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Atomic and Plasma–Material Interaction Data for Fusion Volume 14 ATOMIC AND PLASMA–MATERIAL INTERACTION DATA FOR FUSION VOLUME 14 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2008 ISSN 1018–5577 €30.00 APID_14_cover.indd 1 2008-02-12 09:36:35 ATOMIC AND PLASMA–MATERIAL INTERACTION DATA FOR FUSION VOLUME 14 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2008 The volumes of ATOMIC AND PLASMA–MATERIAL INERACTION DATA FOR FUSION are published by the Inter- national Atomic Energy normally once a year. For these volumes, papers, letters and reviews are accepted which deal with the following topics: — Elementary collision processes in fusion plasmas involving photons, electrons, ions, atoms and molecules; — Collision processes of plasma particles with surfaces of fusion relevant materials; — Plasma–material interaction phenomena, including the thermophysical response of materials. Each submitted contribution should contain fusion relevant data and information in either of the above areas. Original contributions should provide new data, using well established methods. Review articles should give a critical analysis or evaluation of a wider range of data. They are normally prepared on the invitation by the Editor or on prior mutual consent. Each submitted contribution is assessed by two independent referees. Every manuscript submitted must be accompanied by a disclaimer stating that the paper has not been published and is not being considered for publication elsewhere. If no copyright is claimed by the authors, the IAEA automatically owns the copyright of the paper. Manuscripts and correspondence should be addressed to: The Editor, ATOMIC AND PLASMA–MATERIAL INERACTION DATA FOR FUSION, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria. Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria Editor: R.E.H. Clark, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences Editorial Board: R. Behrisch (Germany) D.R. Schultz (USA) H.B. Gilbody (UK) H.P. Summers (UK) R. Janev (The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) T. Kato (Japan) A. Kingston (UK) J. Roth (Germany) Yu.V. Martynenko (Russ. Fed.) W. Wiese (USA) COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed to the IAEA Publishing Section at: Sales and Promotion, Publishing Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria fax: +43 1 2600 29302 tel.: +43 1 2600 22417 email: [email protected] http://www.iaea.org/books © IAEA, 2008 Printed by the IAEA in Austria ATOMIC AND PLASMA–MATERIAL INTERACTION DATA FOR FUSION, VOLUME 14 IAEA, VIENNA, 2008 STI/PUB/023/APID/14 ISBN 978–92–0–1108107–0 ISSN 1018–5577 Foreword Plasmas in fusion energy devices consist of hot core During the course of the CRP that concluded in 2005, plasmas with cooler regions near the edge. The temperatures new data have been generated for a variety of processes are much lower in the edge region than in the core and there impacting a number of issues in the edge region of fusion is a relatively high population of neutral species. Neutral and plasmas. Essentially all the goals of the original work plan charged molecular species may form in this region and were fulfilled during the course of the CRP, with the influence the plasma diagnostics. A variety of molecules, generation of new theoretical and measured cross-sections including species of hydrocarbons, form in the edge region, for a variety of processes in molecules relevant to fusion and hydrocarbon species up to C3H8 may be produced. As plasmas. A great deal of the data have now been made the plasma interacts with the surface of the containment available in electronic form for several modelling codes, and vessel, erosion from the surface will take place. There is have already had a positive impact in a number of fusion then the potential for a number of chemical reactions to applications. Data have also been added to the database, occur near the surface. A wide variety of interaction maintained by the IAEA, for direct and cost-free use by all processes will take place involving these molecules in the fusion researchers. edge region. It is not well known to what extent these The present volume of Atomic and Plasma–Material processes affect the efficiency of the divertor itself. Thus Interaction Data for Fusion represents the results of the co- there is a need to gather spectroscopic and collisional data to ordinated effort of leading experimental and theoretical better understand the extent to which these processes are groups within the CRP. The contributions of the participants important in the edge regions, including data derived from of this CRP, contained in the present volume, significantly infrared spectroscopy. enlarge the available databases for processes involving The importance of these molecular processes to fusion molecules found in fusion plasma edge regions. This research led to a strong recommendation from the A+M information is an important ingredient in many modelling Subcommittee of the International Fusion Research Council and diagnostic studies of fusion plasmas. at its twelfth meeting in May 2000 to initiate a coordinated The IAEA takes this opportunity to acknowledge the research project (CRP) to address data needs in this area. efforts of the CRP participants in the preparation of this The IAEA initiated the CRP on Data for Molecular volume. The IAEA officer responsible for this publication Processes in Edge Plasmas in 2001. The purpose of the CRP was R.E.H. Clark of the Division of Physical and Chemical was to identify the specific molecular processes that are Sciences. important to the plasma physics in the edge region and to provide data for some of these processes. EDITORIAL NOTE This publication has been prepared from the original material as submitted by the authors. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the IAEA, the governments of the nominating Member States or the nominating organizations. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA to reproduce, translate or use material from sources already protected by copyrights. Contents Electron Impact Ionization/Dissociation of Hydrocarbon Molecules Relevant in the Edge Plasma . 1 S. Denifl, S. Feil, M. Winkler, M. Probst, O. Echt, S. Matt-Leubner, V. Grill, P. Scheier, T.D. Märk Electron Impact Ionization to the Constituents of the Edge Plasma: Appearance Energies and Temperature Effects . 12 S. Matejčík, M. Stano, E. Vasekova, S. Denifl, J.D. Skalny, T.D. Märk + Product Branching Ratios in Recombination of Hydrocarbon Ions (CnHm n > 0, m > 0) . 20 M. Larsson Electron Impact Ionization of Molecules and Free Radicals . 24 K. Becker, V. Tarnovsky Collisions of Hydrocarbon Ions of Energies 10–50 eV with Carbon Surfaces: Ion Survival, Dissociation, Chemical Reactions, Scattering . 34 Z. Herman, T.D. Märk Elementary Processes, Transport and Kinetics of Molecular Plasmas. 44 M. Capitelli, R. Celiberto, O. De Pascale, P. Diomede, F. Esposito, C. Gorse, A. Laricchiuta, S. Longo, D. Pagano Effective Rate Coefficients for Molecular Processes of Hydrogen and Hydrocarbons in Edge Plasmas . 56 U. Fantz, D. Wünderlich Reactive Collisions Between Electrons and Molecular Hydrogen Cation Isotopomers: Cross-sections and Rate Coefficients for HD+ and DT+ . 64 M.C. Stroe, M. Fifirig, F.O. Waffeu Tamo, O. Motapon, O. Crumeyrolle, G. Varin-Breant, A. Bultel, P. Vervisch, A. Suzor-Weiner, I.F. Schneider Cross-section Database for Collision Processes of Hydrocarbons with Electrons and Protons. 71 R.K. Janev, D. Reiter Photoabsorption, Photoionization and Neutral Dissociation Cross-sections of Hydrocarbon Molecules: Physicochemical Aspects of Molecular Processes in Fusion Edge Plasmas . 77 Y. Hatano Electron impact ionization/dissociation of hydrocarbon molecules relevant to the edge plasma S. Denifl, S. Feil, M. Winkler, M. Probst, O. Echt, S. Matt-Leubner, V. Grill, P. Scheier, T.D. Märk Institut für Ionenphysik der Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria Abstract Total and partial cross-sections for electron impact ionization of various C1, C2 and C3 hydrocarbon molecules have been determined experimentally from a threshold up to 1000 eV. Here we will discuss as an illustrative example ionization and dissociation reactions of methane and acetylene. Using a deflection and retarding field method, the ion kinetic energy distribu- tions of all product ions are measured.
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