Boots Reyes, and Noreen Endo, with whom everyday was fun, joyful, and unforgettable. Their technical help are also deeply appreciated. Their friendship has become an important part of my life. My parents and sisters in the People’s Republic of China, also provided very important moral supporter.
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The Potential of South African Indigenous Plants for the International Cut flower Trade ⁎ E.Y
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 77 (2011) 934–946 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb The potential of South African indigenous plants for the international cut flower trade ⁎ E.Y. Reinten a, J.H. Coetzee b, B.-E. van Wyk c, a Department of Agronomy, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag, Matieland 7606, South Africa b P.O. Box 2086, Dennesig 7601, South Africa c Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa Abstract A broad review is presented of recent developments in the commercialization of southern Africa indigenous flora for the cut flower trade, in- cluding potted flowers and foliages (“greens”). The botany, horticultural traits and potential for commercialization of several indigenous plants have been reported in several publications. The contribution of species indigenous and/or endemic to southern Africa in the development of cut flower crop plants is widely acknowledged. These include what is known in the trade as gladiolus, freesia, gerbera, ornithogalum, clivia, agapan- thus, strelitzia, plumbago and protea. Despite the wealth of South African flower bulb species, relatively few have become commercially important in the international bulb industry. Trade figures on the international markets also reflect the importance of a few species of southern African origin. The development of new research tools are contributing to the commercialization of South African plants, although propagation, cultivation and post-harvest handling need to be improved. A list of commercially relevant southern African cut flowers (including those used for fresh flowers, dried flowers, foliage and potted flowers) is presented, together with a subjective evaluation of several genera and species with perceived potential for the development of new crops for the florist trade.
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A New Species of Mimetes (Proteaceae) from the Southern Cape
636 S.-Afr. Tydskr. Plantk., 1988, 54(6): 636--639 A new species of Mimetes (Proteaceae) from the southern Cape J.P. Rourke Compton Herbarium, National Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch, Private Bag X?, Claremont, 7735 Republic of South Africa Accepted 30 June 1988 A remarkable hitherto unknown species of Mimetes not obviously related to any other species in the genus, is here described as Mimetes chrysanthus. It is endemic to the Gamka Mountain Nature Reserve, an inselberg near Oudts hoorn in the Little Karoo. The bright yellow flowers appear to be pollinated by sunbirds and carpenter bees. 'n Buitengewone, tot hiertoe onbekende spesie van Mimetes, wat ooglopend aan geen ander spesie van die genus verwant is nie, word hier as Mimetes chrysanthus beskryf. Dit is endemies tot die Garnkaberg Natuurreservaat, wat gelee is op 'n eilandberg naby Oudtshoorn in die Kleinkaroo. Dit wil voorkom asof die helder-geel blomme deur suikerbekkies en houtkapperbye bestuif word. Keywords: Mimetes, new species, southern Cape Introduction An erect, sparsely branched shrub, 1,5-2 m tall with a Mimetes is a very distinct, highly ornamental genus of the single main trunk, 40--tiO mm in diam., branching at about Proteaceae endemic to the south-western and southern 200 mm into a few stiffly erect branches; bark grey, smooth. Cape. Twelve species are currently recognized, according Flowering branches 4-7 mm in diam., minutely and densely to recent revisions (Rourke 1982, 1984). The majority of puberulous with a white crisped indumentum. Leaves sub these taxa are uncommon, rare, or endangered and are petiolate, petiolar region 3-5 mm long; blade broadly lan generally well-known to conservation authorities who ceolate to elliptic 30-45 mm long, 10-18 mm wide, minutely frequently monitor known populations.
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Nitrogen Utilization in the South African Fynbos Shrub, Protea
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