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DOCTORAL THESIS the Unravelers Rasa, Becoming, and the Buddhist DOCTORAL THESIS The Unravelers Rasa, Becoming, and the Buddhist Novel Barber, Michael Award date: 2017 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 29. Sep. 2021 THE UNRAVELERS Rasa, Becoming, and the Buddhist Novel By Michael Barber, BA, MFA A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD Department of English and Creative Writing University of Roehampton 2017 Barber 1 ABSTRACT The Unravelers is a Buddhist novel of literary fiction, which to my knowledge is the first in the last one hundred years to synthesize the Buddhist teachings and values found in the suttas of the Pāli Canon, the theory of ancient Indian kāvya literature, and the latest stylistic and structural innovations of contemporary literary fiction. The narrative follows four characters from the moment of their deaths as they manipulate the process of becoming—the mental act of creating and entering into “worlds.” The novel depicts the characters’ development of dispassion for a variety of realms, resulting in their eventual return to the human world with the motivation necessary to practice the Buddhist path. My critical essay opens with an introduction to kāvya and Theravāda Buddhist concepts that are particularly relevant to the process of creating a fictional world— namely, saṅkhāra (fabrication) and bhava (becoming)—and the inherent karma of writing. Section II “Literary Review” explores narrative modes from Theravāda Buddhist literature and develops them through experimental narrative modes of contemporary literary fiction. Section III discusses the depiction of becoming, fabrication, and dispassion through the novel’s characters. Section IV “Rasa,” explains the theory of how a reader experiences the work’s savor, while relating the use of rasa in The Unravelers to the early Buddhist kāvyas (the Pāli Canon’s Udāna and Dhammapada, and two works by Aśvaghoṣa). Section V evaluates the classic use of Buddhist concepts and metaphors in Aśvaghoṣa’s Handsome Nanda as compared to The Unravelers. Section VI examines Jack Kerouac’s The Dharma Bums as a forerunner to the genre of the Buddhist novel and Keith Kachtick’s Hungry Ghost as archetypal. Section VII concludes by detailing The Unravelers’ contribution to the Buddhist novel. Barber 2 THE UNRAVELERS Prologue: The Flavor-Earth ............................................................................................... 6 Vanessa: Return ............................................................................................................... 12 Leo ................................................................................................................................... 17 Jules.................................................................................................................................. 23 Kairos ............................................................................................................................... 26 Vanessa: Fractals ............................................................................................................. 27 Kairos: Birth ..................................................................................................................... 30 Vanessa ............................................................................................................................ 42 Vanessa: Seeds ................................................................................................................. 46 Leo: “All Beings Subsist on Food” .................................................................................. 49 Vanessa: Deprived of Water, Burned .............................................................................. 60 The Guild: A Warning ..................................................................................................... 62 Leo: The Narrow Corridor ............................................................................................... 64 Leo: The First Meeting .................................................................................................... 69 Vanessa: Night Train ....................................................................................................... 76 Leo: The Vacuum of Time ............................................................................................... 89 The Guild: Sub-Verbal and Veiled Correspondences ...................................................... 95 Jules: Traplines ................................................................................................................ 97 Jules: The Ends of a Line ............................................................................................... 101 Vanessa: A Light at the Surface ..................................................................................... 110 Vanessa: Cigarettes, Candy ........................................................................................... 117 Vanessa: Amelie ............................................................................................................ 121 Vanessa: Don’t Run, Don’t Sink ................................................................................... 128 Vanessa: Deep Sea Blossoms ........................................................................................ 131 Jules: Lobster Pots ......................................................................................................... 137 Jules: Lotuses ................................................................................................................. 143 Jules: Caught .................................................................................................................. 150 Jules: Y2K ...................................................................................................................... 153 Vanessa: First Light ....................................................................................................... 155 Kairos: New Yorkers ..................................................................................................... 163 Kairos: Year Zero .......................................................................................................... 171 Vanessa: Gears ............................................................................................................... 175 Vanessa: Crossing .......................................................................................................... 178 Kairos: Night 1, Density ................................................................................................ 184 Kairos: Earlier Day 1, Journey ....................................................................................... 185 Kairos: Night 1, Travel .................................................................................................. 186 Kairos: Night 1, Meditation ........................................................................................... 189 Vanessa: Change in Orientation ..................................................................................... 192 Leo: Designs .................................................................................................................. 194 Leo: The First Death ...................................................................................................... 208 Kairos: Day 2, Meeting .................................................................................................. 219 Kairos: Day 2, The Procedure ........................................................................................ 221 Barber 3 Kairos: Day 2, The Contract .......................................................................................... 242 Kairos: Day 2, Return .................................................................................................... 243 Kairos: Day 3, Driving ................................................................................................... 246 Kairos: Day 3, Night ...................................................................................................... 260 Vanessa: An Address to Leo, the Boy with String ........................................................ 263 Kairos: Day 4, The Climb .............................................................................................. 270 Kairos: Rebirth ............................................................................................................... 283 Vanessa: Group Jump .................................................................................................... 284 Jules: Return ................................................................................................................... 285 RASA, BECOMING, AND THE BUDDHIST NOVEL I. Introduction:
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