DOCSLIB.ORG

Lankesteriana 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lankesteriana 1 LANKESTERIANA 4(1): 5-36. 2004. ESTUDIO MORFOLÓGICO DE SMILAX L. (SMILACACEAE) EN COSTA RICA, CON IMPLICACIONES SISTEMÁTICAS LILIAN FERRUFINO ACOSTA & JORGE GÓMEZ LAURITO Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica 2060 San José, Costa Rica ABSTRACT. A morphologic revision of Costa Rican species of Smilax is presented. Traditionally, up to 14 species were accepted. In the present paper 7 species are recognized: Smilax domingensis, S. mollis, S. pana- mensis, S. spinosa, S. spissa, S. subpubescens, and S. vanilliodora. The following names are treated as synonyms: Smilax engleriana and S. kunthii of S. domingensis; S. hirsutior, S. angustiflora and S. candelariae of S. mollis, and S. chiriquensis and S. regelii var. albida of S. vanilliodora. Smilax regelii is excluded as a valid taxon and a lectotype of S. gymnopoda is designated. Dichotomous keys with vegetatives and reproduc- tive characters (flowers and fruits) are presented, on the basis of field and herbaria observations. For all the species many important characters useful for identification were included, such as rhizome, stem, size of tepals and variation in berry colour during development stages. RESUMEN. Se realizó una revisión morfológica de las especies de Smilax de Costa Rica. Tradicionalmente se han aceptado hasta 14 especies. En este trabajo se reconocen 7: Smilax domingensis, S. mollis, S. panamensis, S. spinosa, S. spissa, S. subpubescens y S. vanilliodora. Los siguientes nombres se tratan como sinónimos: Smilax engleriana y S. kunthii de S. domingensis; S. hirsutior, S. angustiflora y S. candelariae de S. mollis, y S. chiriquensis y S. regelii var. albida de S. vanilliodora. Smilax regelii se excluye como taxon válido y se designa un lectotipo de S. gymnopoda. Se elaboraron claves dicotómicas con características vegetativas y reproductivas (flores y frutos), con base en observaciones de campo y especímenes de herbario. En todas las especies se incluyeron diversos caracteres importantes para la identificación, como el rizoma, el tallo, el tamaño de los tépalos y la variación del color de las bayas a lo largo del desarrollo. PALABRAS CLAVE / KEY WORDS: Smilacaceae, Smilax, morfología, taxonomía, Costa Rica. El género Smilax consta aproximadamente de 300 semillas (Morice 1970) y un estudio monográfico de especies que habitan en zonas templadas y tropicales las especies brasileñas (Andreata 1980). Tanto estu- en ambos hemisferios (Judd et al. 2002). En dios morfológicos como análisis genéticos (ribulosa Mesoamérica se han registrado al menos 25 especies. 1,5 bifosfato carboxilasa / oxigenasa, rbcL, y las Standley (1937) comunica 14 especies en Costa Rica regiones no codificadoras de ADN del cloroplasto, y Huft (1994) registra las siguientes 13 especies: trn-L, trn-F) indican que la familia Smilacaceae es Smilax angustiflora, S. candelariae, S. chiriquensis, monofilética y pertenece al orden Liliales (Judd et al. S. domingensis, S. engleriana, S. hirsutior, S. kunthii, 1999, 2002, Rudall et al. 2000). S. mollis, S. panamensis, S. spinosa, S. spissa, S. sub- En el neotrópico se han realizado estudios ta- pubescens y S. vanilliodora. xonómicos para tratar de distinguir las especies de Durante mucho tiempo el género Smilax formó este género. Gaskin & Berry (1998) proponen una parte de la familia Liliaceae; pero en años recientes se sinonimia en Smilax de la Guayana Venezolana y el ha incluido en su propia familia, Smilacaceae uso de una combinación novedosa de caracteres, tales (Cronquist 1968, Dahlgren et al. 1985, Judd et al. como: morfología de los tallos, bases de brotes 2002). Algunos estudios recientes argumentan la se- laterales, presencia y ausencia de vainas aladas, arti- paración de Smilax de la familia Liliaceae, tales culación y longitud del pecíolo, morfología de las como: estudios de cromosomas (Vijayavalli & hojas, tipo de inflorescencia, longitud del pedicelo y Mathew 1990), composición de ácidos grasos en del receptáculo, número de flores por receptáculo y 6 LANKESTERIANA Vol. 4, Nº 1 características florales. Estos autores aceptan tres tropicales y subtropicales (Heywood 1978, Dahlgren especies y reducen nueve nombres a sinonimia. et al. 1985). Este taxon fue descrito por Ventenat (1799) con Guaglianone & Gattuso (1991) realizan una base en el género Smilax L. Este concepto fue segui- revisión morfológica y un estudio anatómico de las do por diversos autores (Endlicher 1836, Lindley estructuras vegetativas y reproductivas, así como de 1836, Grisebach 1842, Kunth 1850, De Candolle la distribución geográfica, la ecología y la fenología 1878). Otros autores (Bentham & Hooker 1880, de Smilax en Argentina, donde describen e ilustran Engler 1888, Melchior 1964) tratan Smilax en la cinco especies. Andreata (1980, 1997) también rea- familia Liliaceae. Engler (1888) y Melchior (1964) lizó un estudio exomorfológico y anatómico y una dividen Liliaceae en 13 subfamilias; entre éstas revisión de Smilax en Brasil, abarcando 12 especies, junto con una historia taxonómica del género. Smilacoideae, que se compone de cuatro géneros: Aunque se han considerado características diversas Rhipogonum Forst. & Forst. (variante ortográfica en para distinguir las especies, los resultados no han sido la literatura: Ripogonum), Smilax, Pseudosmilax los esperados. Hayata y Heterosmilax. Dahlgren et al. (1985) incluyen estos cuatro géneros en la familia Desde la época precolombina la raíz de cuculmeca Smilacaceae, que dividen en dos subfamilias: y zarzaparrilla, nombres populares de ciertas especies Smilacoideae, con tres géneros, y Rhipogonoideae de Smilax en Centro América, ha sido considerada en con el género Rhipogonum. la medicina popular contra problemas diuréticos, Además de Liliaceae o Smilacaceae, la familia se infecciones dermatológicas, desórdenes gastrointesti- ha incluido en Liliiflorae (Melchior 1964), Liliales nales, reumatismo, vaginitis, como anticonceptivo, (Hutchinson 1934, Cronquist 1968, Heywood 1978, para regulación menstrual, anemia, mordeduras de Goldberg 1989, Judd et al. 1999, 2002), Asparagales serpientes y artritis (Ocampo 1994, Gupta 1995). A (Dahlgren & Clifford 1982), Dioscoreales (Dahlgren pesar de que en la región mesoamericana se han rea- et al. 1985) y Smilacales (Takhtajan 1969). Dahlgren lizado investigaciones fitoquímicas y etnobotánicas, et al. (1985) comentan que la familia puede ser con- no se sabe con certeza cuáles son las especies uti- siderada junto a Petermanniaceae dentro de lizadas, lo que pone en evidencia una gran incer- Dioscoreales. Judd et al. (1999, 2002) incluyen en la tidumbre en la información disponible. familia Smilax y Rhipogonum, mientras que Thorne El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue mejorar las (1992) considera que Smilacaceae es una familia descripciones existentes y resolver problemas monogenérica. taxonómicos y de sinonimia en las especies de Costa Otra clasificación de Smilacaceae es la que incluye Rica, lo que facilitará la identificación de las especies tres géneros: Rhipogonum, Smilax y Heterosmilax, registradas en la región y zonas aledañas. Además, apoyada en gran parte por Melchior (1964), este estudio comprende un análisis morfológico de las Heywood (1978), Koyama (1983), Dahlgren et al. estructuras vegetativas y reproductivas, teniendo en (1985) y Andreata (1997). Pseudosmilax se reduce a cuenta la variabilidad morfológica de las hojas y el sinónimo de Heterosmilax (Koyama 1984). color de los frutos, que son caracteres que han sido Heterosmilax se distribuye en el sudeste de Asia. observados en la naturaleza y en especímenes de Este es un género muy próximo a Smilax, que se dife- herbario. rencia de éste por el perigonio soldado (urceolado) y tres estambres (raramente 9-12) generalmente unidos. Smilax es el género con mayor importancia Historia taxonómica de Smilacaceae y Smilax económica, distribuido en regiones templadas, tropi- cales y subtropicales en ambos hemisferios. Se carac- Familia Smilacaceae Ventenat teriza por un perigonio libre, seis estambres libres y La familia Smilacaceae está compuesta por los anteras confluentes (Koyama 1983, Dahlgren et al. géneros Smilax L. (300 spp.) y Heterosmilax Kunth 1985, Huft 1994). (11 spp.), que se distribuyen en regiones templadas, Otro factor que ha causado polémica es la posición Abril 2004 FERRUFINO & GÓMEZ-LAURITO - Smilax en Costa Rica 7 filogenética de Smilacaceae en relación con otras Endlicher (1836) sitúa Smilax en su propio orden LVI monocotiledóneas. Cronquist (1981) considera que Smilacaceae. Smilacaceae y Dioscoreaceae son las familias más Lindley (1836) incluye Smilax en el grupo IV especializadas de Liliales, mientras que Dahlgren et Retosae y en el orden CCLVI Smilacaceae. Este autor al. (1985) consideran que Smilacaceae es una de las sitúa Smilax en la clase V Distyogenes y el orden seis familias no basales de las monocotiledóneas. LXIX Smilaceae, al lado del género Rhipogonum. Ellos sostienen que Dioscoreaceae está muy rela- Grisebach (1842) realiza el tratamiento de 33 cionada con Smilacaceae y ésta última con especies de Smilax; divide el género en Petermanniaceae y Liliaceae. Tanto estudios mor- Pharmacosmilax y Pachysmilax por la base y la fológicos (Conran 1989) como de secuencias de ADN forma de la antera, y la consistencia y el patrón de la (Chase et al. 1995a, 1995b, 2000, Judd et al. 1999, nervadura de la hoja. Ubica Smilax en Smilacaceae, 2002, Rudall et al. 2000, Patterson & Givnish 2002) cerca de Herreria Ruiz & Pav. favorecen la ubicación de Smilacaceae en el orden Kunth (1850) enumera 188 especies de Smilax y Liliales.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cyprus at Christmas
    Cyprus at Christmas Naturetrek Tour Report 20 - 27 December 2019 Eastern Strawberry Tree Greater Sand Plover Snake-eyed Lizard True Cyprus Tarantula Report by Duncan McNiven Photos by Debbie Pain Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Cyprus at Christmas Tour participants: Yiannis Christofides & Duncan McNiven (leaders), Debbie Pain (co-leader) and Theodoros Theodorou (Doros, driver) with a group of 16 Naturetrek clients Day 1 Friday 20th December Gatwick - Mandria Beach – Paphos Sewage Works - Paphos The bulk of our group of ‘Christmas refugees’ took the early morning flight from Gatwick to Paphos where we met up with our local guide Yannis and driver Doros, as well as the remaining guests who had arrived separately. At the airport we boarded our bus and drove the short distance to Mandria beach. Although it was already late afternoon in Cyprus, here we had a chance to stretch our legs, get some fresh air, feel the warmth of the Mediterranean sun and begin to explore the nature of Cyprus in winter. Amongst the coastal scrub at the back of the beach we noted some familiar Painted Lady butterflies and a flock of lovely Greenfinches that positively glowed in the low winter sun. The scrub was full of Stonechats and noisy Sardinian Warblers, a chattering call that would form the backdrop to our trip wherever we went. A Zitting Cisticola popped up briefly but our attention was drawn to the recently ploughed fields beyond the scrub.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnomedicinal Plants of Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh, India
    Vol. 7(42), pp. 3147-3157, 10 November, 2013 DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2013.5249 ISSN 1996-0875 ©2013 Academic Journals Journal of Medicinal Plants Research http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR Full Length Research Paper Ethnomedicinal plants of Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh, India Savita Rani 1, J. C. Rana 1* and P. K. Rana 2 1National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Regional Station, Phagli, Shimla (HP) – 171 004, India. 2 Department of Botany, Punjabi University Patiala (Punjab) 147 002, India. Accepted 26 October, 2013 Importance of medicinal plants in traditional healthcare practices provides clues to new areas of research and biodiversity conservation is now well known. However, information on the use of plants for medicinal purpose is lacking from many tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh. Keeping this in view, the present study was undertaken in a tribal dominated area of Chamba district, to look for the diversity of plant resources, used by local people for curing various ailments. Questionnaire surveys, field visits and participatory observations were planned to collect information about the uses of various plants. It was found that 50 plant species are being commonly used by local people to cure 26 diseases. In most of the cases, leaves (40%) followed by roots (24%) were used to cure many health problems. New medicinal uses of Achyranthes bidentata , Cannabis sativa and Stellaria monosperma were also reported for the first time. Key words: Medicinal plants, Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh. INTRODUCTION From ancient periods, the native communities mainly communities of the district (Figure 3). The Gaddis, a depend on the endemic vegetation for their daily needs semi-nomadic tribe, are the sheep and goat rearers and such as food, fodder and medicines for the different Gujjars tribe inhabit Siunta, Banikhat and areas adjoining aliments.
    [Show full text]
  • Smilax Aspera L., Smilax Excelsa L
    Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi ISSN:1300-9362 Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Mustafa Kemal University 23(2):254-261 (2018) Araştırma Makalesi | Research Article Geliş Tarihi: 15.11.2018 Kabul Tarihi: 13.12.2018 Some Morphological and Chemical Characteristics of Sarsaparilla (Smilax aspera L., Smilax excelsa L.) Ömer Şerif YILDIZ Filiz AYANOĞLU Nadire Pelin BAHADIRLI Mustafa Kemal Univ., Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department, Hatay Abstract Two sarsaparilla species Smilax aspera L. and Smilax excelsa L. show natural distribution in Hatay flora. In the study, besides some phenological and morphological characteristics, antioxidant capacity and fixed oil contents and components of Smilax species collected from different locations were determined. The highest 100 fruit weight with 37.69 g was obtained from the sample of S. aspera L. species collected from Yayladagi 2 location and the highest 100 seed weight with 24.47 g from Yayladagi 1 location. In terms of antioxidant capacity of the leaves and fruits, insignificant differences were observed among the species and locations. The antioxidant capacities of leaves ranged 62.28 to 64.57 mmol.Fe+2/kg while fruit antioxidant capacities ranged from 63.91 to 66.31 mmol. Fe+2/kg. The highest value of seed fixed oil with 11.42% was obtained from the S. aspera L. sample collected in Yayladağı 3 location. Major fatty acid component was found as vaccenic acid in general for all samples. The highest content of vaccenic acid found as 37.50% from S. aspera seed samples of Yayladagi 2 location. As a result, the leaves and berries of smilax species could be considered as a significant natural antioxidant source.
    [Show full text]
  • Isoprenoid Emission in Hygrophyte and Xerophyte European Woody Flora: Ecological and Evolutionary Implications
    Global Ecology and Biogeography, (Global Ecol. Biogeogr.) (2014) 23, 334–345 bs_bs_banner RESEARCH Isoprenoid emission in hygrophyte and PAPER xerophyte European woody flora: ecological and evolutionary implications Francesco Loreto1*, Francesca Bagnoli2, Carlo Calfapietra3,4, Donata Cafasso5, Manuela De Lillis1, Goffredo Filibeck6, Silvia Fineschi2, Gabriele Guidolotti7, Gábor Sramkó8, Jácint Tökölyi9 and Carlo Ricotta10 1Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, ABSTRACT Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale Aim The relationship between isoprenoid emission and hygrophily was investi- Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Roma, Italy, 2Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale gated in woody plants of the Italian flora, which is representative of European delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, diversity. 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy, Methods Volatile isoprenoids (isoprene and monoterpenes) were measured, or 3 Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e data collected from the literature, for 154 species native or endemic to the Medi- Forestale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, terranean. The Ellenberg indicator value for moisture (EIVM) was used to describe Via Marconi 3, Porano (Terni), Italy, plant hygrophily. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out at a broader taxonomic scale 4Global Change Research Centre – CzechGlobe, on 128 species, and then refined on strong isoprene emitters (Salix and Populus Belidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic, species) based on isoprene synthase gene sequences (IspS). 5Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II, Complesso Results Isoprene emitters were significantly more common and isoprene emis- Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, sion was higher in hygrophilous EIVM classes, whereas monoterpene emitters were 80126 Napoli, Italy, 6Dipartimento di Scienze more widespread and monoterpene emission was higher in xeric classes.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Remoción Pre-Dispersiva De Semillas En Frutos Carnosos Y
    UNED Research Journal / Cuadernos de Investigación UNED ISSN: 1659-4266 [email protected] Universidad Estatal a Distancia Costa Rica Jones, Gabriela; Bas, Josep M.; Pons, Pere Remoción pre-dispersiva de semillas en frutos carnosos y bellotas de Quercus coccifera (Fagaceae) en un hábitat mediterráneo recientemente quemado UNED Research Journal / Cuadernos de Investigación UNED, vol. 7, núm. 1, julio- diciembre, 2015, pp. 7-17 Universidad Estatal a Distancia San José, Costa Rica Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=515651508001 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Remoción pre-dispersiva de semillas en frutos carnosos y bellotas de Quercus coccifera (Fagaceae) en un hábitat mediterráneo recientemente quemado Gabriela Jones 1, Josep M. Bas 2 & Pere Pons 2 1. Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, San José, Costa Rica; [email protected] 2. Departament de Ciencies Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, Cataluña, España; [email protected], [email protected] Recibido 18-VII-2014 • Corregido 07-X-2014 • Aceptado 25-X-2014 ABSTRACT: Pre-dispersal seed removal of eshy fruits and Quercus RESUMEN : La depredación pre-dispersiva de semillas se reere al coccifera (Fagaceae) acorns in a recently burned Mediterranean ‘ataque’ o la muerte que puede experimentar una semilla en la planta habitat. The seed fate in early successional habitats can determine madre o en el suelo junto a ella, antes de ser dispersada.
    [Show full text]
  • Phenolic Compounds in Genus Smilax (Sarsaparilla) Phenolic Compounds in Genus Smilax (Sarsaparilla)
    Provisional chapter Chapter 9 Phenolic Compounds in Genus Smilax (Sarsaparilla) Phenolic Compounds in Genus Smilax (Sarsaparilla) Salas-Coronado Raúl, Hernández-Carlos Salas-Coronado Raúl, Hernández-Carlos Beatriz, Beatriz, Llaguno-Guilberto Joseoziel and Santos-SánchezLlaguno-Guilberto Norma Joseoziel Francenia and Santos-Sánchez Norma Francenia Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/66896 Abstract Smilax (Smilacaceae) is a genus of about 350 species, found in temperate, tropical and subtropical zones worldwide. The plants belonging to this genus are found throughout Asia, Europe, Oceania and the Americas. Species of the genus Smilax commonly called sarsaparilla are characterized as climbers, with long, thin thorny stem. The branches have tendrils which attach to other plants or objects and grow steadily upward. The roots of these plants have been used for centuries in Asia and the Americas as a tonic, diuretic and sudorific. The rhizome, roots, stems and leaves of sarsaparilla are used in traditional medicine. In the scientific literature, there are several reports on immunomodulatory properties, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic and antioxi- dant properties. However, there are no reports which explain the antioxidant activity of sarsaparilla extracts as a function of phenolic compound structures, such as flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. In this chapter, the relevance of phenolic chemical structure in antioxidant and anticancer activity of sarsaparilla extracts will be described. Special emphasis is placed on phenylpropanoid glycosides that consist of a sucrose core. These compounds are evidence of chemotaxonomy in the genus Smilax. Keywords: Smilax, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal1.Pdf
    THE Mediterranean Garden No. 1 Summer 1995 THE MEDITERRANEAN GARDEN THE MEDITERRANEAN GARDEN A journal for gardeners in all the mediterranean climate regions of the world Published by the Mediterranean Garden Society, PO Box 14, Peania GR-19002, Greece. www.MediterraneanGardenSociety.org i Editor Derek Toms Caroline Harbouri Translations Caroline Harbouri Anna Saiti Graziella Seferiades Text illustrations Derek Toms Cover illustration Papaver rhoeas, ink drawing by Yvonne Linardos We should like to thank Heidi Gildemeister, Joanna Millar, Sandy Pratt and Megan Toms for providing material for illustrations. Special thanks too to Ida Mordoh for guiding us through the labyrinth of publishing. Printed on recycled paper. * * * The Mediterranean Garden Society is a non-profit-making association which acts as a forum for everyone who has a special interest in the plants and gardens of the region. For details, please contact The Secretary, MGS, PO Box 14, Peania, GR-19002 Greece. Phototypeset in Greece by Eikonotypo Elia Eliou 64 & Koutsonika 5 Neos Kosmos 117 44 Athens Copyright of all articles remains with the authors. Views expressed by contribu- tors are not necessarily those of the editors or of the Mediterranean Garden Society. ii CONTENTS Meditorial 1 A Native Mediterranean Garden Heidi Gildemeister 4 Second Home Gardening in the Mediterranean Margaret Likierman 10 Plants That Stand on Their Heads Joanna Millar 18 Acacias Jeff Irons 23 In Search of the Peonies of Greece Gian Lupo Osti 28 Palms in Greece Panayotis Marselos 32 Acclimatisation Problems Piero Caneti 38 The Garden in Antiquity Yvonne Linardos 41 A Mediterranean Plant Finder Heidi Gildemeister 45 Tortoise Gardens Caroline Harbouri 48 The Garden in Summer 52 Books 56 Getting in Touch 57 Letters 58 iii Salvia officinalis iv MEDITORIAL This time last year the MGS was little more than a constitution sitting on the lawyer’s desk.
    [Show full text]
  • Map-Making of Plant Biomass and Leaf Area Index for Management of Protected Areas Loretta Gratani University of Rome "La Sapienza"
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 19 | Issue 1 Article 2 2000 Map-Making of Plant Biomass and Leaf Area Index for Management of Protected Areas Loretta Gratani University of Rome "La Sapienza" Maria Fiore Crescente University of Rome "La Sapienza" Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Gratani, Loretta and Crescente, Maria Fiore (2000) "Map-Making of Plant Biomass and Leaf Area Index for Management of Protected Areas," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 19: Iss. 1, Article 2. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol19/iss1/2 Aliso, 19(1). pp. J-12 © 2000, by The Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont. CA 9171 1-3157 MAP-MAKlNG OF PLANT BIOMASS AND LEAF AREA INDEX FOR MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS LORETTA GRATANI AND MARIA FIORE CRESCENTE Department of Plant Biology University of Rome " La Sapienza " Square Aldo Mora 5 00185 Rome, Italy e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT An inventory of the vegetat ion types of Castelporziano Estate (Ro me) . including examples of Med­ iterranean ecosystems in exce llent preserved condition . was co mpiled. Because Leaf Area Index (LA!) changed with forest structure and developmental stages. maximum LA! pro vided a good estimate of maximum biomass accumulation. Plant biomass estimation. ranging from 61 tons ha - ' to 360 tons ha", filled well into 14 biomass classes; the highest values (from 301 ton s ha- I to 360 tons ha") were related to stratified forested vegetation types. including the more mature Pinus pinea plantations.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Barcode and Morphological Analysis of Smilax Purhampuy Ruiz, Ecuador
    Molecular barcode and morphological analysis of Smilax purhampuy Ruiz, Ecuador Pilar Soledispa1, Efrén Santos-Ordóñez2,3, Migdalia Miranda4, Ricardo Pacheco3, Yamilet Irene Gutiérrez Gaiten5 and Ramón Scull5 1 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Ciudadela Universitaria ``Salvador Allende'', Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador 2 Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Gustavo Galindo, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador 3 Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, Campus Gustavo Galindo, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador 4 Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador 5 Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos, Universidad de La Habana, Ciudad Habana, Cuba ABSTRACT Smilax plants are distributed in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions in both hemispheres of the world. They are used extensively in traditional medicines in a number of countries. However, morphological and molecular barcodes analysis, which may assist in the taxonomic identification of species, are lacking in Ecuador. In order to evaluate the micromorphological characteristics of these plants, cross sections of Smilax purhampuy leaves were obtained manually. The rhizome powder, which is typically used in traditional medicines, was analyzed for micromorphological characteristics. All samples were clarified with 1% sodium hypochlorite. Tissues were colored with 1% safranin in water and were fixed with glycerinated gelatin. DNA was extracted from the leaves using a modified CTAB method for molecular barcode characterization and PCR was performed using primers to amplify the different loci including the plastid genome regions atpF-atpH spacer, matK gene, rbcL gene, rpoB Submitted 5 August 2020 gene, rpoC1 gene, psbK–psbI spacer, and trnH–psbA spacer; and the nuclear DNA Accepted 8 February 2021 sequence ITS2.
    [Show full text]
  • Balearic Vegetation
    Plant Formations in the Balearic BioProvince Peter Martin Rhind Balearic Evergreen Oak Forests Like much of the Mediterranean, the natural plant formation, is evergreen oak forest dominated by Quercus ilex (holm oak) although today Pinus halepensis (aleppo pine) is probably the most common tree on the islands. Other tree species include Arbutus unedo strawberry tree, while the shrub layer comprises Asparagus acutifolius, Daphne gnidium (Mediterranean mezereon), Erica arborea (tree heather), Phillyrea latifolia and the near endemic Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris (Rhamnaceae). The ground layer includes another species, Cyclamen balearicum (Myrsinaceae), that was originally thought to be endemic, but this species has since been recorded in the south of France. Balearic Olive Woods The dominant tree here is Olea europaea var. silvestris (wild olive) and Ceratonia silique (carob). Typical shrubs include Cneorum tricoccon, Euphorbia dendroides (tree spurge), Ephedra fragilis (joint-pine) and Chamaerops humulis (dwarf fan palm) may also be present. Ground layer species typically include Arum pictum, Asparagus albus and A. stipularis. Balearic Rosemary Garrigue The main shrubs in this formation include Rosmarius officinalis (rosemary) and Erica multiflora. Rosemary can be found from sea level to the top of the highest mountain, but the endemic variety palaui is confined to the mountains. Other important shrubs include Anthyllus cytisoides, Globularia alypum, Lavendula dentata and the endemic Genista lucida (Fabaceae). Characteristic herbaceous species include Gladiolus illyricus and various ‘insect’ orchids such as Ophrys tenthredinifera sawfly orchid and O. bombylifera bumblebee orchid. Endemics include Smilax aspera var. balearica (Liliaceae). Balearic Mountain Garrigue Most Balearic endemics occur in this zone. The endemic shrubs Hypericum balearicum (Hypericaceae) or Teucrium subspinosum (Lamiaceae) are two of the most conspicuous species.
    [Show full text]
  • The Middle Miocene Palynofloras of the Salihpaşalar Lignite Mine
    Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-018-0345-0 ORIGINAL PAPER The middle Miocene palynofloras of the Salihpaşalar lignite mine (Yatağan Basin, southwest Anatolia): environmental characterisation and comparison with palynofloras from adjacent basins Johannes M. Bouchal1,2 Received: 23 December 2017 /Revised: 23 March 2018 /Accepted: 29 May 2018 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract As the third part of an ongoing investigation of middle Miocene palynofloras in the Yatağan Basin (YB), southwestern Anatolia, the palynofloras of the Salihpaşalar lignite mine in the main YB were studied. Seven types of algal spores, aplanospores/zygospores or cysts, six types of lycophyte and fern spores, 12 types of gymnosperm pollen and 90 types of angiosperm pollen were identified. Of a total of ca. 140 plant taxa described from the YB, over 10% are confined to the Salihpaşalar assemblage. Differences between coeval palynofloras of the Sekköy Member might reflect changing or prograding depositional environments. A number of rare accessorial taxa reflect these local differences: Pilularia, Valeriana, Drosera and Persicaria aff. amphibia only occur at Salihpaşalar and are typical of shallow water or temporary ponds associated with a lake shore. Apart from this, all the palynofloras, originating from the lignite seams and overlying limnic limestones (uppermost Turgut and Sekköy Member), of the YB are strongly indicative of extensive woody vegetation with a dominance of diverse Fagaceae and Pinaceae. In addition, a list comparing the well-documented YB palynomorphs to morphologically similar palynomorphs of published late early to middle Miocene plant assemblages of western Anatolian was compiled. Such a comparison reveals that in many instances different taxon names have been used to denote the same taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cross-Disciplinary Study of the Work and Collections by Roberto De Visiani (1800–1878)
    Sede Amministrativa: Università degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Geografche e dell’Antichità Corso di Dotorato di Ricerca in Studi Storici, Geografci e Antropologici Curricolo: Geografa Umana e Fisica Ciclo ⅩⅨ A Cross-disciplinary Study of the Work and Collections by Roberto de Visiani (1800–1878) Coordinatore: Ch.ma Prof. Maria Cristina La Rocca Supervisore: Dr. Antonella Miola Dottorando: Moreno Clementi Botany: n. Te science of vegetables—those that are not good to eat, as well as those that are. It deals largely with their fowers, which are commonly badly designed, inartistic in color, and ill-smelling. Ambrose Bierce [1] Table of Contents Preface.......................................................................................................................... 11 1. Introduction.............................................................................................................. 13 1.1 Research Project.......................................................................................................13 1.2 State of the Art.........................................................................................................14 1.2.1 Literature on Visiani 14 1.2.2 Studies at the Herbarium of Padova 15 1.2.3 Exploration of Dalmatia 17 1.2.4 Types 17 1.3 Subjects of Particular Focus..................................................................................17 1.3.1 Works with Josif Pančić 17 1.3.2 Flora Dalmatica 18 1.3.3 Visiani’s Relationship with Massalongo 18 1.4 Historical Context...................................................................................................18
    [Show full text]