DOCSLIB.ORG

Bibliographic Access to Non-Roman Scripts in Library Opacs: a Study of Selected Arl Academic Libraries in the United States

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bibliographic Access to Non-Roman Scripts in Library Opacs: a Study of Selected Arl Academic Libraries in the United States BIBLIOGRAPHIC ACCESS TO NON-ROMAN SCRIPTS IN LIBRARY OPACS: A STUDY OF SELECTED ARL ACADEMIC LIBRARIES IN THE UNITED STATES By Ali Kamal Shaker BA—Cairo University-Egypt, 1995 MLIS—University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2000 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of School of Information Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2002 ii BIBLIOGRAPHIC ACCESS TO NON-ROMAN SCRIPTS IN LIBRARY OPACS A STUDY OF SELECTED ARL ACADEMIC LIBRARIES IN THE UNITED STATES Ali K. Shaker, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2002 With the increasing availability of non-Roman script materials in academic/research libraries, bibliographic access to vernacular characters in library OPACs becomes one of the primary means for users of these materials to access and use them efficiently. Though Romanization, as a bibliographic control tool, has been studied extensively during the past five decades, investigations of using original (vernacular) scripts remain inadequate. The purpose of this study was to trace the transition from Romanization-based to vernacular-based bibliographic access to non-Roman script materials. Two major developments contributing to this transition were the availability of records with script characters from bibliographic utilities, and the development of a universal character set, the Unicode standard. The main data collection instrument was a self-administered mail questionnaire sent to a purposive sample of academic library members in the Association of Research Libraries with sizeable non-Roman script collections. Another data collection technique utilized was document/Web site analysis of bibliographic utilities and library automation vendors. Forty five questionnaires were obtained, which represented 65% of an actual population of 69 libraries. The major conclusions of this study are: (1) Most academic libraries catalog their non- Roman script materials using vernacular characters in bibliographic utilities, not on their OPACs; (2) Despite the advances in multilingual support capabilities in automated library systems, academic libraries are still unable to exploit these systems to their maximum benefit; iii (3) The majority of libraries surveyed performed CJK cataloging in vernacular characters, but Cyrillic cataloging is still in romanized format; (4) CJK and Arabic/Hebrew librarians showed a strong attitude toward vernacular cataloging; Cyrillic librarians showed significant opposition (42%) in their attitudes toward Cyrillic vernacular cataloging; (5) Catalogers of CJK and Arabic/Hebrew materials experienced various difficulties with Romanization; Cyrillic catalogers had the least trouble with Romanization; and (6) Among the systems librarians surveyed, 58% indicated future plans considering scripts support. In addition, the study has developed a set of functional requirements for OPAC designers and systems managers with regard to vernacular access to script characters in bibliographic records. The future research directions recommended concern the future of Romanization as a bibliographic control tool, end users’ familiarity with transliteration tables, re-cataloging romanized records to include scripts, and multilingual authority files. iv To the memory of my father, Kamal who could not wait to celebrate my success and To my newborn son, Kamal Who comes to life near the defense of this dissertation v Acknowledgement My deepest appreciation goes to Dr. Arlene Taylor, committee chair and advisor, for her generous support throughout this dissertation process. Her expertise, guidance, and understanding were of enormous help to me. It was my great fortune to work with my committee members Dr. Edie Rasmussen, Dr. Rush Miller, and Dr. Brian Butler who enthusiastically responded to the research. Each of the committee members played a special role that corresponds, in some part, to particular aspects of this study. I have total respect and admiration for the work they have done and that they continue to do. I want to thank the librarians of the University of Pittsburgh for helping with pre-testing the questionnaire. I also want to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Donald King, School of Information Sciences and Dr. Thomas Zullo, School of Education, for checking and advising on the statistical analyses in the study. Last but not least, to my large family overseas, thanks for encouraging me till the completion of this dissertation, and I am sorry that you had to survive without me. Finally, special thanks go to my wife, Eman, and lovely daughter, Sohayla. They have been so supportive and encouraging. Without them being with me here, it would be so difficult to get this done just on the right time. Thank you all for all that you have done for me. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................x LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………..…................…1 1.1 Background ………………………….…………….....…….…..…………............1 1.2 Statement of the Problem……………………………………………….........…....3 1.3 Need for the Study……………………………………….……..………........…....5 1.4 Purpose of the Study……………………………………………...……….............5 1.5 Definitions of Terms………………………………………………...…........….....6 1.6 Overview..................................................................................................................7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ………..……………………………..........….........8 2.1 General Works…………………………………………………...…..…........…....9 2.2 Main Themes………………………………………….……………….........…...15 2.3 Empirical Research………………………………………………….........……...48 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY……………...................52 3.1 Research Questions…………………………………………………….........…...52 3.2 Delineation of the Problem…………………………………………….........…...52 3.3 Methodology………………………………………………………….........….....54 3.4 Data Collection Instruments……………………..…………………….........…...55 3.5 Pretesting the Questionnaire………………………………………….........…. ...56 3.6 Data Collection Procedures……………………………………………........…....57 3.7 Sample Frame…………………………………………………………................59 3.8 Data Analysis…….………………………………………………..........……......61 3.9 Scope and Limitations…………………………………………………................62 vii CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSES......................................................................................63 4.1 Bibliographic Access to Non-Roman Script Materials......................................................64 4.1.1 Non-Roman Script Materials.................................................................................64 4.1.2 Source of Bibliographic Records...........................................................................66 4.1.3 Storing Bibliographic Records...............................................................................67 4.1.4 Copy vs. Original Cataloging................................................................................67 4.1.5 Transliteration Schemes.........................................................................................71 4.1.6 Reasons for Romanizing Non-Roman Script Materials.........................................72 4.1.7 Starting Time of Vernacular Cataloging................................................................75 4.1.8 Reasons for Cataloging in Vernacular Scripts.......................................................76 4.1.9 Interface Languages of Automated Library Systems.............................................78 4.1.10 The Systems’ Capability of Typing in Vernacular................................................78 4.1.11 The Systems’ Capability of Searching/Displaying Vernacular.............................82 4.1.12 Non-Roman Characters in Bibliographic Fields....................................................86 4.1.13 Attitudes Toward Vernacular Cataloging..............................................................87 4.1.14 Future Consideration of Vernacular Cataloging....................................................93 4.1.15 Obstacles to Using Vernacular Scripts in OPACs.................................................94 4.1.16 Vernacular Scripts’ Access Devices......................................................................97 4.1.17 Availability of Vernacular Records.......................................................................99 4.1.18 Non-Roman Script Catalogers.............................................................................100 4.1.19 Cataloging Problems of Non-Roman Script Materials........................................102 4.1.20 Non-Roman Scripts in Bibliographic Utilities.....................................................106 4.2 Public Services for Non-Roman Script Materials............................................................109 4.2.1 Access to Transliteration Tables..........................................................................109 4.2.2 The Provision of Bibliographic Instruction.........................................................110 4.2.3 The Availability of Instructional Materials..........................................................111 4.2.4 The Availability of Public Service Librarians.....................................................111 4.2.5 Romanization Problems as Encountered by Public Service Librarians...............112 viii 4.3 Profiles of Automated Library Systems...........................................................................114
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Technical Reference Manual for the Standardization of Geographical Names United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
    ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/87 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics Division Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names United Nations New York, 2007 The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which Member States of the United Nations draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of material in the present publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The term “country” as used in the text of this publication also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/87 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No.
    [Show full text]
  • BIBFRAME at the George Washington University, an Early Experimenter
    ARTICLE RDF EXCERPTED FROM: INFORMATION STANDARDS QUARTERLY WEB WINTER 2013 | VOL 25 | ISSUE 4 | ISSN 1041-0031 MARC 21 BIBFRAME TOPIC EVOLUTION OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA EXCHANGE AUTHORITY ARE CURRENT BIBLIOGRAPHIC MODELS SUITABLE FOR INTEGRATION WITH THE WEB? A TRANSFORMATIVE OPPORTUNITY: BIBFRAME AT GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, AN EARLY EXPERIMENTER INTERVIEW WITH GILDAS ILLIEN , BnF SCHEMA BIB EXTEND AUTHOR ANNOTATION 17 IP[ IN PRACTICE ] A Transformative Opportunity: BIBFRAME at the George Washington University, an Early Experimenter JACKIE SHIEH The century’s old tradition of the library’s mission continues to resonate in the information profession, even in today’s fast-moving development of mobile technology.1 The centrality of this mission is indisputably integral to the user’s research experience. In the last two decades, information professionals have been structures, both physical and virtual. For practitioners— under pressure to remain relevant in the world of web data.2 in this case, cataloging professionals—to begin working Information professionals, in particular those who provide in this new environment, a change in their understanding bibliographic description, have had to rethink and retrain of the anatomy of a record must occur. A record consists themselves in the face of a new data service model for the of various components—author, title, publisher, physical records that they create and curate. description, etc. To think and work with each component as Library communities initiated several projects that data instead of text strings is the basis of the revolution. Data attempted to respond to the shifting information landscape can be recognized by machine methods, and connections and remain relevant to their mission.3 On May 13, 2011, the between data can be made among any resources containing Library of Congress (LC) issued a statement on transforming an identifier.
    [Show full text]
  • Azərbaycan Milli Elmlər Akademiyası İnformasiya Texnologiyaları İnstitutu
    Azerbaijan National Academy of Science Institute of Information Technology NATIONAL TRANSLITATION SYSTEM Senior Researcher of the Institute of Information Technology of ANAS Sabina Mammadzada International Conference TurkLang2020 18-19 October, 2020 Normative-legal bases of creation of "National Transliteration System" Presidential Order dated April 09, 2013 on approval of the “State Program on the use of the Azerbaijani language in accordance with the requirements of the time in the context of globalization and the development of linguistics in the country” 6.1.4. “Development of National Transliteration Standards” 6.3.9. "Development of software for transliteration from the Azerbaijani alphabet to other alphabets on the basis of national transliteration standards" 23.10.2020 2/12 Duties arising from the order Compilation of conversion Study of the interaction of Study of foreign experience tables of the Azerbaijani the Azerbaijani language in the field of transliteration scripts with the scripts of with other languages other languages Wide application and protection of Development of transliteration Adoption of national the Azerbaijani language, scripts software for the Azerbaijani scripts and terms, protection of national transliteration standards with other languages’ scripts on the values (history, territory, culture, based on conversion tables basis of national transliteration etc.) and correct communication standards with the world community 23.10.2020 3/12 The goal of the "National Transliteration System" Ensuring the one-to-one
    [Show full text]
  • IGP® / VGL Emulation Code V™ Graphics Language Programmer's Reference Manual Line Matrix Series Printers
    IGP® / VGL Emulation Code V™ Graphics Language Programmer’s Reference Manual Line Matrix Series Printers Trademark Acknowledgements IBM and IBM PC are registered trademarks of the International Business Machines Corp. HP and PCL are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company. IGP, LinePrinter Plus, PSA, and Printronix are registered trademarks of Printronix, LLC. QMS is a registered trademark and Code V is a trademark of Quality Micro Systems, Inc. CSA is a registered certification mark of the Canadian Standards Association. TUV is a registered certification mark of TUV Rheinland of North America, Inc. UL is a registered certification mark of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. This product uses Intellifont Scalable typefaces and Intellifont technology. Intellifont is a registered trademark of Agfa Division, Miles Incorporated (Agfa). CG Triumvirate are trademarks of Agfa Division, Miles Incorporated (Agfa). CG Times, based on Times New Roman under license from The Monotype Corporation Plc is a product of Agfa. Printronix, LLC. makes no representations or warranties of any kind regarding this material, including, but not limited to, implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Printronix, LLC. shall not be held responsible for errors contained herein or any omissions from this material or for any damages, whether direct, indirect, incidental or consequential, in connection with the furnishing, distribution, performance or use of this material. The information in this manual is subject to change without notice. This document contains proprietary information protected by copyright. No part of this document may be reproduced, copied, translated or incorporated in any other material in any form or by any means, whether manual, graphic, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Printronix, LLC.
    [Show full text]
  • IS0 9036 : 1987 (E) This Is a Preview - Click Here to Buy the Full Publication
    This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication IS0 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 9036 First edition 1987-04-H INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION MEXflYHAPOflHAFl OPI-AHM3AuMR l-l0 CTAHJJAPTM3A~MM Information processing - Arabic 7-bit coded character set for information interchange Jeu de caractkres arabes cod& A 7 Mments pour Ochange d/information Reference number IS0 9036 : 1987 (E) This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the IS0 Council. They are approved in accordance with IS0 procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard IS0 9636 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 97, Information processing systems. Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its latest edition, unless otherwise stated. 0 International Organization for Standardization, 1987 Printed in Switzerland This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication IS0 9036: 1987 (El Contents Page 1 Scope and field of application ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • RDA, BIBFRAME, and the FRBR Library Reference Model The
    Where Are We Headed? RDA, BIBFRAME, and the FRBR Library Reference Model The technical services world is in a state of chaotic transformation at this moment, and undoubtedly librarians are feeling the growing pains. Three major initiatives in the cataloging field are driving the revolution, and their adoption will mean big changes in the way that catalogers and metadata specialists approach their work. Given the many projects, models, and papers being disseminated and discussed within the library community, the question becomes, what will library cataloging and metadata creation look like in the next decade? Where are we headed? And what knowledge and skills will we need to function in this increasingly digital and mechanized world? The metadata and data management initiatives that are currently being developed, both in and outside the library realm, are numerous, but at the moment three large projects are currently underway that have the potential to be the most transformative for those providing metadata and cataloging services in libraries. The first is the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)’s Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) Library Reference Model (FRBR LRM) (Riva, Le Bœuf and Žumer, 2016) which seeks to harmonize the various FRBR models into one. The second is the ongoing development and reworking of Resource Description and Access (RDA), the set of rules used to standardize bibliographic description for world-wide access and sharing (RDA, 2010). The third is BIBFRAME, an encoding system which will eventually (probably?) replace the current MAchine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) record as the fundamental repository for bibliographic data (Library of Congress Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative, 2012a).
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Bibliographic Records and CJK Cataloging in U.S
    San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master's Theses Master's Theses and Graduate Research Fall 2009 Japanese bibliographic records and CJK cataloging in U.S. university libraries. Mie Onnagawa San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses Recommended Citation Onnagawa, Mie, "Japanese bibliographic records and CJK cataloging in U.S. university libraries." (2009). Master's Theses. 4010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.pcb8-mryq https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4010 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JAPANESE BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND CJK CATALOGING IN U.S. UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Library and Information Science San Jose State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Library and Information Science by Mie Onnagawa December 2009 UMI Number: 1484368 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Dissertation Publishing UM! 1484368 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code.
    [Show full text]
  • A Framework for Intensive R Developing Cross-Br E Arabic Web Applicati Rowser Data Ions
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261111986 A framework for developing cross-browser data intensive Arabic Web applications Conference Paper · October 2012 DOI: 10.1109/ICCTA.2012.6523547 CITATION READS 1 17 3 authors: Mahmoud Youssef Nourhan Hamdi George Washington University Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport 12 PUBLICATIONS 72 CITATIONS 3 PUBLICATIONS 4 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Salma Rayan University of Strathclyde 2 PUBLICATIONS 2 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Enhancing location privacy View project All content following this page was uploaded by Salma Rayan on 20 June 2020. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. A Framework for Developing Cross-Browser Data Intensive Arabic Web Applications Mahmoud Youssef, Nourhan Hamdi, and Salma Rayan Business Information Systems Department Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport Alexandria, Egypt [email protected], [email protected], and [email protected] Abstract— the frequent encounter of incorrectly functioning The impact of properly functioning Arabic data-intensive Arabic Websites, especially those of large businesses and Websites can be seen on different fronts. From a societal governments calls for a clear and applied framework to help perspective, it enables the spread of e-commerce and e- practitioners develop properly functioning Websites. The issue of government applications in the Arab world with their Website internationalization has been addressed in a plethora of associated benefits. Moreover, it enhances the trust in the standards, guideline, good practices, and tutorials.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory of Romanization Tools
    Inventory of Romanization Tools Standards Intellectual Management Office Library and Archives Canad Ottawa 2006 Inventory of Romanization Tools page 1 Language Script Romanization system for an English Romanization system for a French Alternate Romanization system catalogue catalogue Amharic Ethiopic ALA-LC 1997 BGN/PCGN 1967 UNGEGN 1967 (I/17). http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_am.pdf Arabic Arabic ALA-LC 1997 ISO 233:1984.Transliteration of Arabic BGN/PCGN 1956 characters into Latin characters NLC COPIES: BS 4280:1968. Transliteration of Arabic characters NL Stacks - TA368 I58 fol. no. 00233 1984 E DMG 1936 NL Stacks - TA368 I58 fol. no. DIN-31635, 1982 00233 1984 E - Copy 2 I.G.N. System 1973 (also called Variant B of the Amended Beirut System) ISO 233-2:1993. Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters -- Part 2: Lebanon national system 1963 Arabic language -- Simplified transliteration Morocco national system 1932 Royal Jordanian Geographic Centre (RJGC) System Survey of Egypt System (SES) UNGEGN 1972 (II/8). http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_ar.pdf Update, April 2004: http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/ung22str.pdf Armenian Armenian ALA-LC 1997 ISO 9985:1996. Transliteration of BGN/PCGN 1981 Armenian characters into Latin characters Hübschmann-Meillet. Assamese Bengali ALA-LC 1997 ISO 15919:2001. Transliteration of Hunterian System Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters UNGEGN 1977 (III/12). http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_as.pdf 14/08/2006 Inventory of Romanization Tools page 2 Language Script Romanization system for an English Romanization system for a French Alternate Romanization system catalogue catalogue Azerbaijani Arabic, Cyrillic ALA-LC 1997 ISO 233:1984.Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Record: Report of the Library of Congress Working Group on The
    OOnn tthhee RReeccoorrdd __________________________________________________________________________ Report of The Library of Congress Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control January 9, 2008 WORKING GROUP ON THE FUTURE OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC CONTROL Richard Amelung John Latham Associate Director Director, Information Center Omer Poos Law Library Special Libraries Association Saint Louis University Clifford Lynch Diane Boehr Executive Director Head, Cataloging Section Coalition for Networked Information Technical Services Division Olivia M. A. Madison (Co-Chair) National Library of Medicine Dean of the Library Diane Dates Casey Iowa State University Dean of Library Services and Judith Nadler Academic Computing Director and University Librarian Governors State University University of Chicago Library Daniel Clancy Brian E. C. Schottlaender (Co-Editor) Engineering Director The Audrey Geisel University Librarian Google University of California, San Diego Christopher Cole Sally Smith Associate Director, Technical Services Manager of Cataloging and Processing National Agricultural Library King County Library System Lorcan Dempsey Seattle, WA Vice President, Programs and Research, Robert Wolven and Chief Strategist Associate University Librarian for OCLC, Inc. Bibliographic Services and Jay Girotto Collection Development Windows Live Search Columbia University Group Program Manager Microsoft Corporation Project Consultants José-Marie Griffiths (Co-Chair) Karen Coyle Dean and Professor Library Consultant School of Information and Library
    [Show full text]
  • Le Codage Informatique De L'écriture Arabe : D'asmo 449 À Unicode Et
    Le codage informatique de l’écriture arabe : d’ASMO 449 à Unicode et ISO/CEI 10646 Rachid Zghibi Département documentation Université Paris 8 Maison des Sciences de l’Homme Paris Nord 4, rue de la Croix Faron, Plaine Saint-Denis F-93210 Saint-Denis [email protected] RÉSUMÉ. Le traitement de l’écriture arabe par le standard Unicode et la norme ISO/CEI 10646 constitue l’objet de cet article. Nous présentons d’abord les principaux problèmes liés au codage informatique de l’écriture arabe, puis nous montrons comment Unicode résout ces problèmes. ABSTRACT. The present paper deals with the treatment of arabic script by the Unicode and ISO/CEI 10646. First, we shall outline the principal problems related to the encoding of arabic script. Then we shall show how Unicode resolves this problems. MOTS-CLÉS : écriture arabe, Unicode, ISO/CEI 10646, codage. KEYWORDS: arabic script, Unicode, ISO/CEI 10646, encoding. Document numérique. Volume 6 – n° 3-4/2002, pages 155 à 182 Cet article des Editions Lavoisier est disponible en acces libre et gratuit sur dn.revuesonline.com 156 DN – 6/2002. Unicode, écriture du monde ? 1. Écriture arabe 1.1.Origine L’arabe fait partie des langues chamito-sémitique et plus précisément, à l’intérieur de cet ensemble, du groupe des langues sémitiques. Ce groupe se divise en sémitique oriental (avec l’akkadien), sémitique occidental ou du nord (cananéen, phénicien, hébreu, araméen) et sémitique méridional. L’arabe relève de ce dernier groupe avec l’éthiopien et le sud-arabique. À la différence d’autres nations, comme les anciens égyptiens, les babyloniens et les chinois dont les systèmes d’écriture remontent à des milliers d’années, l’écriture arabe n’est apparue qu’au VIe siècle.
    [Show full text]
  • Toth 2017.Pdf
    Terminologie & Ontologie : Théories et Applications Actes de la conférence TOTh 2017 Chambéry – 8 & 9 juin 2017 Publications précédentes TOTh 2007 Actes de la première conférence TOTh - Annecy - er1 juin 2007 TOTh 2008 Actes de la deuxième conférence TOTh - Annecy – 5 et 6 juin 2008 TOTh 2009 Actes de la troisième conférence TOTh - Annecy – 4 et 5 juin 2009 TOTh 2010 Actes de la quatrième conférence TOTh - Annecy – 3 et 4 juin 2010 TOTh 2011 Actes de la cinquième conférence TOTh - Annecy – 24 et 25 mai 2011 TOTh 2012 Actes de la première conférence TOTh - Chambéry – 7 et 8 juin 20012 TOTh 2013 Actes de la deuxième conférence TOTh - Chambéry – 6 et 7 juin 2013 TOTh 2014 Actes de la troisième conférence TOTh - Chambéry – 12 et 13 juin 2014 TOTh 2015 Actes de la quatrième conférence TOTh - Chambéry – 2 et 3 juin 2015 TOTh 2016 Actes de la cinquième conférence TOTh - Chambéry – 9 et 10 juin 2016 Pour les ouvrages publiés ci-dessus, commandes à adresser à : [email protected] Éditeur : Université Savoie Mont Blanc 27 rue Marcoz BP 1104 73011 CHAMBÉRY CEDEX www.univ-smb.fr Réalisation : S. Carvalho & C. Brun Collection « Terminologica » ISBN : 978-2-919732-80-7 ISSN : en cours Dépôt légal : janvier 2018 Terminologie & Ontologie : Théories et Applications Actes de la conférence TOTh 2017 Chambéry – 8 & 9 juin 2017 http://toth.condillac.org avec le soutien de : Université Savoie Mont Blanc Association Européenne de Terminologie École d’ingénieurs Polytech Annecy Chambéry Université Savoie Mont Blanc Collection « Terminologica » Comité scientifique Président du Comité scientifique : Christophe Roche Comité de pilotage Rute Costa Universidade Nova de Lisboa Humbley John Université Paris 7 Kockaert Hendrik University of Leuven Christophe Roche Université Savoie Mont Blanc Comité de programme 2017 Le comité de programme est constitué chaque année à partir du comité scientifique de TOTh en fonction des soumissions reçues.
    [Show full text]