sustainability Review Soil Arthropods in the Douro Demarcated Region Vineyards: General Characteristics and Ecosystem Services Provided Fátima Gonçalves 1,2,* , Cristina Carlos 1,3, Luís Crespo 4, Vera Zina 5 , Amália Oliveira 6 , Juliana Salvação 7, José Alberto Pereira 2 and Laura Torres 1 1 Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Agronomy Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
[email protected] (C.C.);
[email protected] (L.T.) 2 Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolónia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
[email protected] 3 Association for the Development of Viticulture in the Douro Region (ADVID), Center for Excellence in Vine and Wine, Science and Technology Park “Regia Douro Park”, 5000-033 Vila Real, Portugal 4 Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
[email protected] 5 Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal;
[email protected] 6 MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, University of Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
[email protected] 7 Independent Forestry and GIS Consultant, Rua da Telheira, n◦4, 5000-471 Vila Real, Portugal;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected] Citation: Gonçalves, F.; Carlos, C.; Abstract: Viticulture is one of the oldest and most profitable forms of agriculture; it is also one of Crespo, L.; Zina, V.; Oliveira, A.; the most intensive farming systems.