Biological Control Is the Million Natural Enemies of Many Kinds Citrophilus Mealybug Campaign in Cali- Are Released Each Year by the University Fornia
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Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests
Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract 90/399003 Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests Aonidiella citrina IDENTITY Name: Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett) Synonyms: Aspidiotus citrinus Coquillett Chrysomphalus aurantii citrinus (Coquillett) Taxonomic position: Insecta: Hemiptera: Homoptera: Diaspididae Common names: Yellow scale (English) Cochenille jaune (French) Escama amarilla de los cítricos (Spanish) Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature: The original description by Coquillett is inadequate and simply refers to 'the yellow scale' on orange (Nel, 1933). A. citrina is morphologically very similar to the Californian red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), and was considered to be a variety until Nel (1933) raised it to specific level based on a comparative study of their ecology, biology and morphology. Bayer computer code: AONDCI EU Annex designation: II/A1 HOSTS A. citrina is polyphagous attacking plant species belonging to more than 50 genera in 32 families. The main hosts of economic importance are Citrus spp., especially oranges (C. sinensis), but the insect is also recorded incidentally on a wide range of ornamentals and some fruit crops including Acacia, bananas (Musa paradisiaca), Camellia including tea (C. sinensis), Clematis, Cucurbitaceae, Eucalyptus, Euonymus, guavas (Psidium guajava), Hedera helix, Jasminum, Ficus, Ligustrum, Magnolia, mangoes (Mangifera indica), Myrica, olives (Olea europea), peaches (Prunus persica), poplars (Populus), Rosa, Schefflera actinophylla, Strelitzia reginae, Viburnum and Yucca. The main potential hosts in the EPPO region are Citrus spp. growing in the southern part of the region, around the Mediterranean. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION A. citrina originated in Asia and has spread to various tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. The precise distribution of A. -
Biological Control of St John's Wort Using Chrysolina Leaf Beetles (DSE
June 1999 Biological control of St John's wort LC0152 with the chrysolina leaf beetles ISSN 1329-833X Keith Turnbull Research Institute (Frankston) Common and scientific names Pupae - in globular cells in the soil at up to 5 cm depth. St John’s wort leaf beetles Life cycle Chrysolina hyperici (Förster) Females lay eggs on the undersides of leaves or leaf buds Chrysolina quadrigemina (Suffrian) in autumn. C. quadrigemina larvae emerge after about 3 Background weeks and overwinter as larvae. C. hyperici overwinters in the egg stage. Larvae consume the young leaves and buds St John’s wort, Hypericum perforatum, was introduced in of procumbent autumn and winter growth. Larger larvae the Ovens Valley of Victoria as a medicinal plant in the leave the plant during the day and return to feed at night. 1860s. It spread rapidly and was well established by the When mature, they pupate in the soil at a depth of a few early 1900s. It is a serious weed of improved pastures, centimetres. The pupal stage lasts 2 to 3 weeks and adults roadsides and neglected areas in north east Victoria and is emerge in the spring. Adult beetles defoliate the erect an increasing problem in dry forests and woodlands. In spring plants and enter a resting stage (aestivation or natural areas it is a serious environmental weed which can diapause) under the bark of trees during summer. out-compete other ground storey plants. St John’s wort is a Regionally Prohibited Weed in the Corangamite and Port Phillip West Catchment and Land Protection Regions, and a Regionally Controlled Weed in all other areas of Victoria except Mallee CaLP Region. -
Data on Cerambycidae and Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) from Bucureªti and Surroundings
Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle © Novembre Vol. LI pp. 387–416 «Grigore Antipa» 2008 DATA ON CERAMBYCIDAE AND CHRYSOMELIDAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELOIDEA) FROM BUCUREªTI AND SURROUNDINGS RODICA SERAFIM, SANDA MAICAN Abstract. The paper presents a synthesis of the data refering to the presence of cerambycids and chrysomelids species of Bucharest and its surroundings, basing on bibliographical sources and the study of the collection material. A number of 365 species of superfamily Chrysomeloidea (140 cerambycids and 225 chrysomelids species), belonging to 125 genera of 16 subfamilies are listed. The species Chlorophorus herbstii, Clytus lama, Cortodera femorata, Phytoecia caerulea, Lema cyanella, Chrysolina varians, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllotreta undulata, Cassida prasina and Cassida vittata are reported for the first time in this area. Résumé. Ce travail présente une synthèse des données concernant la présence des espèces de cerambycides et de chrysomelides de Bucarest et de ses environs, la base en étant les sources bibliographiques ainsi que l’étude du matériel existant dans les collections du musée. La liste comprend 365 espèces appartenant à la supra-famille des Chrysomeloidea (140 espèces de cerambycides et 225 espèces de chrysomelides), encadrées en 125 genres et 16 sous-familles. Les espèces Chlorophorus herbstii, Clytus lama, Cortodera femorata, Phytoecia caerulea, Lema cyanella, Chrysolina varians, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllotreta undulata, Cassida prasina et Cassida vittata sont mentionnées pour la première fois dans cette zone Key words: Coleoptera, Chrysomeloidea, Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Bucureºti (Bucharest) and surrounding areas. INTRODUCTION Data on the distribution of the cerambycids and chrysomelids species in Bucureºti (Bucharest) and the surrounding areas were published beginning with the end of the 19th century by: Jaquet (1898 a, b, 1899 a, b, 1900 a, b, 1901, 1902), Montandon (1880, 1906, 1908), Hurmuzachi (1901, 1902, 1904), Fleck (1905 a, b), Manolache (1930), Panin (1941, 1944), Eliescu et al. -
St. John's-Wort
A Guide to Weeds in British Columbia ST. JOHN’S-WORT DISTRIBUTION Hypericum perforatum L. Family: Clusiaceae (St. John’s-wort). Other Scientific Names: None. Other Common Names: Klamath weed, goatweed. Legal Status: Not categorized. Growth form: Perennial forb. Leaves: Leaves are opposite, 1–3 cm long, oval- Flower: Flowers shaped, with prominent veins and covered with are 2 cm in transparent dots. diameter, bright yellow, Stems: Mature plants are numerous in flat-topped 0.1–1.0 m high. The stems are clusters. Flowers have 5 erect, 2-sided, rust coloured, separate petals that are twice with numerous branches. as long as the sepals. Stamens Roots: Short rhizomes. are numerous and paired into Seedling: No information 3 groups. available. Seeds/Fruit: Seed pods are 6 mm long, rust-brown, with 3- Similar Species celled capsules that contain Exotics: None known. numerous seeds (Whitson et al. Natives: None known. 1996). Impacts ____________________________________________ Agricultural: St. John’s-wort invades grazed and irritation and blistering in light-coloured livestock disturbed lands. In dense stands, it displaces native when they are exposed to sunlight (Powell et al. 1994). plant species and reduces livestock and wildlife forage. Ecological: No information available. The plant also contains a toxin that causes skin Human: Commercially available as an antidepressant. Habitat and Ecology __________________________________ General requirements: In BC, St. John’s-wort grows Historical: Introduced from Eurasia. at low- to mid-elevations in coastal, grassland, and Life cycle: St. John’s-wort grows early in spring when open forested regions. It is commonly found on soil moisture is available, and flowers from June to rangeland, pasture, and meadows and along roadsides September, depending on geographic location. -
Biological Responses and Control of California Red Scale Aonidiella Aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)
Biological responses and control of California red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) by Khalid Omairy Mohammed Submitted to Murdoch University in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education Murdoch University Perth, Western Australia March 2020 Declaration The work described in this thesis was undertaken while I was an enrolled student for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Murdoch University, Western Australia. I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. To the best of my knowledge, all work performed by others, published or unpublished, has been duly acknowledged. Khalid O. Mohammed Date: March 10, 2020 I Acknowledgements بِ ْس ِمِِاللَّ ِـه َِّالر ْح َم ٰـ ِن َِّالر ِح ِيمِ ُ َويَ ْسأَلُ َونَك َِع ِن ُِّالروحِِِۖقُ ِل ُِّالر ُوح ِِم ْنِأَ ْم ِر َِر ِب َيِو َماِأ ِوتيتُ ْم ِِم َن ِْال ِع ْل ِمِإِ ََّّل َِق ِل ايًلِ﴿٨٥﴾ The research for this thesis was undertaken in the School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisors Professor Yonglin Ren and Dr Manjree Agarwal “Postharvest Biosecurity and Food Safety Laboratory Murdoch” for their support with enthusiasm, constructive editing, and patience throughout the years of this wonderful project. I deeply appreciate their encouragement, assistance and for being so willing to take me on as a student. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who helped me in completing this thesis. -
Biological Control
KLAMATH WEED (= ST. JOHN'S WORT) Hypericum perforatum L. – Hypericaceae Dr. E. Fred Legner, University of California Retrieved from: http://faculty.ucr.edu/~legneref/biotact/ch-66.htm This weed is of European origin, and was first reported as a pest in northern California near the Klamath River. It increased and spread rapidly and by 1944 had occupied over two million acres of rangeland in thirty counties of California. Not only were food forage plants greatly reduced but cattle and sheep lost weight when eating the weed because of its toxic effect, sensitizing them to sunlight. This resulted in such a great decrease in land values that it became almost impossible for ranchers to borrow money for development (DeBach 1974). Chemical herbicides were available but not practical because of cost and the inaccessibility of most of the infested land. Dr. Harry S. Smith, head of biological control work in California, proposed the importation of insects that attacked the weed as early as 1922, but the thought of deliberately introducing a plant feeding insect was not acceptable at that time. At the same time, in Australia phytophagous insects to control Klamath weed were being introduced from England and Europe beginning in 1929, and Dr. Smith in California followed the progress there with great interest through correspondence with Dr. A. J. Nicholson, Chief Entomologist for the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO). Authorization was finally obtained in 1944 to import three species of beetles that showed promise against the weed in Australia. It was not possible then to consider importations from Europe because of World War II, but rather simple to bring material from Australia through the cooperation of the United States Army Transport Command. -
Integrated Noxious Weed Management Plan: US Air Force Academy and Farish Recreation Area, El Paso County, CO
Integrated Noxious Weed Management Plan US Air Force Academy and Farish Recreation Area August 2015 CNHP’s mission is to preserve the natural diversity of life by contributing the essential scientific foundation that leads to lasting conservation of Colorado's biological wealth. Colorado Natural Heritage Program Warner College of Natural Resources Colorado State University 1475 Campus Delivery Fort Collins, CO 80523 (970) 491-7331 Report Prepared for: United States Air Force Academy Department of Natural Resources Recommended Citation: Smith, P., S. S. Panjabi, and J. Handwerk. 2015. Integrated Noxious Weed Management Plan: US Air Force Academy and Farish Recreation Area, El Paso County, CO. Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. Front Cover: Documenting weeds at the US Air Force Academy. Photos courtesy of the Colorado Natural Heritage Program © Integrated Noxious Weed Management Plan US Air Force Academy and Farish Recreation Area El Paso County, CO Pam Smith, Susan Spackman Panjabi, and Jill Handwerk Colorado Natural Heritage Program Warner College of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 August 2015 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Various federal, state, and local laws, ordinances, orders, and policies require land managers to control noxious weeds. The purpose of this plan is to provide a guide to manage, in the most efficient and effective manner, the noxious weeds on the US Air Force Academy (Academy) and Farish Recreation Area (Farish) over the next 10 years (through 2025), in accordance with their respective integrated natural resources management plans. This plan pertains to the “natural” portions of the Academy and excludes highly developed areas, such as around buildings, recreation fields, and lawns. -
Ants, Pests and Natural Enemies in Mediterranean Citrus
ANTS, PESTS AND NATURAL ENEMIES IN MEDITERRANEAN CITRUS Ecological interactions and practical implications for biological control DOCTORAL THESIS Presented by: Altea Calabuig Gomar Directed by: Ferran Garcia Marí and Apostolos Pekas València, May 2015 UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE VALÈNCIA Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria Agronòmica i del Medi Natural UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE VALÈNCIA Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria Agronòmica i del Medi Natural Departament d’Ecosistemes Agroforestals Ants, pests and natural enemies in Mediterranean citrus: ecological interactions and practical implications for biological control DOCTORAL THESIS Presented by: Altea Calabuig Gomar Directed by: Ferran Garcia Marí Apostolos Pekas València, 2015 A Dídac “Mucha gente pequeña en lugares pequeños, haciendo cosas pequeñas pueden cambiar el mundo” Eduardo Galeano Aknowledgments Després de 4 anys de feina em vénen al cap un munt de persones sense les quals, directament o indirectament, no hagués pogut acabar aquesta tesi i a les quals m’agradaria mostrar el meu agraïment. En primer lloc, vull agrair a Ferran Garcia Marí que em donara l’oportunitat de realitzar aquesta tesi amb ell. He gaudit del seu gran coneixement i de la seua ampla experiència en el camp de l’entomologia. Ha estat tot un privilegi. Gràcies per tota l’atenció i ensenyament que m’has donat. També li dec un agraïment especial a Apostolos Pekas per haver codirigit aquesta tesi i per haver-me permès d’aprofundir en la investigació que ell va encetar. Per haver confiat en mi des d’un principi sense gairebé conèixer-me. Tolis ha estat tot un exemple de rigor i professionalitat. Les discussions científiques i no científiques amb ell sempre han estat ben enriquidores. -
Insect Control Update
Insect Control Update Diane Alston Utah State University Extension 2006 Pesticide Recertification Workshops Topics ◘ Pest – Japanese Beetle ◘ Insect Diagnostics – Recognizing Common Insects & Plant Injury ◘ Examples of Insect Pests ◘ Woody Ornamentals ◘ Greenhouse ◘ Turf Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica Scarab Beetle First found in U.S. in 1916 Orem, Utah: July 2006 >600 adults Mating pair of adults Trap: Sex pheromone/ Floral lure Adult feeding injury to Virginia Creeper Japanese Beetle Primarily a turf pest – Larvae or grubs feed on grass roots Adults have a broad host range – Skeletonize leaves – rose, fruit trees, shade trees, grape, etc. Injury to rose Injury to crabapple Japanese Beetle Management ◘ Eradication is extremely difficult ◘ Don’t panic – it’s unlikely to have a large impact ◘ Keep plants healthy ◘ Plant non-attractive plants (lilac, forsythia, dogwood, magnolia, American Holly) ◘ If detected in turf, control larvae with insecticides (imidacloprid, carbaryl, permethrin) ◘ Traps can provide some adult suppression (75% catch; but can attract them into an area) ◘ Contact local Utah Dept. of Agriculture and Food Office Japanese Beetle Fact Sheet on USU Extension Web Site http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/factsheet/ENT-100-06PR-A.pdf Insect Diagnosis Insect is present Injury is present What type of injury? Friend or Foe? What life stage is present? Insect Feeding Types Borers Chewing Piercing-Sucking Gall Formers Diagnosis Scouting for Pests ◘ Look at the big picture ◘ Pattern of plant decline/injury ◘ Pest injury -
Newsletter Dedicated to Information About the Chrysomelidae Report No
CHRYSOMELA newsletter Dedicated to information about the Chrysomelidae Report No. 55 March 2017 ICE LEAF BEETLE SYMPOSIUM, 2016 Fig. 1. Chrysomelid colleagues at meeting, from left: Vivian Flinte, Adelita Linzmeier, Caroline Chaboo, Margarete Macedo and Vivian Sandoval (Story, page 15). LIFE WITH PACHYBRACHIS Inside This Issue 2- Editor’s page, submissions 3- 2nd European Leaf Beetle Meeting 4- Intromittant organ &spermathecal duct in Cassidinae 6- In Memoriam: Krishna K. Verma 7- Horst Kippenberg 14- Central European Leaf Beetle Meeting 11- Life with Pachybrachis 13- Ophraella communa in Italy 16- 2014 European leaf beetle symposium 17- 2016 ICE Leaf beetle symposium 18- In Memoriam: Manfred Doberl 19- In Memoriam: Walter Steinhausen 22- 2015 European leaf beetle symposium 23- E-mail list Fig. 1. Edward Riley (left), Robert Barney (center) and Shawn Clark 25- Questionnaire (right) in Dunbar Barrens, Wisconsin, USA. Story, page 11 International Date Book The Editor’s Page Chrysomela is back! 2017 Entomological Society of America Dear Chrysomelid Colleagues: November annual meeting, Denver, Colorado The absence pf Chrysomela was the usual combina- tion of too few submissions, then a flood of articles in fall 2018 European Congress of Entomology, 2016, but my mix of personal and professional changes at July, Naples, Italy the moment distracted my attention. As usual, please consider writing about your research, updates, and other 2020 International Congress of Entomology topics in leaf beetles. I encourage new members to July, Helsinki, Finland participate in the newsletter. A major development in our community was the initiation of a Facebook group, Chrysomelidae Forum, by Michael Geiser. It is popular and connections grow daily. -
MF3001 Mealybug
i Mealybug Management in Greenhouses and Interiorscapes Mealybugs are major insect pests of greenhouse and interiorscape environments (including conservatories) where they feed on a wide range of plants and are difficult to manage (suppress) with insecticides. Host plant range depends on the particular mealybug species but includes herbaceous annuals or perennials, foliage plants, orchids, vegetables, and herbs. Specific plants include aglaonema, begonia, chrysanthemum, coleus (Solenostemon scutel- larioides), croton (Codiaeum variegatum), dracaena, false aralia (Dizygotheca elegantissima), ficus, grape ivy (Cissus rhombifolia), marigold, poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima), pothos (Epipremnum aureum), and transvaal daisy (Gerbera jamesonii). A number of mealybug species may be found in green- Figure 3. Mealybug life cycle houses and interiorscapes, but the predominant species are the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri and the longtailed (Figure 4), and do not mealybug, Pseudococcus longispinus. In addition to these have to mate to repro- two species, which feed aboveground, root mealybugs duce (this is referred (Rhizoecus spp.) are of concern because they are extremely to as parthenogen- difficult to detect and manage with available insecticides. esis). Eggs hatch into Biology and Damage crawlers that actively move around seeking Mealybugs are elliptical in shape with white, waxy protru- places to settle and feed. sions extending from the body (Figure 1). Females are Crawlers are yellow- white, wingless and 2 to 5 mm long when full-grown, Figure 4. Long-tailed mealybugs orange (Figure 5), even- (Figure 2). Males are tually turning white af- typically smaller. Most ter each successive molt. mealybug species Once settled, mealybugs reproduce asexually progress through several (lay eggs). The typi- growth stages before cal female mealybug becoming adults. -
Honeydew Collecting in Malagasy Stingless Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) and Observations on Competition with Invasive Ants
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232669144 Honeydew Collecting in Malagasy Stingless Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) and Observations on Competition with Invasive Ants Article in African Entomology · April 2011 DOI: 10.4001/003.019.0111 CITATIONS READS 6 127 3 authors, including: Hauke Koch Marlotte Jonker University of Texas at Austin University of Freiburg 33 PUBLICATIONS 891 CITATIONS 3 PUBLICATIONS 15 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: TBA course View project ConFoBi - Conservation of Forest Biodiversity in Multiple-use Landscapes of Central Europe View project All content following this page was uploaded by Hauke Koch on 17 August 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Honeydew collecting in Malagasy stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) and observations on competition with invasive ants H. Koch1*, C. Corcoran2 & M. Jonker3 1Experimental Ecology, Institute for Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland 2Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 3Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708PB Wageningen, Netherlands We present the first record of honeydew feeding in Malagasy stingless bees. Two species of stingless bees, Liotrigona mahafalya and L. madecassa, collected honeydew produced by mealybugs on an Albizia perrieri (Fabaceae) tree in the dry deciduous forest of Kirindy, Madagascar. Honeydew might represent an important part of the diet of Malagasy stingless bees, especially in times of scarce floral resources in the highly seasonal environment of western Madagascar. The interaction between the bees and two species of invasive ants, Monomorium destructor and Paratrechina longicornis, in competition for the honeydew resource, was studied.