University of Ghana, Legon College of Humanities

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

University of Ghana, Legon College of Humanities University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES CENTRE FOR SOCIAL POLICY STUDIES AN APPRAISAL OF WORLD VISIONS APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE SOCIAL INTERVENTIONS IN THE AMASAMAN DISTRICT. BY AKUFFO ROWLANDA NANA ABENA BOAFOA (10350615) THIS DISSERTATION IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITYOF GHANA, LEGON IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE IN SOCIAL POLICY STUDIES JULY, 2017 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION I hereby declare that except for references to other people’s work which have been duly acknowledged, this dissertation is the result of my research work carried out in the Centre for Social Policy Studies (CSPS), University of Ghana, under the supervision of Dr Antoinette- Cecilia Tsiboe-Darko. …………………………………………. Date Akuffo Rowlanda Nana Abena Boafoa (Student-10350615) ………………………………………… Date Dr. Antoinette-Cecilia Tsiboe-Darko (Supervisor) i University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION I dedicate this work first and foremost to God almighty for granting me the opportunity to pursue this course and strength to finish it to its end. I would also like to dedicate this work to my mother, Gertrude Naa Korkoi Ashong and brother, Rowland Papa Yaw Asah Akuffo Jnr for their immense support and incessant words of encouragements. ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am first and foremost grateful to Dr. Antoinette-Cecilia Tsiboe-Darko of the University of Ghana, Centre for Social Policy Studies, for her inestimable counsel, guidance and support leading to the accomplishment of this project. The Lord God Almighty bless you. The completion of this work would not have been feasible if not for the input of all respondents to this study. I will like to particularly acknowledge the support of the World Vision ADP Manager for Ga West, Mr Christopher Teye and his personnel and the opinion leaders and residents in Odumase-Amanfrom, Kojo Ashong and Kwashiekuma who took some time off their busy schedules to attend to some of the requests of this study. I am very grateful for your help. Thank you and God bless you abundantly. I am also very grateful to Ralph Asubonteng for his colossal contribution even during his ill- health. Thank you and I am very grateful. My final acknowledgement goes to all family and friends and colleagues especially my mum, brother and Kweku Kobea Bentsi-Enchill for the wonderful support and reminders given to me during this period. Thank you all for the love and support. They are greatly appreciated. iii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ABSTRACT The main focus was World Visions water project in three selected communities (Kwashiekuma, Kojo Ashong and Odumase) in the Amasaman District. The study employed a mixed method approach using quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data from beneficiaries who were mainly school children and opinion leaders in the community. Collection of data was done using interviews and structured questionnaire. A sample size of 60 was used for Quantitative data and five (5) opinion leaders provided relevant qualitative data which helped to triangulate findings from quantitative results. Findings from the study were analysed using simple frequency tables for quantitative data and themes for qualitative data. From the study, World Vision’s sustainability approaches were; planning, community participation, training, maintenance and water treatment. Findings from the study showed that the community played a major role and was willing to support World Visions water project in the study areas to ensure sustainability. However major challenges such as funds to support and maintain projects, inadequate trained personnel to manage the project, lack of extensive community consultation in planning and project implementation and salty water supply affected sustainability. Generally, the study noted that World Vision water project in the study areas have not made major impact to the beneficiaries as well as the community as a result of the many challenges which had not been addressed. Findings from the study were mostly consistent with the literature but largely departed from World Visions sustenance approaches. The major weakness of the study was that it was conducted in few selected communities in the Amasaman District and that there is the need to conduct a comprehensive study with focused groups’ discussions to make concrete conclusions on the subject matter. iv University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADPs Area Development Programmes APs Area Programmes CBO Community Based Operations CDP Community Development Project CP Community Participation GWF Ghana Water Forum GWSC Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation LPCD Litres Per Capita per Day NCWSP National Community Water and Sanitation Programme NGO Non-Governmental Organisations UNC University of North Carolina WVG World Vision Ghana WVO World Vision Official WV World Vision VLOM Village Level Operation and Maintenance v University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. i DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Background of the Study ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Statement of the Problem. ..................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Research Objectives .............................................................................................................. 7 1.3 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Scope of the Study................................................................................................................. 9 1.6 Organisation of the Study ...................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 10 vi University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................. 10 2.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Overview of Water Supply System in Ghana ..................................................................... 10 2.2 Conceptual Description of Sustainability ............................................................................ 12 2.3 Project Sustainability........................................................................................................... 13 2.4 Sustainability in Water Supply System ............................................................................... 14 2.5 Conceptual Framework of the study ................................................................................... 18 2.6 Sustainability and Community Participation....................................................................... 19 2.7 Community Training ........................................................................................................... 23 CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 27 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 27 3.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 27 3.1 Study Area ........................................................................................................................... 27 3.1.1 Physical features ........................................................................................................... 28 3.1.2 Democratic background of Study Area .......................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents Page LIST OF ACRONYMS a EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Scope of Study 1 1.2 Background – Volta River Authority 2 1.3 Proposed Aboadze-Volta Transmission Line Project (AVTP) 3 1.4 Legal, Regulatory and Policy Considerations 5 1.5 Future developments by VRA 8 2.0 Description of proposed development 10 2.1 Pre-Construction Activities 11 2.2 Construction Phase Activities 12 2.3 Operational Phase Activities 17 2.3.1 Other Operational Considerations 20 3.0 Description of Existing Environments 21 3.1 Bio-Physical Environment 21 3.1.1 Climate 21 3.1.2 Flora 25 3.1.3 Fauna 35 3.1.4 Water Resources 43 3.1.5 Geology and Soils 44 3.1.6 General Land Use 51 3.2 Socio-Economic/Cultural Environment 51 3.2.1 Methodology 53 3.2.2 Profiles of the Districts in the Project Area 54 3.2.2(a) Shama - Ahanta East Metropolitan Area 54 3.2.2(b) Komenda - Edina - Eguafo - Abirem (KEEA) District 58 i 3.2.2(c) Mfantseman District 61 3.2.2(d) Awutu-Effutu-Senya District 63 3.2.2(e) Tema Municipal Area 65 3.2.2(f) Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese 68 3.2.2(g) Ga District 71 3.2.2(h) Gomoa District 74 3.3 Results of Socio-Economic Surveys 77 (Communities, Persons and Property) 3.3.1 Information on Affected Persons and Properties 78 3.3.1.1 Age Distribution of Affected Persons 78 3.3.1.2 Gender Distribution of Affected Persons 79 3.3.1.3 Marital Status of Affected Persons 80 3.3.1.4 Ethnic Composition of Afected Persons 81 3.3.1.5 Household Size/Dependents of Affected Persons 81 3.3.1.6 Religious backgrounds of Affected Persons 82 3.3.2 Economic Indicators
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in Land Rights and Livelihoods in Peri-Urban Accra
    IDRC - Lib. lo(Sao Farming in the Shadow of the City: Changes in Land Rights and Livelihoods in Peri-Urban Accra by Daniel Maxwell, Wordsworth Odame Larbi, Grace Mary Lamptey, Sawudatu Zakariah, and Margaret Armar-Klemesu February, 1998 Cities Feeding People Series Report 23 Farming in the Shadow of the City: Changes in Land Rights and Livelihoods in Peri-Urban Accra Daniel Maxwell,* Wordsworth Odame Larbi," Grace Mary Lamptey, Sawudatu Zakariah,"' and Margaret Armar-Klemesu- *Food Consumption and Nutrition Division International Food Policy Research Institute 1200 17th Street, NW Washington, DC 20036-3006 "Lands Commission Ministries Post Office, Private Bag Accra, Ghana 'Nutrition Unit No;uchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana P.O. Box 25 Legon, Ghana February, 1998 Farming in the Shadow of the City: Changes in Land Rights and Livelihoods in Peri-Urban Accra Abstract Contending perspectives have interpreted the impact of rapid growth in peri-urban areas in very different ways. One school of thought characterizes peri-urban growth as leading to the development of new markets, and the conversion of property rights in such a way as to transform the local economy, leading to greater entrepreneurialism. Another sees the destruction of agricultural livelihoods without necessarily replacing them with any alternative form of economic activity. This paper reviews the literature on pen-urban land use, property rights change, and livelihoods, and then compares four cases within the peri-urban periphery of Greater Accra, the capital and largest city of Ghana, to assess the impact of rapid urban sprawl on the area immediately surrounding the city.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Associated with the Utilization of Skilled Delivery Services in the Ga East Municipality of Ghana. Part 1: Demographic Characteristics
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 2, ISSUE 8, AUGUST 2013 ISSN 2277-8616 Factors Associated With The Utilization Of Skilled Delivery Services In The Ga East Municipality Of Ghana. Part 1: Demographic Characteristics Reuben Kwasi Esena, Mary-Margaret Sappor Abstract: The survival and wellbeing of a mother is important in addressing the Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) which aims at improving maternal health by reducing maternal mortality. The health care that a mother receives during conception, delivery and postnatal is crucial in preventing complications which lead to disability or death of the mother or child. Even with the best possible antenatal care, any delivery can become complicated. Therefore skilled assistance is essential (GSS 2009). In the more developed countries, skilled attendance is about 99.5% whereas that of Africa is 46.5% (WHO, 2008) and Ghana was 59% in 2008 (GSS 2012) below the WHO target of 85% in 2010 (WHO, 2005). The Ga East Municipality of Ghana has a skilled delivery trend of 29.8% in 2008, 31.6% in 2009 and 37.5% in 2010 respectively (Ga East District Annual Report, 2010). Factors associated with this trend is unknown and needs to be investigated. The main objective of this study is to determine the various factors associated with utilization of skilled delivery services in the Ga East Municipality. Specifically it seeks to determine the proportion of births attended to by skilled birth attendants, identify the socio- demographic characteristics associated with access to skilled delivery services, and also to identify the barriers to the utilization of skilled delivery services.
    [Show full text]
  • Ga East Municipal Assembly
    REPUBLIC OF GHANA THE COMPOSITE BUDGET OF THE GA EAST MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY FOR THE 2016 FISCAL YEAR 0 | P a g e 1For Copies of this MMDA’s Composite Budget, please contact the address below: The Coordinating Director, Ga East Municipal Assembly Greater Accra Region This 2016 Composite Budget is also available on the internet at: www.mofep.gov.gh or www.ghanadistricts.com Contents SECTION I: INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE ASSEMBLY …………………………………………………………………………………….4 Population Size……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5 Education………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5 Roads and Transport……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5 Health Services……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6 Agricultural Sector…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6 Tourism Potentials of the Assembly…………………………………………………………………………………………………………6 Vision and Mission Statements………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7 The Assembly's broad Objectives in line with GSGDA II……………………………………………………………………………7 1 | P a g e SECTION II: OUTTURN OF 2015 COMPOSITE BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION Revenue Performance for 2015 (IGF Only)…………………………………………………………………………………9 Revenue Performance for 2015 (All Revenue Sources)……………………………………………………………13 Expenditure Performance for 2015 (Schedule 1 Departments) ………………………………………………16 Expenditure Performance for 2015 (All Departments) …………..………………………………………………17 Details of Expenditure from 2015 Budget by Schedule 1 Departments…………………………………….19 Details of Expenditure from 2015 Budget by Schedule
    [Show full text]
  • Quality Attributes for Group 1
    African Food Tradition rEvisited by Research FP7 n°245025 Start date of project: 01/09/2010 Duration: 45 months Deliverable number : D 1.1.2.1 Title of deliverable: Survey results: quality attributes for Group 1 Deliverable type ( Report, Prototype, Demonstration, Other ): Report Dissemination level (PU, PP, RE, CO)*: PU Contractual date of delivery: April 2011 Actual date of delivery: September 2011 Work-package contributing to the deliverable: WP 1 Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: CSIR Authors: are indicated by product in each report below This document has been send to : The coordinator by WP Leader Date: September 2011 To the Commission by the Coordinator Date: October 2011 * PU: Public; PP: Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services); RE: Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services); CO: Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Akpan Identification of quality attributes by survey Part of D 1.1.2.1: Survey results: quality attributes for Group 1 Authors: Carole Sacca Laurent Adinsi Noël Akissoé Générose Dalodé Joseph Hounhouigan AFTER (G.A n°245025) – Deliverable 1.1.2.1 Survey results: quality attributes for Group 1 Table of contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Background .............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL REPORT 2009 1 Minister for Health (Hon
    ANNU INSURANCE A N A AL TION REPOR AL HEAL UTHORITY T 2009 TH 2 A R N 0 E N P O 0 U R NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE AUTHORITY A 9 T L 1 Minister for Health (Hon. Dr. Benjamin Kunbuor) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS VISION AND MISSION STATEMENTS........................................................................................................................................................................... THE NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE COUNCIL (BOARD OF DIRECTORS) ................................................................................................................... MANAGEMENT TEAM ................................................................................................................................................................................................ PROFILE OF DIRECTORS.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2009 CHAIRMAN'S REPORT................................................................................................................................................................................................. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE ............................................................................................................................................................................. REPORT 2009 ANNUAL REPORT..............................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Master of Science in Procurement Management
    KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION OF THE CAPACITIES OF MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLIES TO ADOPT ELECTRONIC PROCUREMENT WITH RESPECT TO THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL, ORGANISATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, A MULTIPLE-CASE STUDY OF NINE MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLIES IN THE GREATER ACCRA By ALEXANDER PREBI GHARTEY (BSC BUILDING TECHNOLOGY) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING TECHNOLOGY, KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT JUNE 2014 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work towards the Masters of Procurement Management and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no materials previously published by another person nor materials which have been accepted for the award of any other degree of the University, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Alexander Prebi Ghartey ......................................... ………................................. (PG7071512) Signature Date Certified by: Dr. Gabriel Nani ......................................... ........................................ (Supervisor) Signature Date Certified by: Prof. J. Ayarkwa ........................................... ......................................... Head of Department Signature Date i ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the capacities of Municipal Assemblies to adopt
    [Show full text]
  • The Composite Budget of the La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal
    REPUBLIC OF GHANA THE COMPOSITE BUDGET OF THE LA NKWANTANANG MADINA MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY FOR THE 2015 FISCAL YEAR PROFILE OF LA NKWANTANANG MADINA MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY Introduction La Nkwantanang- Madina Municipal Assembly was established by Legislative Instrument (L.I.) 2030 and inaugurated in June 2012. It was carved out of the Ga East Municipal Assembly. The Municipality is divided into 9 electoral areas with 2 Zonal Councils. The Assembly has 16 Assembly members made up of 10 elected and 5 appointed members. The Municipal Assembly has one Constituency thus one Member of Parliament, who is a member of the Assembly without the right to vote. La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal Assembly has been part of many Assemblies before its evolution into a fully-fledged Municipal Assembly.Madina was innitally part of the Ga District Assembly from 1983 until it Ga East Municipal Assembly was spun out from Ga District in 2004. Madina used to be a fully function Zonal Council of GEMA until it was given a municipal staus in 2012. All the previous metamorphoses of the area is largely as result of fast moving population dynamics. The rapidly increasing population of the areas as a result of “urban creep” in the fast growing peri-urban areas, large and unrelenting migration from many parts of the country and beyond created the condition for the emergence of the La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal Assembly. The La-Nkwantanang Madina Municipal Assembly (LANMMA) is located at the northern part of Greater Accra Region. It is one of the sixteen (16) Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies in the Greater Accra Region and covers a Land Area of 166 sq km.
    [Show full text]
  • Ga East Municipality
    GA EAST MUNICIPALITY Copyright © 2014 Ghana Statistical Service ii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT No meaningful developmental activity can be undertaken without taking into account the characteristics of the population for whom the activity is targeted. The size of the population and its spatial distribution, growth and change over time, in addition to its socio-economic characteristics are all important in development planning. A population census is the most important source of data on the size, composition, growth and distribution of a country’s population at the national and sub-national levels. Data from the 2010 Population and Housing Census (PHC) will serve as reference for equitable distribution of national resources and government services, including the allocation of government funds among various regions, districts and other sub-national populations to education, health and other social services. The Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) is delighted to provide data users, especially the Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies, with district-level analytical reports based on the 2010 PHC data to facilitate their planning and decision-making. The District Analytical Report for the Ga East Municipality is one of the 216 district census reports aimed at making data available to planners and decision makers at the district level. In addition to presenting the district profile, the report discusses the social and economic dimensions of demographic variables and their implications for policy formulation, planning and interventions. The conclusions and recommendations drawn from the district report are expected to serve as a basis for improving the quality of life of Ghanaians through evidence- based decision-making, monitoring and evaluation of developmental goals and intervention programmes.
    [Show full text]
  • Published by Authority FRIDAY, 7Th AUGUST No. 38 1998 CONTENTS
    Published by Authority' No. 38 FRIDAY, 7th AUGUST 1998 CONTENTS Page Notice of Publication of a Bill 164 Notice of Publication of Official Bulletin 164 The National Weekly Lotto Results 164 v Notice of Publication of District Assembly Elections Results—Greater Accra Region 164 Notice of Publication of District Assembly Elections Results—Central Region 170 Notice of Publication oi District Assembly Elections Results—Western Region 182 Notice of Publication of District Assembly Elections Results—Upper East Region 193 I I i J GHANA GAZETTE. 7th AUGUST, 1998 164 NOTICE OF PUBLICATION OF A BILL The following Bill is published today: The University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (Amendment) Act, 199S NOTICE OF PUBLICATION OF OFFICIAL BULLETIN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL NO. 21 is published today, price: 02,000 Summary of Contents Companies Page Notice of Sale of Overtime Goods—PortofTema 188 THE NATIONAL WEEKLY LOTTO RESULTS It is hereby certified that a National Weekly Lotto Draw was held on Saturday, 1st August 1998 in accordance with the provisions of the National Weekly Lotto Act, 1961 and the Regulations published thereunder and that the « following numbers were drawn in successive order: 17 -62 -75 - 52-40 Col. MARTIN GBIKPI Director of National Lotteries DISTRICT ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS RESULTS, 1998 GREATER ACCRA REGION GA DISTRICT -v-i No. Electoral Area Name of Elected Candidate No. of Votes Obtained 1. Pokuase Tsetse Prosper 601 2. Ofankor James Tetteh Larlcy Unopposed 3. Amasaman Benjamin Akucllch Sowah 767 4. Sarpeiman Iddrisu S. Obodai .. 776 5. Mayera Kwao Sackcy 498 6. Samsam Comfort Zormelo .. 303 7. Gonno Raindolf Ashitcy Mensah 103 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Ga East Composite Budget 2020
    TABLE OF CONTENTS PART A: STRATEGIC OVERVIEW ................................................................................ 4 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DISTRICT .................................................................... 4 2. VISION ..................................................................................................................... 5 3. MISSION .................................................................................................................. 5 REPUBLIC OF GHANA 4. GOALS ..................................................................................................................... 5 5. CORE FUNCTIONS ................................................................................................. 5 COMPOSITE BUDGET 6. DISTRICT ECONOMY .............................................................................................. 6 a. AGRICULTURE ........................................................................................................ 6 FOR 2020-2023 e. HEALTH ................................................................................................................... 8 f. WATER AND SANITATION ..................................................................................... 8 7. KEY ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2019 ............................................................................... 9 PROGRAMME BASED BUDGET ESTIMATES 8. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE PERFORMANCE .............................................. 11 a. REVENUE ...................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ga and Adangbe Canoe Culture: a Composite Art Form for Studio
    GA AND ADANGBE CANOE CULTURE: A COMPOSITE ART FORM FOR STUDIO PRACTICE EXPLORATION By Kirk Divine Agbenu A Thesis submitted to the Department of General Art Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY College of Art and Social Sciences Faculty of Art ©August, 2011, Department of General Art Studies i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work towards the PhD and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published by another person nor material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree of the University, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Kirk Divine Agbenu (20039932) ………………… ………………… Student’s Name & ID: Signature Date Certified by: ………………..… ………………… Dr. Prof. Richmond Teye Ackam (Supervisor’s Name) Signature Date Certified by: Nana Afia Opoku-Asare (Mrs.) …………………… ………………… (Head of Department’s Name) Signature Date ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A thesis of this kind involves so many people in all its stages - conceptual, evolutional and analytical - such that when it is completed the researcher feels indebted to many people. Indeed the content of the pages of this thesis are imbedded with layers of contributions and experiences of experts in art, university lecturers, marine specialists, canoe artists, fishermen and chief fishermen as well as the countless men and women I bump into each time I went to the beach sites looking for the next information. I wish to thank all lecturers at the Department of General Art Studies especially, Art Education for the knowledge I acquired from the courses I took in the Department which have helped my academic work a great deal.
    [Show full text]