DOCSLIB.ORG

A Small Collection of Mosses from Kunashir Island, the Kuriles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Small Collection of Mosses from Kunashir Island, the Kuriles Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. B, 30(3), pp. 103–107, September 22, 2004 A Small Collection of Mosses from Kunashir Island, the Kuriles Masanobu Higuchi1 and Ken Sato2 1 Department of Botany, National Science Museum, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Faculty of Engineering, Hokkai-Gakuen University, 4–1–40 Asahi-machi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062–8605, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Seventeen species of mosses are reported from Kunashir (Kunashiri) Island, the Kuriles. Dicranum japonicum, Grimmia elongata and Plagiothecium denticulatum are new addi- tions to the moss flora of the Kuriles. Arctoa fulvella, Dicranum hamulosum, Pogonatum sphaerothecium, Polytrichum piliferum and Sphagnum palustre are new to Kunashir Island. Key words: bryophytes, mosses, Kunashir, the Kuriles. This is a report on the mosses collected from Study Area Kunashir Island, the Kuriles, in 1999. The Kuriles is a chain of islands connecting Hokkai- From July 29 to August 5, 1999, the second do (Japan) and Kamchatka Peninsula. Geologi- author visited Kunashir Island to make a field re- cally the islands originated from volcanic activi- search of vascular flora and vegetation, and also ty. Kunashir Island is situated in the southwest of collected bryophyte specimens mainly on Mt. Ty- the islands (Fig. 1). The highest peak is Mt. Ty- atya (July 30–Aug. 3) and some specimens on atya (44°21ЈN, 146°15ЈE) on the northern part of Mt. Mendeleev (Mt. Rausu) (Aug. 4). the island at 1,822 m. The land area is ca. Altitudinal vegetation zones and plant commu- 1,499 km2, which follows Honshu, Hokkaido, nities observed on the southeastern slopes of Mt. Kyushu, Shikoku and Iturup (Etorofu) Islands. Tyatya were as follows (cf. Sato 2001, Sato & The moss flora of the Kuriles is still insuffi- Eremenko 2002). ciently known. The mosses of the islands have I: Montane zone (below 250 m). been reported by Brotherus (1899), Horikawa Ia: Herb communities on sandy beach and (1934, 1940) and Noguchi (1967). Bardunov & rocky coast (seashore). Cherdantseva (1984) compiled a catalog of moss- Ib: Tall-herb community and small forest es of the southern Kurile Islands. Recently Mina- stands on coastal terrace (below 70 m). mi et al. (2001) reported bryophytes on Para- Ic: Coniferous forest accompanied with mushir Island, northern Kuriles, and Otnyukova temperate hardwoods (70–160 m). (2001) recorded Dicranum nipponese from Ku- Id: Dense deciduous thicket accompanied nashir Island. Among 17 species recognized in with temperate hardwoods and Polygonum this study, D. japonicum, Grimmia elongata and weyrichii var. alpinum community (160–250 m). Plagiothecium denticulatum are new additions to II: Subalpine zone (250–850 m). the moss flora of the Kuriles. Arctoa fulvella, Di- IIa: Sparse deciduous thicket and Polygon- cranum hamulosum, Pogonatum sphaerothecium, um weyrichii var. alpinum community (250– Polytrichum piliferum and Sphagnum palustre are 400 m). new to Kunashir Island. IIb: Polygonum weyrichii var. alpinum community and Dicentra peregrina community on the scoria desert, and Racomitrium lanugi- nosum community on the volcanic boulders. 104 Masanobu Higuchi and Ken Sato Fig. 1. Map showing study sites. IIc: Betula ermanii forest and Alnus maxi- summit in 1812, because these communities mowiczii thicket (650–850 m). show sparse physiognomy and also are extremely III: So-called alpine zone above the forest poor in species compared with those of IIIa. limit (850–1,822 m). On the other hand, the mountain foots of Mt. IIIa: Pinus pumila scrub, Alnus maximow- Mendeleev (30–180 m) are mainly covered with iczii thicket, Dicentra peregrina community, Picea glehnii forest, and there are small stands of Loiseleuria procumbens community, Phyllodoce Abies sachalinensis forest and solfatara commu- caerulea community on the somma (850– nities characterized by the occurrence of Pinus 1,486 m). pumila, Deschampsia flexuosa, Miscanthus IIIb: Carex flavocuspis community and sinensis, etc. in the subalpine forest zone. Loiseleuria procumbens community in the atrio (crater floor; 1,350–1,400 m). Enumeration of Species IIIc: Phyllodoce caerulea community and Phyllodoce aleutica community in the depression In the following enumeration an asterisk (*) of lava flows, Pentstemon frutescens community preceding a species indicates “new to the on unstable slopes and Racomitrium lanugi- Kuriles.” The collections are preserved in the nosum community on the lava flows of central herbarium of the National Science Museum cone (1,400–1,822 m). (TNS). Among the above communities, communities of Id, Ia and Ib, showing the physiognomy of vol- 1. Arctoa fulvella (Dicks.) Bruch & Schimp. canic desert, are considered as the regenerating in B. S. G., Bryol. Eur. 1: 156 (1846). stages after the eruption of adventive cone (ca. Kunashir Island, Mt. Tyatya, 1430m, in Phyl- 650 m) in 1973. Communities of IIIb and IIIc lodoce caerulea community (IIIa), Aug. 2, 1999 must be influenced strongly by the eruption at the (Sato 4732), 1510 m, in Phyllodoce caerulea Mosses from Kunashir Island, the Kuriles 105 community (IIIc), Aug. 1, 1999 (Sato 4717), Japan, Alaska and western Canada. 1550 m in Racomitrium lanuginosum community This species has been reported from Iturup (IIIc) (Sato 4714). (Etorofu) and Shikotan Islands as well as Ku- Distribution. Europe, Siberia, China, Japan, nashir Island (cf. Bardunov & Cherdantseva N. America and Greenland. New to Kunashir Is- 1984). land. Minami et al. (2001) listed the species in Table 6. *Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) 1 in their report of the bryophytes on Paramushir Schimp. in B.S.G., Bryol. Eur. 5: 190 (1851). Island without data of the specimen. Kunashir Island, Mt. Tyatya, 1415m, in Alnus maximowiczii thicket (IIIa), Aug. 2, 1999 (Sato 2. Dicranum hamulosum Mitt., Trans. Linn. 4738). Soc. London Bot. 3: 156 (1891). Distribution. Widely distributed in the world. Kunashir Island, Mt. Tyatya, 1400m, in Pinus pumila scrub (IIIa), Aug. 2, 1999 (Sato 4721). 7. Pogonatum alpinum (Hedw.) Rohl., Ann. Distribution. Far East Russia, China, Taiwan Wetterau Ges. 3: 226 (1814). and Japan. New to Kunashir Island. Kunashir Island, Mt. Tyatya, ca. 1300m, Aug. Minami et al. (2001) listed the species in Table 3, 1999, coll. N. Eremenko (Sato 4759), 1415 m, 1 in their report of the bryophytes on Paramushir in Alnus maximowiczii thicket (IIIa), Aug. 2, Island without data of the specimen. 1999 (Sato 4736). Distribution. Europe, Africa, Far East Rus- 3. *Dicranum japonicum Mitt., Trans. Linn. sia, China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan and N. Ameri- Soc. London Bot. 3: 155 (1891). ca. New to Kunashir Island. Kunashir Island, Mt. Tyatya, ca. 1300m, Aug. This species has been reported from Itrup Is- 3, 1999, coll. N. Eremenko (Sato 4758), 1400 m, land (cf. Bardunov & Cherdantseva 1984). in Loiseleuria procumbens community (IIIa), Aug. 2, 1999 (Sato 4728), 1415 m, in Alnus max- 8. Pogonatum sphaerothecium Besch., Ann. imowiczii thicket (IIIa) (Sato 4737). Sc. Nat. Bot. sér. 7, 17: 353 (1893). Distribution. China, Taiwan, Korea and Kunashir Island, Mt. Tyatya, 1450–1680m, in Japan. IIIc, Aug. 1, 1999 (Sato 4720). Distribution. China, Korea, Far East Russia, 4. *Grimmia elongata Kaulf. in Sturm, Japan and Aleutian. New to Kunashir Island. Deutschl. Fl. 2: 14 (1816). This species has been reported from Iturup Is- Kunashir Island, Mt. Tyatya, 1380 m, in Phyl- land (cf. Bardunov & Cherdantseva 1984). lodoce aleutica community (IIIc), Aug. 1, 1999 (Sato 4718). 9. Polytrichum juniperinum Willd. ex Distribution. Widely distributed in the Hedw., Spec. Musc. 89 (1801). Northern Hemisphere. Kunashir Island, Mt. Tyatya, 135–300m, in volcanic desert (Id), July 31, 1999 (Sato 4702), 5. Hypnum plicatulum (Lindb.) A.Jaeger & ca. 350 m, in volcanic desert (IIa), July 30, 1999 Sauerb., Ber. S. Gall. Naturw. Ges. 1877–78: 316 (Sato 4756). (1880). Distribution. Widely distributed in the world. Kunashir Island, Mt. Tyatya, 135–300m, in This species has been reported from Kunashir volcanic desert (IIId), July 31, 1999 (Sato 4701), and Iturup Islands (cf. Bardunov & Cherdantseva 1430 m, in Alnus maximowiczii thicket (IIIa), 1984). Aug. 2, 1999 (Sato 4742). Distribution. Europe, Korea, Far East Russia, 10. Polytrichum piliferum Hedw., Spec. 106 Masanobu Higuchi and Ken Sato Musc. 90 (1801). 1550 m, in Racomitrium lanuginosum communi- Kunashir Island, Mt. Tyatya, 1400m, in Loise- ty (IIIc), Aug. 1, 1999 (Sato 4713), 1450– leuria procumbens community (IIIa), Aug. 2, 1680 m, in Racomitrium lanuginosum communi- 1999 (Sato 4727), 1415 m, in Phyllodoce ty (IIIc) (Sato 4719). caerulea community (IIIc), Aug. 1, 1999 (Sato Distribution. Widely distributed in the world. 4712), 1510 m, in Phyllodoce caerulea commu- This species has been reported from Kunashir nity (IIIc), Aug. 2, 1999 (Sato 4716). and Iturup Islands (cf. Bardunov & Cherdantseva Distribution. Widely distributed in the world. 1984). New to Kunashir Island. Minami et al. (2001) listed the species in Table 14. Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske, Hed- 1 in their report of the bryophytes on Paramushir wigia 46: 309 (1907). Island without data of the specimen. Kunashir Island, Mt. Tyatya, ca. 1300m, in IIIa, Aug. 3, 1999 (Sato 4757), 1430 m, in Phyl- 11. Racomitrium heterostichum (Hedw.) lodoce caerulea community (IIIa), Aug. 2, 1999 Brid., Mant. Musc. 79 (1819). (Sato 4733). Kunashir Island, Mt. Tyatya, 1430m, in Alnus Distribution. Widely distributed in the maximowiczii thicket (IIIa), Aug. 2, 1999 (Sato Northern Hemisphere. 4741). This species has been reported from Iturup and Distribution. Europe, Nepal, W. Bengal, Shikotan Islands as well as Kunashir Island (cf. Sikkim, Bhutan, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, N. Amer- Bardunov & Cherdantseva 1984). ica and Greenland. This species has been reported from Kunashir 15. Sphagnum girgensohnii Russ., Arch. Island (cf. Bardunov & Cherdantseva 1984). Naturk. Livl. Ehstl. Kurl. Ser. 2, 7: 124 (1865). Kunashir Island, Mt. Mendeleev (Mt. Rausu), 12. Racomitrium japonicum Dozy & Molk., 60 m, in Abies sachalinensis forest, Aug. 4, 1999 Musci Frond. Ined. Archip. Indici 5: 130 (1847). (Sato 4742). Kunashir Island, Mt. Tyatya, 135–300m, in Distribution.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Russia's Ring of Fire
    Russia’s Ring of Fire Kamchatka, the Commander & Kuril Islands 26th May to7th June 2021 (13 days) Zodiac cruise & Auklet flocks by N. Russ The Pacific Ring of Fire manifests itself in numerous places on the rim of the Pacific Ocean – but nowhere more dramatically than in Russia’s Far East. Along one of the world’s most active plate boundaries, the Pacific plate subducts under the Eurasian plate and the resulting volcanic and geothermal activity has built a unique and amazing landscape. Upwelling from the deep trenches formed by this action and currents around the many islands means there is an abundance of food for both birds and marine mammals, making the seas here amongst the richest in the world. The region’s human history is as interesting and as fascinating as the geological history and it is closely connected to the oceans that surround it. The earliest people to settle in the RBL Russia - Ring of Fire Itinerary 2 region, the Ainu, lived from the sea. Explorer Vitus Bering and, at the height of the Cold war, Russia’s formidable Pacific Fleet, were based in the region. The secrecy surrounding the fleet resulted in the region being ‘closed’ even to Russians, who had to obtain special permits to travel to and within the area. It is only now, two decades since Perestroika, that people can travel relatively freely here, although there is still very little in the way of infrastructure for visitors. This voyage takes us where very few people have been – or are able to go. The region falls into three quite distinct and unique geographical regions: the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands (the western extremity of the Aleutian chain of islands) and the Kuril Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Persistence of Carex Bigelowii–Racomitrium Lanuginosum Moss Heath Under Sheep Grazing in the Grampian Mountains, Scotland
    Article (refereed) - postprint Welch, David; Scott, David; Thompson, Des B.A. 2015. Persistence of Carex bigelowii–Racomitrium lanuginosum moss heath under sheep grazing in the Grampian Mountains, Scotland. Journal of Bryology, 37 (2). 96-103. 10.1179/1743282014Y.0000000127 Copyright © British Bryological Society 2014 This version available http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/511342/ NERC has developed NORA to enable users to access research outputs wholly or partially funded by NERC. Copyright and other rights for material on this site are retained by the rights owners. Users should read the terms and conditions of use of this material at http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/policies.html#access This document is the author’s final manuscript version of the journal article, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer review process. Some differences between this and the publisher’s version remain. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from this article. The definitive version is available at http://www.maneyonline.com/ Contact CEH NORA team at [email protected] The NERC and CEH trademarks and logos (‘the Trademarks’) are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. 1 Persistence of Carex bigelowii-Racomitrium lanuginosum moss heath under sheep 2 grazing in the Grampian Mountains, Scotland. 3 4 David Welch1, David Scott1 and Des B.A. Thompson2 5 1Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, 6 Midlothian, EH26 0QB; 2Scottish Natural Heritage, Silvan House, 231 Corstorphine Road, 7 Edinburgh, EH12 7AT.
    [Show full text]
  • Q:\Dokumentation-Bulletins
    Von: [email protected] Gesendet: Freitag, 01. Jänner 2010 18:55 An: [email protected] Betreff: [425ENG] 425 DX News #974 > > > 425 DX NEWS < < < _____________________________________________________________________________ > > > 425 DX NEWS < < < 425 DX News is available in the following languages: English * Italian * Japanese * Portuguese * Russian * Spanish _____________________________________________________________________________ 02 January 2010 A.R.I. DX Bulletin No 974 =========================== *** 4 2 5 D X N E W S *** **** DX INFORMATION **** =========================== Edited by I1JQJ & IK1ADH Direttore Responsabile I2VGW 8Q - Cezar, YO8TLC will be active as 8Q7CE from the Maldives (AS-013) on 8-25 January. He plans to operate holiday style on 40, 30 and 20 metres, mainly CW and some SSB. QSL via home call, direct or bureau. [TNX http://dx-hamspirit.com/] A6 - Gerry, VE6LB will be active as A6/VE6LB from Dubai, United Arab Emirates from 8 January to 8 February. He plans to operate holiday style on 40-12 metres mainly CW, with 100 watss and a wire antenna. QSL via home call and LoTW. [TNX VE6LB] C6 - Tom, C6ANM will be active from January through April 160-6 metres CW and SSB, including participation in the CQ WW 160-Meter DX Contests (CW and SSB) and in the ARRL DX SSB Contest. He will primarily operate from Nassau (NA-001). QSL via LoTW (preferably) or direct to WA2IYO. [TNX NE1B] EL - Chris, ZS6RI will be active again (this time with 100 watts) as EL8RI from Liberia for one month starting on 2 January. This will be his last trip to Liberia, as he has been transferred to another country in Africa where he expects to be working on a six week on, six week off schedule.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of Tasmanian Mosses
    15 AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF TASMANIAN MOSSES by P.I Dalton, R.D. Seppelt and A.M. Buchanan An annotated checklist of the Tasmanian mosses is presented to clarify the occurrence of taxa within the state. Some recently collected species, for which there are no published records, have been included. Doubtful records and excluded speciei. are listed separately. The Tasmanian moss flora as recognised here includes 361 species. Key Words: mosses, Tasmania. In BANKS, M.R. et al. (Eds), 1991 (3l:iii): ASPECTS OF TASMANIAN BOTANY -- A TR1BUn TO WINIFRED CURTIS. Roy. Soc. Tasm. Hobart: 15-32. INTRODUCTION in recent years previously unrecorded species have been found as well as several new taxa described. Tasmanian mosses received considerable attention We have assigned genera to families followi ng Crosby during the early botanical exploration of the antipodes. & Magill (1981 ), except where otherwise indicated in One of the earliest accounts was given by Wilson (1859), the case of more recent publications. The arrangement who provided a series of descriptions of the then-known of families, genera and species is in alphabetic order for species, accompanied by coloured illustrations, as ease of access. Taxa known to occur in Taslnania ami Part III of J.D. Hooker's Botany of the Antarctic its neighbouring islands only are listed; those for Voyage. Although there have been a number of papers subantarctic Macquarie Island (politically part of since that time, two significant compilations were Tasmania) are not treated and have been presented published about the tum of the century. The first was by elsewhere (Seppelt 1981).
    [Show full text]
  • Mosses and the Struggle for Light in a Nitrogen-Polluted World
    Oecologia (2005) 142: 159–168 DOI 10.1007/s00442-004-1706-0 ECOPHYSIOLOGY Rene´van der Wal Æ Imogen S. K. Pearce Rob W. Brooker Mosses and the struggle for light in a nitrogen-polluted world Received: 26 December 2003 / Accepted: 4 August 2004 / Published online: 14 October 2004 Ó Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract The impact of reduced light conditions as an demonstrates the importance of understanding moss- indirect effect of nitrogen (N) deposition was determined vascular plant interactions to allow interpretation and on three mosses in a montane ecosystem, where sedge prediction of ecosystem responses to anthropogenic and grass cover increase due to N enrichment. Addi- drivers such as atmospheric N deposition or climate tionally, in the greenhouse we established the impor- change. tance of low light to moss growth as an indirect N deposition effect relative to the direct toxic effects of N. Keywords Competition Æ Light Æ Montane Æ Mosses Æ The amount of light reaching the moss layer was Nitrogen enrichment strongly and negatively related to graminoid abundance. Mosses showed differing sensitivities to reduced light in the field. Racomitrium lanuginosum biomass was found Introduction to be highest under high-light conditions, Polytrichum alpinum at intermediate light levels, whilst that of Di- Mosses and vascular plants co-occur in a wide range of cranum fuscescens was unrelated to light availability. habitats across the world, yet our understanding of their Moreover, Racomitrium biomass decreased with interactions remains limited. This lack of mechanistic increasing amounts of graminoid litter, whereas the understanding hinders our ability to interpret and pre- other species were little affected.
    [Show full text]
  • The Organic Chemistry of Volcanic Gases at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy)
    Diss. ETH No. 14706 The Organic Chemistry of Volcanic Gases at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) A dissertation submitted to the SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ZÜRICH for the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences presented by Florian Maximilian Schwandner Dipl. Geol-Paläontol., Freie Universität Berlin born August 13th, 1970 citizen of the Federal Republic of Germany accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. T.M. Seward Inst. of Mineralogy and Petrography, ETH Zürich examiner Prof. Dr. V.J. Dietrich Inst. of Mineralogy and Petrography, ETH Zürich co-examiner Dr. A. P. Gize Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Manchester (UK) co-examiner 2002 To my family i Preface Finally the printed “Pflichtexemplar” (mandatory copy) is done and printed, and life after the PhD can continue. In addition to the acknowledgements at the end of this thesis, a few remarks seem appropriate at this point. It has been a great pleasure and experience to conduct this work, with the professional, financial and personal support of Terry Seward, Volker “Wumme” Dietrich, Andy Gize, Jenny Cox, a variety of other colleagues as well as my family and friends. Christoph Wahrenberger preceeded me on the research topic and Alex Teague will continue on after me but I am sure there will be many more scientists “jumping on the train” in the nearest future. There has been, still is and probably always will be great resistance to innovative ideas and approaches in science, especially by people who are so unfortunate to heavily depend on funding raised by and for mainstream “politically correct” research, or catastrophism.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring Growth Rate in Bryophytes and Lichens
    Measuring growth rate in bryophytes and lichens by Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir, Peter Crittenden and Annika Jägerbrand th In: Summary document of 8 Annual ITEX Workshop . Royal Holloway Institute for Environmental Research, 19-22 April, 1997, pp. 10-15. www.geog.ubc.ca/itex/library/docs/ITEX8summary.pdf Bryophytes and lichens are important vegetation components in most tundra vegetation types and they may respond either directly to temperature change or indirectly through interaction with vascular plants. It is, therefore, important to include these groups in ITEX-studies at least in those at community level. Although bryophytes and lichens are quite distinct organisms, in many cases they play a comparable role in plant communities and it is thus appropriate to include both groups under the same protocol. This is particularly true for mat forming mosses and lichens with large cover in the bottom layer. Studies have shown that both mat forming mosses and lichens are extremely efficient in immobilising all atmospheric nutrient input making it unavailable for vascular plants (Crittenden 1989; Lee et al. 1987; Jónsdóttir et al. 1995). We strongly recommend including bryophytes and lichens in studies at ITEX-sites. This can be done at different levels and we provide some detail on measurements at two of them: 1. Community level measurements. 2. Growth rate of individual shoots. 1. Community level measurements. In the ”point framing” analysis that is recommend in the ”Community baseline measurements for ITEX-studies” it is important to record two hits at each point if possible: 1) first hit in the field layer and 2) first hit in the bottom layer (called ”ground surface” in the Community baseline- protocol).
    [Show full text]
  • 332190 FULLTEXT01.Pdf
    A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE RACOMITRIVM CANESCENS GROUP (BRYOPHYTA, GRIMMIALES) by Arne A. Frisvoll University of Trondheim The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters, The Museum Aber erst eine monographische Bearbeitung dieser Pflanze [Racomitrium canescens) , der ein sehr grosses Material und eine eingehende Beobachtung zugrunde gelegt werden musste, kann eine befriedigende Gliederung ermagliehen. Leopold Loeske in Die Laubmoose Europas. r. Grimmiaceae, p. 190. 1913. The literature ... allots R. ericoides a total area rough­ ly similar to that of R. canescens. The distribution of the two speeies in northern Europe certainly suggests that a closer examination of all the pertinent material would show marked differences in their total ranges, and that additional taxa should perhaps be separated in order to clear up the situation within the R. canescens group. Kirsti Heinonen in Ann. Bot. Fennici 8: 148. 1971. ABSTRACT Frisvoll, Arne A. 1983. A taxonomic revision of the Racomitrium canescens group (Bryophyta, Grimmiales). Gunneria 41: 1-181. ' From the study of mixed stands it is evident that many distinct genotypes occur in the Racomitrium canescens group. The numerous parallel environmental modifications presented by the geno­ types have hitherto prevented a good understanding of the taxonomy of the group, and standard short designations describing these modi­ fications are proposed. A number of stable leaf characteristics have been found, including the form and papillosity of the leaves, and the structure of costa, hairpoint and papillae. within the genus, the taxa related to R. canescens constitute a natural group, which here is treated as a section; Racomitrium sect. Racomitrium is divided into two subsections: subsect.
    [Show full text]
  • Neotropical Moss Floras: Species Common to North and South America
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Hochschulschriftenserver - Universität Frankfurt am Main 1 Tropical Bryology 10: 1-6, 1995 Neotropical moss floras: Species common to North and South America. Claudio Delgadillo M. Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 70-233, 04510 México, D.F. Mexico. Abstract. North and South America share about 675 species that show two basic patterns, namely, those with a continuous range and those with a disjunct distribution. Both may have resulted from step-by- step migration, but the latter, including 118 species, may be due to break up of previous distributions by post-Tertiary tectonic and climatic changes or by long-distance dispersal. The distribution of vascular plants inclu- shared families of flowering plants could be des many genera common to North and South referred to Gondwanan or Laurasian origins America (Johnston 1940, Miranda 1959). Some (Raven & Axelrod 1974). Gentry (1982), in of them have widespread ranges while others discussing the floristic richness of the neotropics, exhibit disjunct distributions between both land pointed out that with the closure of the Central masses (Good 1964, Rzedowski 1978). While American isthmus many South American taxa long-range dispersal has been proposed as an moved north to completely dominate the Central explanation (Raven 1963), it is often assumed American lowlands and that most of this invasion that the shared taxa resulted from past plant is so recent that there has been little differentiation migrations even though certain such patterns as at the species level. In the upper elevations of the bicentric distributions are difficult to explain Costa Rica the vascular flora shows distinct links because the herbaceous and woody species seem with northern Central America and Mexico, and to represent different periods of floristic inter- with the Andes; at the generic level, 95% of the change (Johnston 1940).
    [Show full text]
  • 4C Dating of Late Pleistocene-Holocene Events on Kunashir Island, Kuril Islands
    '4C DATING OF LATE PLEISTOCENE-HOLOCENE EVENTS ON KUNASHIR ISLAND, KURIL ISLANDS V. B. BAZAROVA, N. G. RAZJIGAEVA, T. A. GREBENNIKOVA, L. A. GANZEY, L. M. MOKHO VA, A. M. KOROTKY Pacific Institute of Geography, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Radio Street 7, Vladivostok 690041 Russia and L. D. SULERZHITSKY Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky Per. 7, Moscow 109017 Russia ABSTRACT. Kunashir Island is a very important site for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Until recently, very little information on Quaternary deposits was available. We studied the environmental evolution of this oceanic island under the influence of geomorphological processes, volcanism and strong marine currents. This paper presents new data that allow a detailed reconstruction of the environmental development of Kunashir Island during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene, based on ca. 80 radiocarbon dates and diatom, pollen and sedimentological data. The vegetation development reflects climate changes and warm/cold current migrations. INTRODUCTION Kunashir is the largest southern island of the Kuril Island arc, stretching from Hokkaido Island to southern Kamchatka. Kunashir Island is ca. 123 km long and is from 7 to 35 km wide, covering an area of 1490 km2. It stretches from 43°40' to 44°30'N latitude and from 145°23' to 146°30'E longi- tude and is divided by the Izmena Strait (15.5 km wide) from northeastern Hokkaido (Fig. 1). The island is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Sea of Okhotsk to the west. Kunashir has a monsoon-type climate. During the winter, intensive cold and dry air masses move in from Asia; during the summer, cool and moist air comes from the Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Alaska Interagency Operating Plan for Volcanic Ash Episodes
    Alaska Interagency Operating Plan for Volcanic Ash Episodes August 1, 2011 COVER PHOTO: Ash, gas, and water vapor cloud from Redoubt volcano as seen from Cannery Road in Kenai, Alaska on March 31, 2009. Photograph by Neil Sutton, used with permission. Alaska Interagency Operating Plan for Volcanic Ash Episodes August 1, 2011 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Integrated Response to Volcanic Ash ....................................................................... 3 1.2 Data Collection and Processing ................................................................................ 4 1.3 Information Management and Coordination .............................................................. 4 1.4 Warning Dissemination ............................................................................................. 5 2.0 Responsibilities of the Participating Agencies ........................................................... 5 2.1 DIVISION OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (DHS&EM) ......................................................................................................... 5 2.2 ALASKA VOLCANO OBSERVATORY (AVO) ........................................................... 6 2.2.1 Organization ...................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 General Operational Procedures ...................................................................... 8
    [Show full text]
  • West-European, Russian, and Japanese Maps of the Kuril Islands up to the 19Th Century: a Comparative Analysis
    WEST-EUROPEAN, RUSSIAN, AND JAPANESE MAPS OF THE KURIL ISLANDS UP TO THE 19TH CENTURY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Nikolay Komedchikov Alexander Khropov Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences Staromonetny Pereulok, 29, Moscow, 119017, RUSSIA Lyudmila Zinchuk Russian State Library The ancients showed on their maps in the Far East of the Asian continent the two legendary islands – Chryse and Argyra, they believed that the soil of the former consisted of gold, while that of the latter did of silver. After the Marco Polo's voyage Europeans acquired a clearer idea of Pacific islands including the Japanese ones. Some maps of the 16th century equaled the island of Iapan (Zipangri) with Chryse, to the north of which they showed the island "La Plata" ("Argyra"), as on maps by Abraham Ortelius compiled in 1570 "Tartariae sive magni Chami Regni" and 1589 "MARIS PACIFICI, (quod vulgo Mar del Zur)". The discovery of the Kuril Islands was the result of two independent colonization directions: the exploration and development of Siberia and the Far East by Russian pathfinders and the voyages of West-European sailors. The formers were attracted by fur-bearing animals and virgin lands, the latter – by Eastern spices, gold and silver mines. The Europeans obtained the information on this chain of islands only after they reach Japan in 1565, this information interlaced with information about the island of Eso (Yedso), that is modern Hokkaidō. In 1643 the ships of the Holland expedition under Maarten Gerritsz Vries sailed along the Eastern shores of Eso (Yedso) and the southern Kuril Islands. On the results of this expedition they compiled a map which was published by J.
    [Show full text]