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English.Pdf?Sfvrsn=356A8077 1 117 UN Women and UNDP, Gender and Disaster Risk Reduction in Europe and Central Asia: a Workshop Guide for Facilitators, 2018 GENDER AND DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF THE COVID – SARS – 19 IMPACT GENDER AND DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF THE COVID – SARS – 19 IMPACT Author: Marija Risteska, Ph.D. Contributions by: Kristijan Aleksoski Zlatko Simonovski Kristijan Trajkovski Nikolina Janeva Elena Kocoska Prof. Dr. Kristina Misheva Researchers: Ana Avramovska Nuskova Gordana Micova Nestorovska Sashko Jovanov Liljana Jonoska Elena Kocoska The Centre for Research and Policy Making is grateful for the support by representatives of the Monitoring Unit at the OSCE Mission to Skopje, who engaged actively in research activities and in gathering data at the local level. The team of authors would like to express their particular appreciation to Sanja Nikolin, Zhaneta Poposka, Darko Pavlovski, Vasiliki Chatzikamari and Eben Friedman for their comments and peer knowledge that made this Report even more relevant. Finally, the Centre would like to offer special acknowledgment to Sasha Gavric for his leadership in this study and for his vision that this Report would be an important contribution to the Centre’s broader work on gender parity and as regards the benefits resulting from the outstanding efforts of CSOs under this platform: National Network to End Violence against Women and Domestic Violence, Radar, Polio Plus, Ruralna Koalicija, and Humanost. CIP - Каталогизација во публикација Национална и универзитетска библиотека «Св. Климент Охридски», Скопје 342.51:[616.98:578.834(497.7)(047.31) 342.72/.73:[616.98:578.834(497.7)(047.31) 305:[616.98:578.834(497.7)(047.31) RISTESKA, Marija Gender and diversity analysis of the Covid-SARS-19 impact / author Marija Risteska. - Skopje : OSCE, 2020. - 89 стр. : граф. прикази, табели ; 21 см Фусноти кон текстот. - Содржи и: Annex 1-3 ISBN 978-608-4788-56-0 а) Ковид-19 -- Мерки на Владата -- Човекови права -- Македонија -- Истражувања б) Ковид-19 -- Мерки на Владата -- Родови аспекти -- Македонија -- Истражувања COBISS.MK-ID 52570629 The content of this publication does not necessarily represent the views or the position of the OSCE Mission to Skopje. Gender and Diversity Analysis of the COVID – SARS – 19 Impact Policy study no.40 3 Contents INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................................................6 COVID-19 Dynamics-19 ..............................................................................................................................................................7 Theory of Change .......................................................................................................................................................................11 Methodology and Limitations ............................................................................................................................................12 CHAPTER 1: GENDER ANALYSIS OF MEASURES ADOPTED BY THE GOVERNMENT ....................................16 1.1. Analysis of Measures from the Human Rights Perspective ...........................................................18 Freedom of Movement .............................................................................................................................................20 Freedom of Assembly ...............................................................................................................................................24 Religious Freedoms ....................................................................................................................................................24 Right to Education.......................................................................................................................................................25 Freedom of Expression ............................................................................................................................................26 Right to Privacy .............................................................................................................................................................28 1.2. Legality and Legitimacy of Measures ...........................................................................................................31 1.3. Gender and Diversity Analysis of Measures..............................................................................................34 Health Protection, Sexual and Reproductive Rights and Care ......................................................36 Economic Recovery and Livelihood ...............................................................................................................37 Social Protection and the Labour Market ...................................................................................................43 Measures Targeting Vulnerable Groups; Social Solidarity and Social Cohesion ................44 Partnership with CSOs, Consultations with Stakeholders and Communication with Citizens.............................................................................................................................45 CHAPTER 2: GENDER AND DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF THE RESPONSE TO THE COVID – 19 IMPACT .....48 2.1. Participation of Women and Men in the Labour Market...................................................................49 4 Contents 2.2. Pertaining Gender Roles and the Gender System.................................................................................53 2.3. Violence against Women ......................................................................................................................................56 2.4. Participation of Women and Men in the Response Including in Decision-Making in the COVID-19 Response ............................................................................................................................................................61 2.5. Business Liquidity and Survival Rate of Women’s Businesses ....................................................65 2.6. Social Inclusion and Discrimination ...............................................................................................................70 CHAPTER 3: GENDER GAPS CREATED BY THE COVID – 19 RESPONSE............................................................74 3.1.Gender Relations in the Family after COVID - 19 ......................................................................................75 3.2. Gender and the Future of Work after COVID-19 ......................................................................................77 3.3. Gender and Society after COVID-19 ................................................................................................................80 3.4. Gender and Decision-Making in the Post-COVID-19 Recovery .......................................................83 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MEASURES IN THE POST-COVID-19 PERIOD ....................................................................................................................................................86 Economy Related Recommendations ..................................................................................................................87 Labour Market .......................................................................................................................................................................89 Social Cohesion ....................................................................................................................................................................90 Violence and Public Safety Recommendations ..............................................................................................92 Decision-Making...................................................................................................................................................................93 ANNEX 1 LIST OF GOVERNMENT DECREES LIMITING RIGHTS OR FREEDOMS ..............................................97 ANNEX 2 LIST OF INTERVIEWED LOCAL LEVEL RESPONSE TEAMS .................................................................99 ANNEX 3 TABLE OF MEASURES ANALYSED FROM THE GENDER PERSPECTIVE ......................................100 5 Gender and Diversity Analysis of the COVID – SARS – 19 Impact Policy study no.40 Introduction The Centre for Research and Policy Making – CRPM notes that “the responses to COVID-19 have the potential to be disastrous for feminism” 6 Gender and Diversity Analysis of the COVID – SARS – 19 Impact Policy study no.40 The Centre for Research and Policy Making – CRPM notes that “the responses to COVID-19 have the potential to be disastrous for feminism”1, while Austrian MEP, Evelyn Regner, who chairs the European Parliament Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender The Centre for Equality, told the EUobserver that “the corona crisis is female.” Indeed, “in hospitals, Research and in nursing, at the supermarket checkouts, women fight in the front row against the Policy Making – disease, at the same time, however, closures and layoffs are affecting more female CRPM notes that sectors like tourism and retail.”2 Across the world, women’s independence will be a silent “the responses victim of the pandemic, concludes the Atlantic3. The overall women’s empowerment to COVID-19 have strive for equal participation in economic, societal and political processes, for equal the potential to be disastrous for roles of women and men in the family, in the household and in society, for which we feminism” have been advocating
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