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7 CULTURAL HERITAGE Introduction Legislation and Policy Trumpington Meadows ES Chapter 7: Cultural Heritage TMLC 7 CULTURAL HERITAGE Introduction 7.1 This chapter deals with the cultural heritage issues arising from the proposed development at Trumpington Meadows. Cultural heritage issues were identified during the scoping process as being of primary importance. The area to the south of Trumpington lies within a much broader zone of archaeological importance, which has been the subject of intensive study over the last few years. The site directly abuts the southern boundary of the conservation area covering the whole of the historic village of Trumpington and the settings of a number of important historic buildings. The chapter considers all categories of cultural heritage, such as historic landscape character and features, extant historic buildings and archaeological sites and monuments. 7.2 The specific objectives were to: • establish the cultural heritage baseline within and adjacent to the proposed development site • consider the area in terms of its archaeological potential and historic environment • assess the potential impacts of the construction and post-construction phases on the heritage resources identified • define measures to mitigate any predicted significant negative impacts where appropriate. 7.3 The full reports by Cambridge Archaeological Unit can be found in technical appendix C. An archaeological strategy has been produced based on the findings of this chapter and to implement the proposed mitigation measures (technical appendix C). Legislation and policy 7.4 The importance and intrinsic value of cultural heritage is recognised in legislation at national level. Certain features are protected by the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 and the Town and Country Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. Further advice on how cultural heritage should be treated is given in Planning and Policy Guidance Notes (PPGs) 15 and 16. PPG 15 deals with above ground features and buildings of historic interest and areas including historic landscapes in the broadest sense. Guidance is given on the protection and controls that apply to identified features such as scheduled ancient monuments, listed buildings, conservation areas, registered parks and gardens and battlefields. PPG 16 aims to ensure that the archaeological sensitivity of a site is fully taken into account in relation to development proposals. It also suggests that early consultation should take place to identify the archaeological sensitivity of sites. The underlying principle is that archaeological remains represent a non-renewable resource and that their conservation (preservation in-situ) should be a primary goal. Terence O’Rourke December 2007 Trumpington Meadows ES Chapter 7: Cultural Heritage TMLC 7.5 The Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Structure Plan (adopted 2003) refers to the important role of the county’s historic environment. Historic buildings, landscapes, conservation areas and archaeological sites are all an irreplaceable part of the county’s heritage. Policy P7/6 states the importance of protecting this valuable resource when considering any development proposals. 7.6 The overall aim expressed in the adopted South Cambridgeshire Development Control Policies Development Plan Document (2007) is to preserve the historic interest and special character of the landscape and settlements of South Cambridgeshire, and to achieve new development which respects and reinforces local distinctiveness. Policies CH1-CH5 outline these aspirations with regards to cultural heritage areas and designations. 7.7 The Cambridge Local Plan (adopted 2006) refers in greater detail to how the city’s rich and diverse inheritance of cultural heritage features should be properly dealt with in development proposals. The relevant policies, 4/9- 4/11, deal with the heritage assets of the area including conservation areas, listed buildings, registered parks and gardens and the archaeological heritage. The conservation area appraisal for Trumpington produced by Cambridge City Council gives more detailed policies on control of development within the conservation area. Methodology 7.8 The data sources consulted are outlined in table 7.1. Appleby, G. Dickens, A. and Evans, C. 2004, Glebe Farm, Trumpington, Cambridgeshire: An Archaeological Desk Top Assessment, CAU Report 631. Bewley, R. H., 1994. Prehistoric Settlements. Batsford/English Heritage, London. Brudenell, M. and Dickens, A. (Cambridge Archaeological Unit), 2007, Trumpington Meadows, Cambridge: An Archaeological Evaluation of a Bronze Age, Iron Age and Romano-British Riverside Landscape Cambridge Archaeological Unit, 2007, Trumpington Meadows Archaeological Mitigation Strategy Cambridge City Council, 1998, Trumpington Conservation Area Appraisal Cambridgeshire County Sites and Monuments Record Collcutt, S 1999 The Setting of Cultural Heritage Features, JPL Darvill, T. 1996 Prehistoric Britain from the air Cambridge. Davis, M.J. et al.2004 Mitigation of Construction impact on archaeological remains English Heritage DOE 1994 Planning Policy Guidance Note 15: Planning and the Historic Environment DOE 1990 Planning Policy Guidance Note 16: Archaeology and Planning Evans. C. et al 2005. The Archaeology of Clay Farm, Trumpington, Cambridge. Preliminary Investigations. CAU Report 669. Grove, R. 1976 The Cambridge Coprolite Mining Rush Cambridge, Terence O’Rourke December 2007 Trumpington Meadows ES Chapter 7: Cultural Heritage TMLC Oleander Press Halkon, P. & Millett, M. 1999 Rural settlement and industry: Studies in the Iron Age and Roman Archaeology of Lowland East Yorkshire Yorkshire Archaeological Report No.4 IFA 1999 (revised 2001) Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk Based Assessments Lambrick, G. and Hind, J. 2005 Planarch 2: Review of Cultural heritage coverage in Environmental Impact Assessments Oxford Archaeology RCHM(E) 1959 An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in the City of Cambridge HMSO Taylor, A. 1999, Cambridge: The Hidden History, Stroud, Tempus. Taylor, C. 1987 Fields in the English Landscape Alan Sutton. Trumpington Local History Group, 2003, Trumpington Past and Present, Sutton Publishing VCH, 1967 The Victoria History of the Counties of England: A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely, Vol. I, Oxford. VCH, 1982 The Victoria History of the Counties of England: A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely, Vol. VIII, Oxford. Williams, A. and Martin, G.H.(eds.) 1992 Domesday Book: A complete translation Penguin. Wilson, D.R. 2000 Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists Tempus. www.bgs.ac.uk/geoindex for geological background of the site and area. www.digital-documents.co.uk www.pastscape.org.uk www.imagesofengland.org.uk Table 7.1: Data sources and references Context 7.9 This report incorporates the findings of seven individual investigations. These were instigated to inform the baseline section, but also feed into the assessment of the likely impact of development upon the identified elements of the cultural heritage resource. The findings of the archaeological evaluation report and mitigation strategy are also incorporated. The search area defined by Cambridge Archaeological Unit (2006) for their desk-top assessment was a 2.5 km radius centred on TL 436539. A full gazetteer of sites and features is at figure 7.4 and illustrated on figures 7.5 and 7.6. 7.10 A map regression exercise reviewed the detailed 19th century maps (figures 7.7 - 7.10) for the study area. A search of the listed buildings database maintained by English Heritage was undertaken independently of the HER search. 7.11 The following studies were carried out by Cambridge Archaeological Unit between January and April 2005; a desktop assessment, a buildings assessment, aerial photographic interpretation, fieldwalking, metal detecting and monitoring of geotechnical testpits. A scheme of magnetic susceptibility and magnetometry was undertaken by Oxford Archaeotechnics. Terence O’Rourke December 2007 Trumpington Meadows ES Chapter 7: Cultural Heritage TMLC 7.12 The most recent developments within the study area are the Waitrose supermarket (opened 2000), the Trumpington Park and Ride (opened 2001/2), the temporary Magistrate’s Court and the John Lewis warehouse (both opened 2005). All these are located on the eastern edge of the proposals site. Archaeological investigations undertaken prior to these developments offer invaluable information in assessing the possible archaeological resource on the site. Scope of the study 7.13 The intention of the assessment is to provide a description of the likely value, extent, state of preservation and potential significance of the cultural heritage features in the study area that could potentially be affected by the proposal. It includes consideration of all nationally and locally identified buildings and areas and their settings. The archaeological element of the study was undertaken with reference to the Institute of Field Archaeologists’ (IFA) Code of Conduct and appropriate Standards (1999). Limitations of study 7.14 The report’s conclusions are limited by the extent and quality of existing information. Its usefulness in predicting the actual archaeological resource must therefore be qualified. The studies commissioned for this impact assessment allow an appreciation of the possible archaeological potential in some sections of the study area, but complete survival of archaeological deposits across all areas of the proposed development cannot be fully quantified. Assessment of significance
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