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Universidad Nacional Del Altiplano De Puno Facultad De Ciencias Biologicas Escuela Profesional De Biología

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Universidad Nacional Del Altiplano De Puno Facultad De Ciencias Biologicas Escuela Profesional De Biología UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL ALTIPLANO DE PUNO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE BIOLOGÍA CRECIMIENTO Y MORTALIDAD DE POST LARVAS DE Odontesthes bonariensis “PEJERREY” ALIMENTADOS CON ORGANISMOS VIVOS EN SISTEMA CONTROLADO. TESIS PRESENTADO POR: Bach. EDY WINDER PILCO LUJANO PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE: LICENCIADO EN BIOLOGÍA PUNO – PERÚ 2020 DEDICATORIA Con profundo amor para mis padres Sergio y Sabina, por su incansable e inagotable trabajo para sacarnos adelante y a mis hermanos Betty y Miguel a quienes les debo todo cuanto he logrado, mi deuda con ustedes es eterna, gracias. A mi familia, quien fue el mayor reto de mi vida y la más grande bendición, en ellos encontré más humanidad de la que muchas personas poseen. A mi esposa Vicky por darme su apoyo, compresión, paciencia y por estar ahí en las buenas y en las malas. Gracias por tu apoyo. A mi hijo e hija Juaquin Caleb y Kory Valeria, Gracias hijos por iluminarme con su presencia, por darme fuerzas en la vida y por enseñarme a disfrutar la vida minuto a minuto. Es indescriptible cómo alguien con tan pocos años... puede hacer sentir algo tan gigantesco. Los amo mucho y deseo que en la vida sean exitosos, sabios y prudentes. AGRADECIMIENTOS Mi más grande agradecimiento a mi director de Tesis Blgo. HEMINIO RENE ALFARO TAPIA, quien con su dirección, experiencia, conocimiento y motivación me acompañaron durante el desarrollo del presente trabajo de investigación. A la Empresa ACUARIO ORANDA, Puno por permitirme desarrollar el presente trabajo de investigación en sus instalaciones y acuarios experimentales. Al Sr. Joshelin Zavaleta Lujan gerente producción de Acuarios Oranda, por ser mi mentor y darme la oportunidad de pertenecer a su grupo de trabajo y por inculcarme ética, honestidad y responsabilidad. A mis miembros de jurado a D. Sc. BELISARIO MANTILLLA MENDOZA, Ing. M. Sc. JOSÉ DAVID VELEZVIA DÍAZ y al Ing. M. Sc. EDWIN FEDERICO ORNA RIVAS, por sus aportes oportunos en aras de mejorar el presente trabajo de investigación. INDICE GENERAL DEDICATORIA AGRADECIMIENTOS ÍNDICE GENERAL ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS ÍNDICE DE TABLAS ÍNDICE DE ACRÓNIMOS RESUMEN ...................................................................................................................... 9 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 10 CAPITULO I INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1. Objetivo General ...................................................................................................... 12 1.2. Objetivos Específicos .............................................................................................. 12 CAPITULO II REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA 2.1. Antecedentes ........................................................................................................ 13 2.2. Marco Teórico ...................................................................................................... 15 2.2.1. Pejerrey del lago Titicaca ............................................................................... 15 2.2.2. Descripción de Odontesthes bonariensis ....................................................... 16 2.2.3. Clasificación taxonómica de Odontesthes bonariensis ................................. 17 2.2.4. Alimentación de Odontesthes bonariensis en ambientes naturales ............... 18 2.2.5. Características del recurso hídrico ................................................................. 21 2.2.6. Descripción de Artemia salina ...................................................................... 24 CAPITULO III MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS 3.1. Área de Estudio ................................................................................................ 27 3.2. Área de investigación ....................................................................................... 27 3.3. Población .......................................................................................................... 27 3.4. Tamaño de muestra .......................................................................................... 28 3.4.1. Recolección de muestra ................................................................................. 28 3.4.2. Transporte para su biometría ......................................................................... 29 3.5. Método de análisis ............................................................................................ 29 3.5.1. Evaluación del crecimiento de Odontesthes bonariensis “pejerrey”, alimentados con infusorios, Artemia salina, alimento natural en etapa post larval, en un sistema controlado. ............................................................ 29 3.5.2 Evaluación de la mortalidad del Odontesthes bonariensis (pejerrey) alimentados con infusorios, Artemia salina y alimento natural, en etapa post larval .............................................................................................. 34 CAPITULO IV RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN 4.1. Crecimiento de Odontesthes bonariensis, (pejerrey) alimentados con infusorios, Artemia salina y alimento natural, en etapa post larval; en un sistema controlado. ............................................................................................................. 36 4.2. Mortalidad del Odontesthes bonariensis “pejerrey” alimentados con infusorios, artemia salina y alimento natural, en etapa post larval. ......................................... 41 V. CONCLUSIONES .................................................................................................... 43 VI. RECOMENDACIONES ....................................................................................... 44 VII. REFERENCIAS ..................................................................................................... 45 ANEXOS ........................................................................................................................ 50 ÁREA : Ciencias Biomédicas LÍNEA: Acuicultura FECHA DE SUSTENTACIÓN: 15 de enero del 2020 INDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 1 Pejerrey del lago, extraído de SIB, Parques Nacionales, Argentina (valenciennes, 1835) ........................................................................................ 17 Figura 2 Localización del centro de Acuariofilia, Distrito Puno, Provincia, Puno, Región Puno, diciembre 2019. ......................................................................... 27 Figura 3 Diferencias de las tallas promedio de las especies de pejerrey Odontesthes bonaerensis, alimentados con infusorios, Artemia salina y alimento natural, Puno agosto 2018 a enero del 2019. .................................................... 36 Figura 4 Diferencias de los pesos promedio de las especies de pejerrey Odonthestes bonaerensis, alimentados con infusorios, Artemia salina y alimento natural, Puno agosto 2018 a enero del 2019. .................................................... 40 Figura 5 Instalación de los acuarios para el cultivo de pejerrey Odonthestes bonaerensis, alimentados con infusorios, Artemia salina y alimento natural. Puno, agosto 2018 a enero del 2019. ................................................................ 50 Figura 6 Equipo multiparámetro para el registro de los parámetros físico químicos, en el cultivo de pejerrey Odonthestes bonaerensis, Puno, agosto 2018 a enero del 2019. ................................................................................................. 50 Figura 7 Alimento enlatado Artemia salina para el cultivo de pejerrey Odonthestes bonaerensis, Puno, agosto 2018 a enero del 2019. ........................................... 51 Figura 8 Monitoreo de parámetros físico químicos del agua en el cultivo de pejerrey Odonthestes bonaerensis, Puno, agosto 2018 a enero del 2019. ...................... 51 Figura 9 Limpieza los filtros y mantenimiento de los acuarios en el cultivo de pejerrey Odonthestes bonaerensis, Puno, agosto 2018 a enero del 2019. ........ 52 Figura 10 Alimentación de pejerrey Odonthestes bonaerensis con alimento natural Puno, agosto 2018 a enero del 2019. .............................................................. 52 Figura 11 Extrayendo muestras para biometría del pejerrey Odonthestes bonaerensis, Puno, agosto 2018 a enero del 2019. ........................................ 53 Figura 12 Alimentación de pejerrey Odonthestes bonaerensis con Artemia salina, Puno, agosto 2018 a enero del 2019. .............................................................. 53 Figura 13 Vista de Artemia salina en acuarios para la alimentación de pejerrey Odonthestes bonaerensis, Puno, agosto 2018 a enero del 2019..................... 54 INDICE DE TABLAS Tabla 1. Alimentación de los pejerreyes de tamaño pequeño o mediano: porcentajes en volumen de las principales presas en función del tamaño del depredador según (Wurtsbaugh et al.1974) ......................................................................... 19 Tabla 2. Características Físico – Químicas Básicas del agua para cultivo del pejerrey (PETT, 2017). ................................................................................................... 22 Tabla 3. Preferencia alimentaria del pejerrey en jaulas flotantes (Modificada de Reartes, 1987) ................................................................................................................. 23 Tabla 4. Tabla de Crecimiento del pejerrey (PETT 2017). ............................................ 24 Tabla 5. Información de los tratamientos usados en el cultivo de pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis, Puno agosto 2018 a enero 2019. .................................................
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