Propionic Acid
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Effect of Propionic Acid on Fatty Acid Oxidation and U Reagenesis
Pediat. Res. 10: 683- 686 (1976) Fatty degeneration propionic acid hyperammonemia propionic acidemia liver ureagenesls Effect of Propionic Acid on Fatty Acid Oxidation and U reagenesis ALLEN M. GLASGOW(23) AND H. PET ER C HASE UniversilY of Colorado Medical Celller, B. F. SlOlillsky LaboralOries , Denver, Colorado, USA Extract phosphate-buffered salin e, harvested with a brief treatment wi th tryps in- EDTA, washed twice with ph os ph ate-buffered saline, and Propionic acid significantly inhibited "CO z production from then suspended in ph os ph ate-buffe red saline (145 m M N a, 4.15 [I-"ejpalmitate at a concentration of 10 11 M in control fibroblasts m M K, 140 m M c/, 9.36 m M PO" pH 7.4) . I n mos t cases the cells and 100 11M in methyl malonic fibroblasts. This inhibition was we re incubated in 3 ml phosph ate-bu ffered sa lin e cont aining 0.5 similar to that produced by 4-pentenoic acid. Methylmalonic acid I1Ci ll-I4Cj palm it ate (19), final concentration approximately 3 11M also inhibited ' 'C0 2 production from [V 'ejpalmitate, but only at a added in 10 II I hexane. Increasing the amount of hexane to 100 II I concentration of I mM in control cells and 5 mM in methyl malonic did not impair palmit ate ox id ation. In two experiments (Fig. 3) the cells. fibroblasts were in cub ated in 3 ml calcium-free Krebs-Ringer Propionic acid (5 mM) also inhibited ureagenesis in rat liver phosphate buffer (2) co nt ain in g 5 g/ 100 ml essent iall y fatty ac id slices when ammonia was the substrate but not with aspartate and free bovine se rum albumin (20), I mM pa lm itate, and the same citrulline as substrates. -
EPA Method 8315A (SW-846): Determination of Carbonyl Compounds by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
METHOD 8315A DETERMINATION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC) 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1.1 This method provides procedures for the determination of free carbonyl compounds in various matrices by derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The method utilizes high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) detection to identify and quantitate the target analytes. This method includes two procedures encompassing all aspects of the analysis (extraction to determination of concentration). Procedure 1 is appropriate for the analysis of aqueous, soil and waste samples and stack samples collected by Method 0011. Procedure 2 is appropriate for the analysis of indoor air samples collected by Method 0100. The list of target analytes differs by procedure. The appropriate procedure for each target analyte is listed in the table below. Compound CAS No. a Proc. 1b Proc. 2 b Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 X X Acetone 67-64-1 X Acrolein 107-02-8 X Benzaldehyde 100-52-7 X Butanal (Butyraldehyde) 123-72-8 X X Crotonaldehyde 123-73-9 X X Cyclohexanone 108-94-1 X Decanal 112-31-2 X 2,5-Dimethylbenzaldehyde 5779-94-2 X Formaldehyde 50-00-0 X X Heptanal 111-71-7 X Hexanal (Hexaldehyde) 66-25-1 X X Isovaleraldehyde 590-86-3 X Nonanal 124-19-6 X Octanal 124-13-0 X Pentanal (Valeraldehyde) 110-62-3 X X Propanal (Propionaldehyde) 123-38-6 X X m-Tolualdehyde 620-23-5 X X o-Tolualdehyde 529-20-4 X p-Tolualdehyde 104-87-0 X a Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number. -
Toxicological Profile for Formaldehyde
TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR FORMALDEHYDE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry July 1999 FORMALDEHYDE ii DISCLAIMER The use of company or product name(s) is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. FORMALDEHYDE iii UPDATE STATEMENT Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary, but no less than once every three years. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact ATSDR at: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29 Atlanta, Georgia 30333 FORMALDEHYDE vii QUICK REFERENCE FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS Toxicological Profiles are a unique compilation of toxicological information on a given hazardous substance. Each profile reflects a comprehensive and extensive evaluation, summary, and interpretation of available toxicologic and epidemiologic information on a substance. Health care providers treating patients potentially exposed to hazardous substances will find the following information helpful for fast answers to often-asked questions. Primary Chapters/Sections of Interest Chapter 1: Public Health Statement: The Public Health Statement can be a useful tool for educating patients about possible exposure to a hazardous substance. It explains a substance’s relevant toxicologic properties in a nontechnical, question-and-answer format, and it includes a review of the general health effects observed following exposure. Chapter 2: Health Effects: Specific health effects of a given hazardous compound are reported by route of exposure, by type of health effect (death, systemic, immunologic, reproductive), and by length of exposure (acute, intermediate, and chronic). -
Influence of Impurities in a Methanol Solvent on the Epoxidation of Propylene with Hydrogen Peroxide Over Titanium Silicalite‐1
Supplementary Materials Influence of Impurities in a Methanol Solvent on the Epoxidation of Propylene with Hydrogen Peroxide over Titanium Silicalite‐1 Gang Wang, Yue Li, Quanren Zhu, Gang Li, Chao Zhang, and Hongchen Guo* State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China; [email protected] (G.W.); [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (Q.Z.); [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (C.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +86‐411‐84986120 Received: 23 November 2019; Accepted: 18 December 2019; Published: date Table S1. Influence of fusel alcohol content on the product distribution and turnover numbers in epoxidation of propylene with H2O2a Conten Selectivity, % Impurity TONb t, wt.% 1M2Pc 2M1Pc PGc DGMEc PGMEc AAc PAc ATc noned 0.00 314.5 0.50 0.52 0.17 0.08 0.00 0.23 0.06 0.00 ethanol 1.00 296.8 0.48 0.46 0.17 0.06 0.01 0.22 0.06 0.00 1.50 286.8 0.45 0.45 0.15 0.05 0.02 0.26 0.06 0.01 2.00 282.9 0.38 0.42 0.14 0.04 0.02 0.28 0.07 0.01 2.50 267.9 0.38 0.41 0.14 0.03 0.03 0.29 0.07 0.01 2‐propanol 0.50 296.8 0.45 0.49 0.17 0.06 0.00 0.21 0.07 0.03 0.75 286.8 0.43 0.47 0.15 0.06 0.00 0.22 0.07 0.05 1.00 282.9 0.41 0.47 0.15 0.04 0.00 0.25 0.08 0.07 1.25 267.9 0.37 0.38 0.14 0.03 0.00 0.26 0.09 0.08 1‐propanol 0.50 297.7 0.51 0.55 0.18 0.06 0.00 0.21 0.11 0.00 0.75 289.0 0.45 0.49 0.18 0.05 0.00 0.22 0.11 0.00 1.00 282.5 0.44 0.49 0.17 0.05 0.00 0.24 0.14 0.01 1.25 266.0 0.43 0.48 0.16 0.05 0.00 0.26 0.14 0.01 Note: a Reaction conditions: pre‐adsorbed TS‐1 powder 0.4 g, fresh methanol or simulated methanol solvents containing ethanol, 2‐propanol and 1‐propanol 35.5 mL, H2O2 (50 wt.%) 4.5 mL, NH3∙H2O (0.32 mol/L) 0.2 mL, propylene pressure 0.6 MPa, 50 ℃, 1 h. -
Propionaldehyde Pad
PROPIONALDEHYDE PAD CAUTIONARY RESPONSE INFORMATION 4. FIRE HAZARDS 7. SHIPPING INFORMATION 4.1 Flash Point: 7.1 Grades of Purity: 97-99+% Common Synonyms Liquid Colorless Suffocating, –22°F O.C. 7.2 Storage Temperature: Ambient Methyl acetaldehyde unpleasant odor 4.2 Flammable Limits in Air: 2.6%-16.1% Propanal 7.3 Inert Atmosphere: No requirement 4.3 Fire Extinguishing Agents: Carbon Propionic aldehyde 7.4 Venting: Open (flame arrester) or pressure- dioxide or dry chemical for small fires, Propyl aldehyde Floats and mixes slowly with water. Flammable, irritating vapor is vacuum Propylic aldehyde produced. alcohol-type foam for large fires. 4.4 Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be 7.5 IMO Pollution Category: C Used: Water may be ineffective. 7.6 Ship Type: 3 Keep people away. Avoid contact with liquid and vapor. Wear goggles, self-contained breathing apparatus, and rubber overclothing 4.5 Special Hazards of Combustion 7.7 Barge Hull Type: Currently not available (including gloves). Products: Not pertinent Shut off ignition sources and call fire department. 4.6 Behavior in Fire: Vapor is heavier than 8. HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS Stay upwind and use water spray to ``knock down'' vapor. air and may travel considerable distance Notify local health and pollution control agencies. to a source of ignition and flash back. 8.1 49 CFR Category: Flammable liquid Protect water intakes. 4.7 Auto Ignition Temperature: 405°F 8.2 49 CFR Class: 3 4.8 Electrical Hazards: Not pertinent 8.3 49 CFR Package Group: II FLAMMABLE. Fire Flashback along vapor trail may occur. 4.9 Burning Rate: 4.4 mm/min. -
Lowtemperature Chemoselective Goldsurfacemediated
DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200311 Low-Temperature Chemoselective Gold-Surface-Mediated Hydrogenation of Acetone and Propionaldehyde Ming Pan,[a] Zachary D. Pozun,[b] Adrian J. Brush,[a] Graeme Henkelman,[b] and C. Buddie Mullins*[a] Since nanoscale gold was first discovered to be catalytically First, the hydrogenation of acetone was investigated on active,[1] gold-based catalysts have been studied both theoreti- a Au(111) surface. In a control experiment (Figure 1a), 1.62 ML cally[2] and experimentally[3] in a wide range of reactions.[4] (ML= monolayer) of acetone (m/z=43, the most-abundant These catalysts exhibit high activity for hydrogenation process- mass fragment of acetone) was adsorbed onto a clean Au(111) es,[5] in particular showing enhanced selectivity.[6] However, there is a lack of relevant fundamental studies into these pro- cesses. Conducting hydrogenation reactions on model gold surfaces is useful for obtaining mechanistic insight and for fur- ther enhancing our understanding of the catalytic properties of supported-gold catalysts. Herein, we report the chemoselec- tive hydrogenation of aldehydes over ketones on gold surfaces. The hydrogenation chemistry of oxygenated hydrocarbons has been studied on transition-metal surfaces for a variety of reactions that are important to the pharmaceutical- and chemi- cal industries.[7] For example, C=O bond hydrogenation is a key step in the catalytic conversion of cellulosic biomass.[8] In addi- tion, gold-based catalysts have also shown exceptional activity for the selective hydrogenation of a,b-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.[9] Claus found that, in the production of allyl alco- hol from the hydrogenation of acrolein, gold catalysts yielded about 10-times-higher selectivity for C=O bond hydrogenation than traditional platinum-based catalysts.[10] Therefore, explor- ing the individual reactivity of carbonyl-hydrogenation could provide useful information for a better holistic understanding of these important catalytic reactions. -
Kinetics of Oxidation of Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Propionaldehyde & Butyraldehyde by Ditelluratocuprate(III) in Alkaline Medium
r Jndlan Journal of Chemistry Vol. 17A, January 1979,pp. 48·51 Kinetics of Oxidation of Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Propionaldehyde & Butyraldehyde by Ditelluratocuprate(III) in Alkaline Medium C. P. MURTHY, B. SETHURAM & T. NAVANEETH RAO· Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007 Received 8 June 1978; accepted 25 July 1978 Kinetics of oxidation oJ formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, proplonaldehyde and n-butyraldehyde by potasstum ditelluratocuprate(III) has been studied in alkaline medium spectrophoto- :metrically. The order in [aldeh;de] and [Cu(III)) are found to be one each and rates decreased with increase in [tellurate] and increase in [OH-]. There is no effect of addition of salts like Na, SO. and KNOa• The products of oxidation are identified as corresponding carboxylic acids. Under the experimental conditions the :monotelluratocuprate(III) species is assu:med as the active species. The ther:modynamic para:meters are also reported and a plausible mechanism has been suggested. SE of Cu(III) as an oxidizing agent is well corrections made for any self-decomposition of known in analytical chemistry in the estimation Cu (III) during the reaction. U of sugars-, glycerols-, amino acids", proteinss, carboxylic acids", carbonyl compounds" and alcohols? Results The presence of Cu(III) as intermediate was also Under the conditions [Cu(III)] ~ [aldehyde] the reported in some Cu(II)-catalysed oxidation reactions plots of log (absorbance) versus time were linear by peroxydisulphate" and vanadium (V)9. The kine- (Fig. lA), indicating the order in [Cu(III)J to be tics of decomposition and formation of Cu(III) unity. From the slopes of the above plots the diperiodate and ditellurate complexes were also pseudo-first order rate constants (k') were evaluated. -
On the Protective Effect of Omega-3 Against Propionic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rat Pups Afaf K El-Ansary*, Sooad K Al-Daihan and Amina R El-Gezeery
El-Ansary et al. Lipids in Health and Disease 2011, 10:142 http://www.lipidworld.com/content/10/1/142 RESEARCH Open Access On the protective effect of omega-3 against propionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rat pups Afaf K El-Ansary*, Sooad K Al-Daihan and Amina R El-Gezeery Abstract Backgrounds: The investigation of the environmental contribution for developmental neurotoxicity is very important. Many environmental chemical exposures are now thought to contribute to the development of neurological disorders, especially in children. Results from animal studies may guide investigations of human populations toward identifying environmental contaminants and drugs that produce or protect from neurotoxicity and may help in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. Objective: To study the protective effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on brain intoxication induced by propionic acid (PPA) in rats. Methods: 24 young male Western Albino rats were enrolled in the present study. They were grouped into three equal groups; oral buffered PPA-treated group given a nuerotoxic dose of 250 mg/Kg body weight/day for 3 days; omega-3 - protected group given a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight/day omega-3 orally daily for 5 days followed by PPA for 3 days, and a third group as control given only phosphate buffered saline. Tumor necrosis factor-a, caspase-3, interlukin-6, gamma amino-buteric acid (GABA), serotonin, dopamine and phospholipids were then assayed in the rats brain’s tissue of different groups. Results: The obtained data showed that PPA caused multiple signs of brain toxicity as measured by depletion of gamaaminobyteric acid (GABA), serotonin (5HT) and dopamine (DA) as three important neurotransmitters that reflect brain function. -
Chemical Compatibility Chart X
Chemical Compatibility Chart Below is a chart adapted from the CRC Laboratory Handbook, which groups various chemicals in to 23 groups with examples and incompatible chemical groups. This chart is by no means complete but it will aid in making decisions about storage. For more complete information please refer to the MSDS for the specific chemical. Examples of each group can be found on the next pages. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Monomers Polymerizable Esters Alcohols, Glycols, Glycol Ether Amines and Alkanolamines Halogenated Compounds Aldehydes Acetaldehyde Saturated Hydrocar Aromatic Hydrocarbons Acid Anhydrides Alkylene Oxides Inorganic Acids Petrolium Oils Organic Acids Cyanohydrins Phosphorus Ammonia Group Halogens Ketones Caustics Phenols Nitriles Olefins Ethers Number/Chemical Esters Type bons Inorganic 1 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Acids 2 Organic Acids x x x x x x x x x x 3 Caustics x x x x x x x x x x x x x Amines and 4 x x x x x x x x x x x x Alkanolamines Halogenated 5 x x x x x x Compounds Alcohols, 6 Glycols, Glycol x x x x x x Ether Aldehydes 7 x x x x x x x x x x x x Acetaldehyde 8 Ketones x x x x x x Saturated 9 x Hydrocarbons Aromatic 10 x x Hydrocarbons 11 Olefins x x x 12 Petrolium Oils x 13 Esters x x x x x Monomers 14 Polymerizable x x x x x x x x x x x x Esters 15 Phenols x x x x x x x Alkylene 16 x x x x x x x x x x x x Oxides 17 Cyanohydrins x x x x x x x x x 18 Nitriles x x x x x x 19 Ammonia x x x x x x x x x x x 20 Halogens x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 21 Ethers x x x 22 Phosphorus x x x x Acid 23 x x x x x x x x x x Anhydrides X - Indicates chemicals that are incompatible and should not be stored together. -
Propionaldehyde
SIGMA-ALDRICH sigma-aldrich.com Material Safety Data Sheet Version 4.4 Revision Date 10/23/2013 Print Date 02/05/2014 1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Product name : Propionaldehyde Product Number : W292303 Brand : Aldrich Supplier : Sigma-Aldrich 3050 Spruce Street SAINT LOUIS MO 63103 USA Telephone : +1 800-325-5832 Fax : +1 800-325-5052 Emergency Phone # (For : (314) 776-6555 both supplier and manufacturer) Preparation Information : Sigma-Aldrich Corporation Product Safety - Americas Region 1-800-521-8956 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Emergency Overview OSHA Hazards Flammable liquid, Target Organ Effect, Harmful by ingestion., Irritant Target Organs Liver Other hazards which do not result in classification Stench. GHS Classification Flammable liquids (Category 2) Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4) Acute toxicity, Inhalation (Category 4) Acute toxicity, Dermal (Category 5) Skin irritation (Category 2) Serious eye damage (Category 1) Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure (Category 3), Respiratory system Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 3) GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements Pictogram Signal word Danger Hazard statement(s) H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapour. H302 + H332 Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled H313 May be harmful in contact with skin. H315 Causes skin irritation. H318 Causes serious eye damage. H335 May cause respiratory irritation. H402 Harmful to aquatic life. Aldrich - W292303 Page 1 of 7 Precautionary statement(s) P210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking. P261 Avoid breathing dust/ fume/ gas/ mist/ vapours/ spray. P280 Wear protective gloves/ eye protection/ face protection. P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. -
Methods of Extraction, Refining and Concentration of Fish Oil As a Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Corpoica Cienc Tecnol Agropecuaria, Mosquera (Colombia), 19(3):645-668 september - december / 2018 ISSN 0122-8706 ISSNe 2500-5308 645 Transformation and agro-industry Review article Methods of extraction, refining and concentration of fish oil as a source of omega-3 fatty acids Métodos de extracción, refinación y concentración de aceite de pescado como fuente de ácidos grasos omega 3 Jeimmy Rocío Bonilla-Méndez,1* José Luis Hoyos-Concha2 1 Researcher, Universidad del Cauca, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Popayán, Colombia. Email: [email protected]. orcid.org/0000-0001-5362-5950 2 Lecturer, Universidad del Cauca, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Popayán, Colombia. Email: [email protected]. orcid.org/0000-0001-9025-9734 Editor temático: Miguel Ángel Rincón Cervera (Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos [INTA]) Date of receipt: 05/07/2017 Date of approval: 15/03/2018 How to cite this article: Bonilla-Méndez, J. R., & Hoyos-Concha, J. L. (2018). Methods of extraction, refining and concentration of fish oil as a source of omega-3 fatty acids. Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria, 19(3), 645-668. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol19_num2_art:684 This license allows distributing, remixing, retouching, and creating from the work in a non-commercial manner, as long as credit is given and their new creations are licensed under the same conditions. * Corresponding author. Universidad del Cauca, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Vereda Las Guacas, Popayán, Colombia. 2018 Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Corpoica Cienc Tecnol Agropecuaria, Mosquera (Colombia), 19(3):645-668 september - december / 2018 ISSN 0122-8706 ISSNe 2500-5308 Abstract Fish oil is an industrial product of high nutritional methods, there are new technologies with potential value because of its Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty to be applied on fish oil. -
Formic Acid Acetic Acid Propionic Acid Butyric Acid Valeric Acid Caproic
Organic Acids: Formic acid Citric acid Acetic acid Malic acid Propionic acid Benzoic acid Butyric acid Tartaric acid Valeric acid Caproic acid Oxalic acid Lactic acid Organic Bases: Pyridine Imidazole (solid) Benzimidazole Aniline TEA (tri-ethyl amine) Histidine Nitroaniline Imidazole (dissolved) Amino bases/ Nucleotides ממסים אורגניים (מכילים קשר פחמן-מימן): :(Organic Solvents (contains carbon-hydrogen bond Xylene DMF Hexane Parafine oil Ethylacetate Formamide IPA Piperidine Trizol/Trireagent Butanol SDS (solid) Acetone PMSF (Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride) Methanol Tween PFA RNA / DNA (kit parts that contains thioisocyanate) Toluene BME (beta mercaptoethanol) DMSO Ethylenglycol Ethanol Halogenated Organic Solvents (contains F, Cl, Br, I): ממסים אורגניים הלוגניים (מכילים F, Cl, Br, I) Chloroform (CHCl3) Methylene chloride Vinyl chloride Tetrafluoroethylene (CF2 =CF2) Trichloroethylene (CHCl=CCl2) Bromoethane Tert-Butyl bromide חומרים אנאורגניים (חומרים שהם לא חומצה/בסיס אנאורגני) Inorganic Materials (are not inorganic acid/base) LiCl Salts (such as MgCl2, CaCl) Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) Metals (Cu, Pb, Na etc.) Ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) Sodium Azide (NaN3) Ammonium azide (NH4N3) בסיסים אנאורגניים :Inorganic Bases NH3 NaOH NH4OH Ba(OH)2 NaOH (dissolved) Ca(OH)2 KOH (dissolved) CaCO3 KOH חומצות אנאורגניות: :Inorganic Acids Boric acid (H3BO3) Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Hydrofluoric acid (HF) Nitric acid (HNO3) Hydrobromic acid (HBr) Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) Perchloric acid (HClO4) Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) Hydroiodic acid (HI) Cytotoxic materials: