University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES CENTRE FOR SOCIAL POLICY STUDIES AN APPRAISAL OF WORLD VISIONS APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE SOCIAL INTERVENTIONS IN THE AMASAMAN DISTRICT. BY AKUFFO ROWLANDA NANA ABENA BOAFOA (10350615) THIS DISSERTATION IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITYOF GHANA, LEGON IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE IN SOCIAL POLICY STUDIES JULY, 2017 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION I hereby declare that except for references to other people’s work which have been duly acknowledged, this dissertation is the result of my research work carried out in the Centre for Social Policy Studies (CSPS), University of Ghana, under the supervision of Dr Antoinette- Cecilia Tsiboe-Darko. …………………………………………. Date Akuffo Rowlanda Nana Abena Boafoa (Student-10350615) ………………………………………… Date Dr. Antoinette-Cecilia Tsiboe-Darko (Supervisor) i University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION I dedicate this work first and foremost to God almighty for granting me the opportunity to pursue this course and strength to finish it to its end. I would also like to dedicate this work to my mother, Gertrude Naa Korkoi Ashong and brother, Rowland Papa Yaw Asah Akuffo Jnr for their immense support and incessant words of encouragements. ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am first and foremost grateful to Dr. Antoinette-Cecilia Tsiboe-Darko of the University of Ghana, Centre for Social Policy Studies, for her inestimable counsel, guidance and support leading to the accomplishment of this project. The Lord God Almighty bless you. The completion of this work would not have been feasible if not for the input of all respondents to this study. I will like to particularly acknowledge the support of the World Vision ADP Manager for Ga West, Mr Christopher Teye and his personnel and the opinion leaders and residents in Odumase-Amanfrom, Kojo Ashong and Kwashiekuma who took some time off their busy schedules to attend to some of the requests of this study. I am very grateful for your help. Thank you and God bless you abundantly. I am also very grateful to Ralph Asubonteng for his colossal contribution even during his ill- health. Thank you and I am very grateful. My final acknowledgement goes to all family and friends and colleagues especially my mum, brother and Kweku Kobea Bentsi-Enchill for the wonderful support and reminders given to me during this period. Thank you all for the love and support. They are greatly appreciated. iii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ABSTRACT The main focus was World Visions water project in three selected communities (Kwashiekuma, Kojo Ashong and Odumase) in the Amasaman District. The study employed a mixed method approach using quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data from beneficiaries who were mainly school children and opinion leaders in the community. Collection of data was done using interviews and structured questionnaire. A sample size of 60 was used for Quantitative data and five (5) opinion leaders provided relevant qualitative data which helped to triangulate findings from quantitative results. Findings from the study were analysed using simple frequency tables for quantitative data and themes for qualitative data. From the study, World Vision’s sustainability approaches were; planning, community participation, training, maintenance and water treatment. Findings from the study showed that the community played a major role and was willing to support World Visions water project in the study areas to ensure sustainability. However major challenges such as funds to support and maintain projects, inadequate trained personnel to manage the project, lack of extensive community consultation in planning and project implementation and salty water supply affected sustainability. Generally, the study noted that World Vision water project in the study areas have not made major impact to the beneficiaries as well as the community as a result of the many challenges which had not been addressed. Findings from the study were mostly consistent with the literature but largely departed from World Visions sustenance approaches. The major weakness of the study was that it was conducted in few selected communities in the Amasaman District and that there is the need to conduct a comprehensive study with focused groups’ discussions to make concrete conclusions on the subject matter. iv University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADPs Area Development Programmes APs Area Programmes CBO Community Based Operations CDP Community Development Project CP Community Participation GWF Ghana Water Forum GWSC Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation LPCD Litres Per Capita per Day NCWSP National Community Water and Sanitation Programme NGO Non-Governmental Organisations UNC University of North Carolina WVG World Vision Ghana WVO World Vision Official WV World Vision VLOM Village Level Operation and Maintenance v University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. i DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Background of the Study ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Statement of the Problem. ..................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Research Objectives .............................................................................................................. 7 1.3 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Scope of the Study................................................................................................................. 9 1.6 Organisation of the Study ...................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 10 vi University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................. 10 2.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Overview of Water Supply System in Ghana ..................................................................... 10 2.2 Conceptual Description of Sustainability ............................................................................ 12 2.3 Project Sustainability........................................................................................................... 13 2.4 Sustainability in Water Supply System ............................................................................... 14 2.5 Conceptual Framework of the study ................................................................................... 18 2.6 Sustainability and Community Participation....................................................................... 19 2.7 Community Training ........................................................................................................... 23 CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 27 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 27 3.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 27 3.1 Study Area ........................................................................................................................... 27 3.1.1 Physical features ........................................................................................................... 28 3.1.2 Democratic background of Study Area .......................................................................