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The Nilgiri Tahr in the Western Ghats, India

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The Nilgiri Tahr in the Western Ghats, India IND 2015 STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE NILGIRI TAHR IN THE WESTERN GHATS, INDIA Status and Distribution of the Nilgiri Tahr in the Western Ghats, India | P 1 Authors Paul Peter Predit, Varun Prasath, Mohanraj, Ajay Desai, James Zacharia, A. J. T. Johnsingh, Dipankar Ghose, Partha Sarathi Ghose, Rishi Kumar Sharma Suggested citation Predit P. P., Prasath V., Raj M., Desai A., Zacharia J., Johnsingh A. J. T., Ghose D., Ghose P. S., Sharma R. K. (2015). Status and distribution of the Nilgiri Tahr Nilgiritragus hylocrius, in the Western Ghats, India. Technical report, WWF-India. This project was funded by Nokia. Photos by Paul Peter Predit Design by Chhavi Jain / WWF-India Published by WWF-India Copyright © 2015 All rights reserved Any reproduction in full or part of this publication must mention the title and credit the mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. WWF-India 172-B, Lodi Estate, New Delhi 110 003 Tel: +91 11 4150 4814 www.wwfindia.org STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE NILGIRI TAHR IN THE WESTERN GHATS, INDIA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Researchers: We thank field biologists B. Navaneethan, Suresh, Soffia, Immanuel Victor Prince and M.Ravikanth for participating in the field surveys at various stages. They were ably assisted and gained from the knowledge and skills of field assistants R.Veluswamy and Siddarth. We are grateful to the Forest Departments of Tamil Nadu and Kerala who readily granted us permission for carrying out this study in their respective states. We wish to thank Dr. K.P. Ouseph, PCCF and Chief Wildlife Warden Kerala and Thiru. R. Sundararaju, PCCF and Chief Wildlife Warden of Tamil Nadu for permits and support to this project. We thank the present PCCF and CWLW of Tamil Nadu, Dr. V. K. Melkani, IFS, and present PCCF and Chief Wildlife Warden of Kerala, Thiru. G. Harikumar, IFS for their support in releasing this report. Forest Officers: Our sincere thanks to Mr. Rakesh Kumar Dogra, Wildlife Warden (Mukurthi NP); Ms. Mita Banerjee, DFO (Nilgiri South Forest Division); Mr. I. Anwardeen, DFO (Coimbatore Forest Division); Mr. B. N. Nagaraj, Wildlife Warden (Silent Valley National Park); Mr. O. P. Kaler, CCF & Field Director (Parambikulam Tiger Reserve), Mr. K. Anand, Deputy Director (Periyar Tiger Reserve); Mr. Roy P. Thomas, Wildlife Warden (Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary), Mr. Sunil, Wildlife Warden (Eravikulam National Park); Mr. Mahesh Kumar, DFO (Munnar Forest Division); Mr. D. Venkatesh, DFO (Kodaikanal Forest Division); Mr. Srinivas Reddy & Dr. V. Ganesan, DFOs (Theni Forest Division); Dr. Shekhar Kumar Niraj (Virudhunagar circle); Mr. S. A. Raju & Mr. T. K. Ashok Kumar, Wildlife Warden (Srivilliputhur Wildlife Sanctuary); Mr. J. S. Ambrose, DFO (Tirunelveli Forest Division); Dr. H. Malleshappa, DFO (Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve), Mr. Ashok Upreti, CF (Tirunelveli Circle); Mr. T. Ritto Cyriac, Wildlife Warden (Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary). We are indebted to nearly a hundred field staff from the Kerala and Tamil Nadu Forest Department, who accompanied our field teams while searching for Nilgiri tahr. Their field skills, knowledge of terrain and their skill in locating the Nilgiri tahr in the field has been immensely valuable to this report. Without them, we would not have been able to cover some of the most inhospitable terrain of the Western Ghats. The authors are thankful to Mr. Ravi Singh, Secretary General and CEO, WWF-India and Dr. Sejal Worah, Programme Director for their immense support in all aspects. Urvana Menon, Shashank Srinivasan, Sanaa Nayar, Jagdish Upadhaya, Yash Shethia, Neha Midha, Renu Atwal, Joydeep Bose, Vikas Sharma and Nitya Kaushik are thanked for providing support at various stages of this work. This project has been made possible due to the generous financial support from Nokia. WWF-India is grateful to Nokia for supporting its conservation endeavours in the Western Ghats and other parts of the country. FOREWORD Nilgiri tahr, an endangered mountain ungulate is endemic to the Western Ghats and the populations are under severe stress due to increasing anthropogenic pressures. This report is the result of a comprehensive study of the Nilgiri tahr population and its habitat in the hills of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The survey has focused on the entire distributional range of the Nilgiri tahr from the Nilgiris to Kanyakumari in the Western Ghats to assess its status, threats faced by the species and its habitat and its population size. This momentous task has been accomplished as a direct result of dedication and hard work of our field teams, valuable cooperation of the forests departments of the two states, guidance of leading experts on the species and civil society organizations. The comprehensive report not only provides a first ever assessment of the status of the species across its entire distributional range, but provides insights into key threats faced by the species and charts out a roadmap for securing the future of the Nilgiri tahr. Sincere thanks to institutions, individuals and partners who made this work possible. I hope the report will be useful in formulating a conservation action plan for the Nilgiri tahr so that this unique mountain ungulate continues to thrive in the hills and grasslands of Western Ghats. –Ravi Singh, Secretary General & CEO, WWF-India Message It gives me immense pleasure to release the first ever comprehensive report on the status of the Nilgiri Tahr in the Western Ghats. The Nilgiri Tahr is the State Animal of Tamil Nadu and symbolise both the biodiversity richness and the conservation challenges of the upper reaches of Western Ghats. These are areas that were transformed by the colonial project, with large areas cleared for plantation crops, commercial forestry and settlements. The large scale habitat losses during colonial and post-colonial times, combined with hunting and other pressures resulted in the Tahr being eliminated from large parts of its historical range. Today, it is classified as an Endangered (EN) species and survives in a few isolated sub- populations scattered across the Nilgiris and southern Western Ghats. That is history; it is up to us to secure a future for this magnificent animal. This report lays out a way forward for park managers and the conservation community in general. These include proposals for regular monitoring, protection, connectivity, habitat management and possibly re-introductions into suitable areas. I congratulate WWF India and the Tamil Nadu Forest Department for conducting this survey and for preparing a species specific conservation road map. The Government of Tamil Nadu under the dynamic leadership of Hon’ble Chief Minister “AMMA” is committed to the conservation of the Western Ghats and will extend all necessary support for the conservation of the Nilgiri Tahr. MESSAGE It gives me great pleasure to release this survey report on the status of the Nilgiri tahr in the Western Ghats. The Nilgiri tahr has, quite literally, been living on the edge. Habitat destruction, developmental activities and poaching have all contributed to the unenviable status it enjoys today – as Endangered (EN). While Western Ghats is a biodiversity hotspot rich in rainforest species, the Nilgiri tahr is an emblem of the unique grasslands and shola systems of high mountains. Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan The Government of Kerala and the people of the state are justifiably proud of the efforts we have made so far to Minister for Forests, Environment, safeguard and bring this animal back from the edge. The Transport, Sports & Cinema, Kerala single largest population exists in Eravikulam National Park, a Protected Area that was created for the immediate purpose of protecting this magnificent animal. The total population of Tahr today stands at 3000 while several small but new populations have been discovered by the joint efforts of WWF and Forest Department. But we cannot rest on these achievements. The threats remain and we must remain vigilant and proactive in our efforts to conserve the Nilgiri tahr. This report gives us the overall picture of its precarious status across the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala and tells us what remains to be done to secure its future. The report highlights the need for strengthening collaboration between government, scientists, NGOs and citizens for ensuring long-term conservation of Tahr. It is important for us to implement these recommendations across its range, across state borders with the cooperation of all stakeholders. I congratulate WWF India, Kerala Forest Department and all other contributors for bringing out this excellent report. Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan Thiruvananthapuram 23.09.2015 Minister for Forests, Environment, Transport, Sports & Cinema, Kerala MESSAGE Western Ghats is a biodiversity hotspot with high potential for long term conservation of a rich floral and faunal diversity. Historically, our country has strong ethos for conservation, but conservation is becoming increasingly challenging with a rapidly growing human population, high dependence on natural resources and rising conflicts between people and wildlife. Of several fascinating wildlife species found in the Western Ghats, Nilgiri Tahr has a special significance, one being an endemic and second being the only mountain ungulate species occurring in Southern India. G.Harikumar IFS ‘Status and distribution of Nilgiri tahr in the Western Ghats, India’ is a range wide assessment of the Nilgiri Tahr, its Principal Chief Conservator habitat and the threats that the species faces across its entire of Forests (Wildlife) &
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