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... aw» May 11, 2020 English Language Arts packet pages Hey Sixth-Grade Families! Thanks for continuing to plug along with your packet work! The newest set of reading & writing includes 10 nonfiction articles all having to do with water. You'll learn all kinds of interesting information, from cruise ships to pirate ships, from marine biology to a garbage patch floating in the Pacific Ocean! After you're done reading each article, try your best to answer each question, chart, graph, etc. Hopefully these articles are all a worthwhile read for you and not too overwhelming. Please just try your best. This packet was designed to last two weeks, from May 11 through May 22°. Should you have any issues or questions about anything within this packet, please feel free to reach out to your teacher at the email address below. rf Best ofluck! Happy reading! Mr. Coll - [email protected] Mr. Brach - [email protected] Mrs. Orszulak - [email protected] (deomrtimecon &wiser -- Ancient Egypt - ··racket 4 .. - Mr. Coll & Mr. Brach- Ware Middle School- Grade Six Egyptian towns and cities were spread along the Nile River valley. The Nile made it possible for Egyptians living in distant places to come together. The Egyptians were expert boatbuilders. Think about how often you use paper each day. ll was the ancient Egyptians who developed a They built harbors and ports for large cargo boats. The Nile provided such good transportation material similar to paper. Imagine how much easier it was to communicate on this light-weight that there were few roads in ancient Egypt. Because goods moved easily along the Nile, trade material than on the clay tablets used by the Mesopotamians. was very profitable. Ancient Egypt and the Nile The ancient Egyptians used Nile mud to make pottery and bricks. They made a paper-like Main Idea: Since most of Egypt is covered by desert, the Nile River was central lo ancient material called papyrus from the papyrus plant. This tall plant grew in marshes and swamps Egyptian life. around the Nile. I fact, the English word paper comes from "papyrus.," It was easier to write on papyrus than on the bulky clay tablets the Mesopotamians used. Many of temples and other monumental structures of ancient Egypt still stand. Without the Nile River, however, they probably would never have been built. As the Greek historian Herodotus The Great Builders said approximately 2500 years ago, Egyptian civilization was "The gift of the Nile." Main Idea: Huge buildings in ancient Egypt were a reflection of their beliefs about the after-life. Desert covers most of Egypt. The sands spread for hundreds of miles to the west and the south, The Egyptians noticed that bodies buried in the sand on the edge of the desert resisted decay. It discouraging outsiders from invading. The Nile River, which runs through the desert, is may have affected their beliefs in an afterlife. The concept of an afterlife played a central role in sometimes called "the river in the sand, ancient Egyptian life and culture. It led Egyptians to build huge pyramids, as well as many other (The process to make papyrus was very complicated. The paper was so important that Egypt's temples and monuments. rulers closely guarded the secret of how to make it] Pyramids are easily recognizable by their shape. Four triangular sides on a rectangular base meet [ll look about seventy days to complete a full mummification process on a body. Egyptian at a single point. The Egyptians built pyramids for their kings, or pharaohs. Each pyramid is a embalmers removed the major organs and filled in the spaces with sawdust. They then let the palace where an Egyptian king planned to spend the afterlife. tissues dry before wrapping the body in linen bandages.] To build the pyramids, the Egyptians used large blocks of stone. A single pyramid might contain Key Vocabulary; 92 million cubic feet of stone, enough to fill a large sports stadium. The tips of pyramids were often capped with gold. Papyrus - noun, a paper-like material made from reeds. Building a pyramid was complicated. The pharaoh appointed a leader to organize the project. Pyramid- noun, a structure with four triangular sides that rise from a rectangular or square base The leader and his staff used hieroglyphics= a writing system that uses pictographs to stand for to meet al a point on the top. words or sounds= to make lists of the workers and supplies they needed for the project. Pharaoh - noun, a king of ancient Egypt. The Egyptians had no cutting tools or machines to get the stone they needed. Removing the stone Hieroglyphics= noun, a writing system in which pictures are used to represent words and and shaping it into blocks was very difficult work. The work was also dangerous. Every sounds. Egyptian family had to help with the project. They either worked as laborers or provided food for the workers. The River in the Sand The Pharaoh and the Gods The Nile's yearly floods deposited tons of silt in the river valley. The deposits made the soil black and fertile. Every year around October, the floodwaters began to retreat. Then the farmers Egyptians believed that the ruling pharaoh was the living son of Re, the sun god. The pharaoh planted their seeds. They harvested their crops during the months the Nile was al its lowest was also linked with Horus, another sun god. The pharaoh was not only ancient Egypt's chief levels. The Egyptians knew the Nile would flood each year. But they could not predict how judge and commander in chief, he was also the chief religious figure. His religious example much it would flood or how high the water would rise. In years with very low floods, there might guided the common people in their daily lives and in their preparations for the afterlife. not be enough food. In years with very high floods, the waters would destroy fields and homes. Temples were everywhere in ancient Egypt. Some were dedicated to major gods, like Re. Others The ancient Egyptians found ways to manage the unpredictable river. They built canals to carry were dedicated to local gods. Pharaohs had temples built in their honor so that people could water from the Nile to the parts of the land the flooding did not reach. They strengthened the worship them. riverbanks to keep the river from overflowing. Ordinary citizens did not gather for prayer in temples. Only priests carried out the temple rituals. Smaller buildings stood outside the temple grounds where common people could pray or leave offerings to the gods. Many private homes also contained small shrines where family members worshiped their gods and honored the spirits of dead family members. Preparing for the Afterlife Average Egyptians were not buried in pyramids. They made careful preparations for the afterlife, however. Family members were responsible for burying their dead relatives and for tending to their spirits. Egyptians believed they could help the dead person live comfortably in the afterlife. They prevented bodies from decaying by treating the bodies with preservatives, or mummifying them. The Egyptians filled tombs with items for the dead to use in the afterlife, and they decorated the tombs with art. They also made regular offerings to honor the dead. Lesson Summary In response to the unpredictable flooding of the Nile River, ancient Egyptians built canals and strengthened riverbanks. The Nile made transportation easy and supported rich trade. The Nile River not only provided rich farmland, but mud for pottery and bricks. The papyrus plant that grew near the Nile was used to make papyrus, on which the Egyptians could write. Religion was central to the lives of ancient Egyptians, and they spent much time in preparation for the afterlife. The Egyptians built pyramids as a place for pharaohs to spend the afterlife. Lesson Review Questions: Write a paragraph telling why ancient Egyptians built pyramids for the pharaohs. What fact supports the conclusion that ancient Egyptians might want to live near the Nile River? Why did the Egyptians build pyramids? How did hieroglyphics help Egyptian builders? Why was the pharaoh so important to the Egyptians? Why is the Nile River sometimes called "the river in the sand"? How did a belief in the afterlife affect the culture of the ancient Egyptians? ,I' •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Name: -------- What floats Your Boat JD (· Understanding Key Ideas and Details UDE What do feathers, apples, and paddleboards have in ~······························································································································· common? They all float! The forces that keep these common What is this article mostly about? objects from sinking in water are the same forces that keep giant ships afloat in the ocean. Why do boats float? When an object is placed in water, two forces act on it. First is gravity. Gravity is a downward force that relates to the weight of an object. The second is buoyancy. Buoyancy ( Key Vocabulary is the upward force caused by the weight of ~······························································································································· the water the object sits on. What is the meaning of afloat? What clues support your inference? An ancient Greek scientist named Archimedes, said that when an object is placed in water, it pushes enough water out of the way to =fl@ll~m ake room for itself. This is called displacement. If ~ you have ever sat in a bathtub, you have probably ( Multiple Choio noticed that the water level rises when you climb in. You displace ~······························································································································· water out of the way as you climb in. How does the author support the idea that boats float? a. by explaining how gravity and buoyancy affect objects in water Water Displacement b.

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