Chapter 1: Parts of Speech Overview, Pp. 1–25

Home , A New House, Botticelli (crater), Business trip, Call Me Sir, Frank Rinehart, Have a Party

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Chapter 1: Parts of Speech 14. Leslie always lapses into baby talk when Overview, pp. 1–25 she sees a litter of kittens. Common, Proper, Concrete, and Abstract Nouns, 15. The band included one song that sounded as p. 1 if it had been recorded in an echo chamber. EXERCISE Com, A [or Con] 16. The class presented Ms. Stockdale with a 1. A constitution may have a bill of rights. bouquet of baby’s breath. 2. The Constitution of the United States guar- Com, A 17. The TV weatherperson explained to the antees freedomof speech. P, Con audience how a barometer works. 3. The Works Progress Administration existed 18. In order to get a good batch of cookies, you during the Great Depression. need to use the best oatmeal available. 4. That candidate is a staunch supporter of a Com, A [or Con] 19. A school of killer whales followed in the republican form of government. P, Con wake of the ship. 5. The Articles of Confederation were y of the instructor. 20. The bird-watchers were awe-struck as the approved in 1781. flock of geese lifted into the sky. 6. This document established “a firm league Com, A of friendship” among the states. Pronouns and Antecedents, p. 3 Com, Con Possessive pronouns in items 1 and 3, Ex. A, and 7. The editorial in today’s newspaper items 14 and 15, Ex. B, also may be identified as defended the proposed amendment. possessive adjectives. P, Con 8. The Supreme Court can decide cases EXERCISE A involving public officials. 1. If you didn’t tell Mr. Attansio about his car, and I didn’t, then who did? 9. Have you read the most recent book about P, Con the trial of Aaron Burr ? 2. That pie has a nice flavor to it. Com, A 10. He was tried for treason. 3. What did she say about your new haircut?

Compound Nouns and Collective Nouns, p. 2 4. Nobody knows me as well as I know EXERCISE A myself. 1. coll 5. coll 8. comp 5. All of us in the class wondered if anyone 2. 6. 9. comp coll coll else was as amused by the ﬁlm as we were. 3. comp 7. comp 10. comp 6. Neither of them has a question about the 4. coll project. EXERCISE B 7. They repaired the truck themselves. 11. How many players are on a team in baseball? 8. Although only some of the students admit- 12. My sister-in-law plays the oboe in the local

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit ted it to themselves, everyone in the class orchestra. enjoyed reading the stories. 13. The crowd had already sat through the 9. “These pumpkins,” he said, “aren’t nearly two-hour speech when President Lincoln as large as those.” rose to read the Gettysburg Address.

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10. One piece of fruit will be enough for me, 10. He blocked the pass and caught the ball thank you. himself, but as he ran down the ﬁeld with

EXERCISE B it, he was brought down by a running back.

11. The sound from the stereo was too loud, and EXERCISE B reflexive it woke up the neighbors. 11. He poured himself a glass of milk. 12. Sometimes Virgil will eat asparagus; some- 12. Somebody said that Terry designed all of intensive times he won’t. the costumes herself. reflexive 13. First, Juan washed the car; then he waxed it. 13. You take care of yourself, okay? reflexive 14. Uncle Bart could never bring himself to 14. The cat pulled itself up the side of the sofa. praise his sister’s cooking, no matter how 15. The homeowners painted their house intensive good it was. themselves.

15. Debra handed the baby to her husband, Demonstrative, Interrogative, and Relative Pronouns, p. 5 John, who put him in the crib. y of the instructor. EXERCISE A Personal, Reﬂexive, and Intensive Pronouns, p. 4 INT 1. What is the question? EXERCISE A Possessive pronouns in items 2, 3, 4, 7, DEM and 9 also may be identiﬁed as possessive adjectives. 2. This is the last of the paint. INT 1. I hope that the skates are worth the money 3. Which of the videos does Ben want to rent, that you paid for them. this one or that? REL 2. Jared offered me a free ticket to his 4. Those are the shoes that Lainie bought for uncle’s play. the dance. DEM 3. Mike and Zahara played their guitars, and 5. Whose books are these? then Ethel got her guitar and joined them. REL 6. Mary Ellen asked the same question that 4. Our coats look so much alike that I can’t tell Padgett did. which coat is mine and which is yours. 7. The casserole that Dad made last week tast- DEM 5. Angie wrote to me and explained why she ed much better than this. couldn’t visit us this summer. INT 8. To whom did Dave give the birthday card? 6. If you ask me, Carla, I think you should REL 9. That is a problem which has troubled the take the class in lifesaving. community for many years. 7. After he passed the pilot’s exam, he took us DEM 10. Take that, you scoundrel! for a ride in his new airplane. EXERCISE B REL 8. Isn’t she the person whose athletic prowess 11. Tom is the person that Cheryl had in mind dazzled us during the soccer game last for the job. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit Saturday? DEM 12. Those will do quite nicely. 9. My father loves that music by chanting REL 13. Neil is the student whose photograph was monks, but it drives me crazy. in the paper during the science fair.

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INT 14. Which of the flowers would work best on Identifying Pronouns, p. 7 the homecoming float? EXERCISE A DEM The possessive pronoun in item 3 also may be identi- 15. This is the song performed by the choir in fied as a possessive adjective. last night’s performance. 1. Before painting, they went to the hardware Indefinite Pronouns, p. 6 store to buy paint. EXERCISE A 2. The paint that Bryan had originally wanted 1. Much is promised to someone who is will- for the living room was no longer available. ing to risk everything. 3. Beth suggested two alternative colors, but 2. Knock on their door and see if anybody neither matched their furniture. is home. 4. After searching for an hour, Beth found a 3. The twins rely on themselves more than shade of green that both of them liked. they rely on anyone else. 5. They returned home and quickly began

y of the instructor. 4. Many tried out for the play, and the drama preparing to paint. teacher chose almost everyone. 6. “What should we do first?” asked Bryan. 5. Jared forgot about everything but his sci- 7. “You can stir the paint while I put drop ence fair project. cloths over the furniture.” 6. Several of us are meeting her for lunch in 8. “That is a good idea,” he replied. the cafeteria. 9. Then Bryan realized he would also need to 7. Doesn’t anybody here besides you speak move some furniture in the bedroom that Spanish? they intended to paint. 8. Nobody forgot to bring a backpack on the 10. As a result, Beth had to paint the entire liv- field trip. ing room herself. 9. All of the members of the chess club won- EXERCISE B The possessive pronoun in item 12 also dered who would win the tournament may be identified as a possessive adjective. this year. 11. indefinite 16. reflexive 10. Neither of the brothers was willing to ask 12. personal 17. demonstrative 13. 18. someone for help. personal interrogative 14. demonstrative 19. intensive EXERCISE B 15. relative 20. personal Answers may vary. Typical responses are given. 11. anybody 14. More Adjectives and the Words They Modify, p. 8 12. everything 15. someone, everyone EXERCISE A 1. The little electric car chugged over the steep Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 13. Everyone hill and into the valley. 2. A bitter wind was blowing off the ocean the night that Keith heard the eerie howling.

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3. The unpublished story revealed a new side A 4. Afew days from now, we’ll be able to of Faulkner to the scholar. laugh about the situation. 4. The clear view of the distant ocean was A 5. Which play are we going to see? slowly obstructed by the new skyscraper. P 6. Remember to seat those who come late at 5. The gray cat stretched itself out in the warm the back of the church. sunshine pouring through the window. A 7. Katya enjoys most movies, though she EXERCISE B prefers comedies. 6. I heard a lovely piece of music on the A portable radio this morning. 8. These old photographs were left to me by my grandmother. 7. The red telephone on the desk rang loudly, P startling the maintenance worker. 9. Some prefer a cold meal to a hot one. P 8. The sky is often clear this time of the year. 10. Those rosebushes are lovely! A

9. The kitten playfully dug its sharp claws 11. Some children are naturally talented at y of the instructor. into the old dog, who snapped at the kitten. singing and playing an instrument. P 10. Tony can bring ﬁfteen chairs to the 12. Of all the items on display, which do graduation party, if you need them. you prefer? P 11. Hang the apron on the little hook inside the 13. Most of us have already been swimming pantry door and put the oven mitt back in today. the left-hand drawer. 14. Mai enjoys being out in nature more than A 12. Many people don’t understand that a most people do. A snowstorm can be dangerous. 15. Many people will be coming from out of 13. This recipe makes a delicious pie, but it town for the wedding. P does call for ten apples. 16. The symphony has three movements; each 14. Out of the bedroom window, Nils could see has a different tempo. A a young deer. 17. Will all members of the squadron please 15. Why does Mr. Ecklund always use a red report to the ready room? P pencil to mark homework assignments? 18. The doctor will try to see all of you today. A Pronoun or Adjective? p. 9 19. This sort of painting is best seen in natural EXERCISE light. P P 1. Many of the houses in this neighborhood 20. This is my ﬁnal offer. were built by the same contractor. Noun or Adjective? p. 10 Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 2. The freshest fruits in the store are the EXERCISE P A apples and pears, which were picked only 1. My mother writes a newspaper column yesterday. once a week. A 3. These are not the books I ordered. 2. Originally, Mike’s family came from N Los Angeles.

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A 3. Jamal’s older brother is a successful record 20. If you have a complaint about your service, A producer. you should call the telephone company.

4. Tish has switched to a diet rich in grains, Main and Helping Verbs, p. 11 N vegetables, and fruit . EXERCISE N 5. Colin likes all sorts of music, but his 1. Mr. Okagi was working in his garden. favorite is opera. 2. I have known Gabrielle for many years. N 6. Who answered the telephone when 3. The Baxters are building a swimming pool you called? in their backyard. A 7. Are those storm clouds along the horizon? 4. If you had been wearing the mask, I might A 8. The Los Angeles freeways are some of the not have recognized you. most crowded roads in the world. 5. Where did she say the ladder should go? N 9. Please refold the newspaper when you’re 6. Some friends of Caitlin’s are having a party

y of the instructor. finished with it. next Saturday night. 10. My older sister just received her degree in 7. Would you like an invitation? A music education. 8. Had I known about the concert earlier, I A 11. The lecturer found a fruit basket in his would have gone with you. hotel room. 9. Randall should know that his supervisor A 12. That recording of the Duke Ellington song might ask him for an explanation of his “Don’t Get Around Much Anymore” absences. is classic. 10. Will you or will you not join the dance? 13. Aunt Mimi still has a lot of her old rock ‘n’ 11. Can a dog that small jump that high? N roll records on vinyl. 12. Rafiq had known about the change in N 14. The gale force winds of the storm caused a schedule as early as last week. great deal of damage along the coast. 13. I would help you carry the sofa, but as you A 15. The launch controller decided to proceed can see, my hands are full already. with the countdown. 14. After they had been eliminated in the first N 16. The author of my favorite book came to round of the championship, the team’s ride town to give a lecture. home on the bus was very quiet. A 17. He did a book signing at the local book- 15. He should have written his answers to the store. assignment yesterday. N 18. Duke Ellington was one of the founders of

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 16. We are always singing Nedra’s praises. the big-band sound in jazz. 17. Have they lived in the house very long? N 19. The launch of a space shuttle is always 18. While the carpenter is working in one room spectacular. of the new house, the plumber is ﬁnishing up in another room.

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19. If Mozart had only lived longer, he might Paciﬁc Ocean. Sacagawea has not been have composed even greater works. forgotten. Two mountain peaks, two lakes, and 20. Mr. Boylan will sign copies of his book after a state park have been named in honor of the he has given a reading from it. young Shoshone woman who came to the aid of Lewis and Clark. Verb Phrases, p. 12 EXERCISE A Action Verbs and Linking Verbs A, p. 13 1. Before the Louisiana Purchase, the EXERCISE A LV Louisiana Territory was owned by France. 1. The crowd remained spellbound throughout the magician’s performance. 2. President Jefferson must have wanted infor- AV mation about these interior lands. 2. Estelle turned the page of her science book. AV 3. Meriwether Lewis, Jefferson’s private secre- 3. Marcus should have arrived by now. LV tary, and William Clark were chosen as the 4. The solution to that problem remains a

leaders of an expedition into the Louisiana mystery to me. y of the instructor. AV Territory. 5. I smell the aroma of a freshly mowed lawn. LV 4. A young Shoshone woman, Sacagawea, 6. The stone felt smooth and velvety. was living in a Mandan village near Lewis LV 7. The tomato turned red on the vine. and Clark’s camp. LV 8. That vegetable soup smells delicious. 5. Didn’t she accompany them on their expe- AV 9. Cory felt a few rain drops on his head. dition as an interpreter and guide? LV 10. Is Samantha older than Jessica? EXERCISE B EXERCISE B The Lewis and Clark expedition had followed 11. The ocean is too calm for surﬁng. a trail that led to the Rocky Mountains. Those high mountain peaks must have appeared 12. Josh feels disappointed by the absence impassable to the members of the expedition. of surf. How could they ever get to the other side? 13. The surf had been rough only one week ago. Fortunately, Sacagawea knew these mountain 14. Tomorrow the wind may become stronger. passes. This was the land that she had traveled 15. Then the waves should be higher. through as a youngster with the Shoshone Action Verbs and Linking Verbs B, p. 14 before she had been captured by enemies. EXERCISE The expedition eventually encountered 1. Although most of the tour group went to Sacagawea’s own Shoshone people. Her AV the museum, Ms. Ruiz remained behind brother had become a chief of the Shoshone, at the hotel. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit and Sacagawea convinced him that he should LV 2. The Hanson brothers are the best hockey provide the explorers with horses, food, and players in the state. canoes so that the expedition could continue AV through the mountains to the ocean. On 3. In Madrid, Jody stayed in a youth hostel. November 7, 1805, the explorers reached the

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LV Transitive and Intransitive Verbs, p. 15 4. The project looks intimidating, but it EXERCISE A really isn’t. T 1. In the 1700s, the British expelled thousands 5. In spite of his advancing years, our dog of Acadians from Canada. LV Tadger remains a handsome animal. I 2. Many of those Acadians moved to AV 6. Taste this stew and tell me if you think it’s Louisiana. spicy enough. I 3. In Louisiana the name “Acadian” evolved AV 7. The detective looked carefully at the foot- into “Cajun.” print in the dirt. I 4. Cajun settlements spread across the south- AV 8. The storm yesterday blew down an old ern part of Louisiana. maple tree in our yard. 5. The paintings of Cajun artist George LV T 9. Was the delivery service prompt with the Rodrigue capture the ﬂavor of Cajun life.

package? EXERCISE B y of the instructor. LV I 10. Suzanne’s casserole tastes delicious, just 6. The people of New Orleans assembled like the casserole Mother used to make. along the streets for the Mardi Gras parade. LV T 11. By the first of next month, Eric will have The Cajun chef assembled the ingredients been a champion bicyclist for seven years. for gumbo on the counter. AV 12. If Steve isn’t careful, he may injure himself 7. The cars in the Louisiana Sugarcane Festival I while rock climbing. parade moved slowly down the street. LV T 13. Does this movie seem boring to you? The workers quickly moved the shrimp off AV 14. Please tell me again how much you liked the boat to the waiting trucks. T my story. 8. Marc Savoy, a Cajun musician, plays the AV 15. When Charlie finished the book, he recom- accordion. I mended it to his older brother. The Cajun band plays every Saturday LV 16. The cows appear unhurt by the hailstorm. morning. AV T 17. Curt often impresses people with his 9. The tourists met that chef, the host of a knowledge of movie trivia. popular Cajun cooking show. LV I 18. Are most of the shoes in the shop this The two families met for a fishing trip on expensive? the bayou. AV T 19. The letter just appeared on my desk one 10. My favorite author has written a new novel. I morning. Karen has written in her journal every day Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 20. Ms. Lindenmayer’s plan for the debate for three years. LV tournament sounded good to the faculty committee.

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Adverbs and the Words They Modify, p. 16 18. The extremely cranky child cried loudly EXERCISE Students’ identification of words modified when his rattle was taken away. may vary in item 12. 19. The cleverly modified car easily won the 1. In the morning, the campers carefully built a road rally. fire and quickly began preparing breakfast. 20. Occasionally an immensely patient farmer 2. The magician deftly pulled one colorful can become frustrated by the pace of scarf after another from the hat. farming. 3. The third baseman easily caught the pop fly. Noun or Adverb? p. 17 4. Professor Losoya never had heard such a EXERCISE A racket in his laboratory. 1. Edwina takes a personal interest in the 5. N Yesterday I received an e-mail from my match on Friday . friend in Tokyo. 2. She hopes Teresa will not be knocked 6. This very useful device will be a great addi- ADV

down. y of the instructor. tion to any household. 3. In addition to ups, everyone experiences a 7. N At the end of the recital, the audience down now and then. applauded enthusiastically. ADV 4. Teresa is strong but doesn’t move very fast. 8. The extremely eager young actors gathered 5. She has been able to maintain her weight early at the door of the audition hall. N without having to go on a fast . 9. Will Cousin Bruce be arriving today or ADV 6. Her opponent, Gabriella, will train tonight. tomorrow? N 7. Tonight will be her first opportunity to use 10. Aunt Marta gave Carlie an uncommonly the new ring. generous helping of mashed potatoes. ADV 8. Although she is small, she boxeswell . 11. My father gives overly detailed instructions. 9. Teresa will have to draw upon her deep 12. The bus will leave for St. Louis early N well of pugilistic skill. tomorrow. ADV 10. Teresa trains days and works nights. 13. The demolition crew very carefully placed EXERCISE B the explosive charges in the old building. Answers will vary widely. Sample responses are given. 14. At the stroke of midnight, the crowd in 11. Our city has just finished renovating our Times Square noisily greeted the new year. historic downtown. Do you prefer to do your shopping 15. The juggler’s ridiculously red shirt distract- downtown? ed the audience from his juggling. 12. Will the last to leave please turn out 16. The coach explained the play especially the lights? Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit carefully to the rookies on the team. Which stretching exercise should we do last? 13. Tuesday is the day that Aliki volunteers at 17. This thoroughly hilarious film will be play- the library. ing at a theater soon. Shara attended a study session Tuesday.

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14. The ﬁrst of June is my father’s birthday. 13. Several hundred Aztec chiefs escorted The families with young children were Cortés and his forces into the city. allowed to board the plane ﬁrst. 14. An Aztec delegation carrying splendid gifts 15. Outside is the right place for throwing the football, not inside! walked behind Emperor Montezuma II. The children can’t play outside because of 15. An Aztec chief set gifts of golden orna- the dense fog. ments before Cortés.

Prepositions, p. 18 Preposition or Adverb? p. 19 EXERCISE A EXERCISE 1. Joe found a mouse underneath the kitchen Students’ sentences will vary. Sample responses are table. given. ADV 1. 2. If it rains, the picnic will be moved inside You knocked my hat off! the house. The cat jumped off the table. PREP 3. 2. It rolled under the porch. y of the instructor. If we don’t get the supplies in time for the trip, we can do without them. Weave the fabric strips over then under to create a pattern. 4. Jack and Jill tumbled down the hill. ADV 3. There are all sorts of bugs underneath. 5. The first mate took command of the ship Did you look underneath the sofa? when the captain went below deck. 4. We were happy that Sam decided to come EXERCISE B ADV along. 6. In 1519, Hernando Cortés led an expedition Tina planted petunias along the sidewalk. to Mexico. ADV 5. I’m going inside to tell everyone what 7. Under his command were 508 soldiers and you did. 110 sailors. The air inside the cave was cool and moist. 8. After a long voyage he reached Mexico, ADV 6. Go ahead. where a mighty empire had been estab- Julia finished ahead of Cameron in the race. lished by the Aztecs. PREP 7. That hat never fit on my head very well 9. According to historians, Cortés and his anyway. small army had trouble seizing control We cannot move on until we solve the of the empire because of the Aztecs’ sophis- immediate problem. ticated military organization. PREP 8. You can see the barn right past those trees. 10. However, with the help of many enemies They walked past without saying a word. of the Aztecs, Cortés conquered the Aztec PREP 9. Will your hand fit through there? Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit empire in 1521. The task is overwhelming, but somehow we 11. Cortés gathered his troops and dismantled will muddle through. every ship except one. PREP 10. The rabbit quickly scampered over the hill. 12. He then marched toward the Aztec capital, Can you come over after school tomorrow? Tenochtitlan.

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Conjunctions, p. 20 3. I don’t mind playing in the rain, but yuck, I EXERCISE don’t like getting covered with mud. 1. The polar bear is a carnivore and lives 4. Oh, I think it will be fun. almost solely by hunting. 5. Oops! I slipped. 2. Polar bears are wonderfully equipped to 6. Luther, wow, you’ve got mud all over you. exist in the wild, for a dense, white fur cov- 7. Would you, ah, help me get up, please? ers them completely. 8. Hey! Watch out, or you’ll fall, too. 3. Not only does fur grow between the pads on their feet, but also several inches of fat 9. Yikes! Your warning came too late. covers much of their bodies. 10. Well, there’s the whistle, so I guess the 4. Polar bears can both gallop at a speed of up game is about to begin. to twenty-five miles per hour and swim six EXERCISE B Answers will vary widely. Sample responses are given. miles an hour. 11. Ouch! This rose bush is particularly thorny! y of the instructor. 5. Female polar bears can breed every three 12. “Aha!” exclaimed the detective. “This is a years, and they give birth in snow- crucial piece of information.” covered dens. 13. Oh, wow, have you ever seen hair as blue as that before? 6. A den is warmer than the outside air, 14. Sh, the movie’s about to start. for the female bear seals the entry 15. This procedure should take, um, about ten with snow. minutes. 7. The sleeping bear’s heart rate, respiration, Determining Parts of Speech, p. 22 and metabolism drop, and this sleep is a EXERCISE form of hibernation. ADJ 1. Some friends went downtown to see the 8. Unlike that of a deep hibernator, though, latest movie. the polar bear’s temperature remains con- PRON 2. Others went roller-skating at a nearby rink. stant, so the bear can spring into action PRON 3. Is that the rink with all the fancy lights? almost immediately. 4. Another friend has invited us back to his 9. Polar bears have a highly developed sense PREP house for a party. of smell and can detect food up to ten ADJ 5. What should we have for a midnight snack? miles away. 6. Do you think that we will still be up at 10. They are well known for their swimming N midnight? abilities, but they can also run on land at PRON high speeds. 7. The casserole, which is left over from din- Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit ner, tastes better cold than hot. Interjections, p. 21 ADJ EXERCISE A 8. Which sandwich do you prefer? N 1. Hooray! Our soccer team is in the finals. 9. Do you want American or Swiss cheese on 2. Ugh! The field is so muddy. your sandwich?

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PREP 10. Any kind of cheese sandwich is fine of forty-four. [17] At his request, he was buried PREP with me. high on a Samoan mountain. His famous poem N PRON 11. Tonight is my favorite night of the week. “Requiem,” [18] which is inscribed on his tomb, V ADV ends: “Home [19] is the sailor, home from sea, / 12. I volunteer at the nursing home tonight . C ADV [20] And the hunter home from the hill.” 13. He let the dog out an hour ago. V EXERCISE B 14. Call me tomorrow night. 21. ADJ Jules Verne, a nineteenth-century novelist, 15. Do you have a call button beside your bed was one of the first writers of science fiction. at the hospital? 22. C Tales of imaginary voyages and incredible 16. Give him orchids, for they are his favorite. exploits had been popular long before PRON 17. Which do you prefer? Verne’s time. V 18. One dancer mirrors the other in a 23. Verne, however, combined fantastic adven- striking duet. tures with scientific “explanations.” y of the instructor. C 19. We still need more supplies, so we’ll make 24. Several of his novels, including Around the one more trip to the store. World in Eighty Days, are still read today. N 20. Of course, he refused to look in a mirror . 25. Of course, it is now easy to circle the world Review A: Identifying Parts of Speech, p. 23 in eighty days, but modern science has not EXERCISE A yet duplicated the feats described in Verne’s N While yet an obscure young [1] writer, Journey to the Center of the Earth and his Robert Louis Stevenson traveled through Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. Belgium and France by canoe and donkey. His Review B: Identifying Parts of Speech, p. 24 N ADJ [2] account of this trip was his [3] first book, An EXERCISE A V Inland Voyage. Although Stevenson wrote a Before William Shakespeare [1] died in 1616, C ADJ number of plays, articles, [4] and short stories, he had achieved [2] some degree of success as PREP N he is probably best remembered [5] for the a popular [3] playwright and actor. However, PRON N works that children love. Treasure Island, [4] few would have predicted the [5] impact PREP Kidnapped, and A Child’s Garden of Verses have that he has had [6] on our language, literature, ADJ PRON been [6] popular since they were first published. and culture. [7] Many of Shakespeare’s V N Stevenson, who [7] became a writer after [8] expressions have become part of N ADJ studying [8] engineering and law, suffered from [9] everyday speech. Many of his lines are ADJ I ADV [9] ill health all his life. [10] Well, he and his quoted [10] extensively both on stage and off. ADJ PREP wife searched for a [11] heathful climate for the The following lines are [11] among the many ADV PRON C Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit ailing writer. [12] Eventually, [13] they settled that have inspired readers [12] and theatergo- ADJ in the South Seas, on the island of Samoa. ers for the last [13] three centuries: “Neither a ADV V [14] There the natives [15] revered him; they borrower nor a lender be.” “Something is PREP called him Tusitala, which means “teller of rotten in the state [14] of Denmark.” PREP PRON tales.” Stevenson died [16] in Samoa at the age “[15] This was the noblest Roman of them all.”

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I Review C: Identifying Parts of Speech, p. 25 “[16] O, beware, my lord, of jealousy . . . the EXERCISE A green-eyed monster. . . . ” “A horse! A horse! PREP PREP 1. Over a three-month period he was able to My kingdom [17] for a horse!” “Uneasy lies ADV V win her over to his point of view. the head that [18] wears a crown.” “The course V ADJ ADV 2. I believe that I left your book in the drawer of [19] true love [20] never did run smooth.” N on the left. EXERCISE B ADV C PREP 3. They hadn’t expected so many people, so 21. I waited uneasily in the outer ofﬁce until ADV they had to bring in more chairs. the principal called, “Come in!” PRON ADJ N 4. That is not the best place for that lamp. 22. In some folk dances , each participant V V dances separately, improvising steps to the 5. When you chip away at that hard stone, N rhythm of the music. make sure that you don’t get a chip in V your eye. 23. Most drivers stop before turning onto a ADJ EXERCISE B highway, even if there is no stop signal at y of the instructor. 6. the intersection. No one knew the answer to the riddle N posted on the Web site. 24. The hikers took the trail to the left when V 7. they left the campsite. According to the directions on the inside PREP C cover, only two players are needed. 25. All but Joel went to the restaurant, but most 8. did not eat. The student hesitantly qualiﬁed his answer ADV with a shrug. 26. I returned home early because I wanted to N 9. see who was at home. Hold on tightly as you climb to the top of ADV the ladder! 27. As we looked around , we discovered a PREP 10. small shop around the corner. I asked José and Lenora to meet me at the N library, but they both decided to study 28. Blue is my favorite color, so I’m going to ADJ at home. order a blue sweater. PRON ADJ 11. I am quite capable of doing it, thank you. 29. Those fell from those trees. V 12. Errol is looking forward to excavating those. 30. If you hand me that pen, I’ll write the num- N 13. ber in my own hand . In the past, she has encouraged teamwork. 14. That orange suits you. 15. Which orange do you mean? Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit

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Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. ujcsadPeiae,p 27 p. andPredicates, Subjects 12. 11. E E 26 p. Sentences andSentence Fragments, 26 pp. ofaSentence, Parts Chapter 2:The Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 11. 10. E 13. XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 4. 3. 2. 1. Many otherbirds migrateoverthearea. Tobago. magnificent birds inhabitingtheforests of The red-billed tropicbird isoneofthe may spotseveralkindsofexoticbirds. On LittleTobago Island,eagerbird-watchers coastline. Sun-drenched fishingvillagesdotthescenic Buccoo Reef. About ahalfmileoffshore isbeautiful much oftheislandfrom tourism. The Tobago Forest Preserve hasprotected recorded onTobago andTrinidad. Six hundred speciesofbutterflyhavebeen of theoldwaylife. Some islandersare worriedabouttheloss construction ofanairport. needforeconomicgrowth hasledtothe A untouched bythetrappingsofmodernlife. The islandofBequiaremains relatively island onlybyboat. Until recently, touristscouldreach thetiny F S F S F F F A B – 48 7. 6. 5. S S F 15. 14. S S 10. 9. 8. F F F ipeadCmlt ujcs .28 p. Simple andComplete Subjects, 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 10. E 20. XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. the mountainrange. The evergreen rainforest coversthetopof the lowerlevelofmountainrange. The seasonaldeciduousforest extendsto woodlands. rounding beachesare hometothelittoral The coastaledgeoftheislandandsur- The mangrove forest occupiesthewetlands. Tobago. Four typesofforests canbefoundin eating bat,inhabittheisland. Different kindsofbats,includingthefish- types ofsnakes,lizards, andfrogs. Tobagonians share theirislandwithmany are abundantontheislands. Different kindsoftrees, shrubs, andwildlife window. Cool, fresh airblew through theopen The dogjusthadpuppies. head. The large, orangeballbouncedovermy middle. Suddenly, theoldbridgebegantosagin green overnight. The longrainyesterday turnedouryard the shelter. The wet,exhaustedhikerwashappytosee Is The cat’sthickfurwassofttothetouch. Last yearmymothertraveledtoChina. Twenty peopleappliedforthejob. to manytypesoffishandcrabs. The streams ofTobago alsoprovide homes The Hobbit A your favoritebook? 13 L09NAGUMA10_013-022.qxd 12/11/07 2:29 PM Page 14

EXERCISE B EXERCISE B 11. A young boy was wandering alone through 11. Margarette designed a beautiful garden in the large shopping mall. the backyard. 12. The fearful child began to cry. 12. She planted very special tulips along the 13. Several concerned shoppers tried to help edges of the garden. him. 13. One day Margarette went outside to water 14. The frightened child , however, would not the garden. speak. 14. Margarette heard an unusual noise coming 15. Finally, an elderly lady walked up to the from the edges of the garden. child. 15. The tulips were making a soft noise. 16. The kind lady began to tell the child a story. 16. Margarette knelt down near one of the 17. Her long, funny story was about a prince. tulips.

18. The handsome prince had gotten lost on the 17. The tulip talked to Margarette in a soft, y of the instructor. way to see his lady. delicate voice. 19. A beautiful white horse helped the prince 18. A small red tulip was thanking Margarette ﬁnd his way. for watering it! 20. After telling the story, the kindhearted lady 19. The voices of the tulips always amazed helped the child ﬁnd his mother. Margarette.

Simple and Complete Predicates, p. 29 20. After all, not too many people have heard EXERCISE A the gentle voice of a tulip. 1. Nicci and Jackie sat on the porch swing for Complete and Simple Subjects and Predicates, the photograph. p. 30 EXERCISE A 2. Carl lifted the lid of the pot. 1. The Gómez family goes to a nearby park 3. The old barn leaned a little to one side. almost every weekend. 4. The four cowboys walked down the street 2. The two youngest boys enjoy playing in a line. soccer with their friends. 5. One of the players brought her own soccer 3. The older girls prefer to go bird-watching ball to the match. through the park’s beautiful trails. 6. The dog slept on the porch all afternoon. 4. Sometimes the entire family goes hiking 7. The plumber shut off the water under together.

under the sink. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 5. A long day at the park is a favorite pastime 8. We have made our ﬁnal selection from the for the Gómez family.

menu. EXERCISE B 9. Will Carter come to the party on Friday? 6. Modern composer Dan Welcher was born 10. You need this book for class tomorrow. in 1948.

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Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. idn h ujc,p 31 p. Finding theSubject, 10. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. E XERCISE 8. 7. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. exciting modern American composers. Dan Welcher isoneofthemostoriginaland Music. School ofMusicandManhattan Welcher earneddegrees from theEastman Do youknowabouthiswife, FridaKahlo? of Mexicanhistory. Some ofthemuralsshowdifferent aspects Have youseenphotographsofhismurals? States? Which yearswasRiveraintheUnited Here isanarticleaboutRivera. What isthetitleofthatpainting? brochure abouttheartist. There isacopyofthatpicture inthis sense ofcalm? Don’t thosesoftpastelcolorsconveya What doyouthinkofthemutedcolors? tranquility inthatpicture? How doestheartistachievefeelingof women withababy. We lookedatthat paintingoftwoMexican famous. His muralsofMexico’ssocialproblems are Is Riveraknownforanyparticularstyle? ation ofhiswork. The peopleofMexicohaveagreat appreci- performed Welcher’s music. Symphony, andmanyotherorchestras have The ChicagoSymphony, theSt.Louis chamber music. music, includingsymphonies,operas,and Dan Welcher hascomposedmanytypesof E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. E 10. opudSbet,p 33 p. Compound Subjects, h nesodSbet .32 p. The UnderstoodSubject, XERCISE XERCISE 2. 1. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. you Jerome reflected inRivera’sworks.[ There are significantmomentsinhistory cubism? Was heinfluencedbypostmodernismand artist. Several different stylesofartinfluencedthe What kindsofartinfluencedRivera? twentieth century. There havebeenmanygreat artistsofthe Wasn’t Kahloanaccomplishedartist,also? a finaldress rehearsal. The musicians,dancers,and actorsmetfor around inthelarge yard. Sheep, goats,andchickenswandered afternoon. Greta orSheilawillwaterthegarden this have losttheirleaves. The oaks,themaples,andsycamores Either RaoulorMartywillwintheelection. are essentialforgoodhealth. Exercise, ahealthfuldiet,andsufficient rest you you Ginger Karl you you Constance you Rivera’s works.] significant momentsinhistoryreflected in 12. 11. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. Teddy you We you you Paolo you you you Jim or There are 15 L09NAGUMA10_013-022.qxd 12/11/07 2:29 PM Page 16

7. Either Jon or I will wash the dishes tonight. 5. We talked, laughed, and sang during the 8. Did the children and their parents enjoy the long bus ride. camping trip? 6. Have the students researched the issue or 9. Randy, Martha, and Jennifer were the top discussed different possibilities yet? three finishers in the math competition. 7. I will go to the movies, see a play, or visit a 10. Will Monday or Tuesday be a good day for museum this weekend. a meeting? 8. The actress could sing and dance quite well. 11. The police and the fire department 9. Jack put on his coat and went out into the responded to the alarm. snow. 12. Planes, trains, and buses are all means of 10. The entertainer juggled several balls and public transportation. performed acrobatics. 13. Will Victor or Elian answer the question? 11. Will you pack your bags and confirm your

14. The hippos and giraffes crowded around airline reservations today? y of the instructor. the water hole. 12. The audience rose to their feet and 15. Either exercise or an extended vacation will applauded loudly. help relieve your stress. 13. The picnickers gathered the leftovers, 16. The Grapes of Wrath and East of Eden are two collected the trash, and cleaned the tables. novels by John Steinbeck. 14. Next summer we will hike, climb moun- 17. The barn and the front pasture were flood- tains, and ride our bikes in Colorado. ed during the storm. 15. Did Uncle William receive the package and 18. In spite of Roger’s objection, Kelly and examine it? Wilson painted the doghouse bright red. 16. We read the papers, signed them, and 19. John Lennon and Paul McCartney were the mailed them back to the agency. two chief songwriters for the Beatles. 17. Will you come to my house and help me 20. Did Ross, Margaret, and Chen recognize with some repairs? the bicycle? 18. After school, we exercise at the gym and Compound Verbs, p. 34 then do our homework. EXERCISE 19. The customer looked at her receipt and 1. The speech will be televised live at noon asked about her change. and rerun at six. 20. Our grandmother paints, sews, and plays 2. I have finished my research and can now flute quite well. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit write my report. Compound Subjects and Verbs, p. 35 3. The teacher reviewed the material and EXERCISE asked each student a question. 1. Will the players and their team captain 4. I put the plants in the sunlight and watered introduce themselves? them thoroughly.

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Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 3. 2. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. practice early. Jeanette andherbrother willbeatchoir stick, andracedbacktothestart. The fourboysrantotheline,pickedupa the plane? When willthecrew andpassengersboard practice itwithus? Will thecoachteachusanewdrilland singer manyquestionsaboutit. We listenedtothesongandasked dry, andfoldedthemneatly. Jacqui washedtheclothes,hungthemto tions, andlookedaround curiously. The touriststookphotographs,askedques- tennis andthenswaminthelake. Sasha andBorisplayedahard gameof here? Are thecardinals andbluejaysvisiblefrom made ahighgrade. Dietrich studiedhard forhisexamand rode theirbikes. Bob andGenoputontheirhelmets The bookandthemoviewere equallydull. and hungitinthelivingroom. Florentine paintedapicture ofblackdoves Luigi doesn’tswim,run, orcycleveryoften. around thelarge lake. Ducks, geese,andswanswere swimming then cookedthemwithspices. We washedthevegetables,slicedthem,and the proposition andthenvotedagainstit. The membersofthecommitteediscussed Are Maíaand Paularehearsing tonight? water? Did youfeedthecatsandchangetheir opeet,p 36 p. Complements, E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. tired. After thefootballgame,Duaneappeared and maintenanceofroadways. The committeeplannedtheconstruction Did youfindabookaboutreal estateyet? satisfied. After theconcert,musiciansseemed often. I read sciencefictionandmysteriesmost Wanda becameanengineeraftergraduation. exhausted. After alongdayatwork,thenursefelt Have yougivenyourbrother hislunchyet? The pilotcheckedthegaugescarefully. The babysittergavelittleNoraherdinner. This bookisnottheone. Errol isoftenlate. Will Moirasendherpoemtoamagazine? movies. Steve enjoyshorror novelsandaction Bring methebread knife,please. his speech. The candidatesentthereporter acopyof yet? Has Richiesubmittedacollegeapplication The sweaterlooksgreen tome. Send abirthdaycard toyouruncleJohn. box. Stephen mailedhisgrandmotheramusic 17 L09NAGUMA10_013-022.qxd 12/11/07 2:29 PM Page 18

The Subject Complement: Predicate 6. The modern music sounded odd to us. Nominatives, p. 37 7. Does Jorge seem happy in his new home? EXERCISE A 1. Louis is a mathematician and a teacher. 8. The roses from the bush outside smell sweet. 2. Were those two girls the winners? 9. François is satisﬁed with his new job. 3. After years of hard work, she became a superb ballerina. 10. How soft and delicate the baby bird seems! EXERCISE B 4. Should Barney have been the leader of this Answers will vary. Sample responses are given. team? 11. How colorful the sunset is this evening! 5. What an excellent singer she is! 12. Lira often feels hungry after soccer practice. 6. The pianist is a composer, also. 13. As the sky grew darker, the stars grew brighter. 7. Mrs. Woodward became an excellent nurse. 14. Jennifer seems pleased about winning the

8. Her doves’ names are Juliette, Musetta, and award. y of the instructor. Luigi. 15. This ghost story is scarier than I remembered. 9. What a mistake that could have been! 10. My father has been an engineer, a scientist, Subject Complements, p. 39 EXERCISE and a professor. PA 1. Latex becomes rubbery when heated. EXERCISE B Answers will vary. Sample responses are given. 2. Rubber tappers from the Amazon sell latex, 11. My favorite movie star is Myrna Loy. which they extract from rubber trees, to PN 12. The winner of the spelling bee is the second manufacturers; this substance is the basis grader wearing the blue jacket. for many rubber products. 13. Ms. Ozu had been a student assistant PA before she became a teacher. 3. The rubber tappers are mostly poor and PA PN 14. Is Chet the new president of the student uneducated, but they are hard workers. PA council? 4. The ranchers and farmers were greedy for 15. The best day to visit the museum is land and began to burn the rain forest at an Tuesday. alarming rate. The Subject Complement: Predicate Adjectives, PA p. 38 5. These ﬁres were dangerous not only to the EXERCISE A thousands of species of plants and animals 1. Carlos has grown much taller through the of the forest but also to the livelihood of the years. rubber tappers. PN 6. Chico Mendes was a rubber tapper and a 2. Does the soup taste too salty to you? Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit PN member of a workers’ union. 3. How beautiful her voice is! PN PN 7. He became the spokesperson for and a hero 4. The seas appear calm this morning. to the poor rubber tappers. 5. The kitten looked quite content it its new box.

18 ELEMENTS OF LANGUAGE | Fourth Course L09NAGUMA10_013-022.qxd 12/11/072:29PMPage19

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. bet:Drc bet,p 40 p. Objects, Direct Objects: 10. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 13. 12. 11. E 10. E XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Mendes. ranchers andfarmersbecameangrywith took noticeofMendes’smessage,butlocal Environmentalists from around theworld world. Amazon rainforest wasathreat tothe He warnedthatthedestruction ofthe throughout Europe until1352. The bubonicplaguekilled thousands disease. Fleas ontheratsspread adangerous rats intoItalianports. In 1346,tradingshipscarriedinfectedblack King Edward IIIstartedawarwithFrance. King Edward III’ssonwastheBlackPrince. Chaucer andthepoetryofPetrarch. Educated noblesenjoyedthetalesof monastery. Travelers tookshelterinacastleor alchemy. Medieval studentsstudiedthecraftof chivalry, bravery, andhonor. People oftheMiddle Ages respected lady duringtheevents. knightwouldoftenthrow ascarftohis A tournaments. Women insplendid gownsattendedthe great warhorse. He wasasuccessfulwarriorthankstohis The nobleswore steelarmorandhelmets. on December22,1988. local ranchersassassinatedChicoMendes It wasasurprisetotheworldwhentwo DO A B DO PN DO DO DO NDO DO DO DO PN DO PA DO DO NDO DO bet:Idrc bet,p 41 p. Objects, Indirect Objects: bet:Drc n nietOjcs .42 p. Objects, andIndirect Direct Objects: E 15. 14. E 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E 10. XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. r o on oby and for thepicnic? Are yougoingtobuy oftheletter. drinks The flightattendantoffered the a Please send withyour sandwich? anEaster Would youlikea thebirthday Juanita senther Igaveyou? I mailedmy Are youreading the plague. Medieval doctorsfoundnocure forthe It attackedpeopleofallages. h neve ilgv achance to visit thecollege. The interviewwillgive passes. Our pool’slifeguard leftManuelothefree the gavel. The committeechairpersongave Lester loanedMirandaasweater. Please offer cousinTina mycondolences. accident. The drivertoldtheofficer hisversionofthe Thailand. yet? Aunt Mariabrought measouvenirfrom Why don’tyoutellusastory? your oforangejuice, Have yougiven the Franco. Please hand forseveralminutes. The dogchasedits DO DO A A B and snacks. me ODO IO me brother IO DO IO teacher Janice copy drink IO IO DO DO tail pitcher book DO DO plates DO Emily IO answer DO passengers napkins her IO gift. card. DO DO DO IO 19 L09NAGUMA10_013-022.qxd 12/11/072:29PMPage20 at faSnec,p 43 p. ofaSentence, Parts 20 E 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E 10. XERCISE XERCISE 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. before dinner. We finishedourgeometry while she afterthelong lecture. The studentsseemed along was away. forthe Felix wrote bicycle club. Ruth becamethenew from hernovel. Toni Morrisonread theaudienceanexcerpt with acrash. windshield The tree branchstruck thecar’s tray forcommunityservice. The LionsClubawarded Mrs.Rosaasilver the congressional vote. The president signedtheenergy billafter American folksong. Kareem taughthissisteran African the Prize inphysics. earned and Nobel Their discoveryofradiumandpolonium advice. forthe The counseloroffered thestudentssome child’s illness. The doctorprescribed a bone. The petstore andran ownergavethe relays The trackstarjumped opportunity Aerobic dancingprovided usan anewruler. The algebrateacherlent DO DO B DO during themeet. Pierre IO Martha for vigorous exercise. IO Marie Curie tired treasurer PA penicillin hurdles IO her DO IO PN DO letter homework DO puppy DO IO lsiyn etne yProe .44 p. Classifying Sentences by Purpose, 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 3. 2. 1. and stamina of recommended books? a Are thecounselorsgoingtosend Hear thisbeautifulpoembyEmilyDickinson. duringthe Will Jacquelinebeournew beginning ofherperformance. hebecame! The magicianappeared What agreat The sophomores choseanewteam tion was poetrycompeti- The winnerofthisyear’s afteryouaddedthe horseradish. The saladtasted their gloves? Has thecoachgiven somegood advice The principaloffered the IMP DECL INT starlings? Are thoseblackbirds withyellow spots butwecontinuedto play outside. The snowfelt When willTrevor becomea smells afew topracticewith. The soupthatmygrandmothermade and alarge some Ron gave some and We wenttothe shoppingmallandbought a gloating DO DO PN — E — — EET OF LEMENTS candles spicy. How were weabletowin about choosingacollege. Stop gloating DO ! PA We wonbyusingoursuperiorskill ] Carlita. me ODO IO PN pad DO . leader cold, PA PN better L PA ANGUAGE paint, DO vase. . DO [ or nervous players seniors IMP PA IO IO tutor? performer? FourthCourse | PN — PN brushes, ? Stop IO us DO name. DO DO list

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key E E 10. eiwB etnePrs .46 p. Sentence Parts, Review B: .45 p. Sentences andSentence Fragments, Review A: XERCISE XERCISE 6. 5. 4. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. bit DECL DECL INT and fret aboutthe future. In myopinion,oneshouldnotwastetime any certainty. We surely cannotpredict thefuture with worry aboutworldconditions. Even veryyoungboysandgirlssometimes and children. Some ofusare wonderingaboutmarriage What kindsofjobswillwehave? Will wegotocollege? uncertain. To mostofus,thefuture probably seems Do manyofusworryaboutthefuture? S F S F S F S DECL DECL INT IMP I can’tbelievewewon loud ? A — — ! — ] — — — — Oh, whyshouldn’twebragjusta Do youhearthatapplause Keep yourexcitementtoyourself I can’tbelievewewon It’s neverbecomingtobrag Let’s goacceptourtrophy It’s soloud 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. F S S F F F S . [ or ! ] EXCL 17. 16. 15. 20. 19. 18. — . F F S S F S It’s so [ or ? . EXCL . — . eiwC etnePrs .47 p. Sentence Parts, Review C: 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E 10. E 20. 19. 18. 17. XERCISE XERCISE 9. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. to theranch. We sentthemdetaileddirections forgetting from thenearest town. Our homewasaranchaboutthirtymiles invitation immediately. They were happyandacceptedthe visit. We sentthemaninvitationforaweekend students inTexas. At thattimemyfriendswere college place in Arizona. Several yearsagomyfamilyboughtanew future. (You) enjoy thepresent. One shouldplanaheadbutalso interests orlike hertastes. Not manyofmyrelatives share mysister’s carefully. One mustconsidertherecipients’ interests not yours. Gifts forothersshouldreflect theirtastes, tant occasions. In myopinion,birthdaysare veryimpor- for birthdaypresents? How farinadvancedoyouusuallyshop room forthenightinlocaljail. The friendlypolicechiefgavemyfriendsa The onlyhotelintownwasfull. after 6:00 Unfortunately, myfriends arrived intown and thetown. buswastheonlylinkbetweenranch A DO DO PN DO B A Tell meyourthoughtsaboutthe IO IO P . M andmissedthelastbus. . PA PN PN DO DO PA DO IO 21 L09NAGUMA10_013-022.qxd 12/11/072:29PMPage22 eiwD id fSnecs .48 p. KindsofSentences, Review D: 22 E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E 10. XERCISE XERCISE 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. our vacation EXCL for thecampingtrip. They sentusadetailedlistofsuggestions without accompaniment. The group improvised andsang thesong last year. I gavemybrother abookforhisbirthday became thetalkoftown. To theplaywright’ssurprise,hiswork geted uncomfortably. restless duringthelongspeechesandfid- The audienceattheawards dinnergrew allegations ofthedefensecounsel. The jurors carefully considered the during thesummer? Do yougiveyourpetsenoughwater seems longest. The lastmileofaten-milehikealways verse. The haikuisamajorformofJapanese article aboutmedicalethics. The reading assignmentwasaninformative shopper? Would youconsiderajobaspersonal gifts. (You) behind thepresent. Fortunately, allofusrecognize thethought penetrate herconsciousness. Neither subtlehintsnorcandidsuggestions aunt oranuncleisofteninappropriate. Her choiceofgiftforagrandparent oran PN PA B DO Tell meyouropinionsaboutbirthday — What fantasticweatherwe hadon PA IO PN ! IO IO DO PN DO DO DO 10. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. my homework ket thissummer help job good question to speakatthenextassembly anybody’s guess INT DECL INT INT INT IMP feeding theanimals IMP DECL INT to askyourteacher IMP tion ofthatLatinexpression INT number IMP DECL her thisnote IMP EXCL have amedicalschool INT DECL Australia INT EXCL ? — — — — — — — — ? E — — — — — — — — — — — EET OF LEMENTS Would youmindhelpingmewith At whattimedoyougetoff work If necessary, maywecallonyoufor Can yourecommend anyoneforthe Where isthenearest fire station What isthecorrect Englishtransla- Does theUniversityofWashington When didthefirstsettlersarrivein Stop makingallthatnoise permissionbefore Ask theowner’s If youhaveanyquestions,besure In caseofemergency, dialthis Go toMrs.Panico’soffice andgive . How pleasedyourparents mustbe What anexcitingtripthatwas I haveajobatthelocalsupermar- How wewillraisethemoneyisa notedchemisthasbeeninvited A Where themeetingwillbeheldis ? . . ? . . L ANGUAGE . . ? ? FourthCourse | . ! ! ? ? !

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. detv hae,p 51 p. Adjective Phrases, E 50 p. Prepositional Phrases, E 49 p. Phrases, 49 pp. Phrase, Chapter 3:The Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key E 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10 E XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 1. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. Hisfather wrote themusicforthismovie. . phrase Alaska wasonce The nameforthemainland portionof ries oftheUnitedStates. Both Alaska andHawaiiwere onceterrito- from thefilm. The interviewershowedseveralscenes He talkedaboutafilmhehadjustfinished. During arecent newscastIheard Leespeak. The director wore ahatwithlarge X. Lee madeafilmaboutMalcolmX. Lee appearsinsomefilms. films. The videostore nearmyhousecarrieshis He studiedataNew York university. Spike LeewasborninGeorgia. The picture waspaintedbyalocalartist. white shirt. It showedaneighteenth-centurymanina The picture reached abovethesecondstory. wall. An enormouspicture waspaintedonone The busdrove byalarge, red barn. no phrase phrase phrase B A A Alákshak 10. . 9. 8. 7. 6. phrase phrase phrase no phrase – 71 for someitems. identificationofwordsmodifiedmayvary students’ 52 p. Adverb Phrases, 10. E 11. Answers willvary. Sampleresponses are given. E 10. E XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. hunting scenesonthewalls. out tobeacriticalclue. collection Erica lentmetwomagazines singlefingerprint A the crowd The magiciancalledupontwopeople performance. No one The earlyinhabitants magical places. Many peoplefrom alloverenjoythese These are twoofourmostbeautifulstates. unknown. The originofthenameforHawaiiis morning We friedthefishwe hadcaught The kidsremained quietduringthemovie. For thefirsttimeIfeltconfident. We atefresh fruit fordessert. away intheattic. After theholidayweputornaments Mother serveddinneratthekitchentable. flavors. Chinese foodiswell-knownforitsdelicious shelf. Pete foundsomesesameoilonthetop to thiscountry. During thelastcenturymyancestorscame Harry ishelpfulinacrisis. shelves. Please return yourbookstothelibrary B B A Answers willvary. . in theaudience . . Note: Forpages61–62, on themantle of thecaves spoke duringthe from her in the turned drew from 23 L09NAGUMA10_023-033.qxd 12/11/072:29PMPage24 24 10. Answers willvary. Sampleresponses are given. E E 15. 14 13. 12. detv n debPrss .53 p. Adjective andAdverb Phrases, XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. Runasfastyoucan . adjective adjective adverb adverb adverb does, adjectivephrase I countedatleasttwenty guests The moviegoers’heartspounded adverb phrase I enjoycookingfish line, adverbphrase Be sure tosignyourname Did sheblowoutallofthecandles work That actorisquitefamous The deskseemstobebroken phony Do youenjoyplayingtheviolin the excitingcarchase,adverb phrase her cake,adjectivephrase A B . ? 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. rately from eachother. bulging eyesthatmovesepa- horns ontheirheadsand lizards withasmanythree They are funny-looking cells. ed cellscalledmelanophore collecting ordilutingpigment- Chameleons changecolorby ture, andfearofattack. in response tolight,tempera- Madagascar dochangecolor The chameleonsof flage themselves. not changecolortocamou- Madagascar and Africa, do which livemainlyin However, true chameleons, match theirsurroundings. their abilitytochangecolor Chameleons are famousfor ^ . in thecampground, to thecar for hisBroadway ^ . on thebottom in abadway ^ ! in thesym- . ^ in tuxe- . ^ during ? on . atcpe,p 54 p. Participles, E 14. 13. 12. 11. E 10. XERCISE XERCISE 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. repairs. delight, thatonlythecityparkneeded The surprisedtownspeoplefound,totheir damage. relieved neighborscameuptoseethe Several hourslater, thestormabatedand down intheirmildewingbasements. When thestormhit,everyonehunkered chilling stormfrom theiryouth. My grandparents recalled asimilarly boards andfilledsandbags. The worriedtownspeoplehastilynailedup reach ourtown. It wasthefirststorminrecorded historyto storm’s namewasClive. Our excitedmeteorologists toldusthatthe This Beethoven’s problem, however. ( ^ Among pianistFranzLiszt’s were mesmerizingaudiences.( Long before ElvisandtheBeatles, slides. were onceagainplayingontheswingsand Only afewdayslater, delightedchildren together tocutupandstackthebranches. Several dozenenergized volunteersworked ground. Uprooted trees hadfallenontheplay- gestures. ( and begantoconductin wild, extravagant was alsothesoloist,rose from the piano, half-swooning women.( Fainting women were notLudwigvon riveting A B E ^ EET OF LEMENTS composer sometimesforgot thathe rivet ) L ANGUAGE adore adoring FourthCourse | ^ ) fascinating fans were fascinate Faint ^ pianists ) )

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. E 15. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 14. 13. 12. 11. E 10. atcpa hae,p 55 p. Phrases, Participial XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. the candlestickoutof whose jobwastoholdacandle,knocking music thatheaccidentallyjostledaboy Once, Beethovenbecamesoinvolvedinthe poisonous. another plant,thoughtthe vegetablewas Some people,confusingthe potatowith Incas, wasfirstscornedby theEuropeans. This vegetable,onceworshippedbythe potato reached Europe inthe1550s. Discovered bytheSpanishinPeru, the America, isaversatilefood. The potato,firstcultivatedinSouth keys andthebook. She returned tothehouse,remembering the in thebasketwasstillwarm. Covered byaclothnapkin,theloafofbread crouched lowinthegrass. The cat,seeingmovementinthebushes, unusual insectonthesidewalk. Stopping totiemyshoelace,Inoticedan slept soundlythatnight. The hikers,exhaustedbythelongclimb, presented theflags. Fifteen men,clothedinmilitaryuniforms, needed repairs. The powerlinesdamagedbythestorm quickly. Given allthefacts,wereached ourdecision ished thestew. Chopping thecarrots quickly, thecheffin- is unique. This bowl,carvedinthehillsofTennessee, ( embarrass B A ) embarrassed ^ boy’s hand. atcpe n atcpa hae,p 56 p. Phrases, andParticipial Participles E 15. 10. XERCISE 4. 3. 2 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. Bythetwelfthcentury, aprogram challeng- . uncles. tered inthehousesofinfluentialfriendsor Leaving theirfamilyhomes,theywere fos- age. began trainingforknighthoodatayoung Boys growing upinnoblehouseholds required tobecomeaknight. Few peopleknowabouttheprocess minerals. providing adultswithvariousvitaminsand Actually, potatoesare quitenutritious, fast feast. on hisbestclothesandwentintoabreak- Now calledan of hislord. his sword, blessedbyapriest,totheservice He spentthenightinchapelandoffered white andred. freshly bathed,putonceremonial robes of The ritualusuallybeganwhenthesquire, hood. was ready toundergo initiationintoknight- trained inartsofdefense,theyoungman At abouttheageoftwenty-one,well- squire. and ride,afourteen-year-old becamea Demonstrating hisabilitytohunt,fence, needed tocarryheavyarms. and exercised tobuildthemusculature The boyslearnedetiquette,cared forhorses, developed. ing tobothmindandbodyhadbeen acolyte , theyoungmanput 25 L09NAGUMA10_023-033.qxd 12/11/072:29PMPage26 26 E 57 p. Gerunds, XERCISE object ofa object ofa object ofa object ofa object ofa object ofa preposition preposition preposition preposition preposition preposition nominative nominative predicate predicate subject subject subject subject object object direct direct 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. endurance. sport, demandsphysical Swimming, anotheraquatic graceful sport! Figure skatingiscertainlya medals intumbling? Which contestantswon Wasn’t herforte golfing? running? Zaharias bestknownforher Was Olympian Babe thrill ofcycling! For me,nothingbeatsthe and isquitegoodatit. Petra prefers water-skiing strength. leisurely, sailingalsorequires Although itmayseem exercise iswalking. more leisurely formof A a lotofhiking. Avid bird-watchers oftendo exercise. offer opportunitiesfor Even bird-watching can the onlymeansofstayingfit. Sports, however, are not expense. require planningand Some kindsofexercise and forpleasure. way ofexercising forhealth Every personshouldfinda eudPrss .58 p. Phrases, Gerund 10. E XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. nominative predicate source ofcreative ideas. Daydreaming about problems canbea Chad addedit. Instead ofsubtractingtheservicecharge, sense ofpride. Achieving aperfectscore gaveMollya with alocalband. My favoriteweekendactivityissinging fun. Sweating overahotstovein August isnot You willenjoymeeting Hatim. accidents. Skidding onwetpavementcausesmany while. I don’tmindshovelingsnowonceina to ourgraduation. Our reason forcallingyouistoinvite me. Jumping outofairplanessoundsscaryto indirect subject subject subject object object direct E EET OF LEMENTS 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. S S S S require effort andenergy. household chores also Vacuuming andother working provides exercise. For somepeople,ofcourse, yardwork ismowing. My leastfavoritekindof need raking. In thefall,fallenleaves workout. arms andshouldersareal Hoeing givesaperson’s gardening atry. On weekends,give S L ANGUAGE OP DO OP DO FourthCourse | PN

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. eud n eudPrss .59 p. Phrases, andGerund Gerunds 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. XERCISE 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. from thebridge. His ideaofapleasantSaturday isfishing to amovie. After diningatanicerestaurant, theywent lying outunderthestars is pleasure enough. For moststargazers, however, anight of kind offametotheseskywatchers. first personorpeopletosightthembringsa The traditionofnamingcometsafterthe persistent skywatchers. Discovering acometisthedream ofafew in photographingthestars. Some amateurastronomers alsoinvesttime charts tolearnthelayoutofsky. One otherhelpfulactivityisstudyingstar opening theirobservatoriestothepublic. Also, manycollegeshaveapracticeof get started. Buying agoodtelescopeiswayto ponents atthefactory. Her part-timejobispackingcomputercom- night. Mike doesn’tlikewaitingforthebusat whelming. Choosing acollegetoattendcanbeover- dough fortenpizzas. His armswere sore afterkneadingthe biographies. My hobbiesincludereading mysteriesand get thefreshest produce. By shoppingearlyinthemorning,wewill Nicole’s sistersenjoyskatinginthepark. caroling atthehospital. One serviceclub’sholidayproject is A PN S OP S OP S OP OP OP OP DO DO DO OP PN PN PN atcpa hae n eudPrss .60 p. PhrasesParticipial Phrases, andGerund 14. 13. 12 11. Answers willvary. Sampleresponses are given. E 10. E 15. XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Somegardeners enjoydebatingthechoice . gardening magazines. Some gardeners benefitfrom subscribingto is snoozinginthehammock. pleasantwaytoendadayinthegarden A activity. Planting agarden isanotherrelaxing ors amongthestars. The skyisfilledwiththestreaking ofmete- right time! an hour, simplybybeingoutsideatthe Sometimes youcanseeuptofortymeteors ing meteorshowers. Several timesayear, peoplecanenjoyview- his newtoys. Smiling proudly, thelittleboypointedto rent dictionary. Searching forananswer, Ilookedin acur- lot offun. Going tothebeachthissummerwillbea thanked ourhosts. After dinner, feelinghappyandfull,we identifying typesofflowers. In botanyclass,webecamequitegoodat wanted togetone. Pointing atthepuppy, Jim saidhereally different restaurants. The problem ischoosingamongsomany Eating outinTokyo isfun. one’s owngarden isatreat! Tasting thefirstvegetablesharvestedfrom of plantsfortheirbeds. B P G P P G G P G OP OP DO 27 L09NAGUMA10_023-033.qxd 12/11/072:29PMPage28 nntvs .61 p. Infinitives, 28 E 20. 19. 18 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. XERCISE 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. Sortingthrough theoldphotographs,we . That’s aproject to beginearly! tory class. I alsoneedtocompleteanessayformyhis- I intendtostudyformynextalgebraexam. I oftenuseacalculatortocheckmywork. mine. To succeedinmathis aspecialgoalof answer myquestionsaboutspelling. The dictionaryisonthenextshelf,ready to hand. I liketokeepmystaplerandtaperightat the paintoff thewoodwork. My leastfavoritepartofthisjobisscraping dark water, approached itsprey. The alligator, glidingsilentlythrough the My cousinactuallyenjoystakingtests. least anhour. Decorating thisbirthdaycakewilltakeat out ofthestore. Quickly payingforthegroceries, sheran out tomeetus. The dog,waggingitstailwildly, bounded the topfour. The teamhasaslimchanceoffinishingin ming thedoorbehindhim. The littleboystompedintohisroom, slam- Buying ausedcarrequires research. least favoritethingtodo! It’s toobadthatpreparing sushiisMom’s I havealwaysenjoyedeatingsushi. found aportraitofourgrandfather. adverb subject A direct object direct object G direct object G P adjective P P G adverb P G G G G P nntv hae,p 62 p. Infinitive Phrases, 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. Answers willvary. Sampleresponses are given. E 10. E XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. To buildtheirownhouseisdream. clothes! Oh, my, howIhatetoiron mycotton over acountoften. This exercise requires youtoexhale slowly I wouldliketodescribemyusedcaryou. thought. To planagoodvacationtakestimeand with mystudyhabits. I amsure toexcelinmyclassesifIstick challenge. To concentrateforanhourissometimesa me ofhowmuchstudytimeremains. I keepanalarmclockonmydesktoremind glove makerinStratford-on-Avon. He isknowntohavebeen thesonofa about Shakespeare’s life. Scholars are stillcurioustolearnmore the partofHamlet. Many famousactorshavewantedtoplay To seeaplaystagedcan beagreat pleasure. many plays. He alsotriedtoincludemusicandsongsin bored, Shakespeare includedcomicscenes. To prevent theaudiencefrom becoming performed. However, mostpeopleliketoseetheplays sixteenth-century expressions. They findithard tounderstandthe writing isachallenge. For some,theattempttounderstandhis B A subject E EET OF LEMENTS S adverb ADV L ANGUAGE ADV ADV DO FourthCourse | ADJ ADV DO adverb DO

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. nntvsadIfiiiePrss .63 p. Infinitives andInfinitive Phrases, 14. 13. 12. 11. Answers willvary. Sampleresponses are given. E 10. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key E 15. XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. tainly amemorableline! an actor. His goalwastobebothaplaywrightand hopefulness. My goalistoimitatetheir hard workand vegetables forthefamily’stable. managed toraisecorn,potatoes,andother I nevermetthem,butamtoldthatthey farm. imagine howhard theyworkedontheir I uselookingatthispicture asawayto on mygreat-grandparents’ porch. The photographerchosetotakethepicture my great-grandparents. I liketostudytheold,crumbling photoof to remind usoftheimportanceourpast. We keepmany family pictures inourhouse er ofourgoals. To record thegrowth of ourfamilyisanoth- anything butbeautifulwouldbelying! Of course,tocallmyownbabypictures pictures. The pictures toseeare myfamily’sbaby read thelineswell,butittakespractice! I thoughtatfirstthatitwouldbeeasyto “To sleep,perchance todream” on yesterday inrehearsal. The linestonoticeare theonesIstumbled ror sothatIcanseethemwhiledressing. It mighthelptofastenthelinesmymir- To forget thelineswouldbeadisaster. B ADJ S ADJ ADV DO DO PN S PN — DO that’s cer- eblPrssA .64 p. Verbal Phrases A, E 10. 13. 12. 11. E 10. XERCISE XERCISE 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. goatherd noticedhisgoatsactingstrangely. century. production in Arabia bythefifteenth The newlydiscovered coffee wasunder of hisdiscovery. feeling theeffects ofthecaffeine, toldothers The berrieswere coffee berries,andKaldi, eating. ed theberriesofabushgoatshadbeen Investigating thegoats’behavior, Kalditast- The storyisthatabout850 around forever. to theconclusionthatcoffee hasn’tbeen Learning aboutthehistoryofcoffee ledme enterprising couple. I oftenpausetothinkaboutthisbraveand meet. He setagoalofsucceeding atthetrack mode oftransportation. Creeping alongplantsisthecaterpillar’s in circles. One waytobecomedizzyisspinquickly to drinkcoffee withfriends. Some people’sideaofapleasanttimeis papers, talkingaboutthelatestnews. People sippedtheircoffee andread news- 1700s. was aprimeformofentertainmentinthe Drinking coffee inthenewcoffeehouses as abeveragebutalsomedicine. Some peoplestartedusingcoffee notonly teenth andseventeenthcenturies. Europe hadtowaitforcoffee untilthesix- A B Answers willvary. PP IP PP PP GP GP PP ADV IP A . D GP ., an Arab PP 29 L09NAGUMA10_023-033.qxd 12/11/072:29PMPage30 eblPrssB .65 p. Verbal Phrases B, 30 12. 11. E 10. E 15. 14. XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. true. could notbelievethatour dreams hadcome Our garageband,recording our firstCD, pendence. Driving acarisbigsteptowards inde- assistance. knowledgeand school counselor’s Another optionistotakeadvantageofyour education theywillgain. their fouryearsofcollegemustfocusonthe In theend,however, studentsconsidering dents toblowoff steam. The excitementofagoodgamehelpsstu- in thethroat isfun. Cheering yourteamonuntilyouare hoarse school withagoodsportsprogram, too. Of course,there isnoharminconsideringa opportunities. new friendsatcollege,alsoexaminesocial Some students,lookingforward tomaking program isalwaysagoodchoice. collegerenowned foritsstrong academic A colleges inyourstateortoprivatecolleges. You maywanttonarrow yourchoicesto describe colleges. You canstartbyreading booksthat sophomore yearofhighschool. I startedtothinkaboutthechoiceinmy amazed hush. Entering thevastcavern,wefelltoan entrance ofthejudge. The audiencerose toacknowledgethe A B Answers willvary. IP IP GP GP PP IP PP IP PP GP poiie,p 66 p. Appositives, E 15. 14. 13. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. XERCISE 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. are myfavorites. The hottestmonths,June,July, and August, Yo-Yo Ma. We especiallywanted tohearthecellist suits topress. We gavethedrycleaner, Mr. Nowlin,our fur. The puppy, aPomeranian,hadlong,wavy the story. made sure thattheaudienceunderstood Pronouncing theirwords clearly, theactors piece ofcantaloupe! Don’t eventrytodenythatyouatethelast them. The hardest thing aboutsecrets iskeeping Urn”? Who wrote the poem “OdeonaGrecian cello andviola. Dr. Renwick,theviolinteacher, alsoplays We’ve lookedeverywhere forourdogJake. is nowamuseum. The house,aturn-of-the-centurymansion, minds constantly. The lastdayofexams,Friday, isonour board. My friend Anandi islearningtosnow- each yearforIndependenceDay. Terrill Park,myhometown,holdsaparade research colleges. My mentor, JaneGalway, ishelpingme to brandhisanimals. Samuel Maverick,acattlerancher, refused Timmy Roybal,aPueblo. The bookdetailstheactivitiesof E EET OF LEMENTS L ANGUAGE FourthCourse |

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. poiiePrss .67 p. Appositive Phrases, 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 11. 10. E 20. XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. stood inthecenteroftable. The dessert,amagnificentchocolatecake, Sam, lookslikehisgrandfather. The youngerofthetwoboysinthatfamily, due yesterday. This book,acollectionof shortstories,was the dustycorner. The piano,aneglectedoldspinet,stoodin garden border. Oxalis, aclover-like plant,makesacolorful favorite storyamongchildren. well-knownfolktale,“BeanSoup”isa A tion heldbymanypeople,isbaseless. Fear ofwalkingunderladders,asupersti- for acharacterinGreek mythology. Charon, thetinymoonofPluto,isnamed left overfrom thestate’sminingdays. We traveledtoHorseshoe City, atinytown still runs welldespiteitsage. Our familycar, arusty 1991stationwagon, to mygrandmotherbyhermother. The goldring,afamilyheirloom,wasgiven worthy pursuit. collegeeducation,adream ofmany, isa A writer, isremembered forher wit. Dorothy Parker, thepoetandshort-story see youinhisoffice. Mr. Galven,theassistantprincipal,wantsto room, tooksixmonths. The additiontotheirhouse,anextrabed- for tendays. He musttakethismedicine,anantibiotic, weekend. You shouldcallyourauntSarahthis poiie n poiiePrss .68 p. Appositives andAppositive Phrases, 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. E 20. XERCISE 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. grew upinNorthDakota. My mother, theeighthofelevenchildren, should winseveralawards. That movie,oneofthebestI’veeverseen, now ragedoutofitsbanks. Usually aslow, shallowstream, thecreek gallery. bestwork,are ondisplayinthe potter’s Three bowlsandaplatter, examplesofthe hot-air balloonists,wasfascinating. The magazinearticle,afeature storyabout town, islinedwithshopsandrestaurants. Central Avenue, themain street ofthe used tobeafraidofflying. My cousin,nowaprivatepilotin Alaska, by thenewspaper, isopentoallstudents. The essaycontest,oneofseveralsponsored known constellation,on February 18,1930. Tombaugh locatedPlutoinGemini,awell- Lowell Observatory. Tombaugh, anamateur astronomer atthe In fact,itwasdiscovered byClyde official planet,forverylong. planet, whichwasdowngradedfrom an We havenotknownaboutthisdwarf one dayandnight,takes6.39Earthdays. On thisdwarfplanet,acompleterotation, est neighbor, Neptune. at timesbringsitinsidetheorbitofitsnear- in thesolarsystem,althoughitssteeporbit Pluto wasonceconsidered theninthplanet dent, isdeterminedtoexcelinmath. Jeremy, until recently an unexceptionalstu- 31 L09NAGUMA10_023-033.qxd 12/11/072:29PMPage32 eiwA hae,p 69 p. Phrases, Review A: 32 10. E 10. XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. very helpful. Her explanationofstress andanxietywas clear thinking. Too muchworryabout atestcanprevent No oneinthatsituationcanperformwell. for anyone. Too muchworry, shetoldme,isunhealthy very calmlyabouttesttaking. Although shewasconcerned,talked explained thevalueofalittleanxiety. One daymymothersatdownand much ofmyappetite. I hadbecomeverytense,andlost exams. I hadbecomequiteupsetaboutmyfinal spring. My motherdiscussedthiswithmelast upset. During atestIusedtobecomenervousor tion isdiscovered aboutthemallthetime. with thebesttelescopes,butmore informa- Pluto andCharon are difficult tosee,even world. man whorowed thedeadintounder- dreaded characterinGreek myth,theferry- Fittingly, littleCharon isnamedaftera Greco-Roman godoftheunderworld. The dwarfplanetisnamedafterPluto, moon, brought thisideaintoquestion. The discoveryofCharon, Pluto’stiny with manymoons. were anescapedmoonofNeptune,aplanet For atime,scientistswondered ifPluto ADV A ADV ADJ ADJ ADV ADJ ADJ ADJ ADV ADV eiwB hae,p 70 p. Phrases, Review B: 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E E 20. 19. XERCISE XERCISE 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. practice herarmmovements. Standing inshallowwater, shewouldthen pool, kickingherfeet. In class,shewouldclingtothesideof enroll inanewclasseachfall. Undaunted bypastfailures, shewould spending manyyearsinclasses. My sister, forinstance,cannowswimafter basic technique. Eventually somesucceedinmasteringthe to becomegoodswimmers. Others, however, tryagainand from it. Some ofthem,fearingthewater, stayaway the water. Many peopleneverlearntostayafloatin built thepigeonsasnug house. Using somewoodfrom myworkroom, I That wasverysurprising tome. pigeons init. Instead, Ispottedanestwithtwolittle had expected. To mysurprise,Idid not findthekittenI most oftheafternoon. I begananextensivesearch andwasted I tookasaucerofmilkandwentupstairs. whole litter. The criesIheard were loudenoughfora At firstIthoughtheard kittens. to beginagain. Then shewouldworkuphernerve ended bypaddlingslowlytotheside. In deepwater, though,shesometimes ADV B A E ADV INF EET OF LEMENTS A T PAR A T PAR A T PAR INF ADJ GER ADJ L ANGUAGE A T PAR GER ADV ADJ FourthCourse | ADJ INF GER ADV

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. eiwC hae,p 71 p. Phrases, Review C: 13. 12. 11. E 10. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. XERCISE XERCISE 9. 4. 3. 2. 1. as pets. Unfortunately, theyare skittishandflighty such luxury. Few oftheneighborhood birds canboast furiously. At 8:00 I alsoridemybike own. I enjoythefreedom Bicycling through thecountryside friends isanotheroption. Giving luffas asgiftstoyourfamilyand crop towashthedishes. You mightuseotherluffas from thesame cious treat. and sweetpotatoes,youcanprepare adeli- Combining someoftheluffas withapples luffa crop. Consider thebenefitsofgrowing asingle make sponges. Left onthevines,gourds eventually gourds maybeharvestedandeaten. Sun-ripened inabouteightydays,the produce manygourds. Plants nurtured bythesunflourishand from seeds. It takesabouttendaysforvinestosprout a large crop. Many peopleare quitesuccessfulatraising It iseasytogrow luffa gourds. favorite hobbyofmine. ADV A B A T PAR A . M ., Iamonmyway, INF A T PAR A T PAR GER ADJ GER INF A T PAR to school. PREP to getaround onmy INF GER pedaling A T PAR is a INF GER 11. E 10. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. of therequirements forgraduation. than tenfeetfrom theedgeofpool. Swimming thelengthofpool money foranall-terrainbike. Nevertheless, Iamtrying to mygoodfaithinthematter. Three years’worthofrepairs attests erly oiled. me promise tokeepWheelscleanandprop- Carlos, made Affectionately dubbedWheels, is notwellsuitedforlong-distanceriding. My current bike, keep mefrom Neither rainnorheatbarkingdogs challenge thatsheacceptedandmet. In hercase,swimmingseemed swimming requirement. My sisterpersisted, mean He convincedherthatswimmingdidnot problem. became interested inmysister’s The instructor, ing and Nevertheless, shewouldtryagain,advanc- Despite herintentions, friends standingby She wouldjumpintothepoolwithher To mysister, college, This requirement, belonged toCarlosRamirez. PREP B risking herlife. PREP a formerneighborofmine, was easyformanystudents. improving eachtime. GER PREP A T PAR it wasadifficult challenge. GER riding mybikedaily. a sympatheticperson, A T PAR an oldthree-speed model, a longtimerule atthe APP to cheerheron. finally passingthe GER APP she nevergotfarther INF to saveenough A T PAR APP APP INF to bea it originally INF was one 33 L09NAGUMA10_034-043.qxd 12/11/072:30PMPage34 34 10. E 72 p. Clauses, 72 pp. Clause, Chapter 4:The XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. woman whosocarefully tendsthem. and thefragrantplantsbringjoyto to Harriet’shouseandherneighborhood, The indoorandoutdoorflowersaddbeauty small cuttings. only plantinthegreenhouse wasjoinedby Soon, thegardenia bushthathadbeenthe top greenhouse ofplantstakesandplastic. was abirthdaygift,shefashionedtable- Inspired bythebeautifulgardenia bushthat house. porch, whichfacessouth,intoagreen- flowers inagreenhouse, Harrietturnedher After reading anarticleaboutgrowing has noflowersforhertoenjoy. covered withsnowduringthewinterand Since HarrietlivesinIllinois,hergarden is daughter andgranddaughter? from thatbushandhasgiventhemtoher Did youknowthatshehastakencuttings yard. was takenfrom arosebush inhermother’s ety, grows from afifty-year-old cuttingthat Her favoriterosebush, ared, climbingvari- ly allsummer. ferent varieties ofroses thatbloomprofuse- Harriet’s backyard isbordered bymanydif- loves thosewithabeautifulfragrance. She isfondofallflowers,butsheespecially loved flowers. Ever sinceshewasayounggirl,Harriethas - 93 needn lue,p 73 p. Independent Clauses, E 10. XERCISE 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. impending hurricanes. forecast thesize,strength, andtimingof orologists because,from thedata,theycan Collecting datafrom thestormshelpsmete- storm isclassifiedasahurricane. storm windsreach 74milesperhour, the becomes atropical storm,andwhenthe 32 milesperhour, the depression officially When windsofatropical depression reach called atropical depression. may grow andformanarea oflowpressure Hurricanes beginaseasterlywaves,which over oceansneartheUnitedStates. gists keepacloseeyeonstormsystems During thehurricaneseason,meteorolo- States. which mosthurricanesoccurintheUnited June toNovember, themonthsduring Pay attentiontoweatherforecasts from canes canmeasure 300milesacross. Evacuating canbedifficult becausehurri- for thedurationofstormorevacuate. Residents candecidewhethertheywillstay who liveinflood-prone areas. is thetimewarningsgivetoresidents One ofthebenefitshurricaneforecasting by thestormsurge. area alongthewaterfront maybeflooded severe damage,acommunitylyinginlow Even ifahurricane’swindsdonotcause large waves,whichare calledstormsurges. more than200milesperhour, theyproduce Since hurricanescanhavewindspeedsof E EET OF LEMENTS L ANGUAGE FourthCourse |

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. needn n uodnt lue ,p 75 p. Independent andSubordinate ClausesA, E 74 p. Subordinate Clauses, Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key E 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. E XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 1. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. he boughtlastweekendatthebeach. Samuel justfinishedreading thebookthat IND IND She drawsthecartoonsthatare soweird. I couldn’tremember whattheanswerwas. Dad wantedacarthatusedverylittlegas. baseball game. When thefieldiswet,wehavetocancel Here isthebookthatyouwant. I don’tknowwhoCarsonMcCullersis. borrow Melanie’s. Because IhadlentJuliusmybook,to one rule. The interviewwillgowellifyouremember He isanartistwhopaintsbillboards. our decision. Since thehourislate,let’spostponemaking the symphonyconcertonSaturday night? Do youknowwhointheclasswillattend class onFriday. an award, willpresent herresearch tothe North American birds wasnominatedfor Margaret, whoseessayonindigenous the backyard wasoriginallyplanted? Have youeverwondered whenthattree in soon asshearrivesfrom theairport. We willintroduce Madeleinetoeveryoneas A B A DO VIO DOSV SVPA SVPA 4. 3. NSV S PN SUB IND SV DO S NS PN SV VDO VPASV 5. DO S IND V V needn n uodnt lue ,p 76 p. Independent andSubordinate ClausesB, h detv lueA .77 p. The Adjective ClauseA, Sentences willvary. Sampleresponses are given. Exercise B E 10. E XERCISE XERCISE 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 4. 3. IND SUB before summer break. have onlyabouttwomore monthsofschool After Icomebackfrom springbreak, I’ll knows. What Iwishforeveryday, nooneelse live here. more aboutitthansomeonewhodoesn’t Because Iliveinthistown,thinkknow my brother andsisterwhodon’tlikepasta. ner, we’re alsogoingtohaveacasserole for Although weare havingspaghettifordin- few piecesoflitterandthrow themaway. Whenever youwalkinthepark,pickupa last weekisnonrefundable. The airlinetickettoChicagothatIbought cousin? Have youmetEmily, whoisGreg’s first of Culinary Arts. restaurant chef,hasenrolled attheInstitute Marcos, whoseambitionistobecomea The weaverswhomwemetliveinCuzco. like. That crispyshrimpdishhasasaucethatI go inside. Those peoplewhoalready haveticketsmay wonderful. The band,whichIhadheard before, was The housethatweboughtneedswork. SUB SUB 6. 5. 7. SUB IND SUB 10. 9. 8. SUB IND IND 35 L09NAGUMA10_034-043.qxd 12/11/07 2:30 PM Page 36

E 9. The subject on which Dr. Kolar will be 9. The number of meals that are delivered speaking Thursday is the art and science of every day is in the millions. repairing computers. 10. The recipients of the meals not only receive N 10. This is the scenic overlook where you can nutritious food, which helps to keep them see the rolling hills on the left, the ﬂat healthy, but they also receive the beneﬁt of prairie on the right, and our beautiful city human contact with the volunteers.

straight ahead. Relative Pronouns, p. 79 The Adjective Clause B, p. 78 EXERCISE EXERCISE 1. Jesse Owens, whose real name was James 1. Meals on Wheels, a volunteer organization, Owens, was a great athlete. delivers hot, nutritious meals to people 2. His birth, which was in 1913, took place on E who are unable to shop and cook for them- a farm in Alabama. selves.

3. The place where he first showed indications y of the instructor. E 2. The nutrition programs that we know of being a fast runner was junior high today can trace their roots back to World school. War II. 4. One race, when he ran extraordinarily well, E 3. During the war, people in England whose stands out. homes were bombed often lost their 5. People remember the 100-meter dash that kitchens. he ran in 10.3 seconds. 4. The Women’s Volunteer Service for Civil 6. At the 1936 Olympics, which were held in Defense cooked and delivered meals to E Germany, Owens won four gold medals. people who no longer could cook at home 7. Owens became the athlete every other ath- for themselves. N lete in track and field tried to emulate. 5. The hot meals, which the women delivered whom [or that] to the people with no cooking facilities and 8. Owens had a stunt that he sometimes per- also to military personnel, came to be formed. known as Meals on Wheels. E 9. He would race against a racehorse, which 6. Where did the first American program that was actually faster than he was. delivered meals to homebound senior citi- 10. Because the firing of the gun that was used zens begin? to start the race usually caused the horse to 7. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is the city E balk, Owens would win many of the races. where the home-delivered meal service was Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit pioneered. The Adverb Clause A, p. 80 EXERCISE 8. Who would have believed that the N 1. When we got out of the traffic jam, we all program, which began serving only seven relaxed. senior citizens, would grow to serve so many?

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Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. h debCas ,p 81 p. The Adverb ClauseB, Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key E 10. XERCISE 3. 2. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. your pictures. When youreturn from yourtrip,showus in where angelsfeartotread.” According to Alexander Pope,“Foolsrush practicing theQuakerreligion. dom becausehehadbeenpersecutedfor founded tobeahavenforreligious free- William Pennplannedforthecitythathe Brotherly Love. a weekinPhiladelphia,theCityof When Iwastwelve,myfamilyandspent for theweekend. ed thatyouhavefinishedyourhomework You maygotothe concertSaturday provid- job isverysmall. every taskaswellyoucan,evenifthe My motherbelievesthatyoushoulddo time. twice, hewentoverthematerialathird Even thoughJohnhadread thechapter ing thevisit. would haveaplacetoputherclothesdur- ers ofthedresser sothathergrandmother arrival, Marissaemptiedthetwotopdraw- In preparation forhergrandmother’s because neithersidewaslistening. hour, buttheycould notresolve theissue They discussedtheproblem foralmostan at theairportbynoon. Unless someonenotifiesyou,youshouldbe everyone listened. While Mr. Thundercloud read thepoem, uodntn ojntos .82 p. Subordinating Conjunctions, E 10. XERCISE 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 1. 9. 8. not certain. the houseon Arch Street, although theyare sewed thefirstflagofUnitedStatesin Historians believethatin1777BetsyRoss Hall, Carpenters’andCongress Hall. tourists visittheLibertyBell,Independence If Iamnotmistaken,everyyearmillionsof ment? were rebelling againsttheBritishgovern- capital ofthecolonieswhilepatriots Did youknowthatPhiladelphiawasthe signed there. of IndependenceandtheConstitutionwere the UnitedStatessincebothDeclaration Philadelphia isconsidered thebirthplaceof Hall. er thanPenn’sstatue,548feetatopCity tion prohibited structures from beinghigh- Until itwasabolishedin1984,acityregula- findings. After Kylereturned, hereported his the downtownarea are. 1600s, are evenolderthanthebuildingsin was settledbytheSwedesinearly I believethebuildingsinSouthwark,which 1700s. occupied continuouslysincetheearly thirty-five brickhousesthathavebeen sites, fewcompare toElfreth’s Alley, about Even thoughIhavevisitedmanyhistoric in 1727. Christ Church, whichwasbuiltbeginning you willfindsuchfamousstructures as Wherever yougointhehistoricdistrict, 37 L09NAGUMA10_034-043.qxd 12/11/07 2:30 PM Page 38

2. Magdelena made an important announce- 20. As long as you are getting the car washed, ment before the bell rang. would you please go to that station where 3. As soon as the weather warms up, let’s go we went last week and get five gallons of camping. gas? 4. We visited my grandmother whenever we Adjective and Adverb Clauses, p. 83 could. EXERCISE A ADJ 1. The two waterfalls that form Niagara Falls 5. We’ll leave a light on until you return from are the Horseshoe Falls in Ontario and the the game. American Falls in New York. 6. Wherever I go, my dog follows. 2. Niagara Falls was carved about twelve 7. The group sang while they waited for the ADV thousand years ago when Lake Erie over- school bus. flowed and formed the Niagara River. 8. After we washed the car, we had a water ADV 3. For centuries, as the river flowed over the fight. y of the instructor. land to a high cliff, the water cut through 9. Please answer every question if you can. the earth and eventually formed the falls. 10. Michael ran as if someone were chasing 4. The falls have cut a gorge about two hun- him. ADJ dred feet deep that extends for seven miles 11. Although we planned to arrive early, the past the falls. traffic was heavy and we were late. 5. The water continues to erode the soft rock ADV 12. We won’t start dinner until you arrive. under the falls so that the ledges of the falls 13. I understood the situation better after we wear away at a rate of one inch to six feet discussed it. per year, depending on the volume of 14. We will go shopping tomorrow whether it water. is snowing or not. EXERCISE B ADJ 6. 15. Unless we have a late freeze, the peaches Josh’s father, who works at the library, loves should do very well this year. all types of music. ADV 7. 16. Even though he had taken the day off, Eric In fact, as long as I have known him, Mr. still worked diligently at home. Redmond has played an acoustic guitar. ADV 8. 17. The veterinarian said to keep the dog quiet Even though he is very talented, Mr. so that its incision would have a chance to Redmond plays only for his family and heal. friends. ADV 9. Unless you know him well, you might ask,

18. You can borrow the one hundred dollars Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit provided that you pay it back in one “Why doesn’t he become a professional month. musician?” 10. He explains that the noise level of the clubs 19. Please call me soon because I need to make ADJ plans for our trip. is too loud for his hearing, which is very acute.

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Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. h onCas ,p 85 p. The NounClauseB, E 84 p. The NounClauseA, Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key E 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. E XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 1. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. temple. This iswhatyoushouldwearinsidea fact. very conservativewasnot awidelyknown That thecandidatefor Senateoffice was how youwouldthinkthat. Although Idon’tagree withyou,Icansee obvious. That themilkwassourimmediately the race. I wasverysurprisedbywhathappenedin yet. The problem wasthat Aaron hadn’tarrived I haveforgotten where Ileftmykeys. know aboutcomputers. My parents are veryimpressed bywhatI His fearisthathewillforget hislines. Whatever Ms.Wing wantsisfine. We’ll givewhoever islefttheprize. you. What youdecidetodoiscompletelyup laugh. I havealwaysbelievedthatpeopleliketo tograph people. I understandthatneedpermissiontopho- honored. Whoever isoffered fresh coconutisbeing ple elephant. We don’tknowwhetherwewillseeatem- visited. Find outwhichpartsofthetemplecanbe A B S S DO S IO S PN DO PN DO OP OP uodnt lue ,p 86 p. Subordinate ClausesA, E 10. XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. would notbeavailableuntilnextSaturday. We didnotrealize thattheinformation must movethecar. Whoever parkedintheno-parkingzone years surprisedme. That shelookssomuchyoungerthanher spend itssummervacation. My parents chose where thefamilywill lock thedoor. Give whoeveristhelasttoleavekeys sial topicswere mostinteresting tous. persuasive essaysonwhatevercontrover- Mrs. Scoviltoldustowriteourtwo-page milk are whatIwantforlunch. whole-wheat bread, andaglassofcold steamingbowloffishchowder, asliceof A scold meisthedog. The onlymemberofthe family whodoesn’t Every day, theyworrythatI’llbelate. over. When Iarrivedownstairs,myparents take to botherme. After Ifinallygetoutofbed,hecontinues tious, beginstoprod me. My olderbrother, whoisveryconscien- I donothearit. The alarmbuzzesnoisily, but Ipretend that goes off. It allbeginseachmorningwhenmyalarm five blocksinfourminutes. They cannotbelievethatanyonecantravel basic chessmoves. Gilbert taughtwhoeverwasinterested the ADV ADV IO PN S S IO ADJ DO DO N OP N ADV ADJ N 39 L09NAGUMA10_034-043.qxd 12/11/07 2:30 PM Page 40

9. I leave for school at the last possible minute Sentences Classified According to Structure B, ADJ p. 89 that I can. N EXERCISE 10. I’ve never yet been late; why everyone wor- CX 1. Before the contest began, the ries so is beyond me. soloists were nervously pacing Subordinate Clauses B, p. 87 back and forth. EXERCISE N S 2. Tired of studying, Diego closed his 1. That the Brittany spaniel is good-natured book and turned on his stereo. and obedient is obvious to the neighbors. ADV CC 3. After the storm had uprooted the 2. Do not take the job if you are not able to lift tree, some of the clean-up crew heavy packages. N trimmed the branches, and others 3. Give the door prize to whoever sold the loaded them into trucks. most tickets to the banquet. S ADJ 4. Without saying another word, 4. A sea horse looks like a tiny horse that has Harriet collected her belongings, y of the instructor. been joined to a fish’s body. jammed them into a bag, and ADV 5. Before you decide on a career, consider marched out of the meeting. carefully your abilities, interests, and CX 5. I waited impatiently as the postal opportunities. worker approached our mailbox ADJ 6. I was looking for a book that has a poem by with my long-awaited package. Emily Dickinson. CD 6. Take your jacket, or wear a sweater. N 7. Did you know that the church’s centennial CC 7. Jacques wished that he could go on celebration was last weekend? the camping trip, but he couldn’t ADV 8. When you have finished peeling the pota- convince his parents to let him go toes and carrots, add them to the soup on because he had come home late the stove. three nights the week before. ADJ 9. We have included gymnastics, which is a CX 8. The flowers that create the beauti- popular sport, in our new athletics ful scene outside the courthouse program. window are cared for by a profes- ADV 10. My Persian cat leaps into the air whenever sional gardener. she sees a flying insect. CD 9. The arrival of the candidates had Sentences Classified According to Structure A, been anticipated for months; the p. 88 city officials were waiting for them XERCISE E A at the reception. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 1. S 3. S 5. CX S 10. The only person with a key was 2. CD 4. CC Mr. Pavarotti, the owner and opera- EXERCISE B 6. S 8. CC 10. CX tor of the store. 7. CX 9. CD

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Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. E 90 p. Clause, Review A:The Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 12. 11. 10. E XERCISE XERCISE 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. streams. the sizeofbridgesspanning during thesummerare oftensurprisedby Travelers whodriveacross theGreat Plains spring torrents haddestroyed. Construction teamswouldreplace whatthe there wasarainyspring. washed awayorbadlydamagedwhenever The woodenbridgesofearlierdayswere stand theragingfloodwaters. strongly constructed sothattheycanwith- The bridgescrossing suchariverhavetobe become awideriverpracticallyovernight. Residents knowthatasmallstream can heavy rainsmayleadtofloodconditions. springthawthatisaccompaniedby A or April. the riverbedsmayremain dryuntilMarch If there islittlerainfallduringtheautumn, summer. Great Plainsdryupentirely duringthe However, someoftheriversthatdrain river whenthespringrainscome. The tinystream istransformedintoahuge bridge. they wouldunderstandtheneedfor If theyrevisited thespotinspringtime, at all. They maywonderwhythebridgeisthere a muddytrickle. built across astream thatislittlemore than Sometimes ahalf-mile-longbridgehasbeen A B SUB, ADV SUB, IND ADV IND SUB, ADJSUB, ADJ SUB, N SUB, N ADV ADJ ADV N eiwBTeCas,p 91 p. Clause, Review B:The E 15. 14. 13. 11. 10. E XERCISE XERCISE 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. United Statesforanextendedvisit. London forthepasteightyears,are inthe Latwanda’s cousins,whohavelivedin party isunfortunate. That DaphnecouldnotattendDiego’s a Texas-style barbecue. If youare intheneighborhood, stopbyfor tage thatstandsemptymostoftheyear. Great Plainsbridgeislikeasummercot- A to thedesignersandbuilders. only oneortwoweeksayearwasobvious That thenewbridgeswouldbeneeded spring floods. built bridgesthatcouldwithstandthe With steelandreinforced concrete, they often beavoided. Putting thingsoff creates problems thatcan ally gettingstarted. What isproblematic formanyofusisactu- not thattheworkistoodifficult. For meandotherslikeme,theproblem is tinating asIam. Few ofmyfriendsare asskilledatprocras- them in. advance, Iamlikelytobelateinhanding If Idon’tstartwritingmyreports in keep istohandinmyhomeworkontime. One New Year’s resolution thatIplanto whenever youcall. Please letthephoneringatleasttentimes orchard? Did Henrifindthepaththatleadsto A B SUB, ADV SUB, ADV IND SUB, N SUB, ADV N N N ADJ ADJ SUB, ADJSUB, ADJ IND ADJ 41 L09NAGUMA10_034-043.qxd 12/11/07 2:30 PM Page 42

12. For example, I nearly failed a Spanish CC 8. The bridge was recognized as an ADV course because I put off writing a paper on artistic triumph even before it was Cervantes. completed, and it quickly became a 13. After a little research, I knew exactly what I favorite subject for painters and N wanted to say. photographers. 14. I just wasn’t willing to set aside the time CX 9. Many suspension bridges built ADJ that I needed to write it. during the twentieth century N employ structural principles that 15. I now pretend that every project is due at were developed by the designer of least two weeks in advance. the Brooklyn Bridge. Review C:The Clause, p. 92 S 10. Two of the best-known suspension EXERCISE bridges of recent times are San CX 1. Although bridges are built for prac- Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge

tical purposes, many bridges are y of the instructor. and New York’s Verrazzano- not only useful but also beautiful. Narrows Bridge. S 2. Old-fashioned covered bridges can still be seen in some parts of the Review D:The Clause, p. 93 EXERCISE country, chiefly in New England. CX 1. Because tennis is so physically CD 3. These bridges were not intended to demanding, it’s a sport in which be objects of art, but many people strong young players can really today consider them very lovely. shine. S 4. The simple lines and the weathered S 2. Steffi Graf of Germany began play- wood of a covered bridge go well ing tennis professionally at the age with its rustic surroundings. of thirteen. CX 5. Those who design modern bridges CX 3. Graf was still a teenager when she take both usefulness and beauty won four Grand Slam tennis cham- into account. pionships and an Olympic gold CX 6. The Brooklyn Bridge, which was medal. opened in 1883, was one of the first CD 4. Another Olympic winner, Zina steel suspension bridges in the Garrison Jackson, began playing United States. tennis in Houston at the age of ten, CD 7. Not only was the Brooklyn Bridge and at seventeen, she won the jun-

the longest suspension bridge of its Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit ior singles titles at Wimbledon and time, but it was also one of the at the U.S. Open. most artistically pleasing.

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Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key CD CX CC 5. 7. 6. high school. player untilhegraduatedfrom he didn’tbecomeaprofessional competitions attheageofnine,but Becker wonhisfirsttournament The GermantennisstarBoris excelled atanearlyage. court attheageoftwo,andhe,too, Agassi, startedservingonatennis player,Another American Andre tions. and internationaltenniscompeti- in theTop 5,wonmanynational became theyoungestplayertorank Michael Chang,whoin1989 CX CC S 10. 9. 8. become bigwinners. In tennis,youngplayersreally can women’s titleattheU.S.Open. she madeheadlinesbywinningthe was onlysixteenyearsoldwhen started young;infact,Tracy Austin Tracy Austin andChrisEvertalso ments whenhewasonlyeighteen. Agassi wonsiximportanttourna- 43 L09NAGUMA10_044_052.qxd 12/11/072:31PMPage44 44 E E Number,p.94 94 pp. Agreement, Chapter 5: E E 30 29. 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. ujc-ebAreetA .95 p. Subject-Verb Agreement A, XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 7. 6. 2. 1. Saltandsandontheroadways often . S P S S P S S live is S S to Japan. The president wasschedulinganothertrip One ofthegasesinearth’satmosphere ticketstotheSeurat exhibit attheMetropolitan Museum. Lukas andI inHungary. U.S. Congress. Two senatorsfrom everystateserveinthe tics engineer, Theodore vonKármán,aleadingaeronau- equal timetospeak. All ofthewomenonpanel in severalgoodideas the citylibrary. printofapaintingbyPicasso A for newusesoftheoldfactory. Someone withtheplat- form ofthecandidate. Many ofthecitizens is damage S argon. P B A B A the undersidesofcars. has suggested 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. have 9. 8. 4. 3. was born P P S P P S P S P P S S agree S 12. 11. P stretches covers 15. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 5. were given S S [ P S P P S hangs P – or 116 S P P] E E 10. E nent rnusA .97 p. Indefinite Pronouns A, inspired metopursueacareer inmusic. Fitzgerald, more thanallothersingers,have at thattimethesource offameforBigBands. American femalesingersasBillieHoliday, madein1938. Fitzgerald, alongwithsuchother African recordings ofjazzmusic source ofherworldwideacclaim.Herfirst perhaps themostpopular. Her remarkable abilitiesatimprovisation were the singers, ujc-ebAreetB .96 p. Subject-Verb Agreement B, XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. The lateEllaFitzgerald,ofall American jazz Most indicates are were was are are stands visit to rent? (Is, Are) ing atthestagedoor. Someone from yourfanclub (Have, Has) ofthevolunteersforjob were) A None oftheathletes office before. basement. the tournament. Neither None S P S few S S B A P E are is selected. EET OF LEMENTS of thesoup of therain either of thecandidates S all S of themoviesavailable of thecheesebeeneaten? (has, have) L (was, were) ANGUAGE were (was, were) was 10. 15. 14. 13. 9. 8. 7. 6. (has, have) were were was is make forms see is seeped intothe gone. FourthCourse | (is, are) tired after (was, has run for wait- were was

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 13. 12. 11. 10. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 12. 11. E Answers willvary. Sampleresponses are given. E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. nent rnusB .98 p. Indefinite Pronouns B, XERCISE XERCISE 9. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Are Each Is by apaneloftrainedjudges. marked withprices. (raves, rave) invited tothejobfair. with yourposition. in alimousine. Several ofusisgoingtothe dancetogether Several everyone Some anybody Neither Nothing Somebody the carpet? (Was, Were) about thesurpriseparty? (Do, Does) ference ofthis circle? (Has, Have) camera from theequipmentroom. the cologneIspilledinthere. strawberry jam. Few Everything Everyone Some Everybody All P P S P any ofthesebooksyours? A B S of thestudentsintenthgrade S S of theitemsonshelf S S of thecontestentries of thecookies (surprise, surprises) , includingthemoviecritics, many (have, has) in themeeting anyone in mylocker about herlatestmovie. any P are S S of thevarnishspilledon of Jason’sfriendsknow calculated thecircum- (has, have) already borrowed the 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. (smell, smells) Most all some Both Something (agrees, agree) (is, are) me anymore. (was, were) a fillingof (was, were) evaluated like opudSbet ,p 99 p. Compound A, Subjects opudSbet ,p 100 p. Compound B, Subjects Student responses mayvaryslightly. E E 15. 14. 13. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E E 10. XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 8. 7. 6. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. Miriam Goldstein. My voicecoachandgreatest supporteris nor doesthelumberfit. The toolsdon’tfitintothebackofvan, marathon, oroneofhersistersisenteringit. Either Elenaisenteringtomorrow’s were were was enough tosatisfymysweettooth. One ofthelarge piecesofcantaloupe C availabletoride. Neither ofthehorses the same. Two drinks orasandwichcostabout goingtothefoodcourt. Ted andNatalie the tallestroller coaster. Neither Rogernorthetwinswanttoride downthatpath. coaster Either thewaterridesornewroller Thrilling ridesandatallroller coaster fall are present are teach lunch period? Do thejuniorsorseniorsshare your addition toourpicnic. Neither therainnormusicwasagreat makes make B A A B this amusementparkenjoyable. are is are is are is 10. 5. 4. 9. 8. 7. 6. costs is is is are expect is makes C are is 45 L09NAGUMA10_044_052.qxd 12/11/07 2:31 PM Page 46

are Other Problems in Agreement A, p. 101 7. What’s the results of your talk with Joey? EXERCISE A was 8. The late-night “intruder”were only Dave 1. is 6. are and Phillip. 2. has 7. was is 3. is 8. divides 9. Whereare my box of oil paints? C 4. are 9. are 10. The doctor’s ﬁrst priority was the patients 5. meets 10. voices in the waiting room.

EXERCISE B EXERCISE B are are 11. The facultyis in their classrooms. There’s rumors about treasure buried in the was 12. My whole family were eager to meet its hills behind my house. Long ago in the Old were new neighbors. West, when bandits on horsebackwas a part of have is 13. A large numberhas received their rebates life, bandits rode through this area. Here are a book of stories about events from that time. in the mail. are are The stories in the bookis fiction, of course, but 14. The softball teamis working in pairs dur- y of the instructor. they are inspired by rumors of actual events. ing today’s practice. are are There is three hills behind my house—do you 15. The jury is silently filing one by one into the see them out the window? A chest of gold and jury box. is are welcomes gemsare what I believe is hidden there. Here’s 16. The clubwelcome Ms. Perez, our guest maps of the area, and they show a cave in the was speaker. tallest hill. As the rumor goes, this cave were Are 17. Is staff given discounts on supplies? the living quarters for three bandits. They hid 18. A majority of the students have met with their treasure chest in the cave one night. were their guidance counselors. Unfortunately for them, jail cellswas their is home the next night! The bandits were cap- 19. A flock of geeseare flying overhead. was tured, but therewere no evidence of their treas- 20. The local police squad protects the entire ure. It has never been found. neighborhood. Other Problems in Agreement C, p. 103 Other Problems in Agreement B, p. 102 EXERCISE A EXERCISE A were 1. are 6. is 1. Chelsea and Juanwas the favorite couple at 2. is 7. is the dance. 3. was 8. fills are 2. Hereis the beads for the handmade bracelet. 4. make 9. is C 3. The winners are a secret until the ceremony. 5. is 10. want are EXERCISE B 4. Whenis the times for the school play has Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 11. Three quarters of the flourhave been auditions? C added to the cake batter. 5. Thereare several reasons for my admira- is 12. Around four yearsare needed to earn a tion of my mom. are typical college degree. 6. The walls of the houseis adobe.

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Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. te rbesi gemn ,p 104 p. ProblemsOther inAgreement D, 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E E 20. 19. 18. XERCISE XERCISE 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Two pintsfillaone-quartjar. your ranchandthenearest town. thedistancebetween Five kilometers ol hosttoMarceau’s mimegroup. world In the1950s,manyacountryaround the their leader, formedamimetroupe. group ofmimesandMarceau, who A his much-lovedcharacterBip. Every fanandfilmstudentsurely in Paris. of theSarahBernhardt Theatre, which He studiedattheSchoolofDramatic Art simplicity. The French mimeMarcel Marceau, who is were centers has enjoys onepound. Sixteen ounces Six dollarsisneatlyarrangedonthetable. surprisinglylarge. dent The numberofcandidatesforclasspresi- enoughtimefortest preparation. Three hours eaten already. Two thirds ofthefruit salad quite warm: JuneandJuly. Two monthsofhervacation was C B A born in1923,performswithgraceful is C were was fills are are is equals equal is C 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. is was are has are were are was is recognizes recognize were are was is te rbesi gemn ,p 106 p. ProblemsOther inAgreement F, te rbesi gemn ,p 105 p. ProblemsOther inAgreement E, 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E E E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. o havetodrive;Iwill. game untilnextFriday. The footballplayersdoesn’thaveanother You prise birthdayparty. Fortunately, Momdon’tsuspectthesur- keepsecrets from one Rainy daysdon’tdepress meintheleast. another,” saidMatthew. “Friends don’t doesn’t don’t don’t doesn’t Hitchcock. mem- The Birds orable phrasessuchas“paradiseofironies.” “Free Fantasia:Tiger Flowers” deliciousinhomemade gingerbread. Molasses atownonthe Guadalupe RiverinTexas. New Braunfels last year. Lord oftheFlies haveareport ofthe fire atthewaffle house. The newspaper have any rapmusic. For thepartytonight, Antoine Some birds don’tflysouthforthewinter. doesn’tclocksrun counterclockwise? mindmowing Why your lawnalongwithmyown. Mr. Rodriguez,I B A doesn’t don don ’ doesn’t are are t ’ is don is t C a 1963filmdirected by Alfred C ’ t were doesn are was don’t is doesn’t doesn don ’ my favoritebook t ’ don t 10. ’ 9. 8. 7. 6. t ’ t don’t doesn’t don’t Don’t don’t doesn contains contain don’t ’ t 47 L09NAGUMA10_044_052.qxd 12/11/07 2:31 PM Page 48

challenges 4. Before practice began, the swimmers talked 6. Mathematicschallenge me to think cre- among (himself, themselves). atively about solving problems. C 5. The soccer team’s bus has messages written 7. My eyeglasses are smudged from the dog’s in shoe polish on (their, its) windows. enthusiastic greeting. C 6. I spoke to Aaron, and (he, they) will be 8. Is electronics Mike’s specialty? is happy to be the team’s pitcher. 9. Copies and Parcels are advertising student 7. At the sporting goods store, Megan selected rates on photocopies. C new tennis balls and a hat for (itself, herself). 10. The United States is part of North America. is 8. Leon and Marcos committed (themselves, 11. Global newsare on at 6:00 each morning himself) to a daily three-mile run. and at 10:00 each night. C 9. When I saw Oscar and Phina near the soc- 12. Buffaloes in Combat was painted in India in cer ﬁeld, I called out to (it, them). the late sixteenth century. Is 10. After the rock climbers checked the equip- y of the instructor. 13. Are civics being offered in this high school ment, (he, they) began the steep ascent. every term? C 11. The basketball hoop outside has icicles 14. Of all sporting events, the Olympicsis the hanging from (its, their) rim. most exciting to watch. 12. When I last saw Katrina, (they, she) was 15. is “The Hills,” by George Oppen, are written over by the batting cages. in ﬁrst and second person. C 13. During the game the girls on the other team 16. “Old Times”is one of the songs on a CD by looked to (their, her) coach for direction. Stevie Ray Vaughan and Albert King. is 14. Centerville High’s students have dedicated 17. Gymnastics are my passion. (itself, themselves) to preserving the C 18. Are pliers the right tool for this project? environment. is 19. Diego Rivera’s The Riches of California are 15. Kyle has made a good reputation for (itself, quite large, measuring 22 by 13 feet. himself) as team captain. hang 20. Expensive binocularshangs around the 16. Eric decided not to play football this year; neck of the coast guard captain. instead, (he, they) will play golf. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Number and 17. Because the scoreboard wasn’t working Gender, p. 107 properly, Mr. Ruiz repaired (them, it). EXERCISE 18. If you want to borrow Mindy’s tennis 1. The volleyball players are getting (her, their) racket, you’ll have to ask (her, it) yourself.

new jerseys today. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 19. Jamal was proud that (it, he) made the tie- 2. The maintenance worker swept the surface breaking point. of the court and then polished (it, him). 20. The team’s mascot, an articulate parrot, 3. When Sandra decided to try out for cheer- often talks to (themselves, itself). leader, (she, it) began practicing immediately.

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Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. E 108 p. Pronouns, Indefinite Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. XERCISE 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. (its, their) Everything inthebargain binshouldhave Most ofthemoneyhadwriting on met None ofthevolunteersat thehospitalhad Dewey decimalnumbersmarkedon All ofthebookcasesinlibraryhave who delivers Some ofthepastriesare homemadebyJitu, begun losing Both ofthetrees infront ofthe schoolhave favorite performerinthetalentshow. Everybody votedfor textures on Most ofthestoneshaduniquepatternsand the coldweather, so Many ofthepipeswere notcovered before labels on Few oftheboxesinsupplyclosethave drinks listedsugarin I sawthatmostofthesodasandsports knew Ihadheard Since someofthemusicsoundedfamiliar, I left Either ofthegirlsinourcarpoolcouldhave mailboxes, and Something layonthesidewalknear bent downtoweed All oftheflowerbedwasovergrown, soI ing tripshared One ofthecampersonfather-son camp- on Some ofthecookieshadtoothmarks (it, them) (her, their) (his orher, their) (them, it) original pricetagremoved. . (their, its) (its, their) (it, them) backpack inourcar. (his, their) (it, they) . (it, them) (it, them) new director yet. (it, they) surfaces. (his orher, their) (its, their) each morning. leaves forthewinter. sparkled inthesun. food withme. before. . froze. ingredients. (them, it) (it, them) . . ujcs .109 p. Subjects, Compound Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: E 20. 19. 18. E 10. or astarfishoccasionally dotted thebeachwhere seashell sand, grass,androcks bythewater. A XERCISE XERCISE 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. rb n e ul a aehomesinthe Crabs andseagullshadmade caterer. flawlessly. a discounton parent orsiblingofanactorwillbegiven A her, their) The director orassistantdirector left carefully on The stagehandandthecarpenterworked their) The sofaandlampshouldbeplacedin be pettedbystrangers. Neither ofmycatswilllet autograph copiesof Several oftheauthorswere availableto note during Any ofmyfriendscouldhavegivenmethe or her) Actors andstagehandsposedfor cast party; Cheese andcrackerswillbeservedatthe character delivered The leadcharacterandthesupporting ered Neither Wendy norMargaret hadconsid- needs The secondspotlightorthethird spotlight ing night. pared The musiciansandcostumedesignerspre- A B (herself, themselves) proper positionsonstage. (himself orherself (their, its) photograph. notes ontherefreshment table. (it, they) (their, hisorher) (his orher, their) (his orher, their) bulb replaced. will beprovided bya (his orher, their) (their, hisorher) , themselves) an actoruntilnow. (itself, themselves) their break. assignments. its ticket. (their, his for open- lines books. (his or (its, 49 L09NAGUMA10_044_052.qxd 12/11/07 2:31 PM Page 50

C the tide had left it. Swimmers and surfers enter- Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Other themselves Problems A, p. 111 tainedhimself in the water. Near a large sand themselves EXERCISE dune, a child and her grandmother built herself 1. them 11. It a sand castle. Neither Carrie nor Rowan 2. 12. his or her it It remembered to eattheir lunch. The sandwiches 3. 13. their Its Its and cookies remained in its wrappings while 4. it 14. it the photographers enthusiastically roamed the 5. it 15. That beach looking for the next photographic scene. 6. their 16. them Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Collective 7. it 17. it Nouns, p. 110 8. it 18. That EXERCISE A 9. it 19. it 1. their 6. their 10. this 20. That 2. their [or its] 7. their Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Other 3. their 8. their

Problems B, p. 112 y of the instructor. 4. their 9. itself EXERCISE 5. 10. P themselves their 1. These are the teenagerswho spent EXERCISE B their its afternoon tutoring 11. The team would like to welcome their younger kids. newest member, Chris. P 2. The sandwichesthat have the crusts still on 12. An army of men and women are setting up them their are made with rye bread. its campsites. P C 3. The sales associateswho meet 13. The class applauded its guest lecturer. their sales quotas will receive their 14. The flock builtits nests in some of the a bonus. S larger trees near the lake. 4. The fax machine,which is on 15. During the crisis the group remained loyal its stand in the corner, needs a their toits fellow members. new ink cartridge. P 16. Beneath the surface of the water, a school of 5. The running shoesthat had reflective strips C fish made its way toward shore. on them were the ones I bought. P 17. After the team’s victory, the cheerleading 6. Several peoplewho desperately wanted its squad performedtheir final cheer. tickets took their place in 18. After the dedication ceremony, the crowd line early. C P madetheir way to the exits. 7. The next-door neighbors,who hired me to its

19. The assembly is holding their applause “house sit” their house, are on Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit until the end of the show. vacation. their S 20. Before the audience had takenits seats, the 8. Lisa,who spent her winter break ﬁlmstrip began to roll. in Florida, came back to school with a tan.

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Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key eiwA ujc-ebAreet .113 p. Subject-Verb Agreement, Review A: 10. E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. XERCISE 9. 1. h oi,featured Tom Hanksin The movie, hadauthors’signatures in books At thediscountbookstore, Ifoundseveral harness ateamofhorses. Today almostnofarm childknowshowto me tocomealong. takesdog a run eachmorning before school, invited Brandon, spun insects. web inacorner, layinwaitforpassing for brown spider, A aren’t afraidtotake Musicians nowhere tobefound. normallyhungfrom The keys, ,willbehung in havethornson The flowers the halls. haveimportantinfor- mation on These posters, Woods onaSnowy Evening.” The firstpoemthatImemorizedin needs frame dustedisinthecorner. The painting havestampson The envelopes debate competitions. are proud of Sheila’s parents, themselves A them them them their their its its that P who which who S which P that P that P S . S which that leading role, wasasuccess. seriously usuallyexcel. hook inthekitchen,were should betrimmedcarefully. entirety is“Stoppingby are ready tomail. daughter, usuallyattendher them P who which S P P S his its its E 10. E 10. E .114 p. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement, Review B: XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. free timeworkingattherecycling center. Each boyinTroop 95spendssomeofhis Is is are has is proud ofhis orherhorses. Each farmerinthispartofthecountrywas with tractors. Only aboutonefarmintenwasequipped ally “horsepowered.” Most farmmachinesatthattimewere liter- essential forfarming. Sixty yearsago,ahorseormulewas eating Because Luisisallergic toeggs,heavoids (her, their) Neither DarlenenorNaomihasfinished watered Alonzo andIplantedtheseeds (his orher, their) Each ofthecommitteemembershasvoiced or her, their) Many ofthecitizenshavealready paid questions correctly wonprizes. Each contestantwhoanswered hisorher to mydoor. straycatordogfrequently findsitsway A America. makes itshomeprimarilyinSouth This green butterfly, likethatblueone, washing thedishes. Rudi oroneofhersistersisresponsible for A B B (it, them) (it, them) term paperyet. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. taxes. . are was are was is opinion. carefully. 51 (his L09NAGUMA10_044_052.qxd 12/11/07 2:31 PM Page 52

11. Each of the lost animals was returned to 12. C were (its, their) owner. 13. Their hopes for a successful playwas shat- 12. Someone in the stands started stamping (his tered by poor reviews. his or her or her, their) feet loudly. 14. Each of the students chose their own project. were 13. All of the workers were satisﬁed with (his or 15. A large crowd of peoplewas clapping their her, their) pay raises. hands and cheering. are 14. Evergreens are trees that do not shed (its, 16. Thereis always at least two librarians at the their) foliage in the fall. reference desk. plans 15. Neither of the co-captains of the women’s 17. Every understudy whoplan to succeed tennis team won (her, their) match. must be ready to perform at a moment’s Review C: Agreement, p. 115 notice. was EXERCISE 18. Not one of my classmates were prepared was 1. Neither potatoes nor ricewere my for the surprise quiz. y of the instructor. favorite dish. belong 19. Some of the coins on the tablebelongs to me. 2. C 20. is C 3. Either Marisa or heare going to be the dele- Review D: Agreement, p. 116 gate to the conference. EXERCISE his 4. One of the boys left their raincoat on 1. its 11. his or her the bus. 2. doesn’t 12. its are 3. his or her 13. is 5. Whereis the gifts you bought? 4. There are 14. they 6. C 5. 15. were Doesn’t was 7. His feelings after the defeatwas a combina- 6. enjoy 16. their tion of anger and disbelief. 7. his or her 17. their his or her 8. Each of the delegates will paytheir own 8. was 18. are expenses. 9. is 19. its were 10. has 20. was 9. Therewas large quantities of surplus wheat in the grain elevators. was 10. Two thirds of the daywere spent getting the car repaired. wants 11. Neither Marco nor Lisettewant to go ﬁsh- ing this afternoon. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit

52 ELEMENTS OF LANGUAGE | Fourth Course L09NAGUMA10_053-059.qxd 12/11/072:31PMPage53

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. E 117 p. Case Forms ofPersonal Pronouns, 117 pp. Correctly, Using Pronouns Chapter 6: Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key E 12. 11. E 10. h oiaieCs ,p 118 p. The Nominative Case A, XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 1st—P—PL 1st—N—S the RotaryClub. Jim andthemreceived scholarships from annual bookfair. The juniorclassanduswillsponsorthe Both herauntandshespeakfluentChinese. My brother andmewentonacampingtrip. marathon washim. The manwhosponsored theradio their you Will youbegivinghimyoursupport,Gina? terms. Our current senatorhasservedfortwo dates, too. I’ve madeupmymindregarding thecandi- importance ofprimaries. The program helpedmeunderstandthe March 10. Our statehasscheduleditsprimaryfor to focusontheissues. I wasextremely impressed withherability them. Ms. Robertsposedquestionstoeachof cerning theprimaries. Several candidatesgavetheiropinionscon- regarding electionprocedures. We recently sawheronapaneldiscussion casting overthirtyyearsago. Cokie Robertsbeganhercareer inbroad- 3rd—O—PL 2nd—N—S A A B they 1st—P—S 3rd—O—S 14. 13. he they our I 3rd—P—S 1st—O—S – 137 C 3rd—P—S we 3rd—P—PL 15. me E 10. E h oiaieCs ,p 119 p. The Nominative Case B, sarcasm considerParkeragenius. toB.” All inall,usloversof emotions from A Parker saidthatHepburn“ranthegamutof Katharine Hepburn’sperformanceinaplay. discovered acommentParkermaderegarding Parker, wecollectedotherwittycomments.We dust.” Whilethethree ofuswere researching wanted hergravestonetoread, “Pardon my the wittiestofall.Forexample,itwasherwho extremely talentedgroup. Parkerwasperhaps Algonquin RoundTable. Theywere awitty, It wasthemwhobecameknownasthe larly atthe Algonquin HotelinNew York City. leagues formedaliterarycircle thatmetregu- American writerandcritic.Herhercol- Dorothy Parkerare we.Parkerwasafamous people enjoylisteningto the radio,but are interested inyour whoare topic.” next, and ready withyourreport? Itis XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. Among fictionloverswhoappreciate Marcy stoodbefore theclassandsaid,“Most Ms. Rosewoodsaid,“Marcy, are they meet intheparkinglot. After theconcert,Piaandthemwantto by ErnestHemingway. Raul andherhaveread almosteverynovel or him? Was thewinneroftournament Augusta out onthefield. It wasn’tIwholeftthebaseballequipment may havebeenLuisandher. The panelistsselectedforthequizshow they B he may notknowwhoinvented FM C we she She she they you we she you 53 L09NAGUMA10_053-059.qxd 12/11/072:31PMPage54 54 century invention.” century whoenjoy Armstrong’s twentieth- passed have benefitedfrom Armstrong’s work.Itis gradually consumedhismoney away. Despitethistragedy, youand and hisspirit,in1954, tors. involved inpatentsuitsbrought byrivalinven- technology. slowly acceptedandimplemented Armstrong’s radio industrybecameinterested, and building thefirstfull-scaleFMstation.The spent more than$300,000ofhisownmoney was notanimmediatesuccess. Armstrong changes intransmittersandreceivers, new radiosystem.Becausethesystemrequired were certainlynotaudible from across aroom. developedthiscir- earphones; cuit, wireless signalswere barely audibleusing transmission. Until discovery ofthefeedbackcircuit inwireless experimentedwith from theInstituteofRadioEngineersfor wireless transmissionandearnedagoldmedal house. Incollege, immediately beganworkintheatticofhis Armstrong’s background. Whilestillateenager, whomadethecrucial discoveries ing possible. heard ofEdwinH. Armstrong? and filedthepatentsthatmadeFMbroadcast- It is Well, curious? Have broadcasting. Are “Throughout hislife Armstrong was “In 1933, Armstrong filed fourpatents. willtellyouabout “First, They we he I They he you radio enthusiastsofthetwenty-first decided tobecomeaninventorand can tellaboutthisamazinginventor. were forcircuits thatcompriseda I they you he he he I it it h betv aeB .121 p. The Objective Case B, 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E E E Answers mayvary. E made twofancy, decorativepillowsoutofit. formal dresses, which Ihadoutgrown. She and he.Once,IgavePatti oneofmyfavorite working oncustomizedbirthdaygiftsforyou tion from herdadandwe.Sheiscurrently rassed, butIknowsheappreciates theadmira- latest accomplishments.Pattimayactembar- house, herdadproudly showstheyandIher you. WhenevermyfriendsandIare atPatti’s colors, andPattiwillusetheminaproject for quilt herself.Tell sheorherdadyourfavorite her room, butshedesignedtheyandamatching For example,shenotonlysewedthecurtainsin sewing projects andthensewsthembeautifully. h betv aeA .120 p. The Objective Case A, XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 4. 3. 2. 1. 4. 3. 2. 1. C Patti continuallysearches forinteresting his costumefortheplay. The costumedesignerhasfinallygivenhim after bothofthey? Do MomandDadknowthatI’llbehome high. To us,thepriceofadmissionseemsrather Ms. BonettatoldSashaandIaboutthesale. Fran sentMarloandhealetter. me her him me him them her me him B A B A C E EET OF LEMENTS 7. 6. 5. them her 7. 6. 5. them us him her me her L ANGUAGE us him C them them me C FourthCourse | 10. 10. 9. 8. 9. 8. him me them me me us me C C

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. aeFrsB .125 p. Case Forms B, 124 p. Case Forms A, 123 p. The Possessive Case, Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key E Answers mayvary. E Answers mayvary. E 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E E 122 p. Nominative andObjective Case Pronouns, XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 2. 1. 1. 4. 3. 2. 1. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 4. 3. cle aboutswans. For scienceclass,Pollyand meread anarti- your me He she Their its their My Her his Yours permission from yourparents andI. Before goingonthetrip,youneedwritten go onaholiday. It isnotfairtoletalltheboysexceptthey C fund-raising project wouldhavefailed. If ithadnotbeenforLuisandshe,the factions. grew intoamajorcontestbetweenrival The argument betweenTomás andhesoon him she We them A B 6. 5. 7. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 7. 6. 5. 9. 8. her her me her them me Theirs my our yours your my mine 10. I 9. 8. her they me us 10. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. me 9. 8. him them Your Mine us his her their his our hers Who E 10. XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. have lockersneartheseniors. Of allthesophomores, onlyShaneandher numerous. The similaritiesbetweenyouandIare garden. The Carsonsare workinginourcommunity about theoutcomeofelection? Can yougivethecommitteeorweahint Rhonda’s handinhis. As theyskatedintheicerink,Kentook is my. The claysculpture inthestudentartexhibit of thegame. Him hittingahomerun wasthehighlight either theEaglesorwe. The winnersofthetournamentwillbe donation totheschool. I wonderwhogavetheanonymous We willinvitewhomeverJanewants. leader wouldbe. Everyone wondered whothenewcheer- admire, wasafamoussinger. Billie Holiday, whommyparents greatly selected fortheaward. Mario isthestudentwhomcommittee gorilla costumeis. I’ve justfigured outwhothepersonin wrote Wasn’t Charles Dickens theauthorwho extra ticket. I don’tknowtowhomshouldgivemy the carnivalonSaturday. Monique willbemeetingKellerandheat His and mine A Whom, Oliver Twist S .126 p. DO OP ? DO C PN C PN DO C us me him S she 55 L09NAGUMA10_053-059.qxd 12/11/072:31PMPage56 eeieadItniePoon,p 128 p. Reflexive andIntensive Pronouns, 127 p. Appositives, 56 but theymustbepersonalpronouns. E 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E E 13. 12. 11. E 10. XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 4. 3. 2. 1. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. uhd anextra to mile onthetreadmill. . I pushed Bryan wentstraighttoMs. Ashok Mehta weekly pianolessons. Julie committed dence in Coach Woodard taughtustohaveconfi- she, aboutthecanoeouting. Ask therecreation directors, Meredith and Phoebe andshe,atthecircus. The toddlersathappilybetweenhissisters, helping mecreate afamilytree. My relatives, Aunt Jessicaandthey, are yearbook pictures thisweek. We sophomores andtheyare scheduledfor abandoned mineshaft. The twocampers,Jillandhim,foundan him I we her who whom who who wasthere. I sawacarinmydriveway, andwondered it thisweekend. Dad willlendthecartowhoeverwash her S B A B Answers toitems9,16,and20willvary, herself INT 7. 6. 5. her her we she ourselves myself REF REF 15. 14. with hisquestion. C herself REF whom whom he 10. S 9. 8. them she us C 11. 10. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. stories. have Shaleen, Nick,andJuanfrightened for ourowndestiny. We are plans fortheevening. visited My friendsand Roy rebuilt amotorcycle for government. responsible my schoolduringourseminaroncity The mayor I plannedtheentire SuperBowlparty I dreaming?” Have youeversaidto lae h ice . ”? catering thereception.” I saidtoCherylandJames, “You madea cleaned thekitchen Rather thanwaitforsomeoneelse,Melinda right, doit Who said,“Ifyouwantsomethingdone homemade vegetarianpizza. Angie and Contest atthepeprally. We sophomores congratulated whomust After recuperating from theflu,Joshwas always remain loyaltoeachother. Several ofuspromised pay forthetrip. It isthey E EET OF LEMENTS themselves yourselves ourselves ourselves yourself himself himself myself REF REF REF REF REF REF INT INT ourselves INT himself themselves L INT yourself ANGUAGE INT they INT [or . , “AmIawake,oram with theirownghost and hisbrother. are responsible for on winningtheSpirit again. that wewould herself I herself INT FourthCourse | ]

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. rnusi nopeeCntutos .129 p. Pronouns inIncomplete Constructions, la rnu eeec ,p 130 p. Clear Pronoun Reference A, E 20. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 10. revisions mayvary. Students’ E 10. XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. enjoyed theraftingtrip. Our parents and Trent stoodup. Dave sawTrent inthecrowded dinerwhen arrived atthehotel. Jen calledmeassoonsheandMom bility. Feeding ourparakeetsismydailyresponsi- bank. That todayispaydaymeansIgotothe bought thehat. Seeing thehatandcoatinwindow, I Jerry sawhim. Jerry didn’tspeaktoRobertothelasttime river isalwaysfun. We swaminthe river;swimminginthe are coatedwithice. Everyone stayedhomebecausethestreets Hal toldMilothatMilo’sbrother waslate. Jill wasintown,andIdasawher. I valuefriendshipasmuchhevaluesit. You canwashour carafteryouwashtheirs. Is Dan’sponyinasmanyshowshersis? Kiki livesnearer theschoolthanwelive. picked uphim. The carpoolpickedupRayAnnbefore it I lovechocolatemore thanyouloveit. We playmore tournamentsthantheyplay. waited onher. I waitedontheelderlycustomerbefore I they likedmine. The judgeslikedMeg’sroutine lessthan with thedog. Todd runs withthedogmore thanIrun we la rnu eeec ,p 132 p. Clear Pronoun Reference C, la rnu eeec ,p 131 p. Clear Pronoun Reference B, tdns revisions mayvary. Students’ E tdns revisions mayvary. Students’ E 10. XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. chase process. The Web siteguides youthrough thepur- The autopartsshopishavingasale. guarded carefully. The President oftheUnitedStatesis Mississauga isaCanadiancity. The atlasconfirmedmyguessthat Zealanders speakEnglish. We are travelingtoNewZealand. grows are peanutsandpotatoes. Lloyd isafarmer. Someofthecrops he standing behindme. My computerscreen reflected theperson nation’s foodsupply. Iowa produces abouttenpercent ofour birds haven’teatenityet. I scattered birdseed inthebackyard, butthe horses are gentleandfriendly. I’m takingahorsebackridingclass.The Faith’s works. bowls inpotteryclass,Iboughtoneof After seeingFaith’svasesandCarola’s festival. Every summermytownholdsarose Marcia, hemustbeinlove. Because Ericcanthinkofnoonebut dived. Before BillmetChuck,hadneversky- son using The glossarysaidthatasimileiscompari- be fun. Flying kiteswithMelthisweekendshould baked goodsare tartsandbread. The bakerysmellswonderful.Someofthe ings. Lee haswonawards forsomeofhispaint- like or as . 57 L09NAGUMA10_053-059.qxd 12/11/072:31PMPage58 eiwA aeFrs .134 p. Case Forms, Review A: 133 p. Clear Pronoun Reference D, 58 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E E 10. revisions mayvary. Students’ E 10. XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. His sisterisabetterstudent thanhim. He isamanwhoyoucan trust. C Did youinviteLizaBethandshe? Where are Parvisandhim? whom me us I it heldwasaruby ring. The jewelryboxwasfull.Oneofthepieces us toreach Dallaswithnoproblem. I filledthegastank.Thefulltankwillallow knows iscalledJava. of theprogramming languagesthatshe My momisacomputerprogrammer. One ally traveledbyhorseandbuggy. In pioneertimesin America, peoplegener- roof. Theproject shouldbefinishedsoon. Jeremy isreplacing looseshinglesonthe William, Lewiswenttoadifferent school. Before Lewisentered tenthgradewith being honestisn’talwayseasy. I amalwayshonestwithmyfriends,but pastime. Steven wentfishing.Fishingishisfavorite market. I likefindingreally niceitemsataflea karate practice. Larry calledTrevor whileTrevor wasat help. weekend becauseKim’smomneededthe Betsy andKimworkedinthestore all news programs? Why docommercials interrupt regular TV B A whom 7. 6. 5. She we who he her 10. 9. 8. he I she me eiwB la eeec,p 135 p. ClearReference, Review B: .136 p. Case Forms andClearReference, Review C: tdns revisions mayvary. Students’ E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. E 10. XERCISE XERCISE 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. with us. Since Petraisatanaudition,shecan’tstudy Planting abackyard garden isfun. Models oftenmuststandperfectlystill. called Trisha. After seeingTrisha andMindyinthemall,I isinteresting. Damon’s jobatthe YMCA We sawyouandtheyatthegame. yourself? Did sheprepare dinnerforherfriendsand Angelo andhimshouldhaveknownbetter. should beincharge. The committeehasnotdecidedwhom and myself. There wasnoargument betweenBianca room? Are Lanetteandherinthesamehome- You workmore carefully thanme. Whom shallIsayiscalling? dinner. You andhimshouldcomeoverafter topics. keep meupdatedonsportsandfashion I relax byreading amagazine.Magazines through Friday. The commercial saidthesalecontinues I livenearanappleorchard. bought Craig’sworkforthenextissue. Bruce’s sciencefictionstory, theeditor After reading Craig’smysterystoryand of theproblems were difficult. I didmymathhomeworkcarefully; some Who you A E EET OF LEMENTS me he he she them L ANGUAGE FourthCourse | I who

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. revisions mayvary. Students’ E 10. XERCISE 7. 6. 5. 9. 8. list? Did thelibrariangiveyouandheareading C her madetheteam. No onewassurprisedwhenbothyouand use bothhandsequallywell. That Cliff isambidextrous meanshecan began footballpractice. Darnell spoketoTyrone before Tyrone famous. The should beentertaining. Annette’s performanceinthetalentshow like bestistofuwithvegetables. I eatavegetariandiet.Oneofthedishes quiz. I don’tknowwhoyoushouldaskaboutthe help. Between youandI,wedon’tneedtheir now, thankyou. You andhimcanbringinthegroceries she B paparazzi he whom may becomeintrusive tothe me him .137 p. Case Forms andClearReference, Review D: 10. revisions mayvary. Students’ E E XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. pointment. That Ihadnophonemessageswasadisap- collects broken tiles. Because Phinacreates mosaictables,she paintings hangsinthehall. Freddie isatalentedpainter;oneofhis tive power. The articledescribesahurricane’sdestruc- been leftinthecar. Greg askedFrankifFrank’spaycheckhad They likethesamebooksaswe. Ask himratherthanme. Max andhealready left. the girlwhomwesaw to youandme B A 59 L09NAGUMA10_060-067.qxd 12/11/07 2:32 PM Page 60

Chapter 7: Using Verbs Correctly, Irregular Verbs A, p. 140 pp. 138–161 EXERCISE A 1. sung 6. cut The Principal Parts of Verbs, p. 138 2. taken 7. stolen EXERCISE A 1. (was) whispering 3. thrown 8. broke 2. (has) worn 4. written 9. came 3. enumerate 5. frozen 10. ran 4. (was) making EXERCISE B 5. announced 11. During shipping, part of the package’s torn EXERCISE B wrapping was tore. brought 6. P-P 13. B 20. PT 12. My best friend bringed me a souvenir from 7. 14. 21. PT PT-P P-P his summer travels in Europe. 8. PT-P 15. PT 22. PT-P C 13. After the election, I heard the results on the 9. B 16. P-P 23. B

radio. y of the instructor. 10. PT-P 17. B 24. PT rung 11. P-P 18. PT-P 25. PT-P 14. The priest had rang the bells just after 12. PT 19. P-P daybreak. 15. On the ﬁshing trip last weekend, Kenneth Regular Verbs, p. 139 caught EXERCISE A catched a perch and a catﬁsh. 1. arrived 6. painted Irregular Verbs B, p. 141 2. surrounded 7. faced EXERCISE A 3. looked 8. climbed 1. went 6. sung 4. argued 9. admired 2. told 7. hit 5. carved 10. returned 3. chosen 8. done EXERCISE B 4. knew 9. left searched 11. Frantically, they search the attic and 5. built 10. let

basement. (past) EXERCISE B Answers may vary. strayed cost 12. Unfortunately, the speaker strays from the 11. These shoes costed too much. flew main point. (past) 12. A flock of birds flied overhead just before has [or had] answered 13. Chen answers Sue’s letter within a week. sunset yesterday. eaten (past participle) 13. I have ate already. has [or had] calmed C 14. Rebecca finally calms the frightened 14. Who put these muddy shoes on the carpet? fought neighbor. (past participle) 15. Both boxers fighted hard in the ring. leaped [or leapt or lept] worn 15. Madeline gleefully leaps over puddles of 16. Vicky has wore the same hat two days in a Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit melted snow. (past) row.

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Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key reua eb ,p 142 p. Irregular VerbsC, E 20. 19. 18. 17. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E XERCISE XERCISE 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Grandmother acard. Well before herbirthday, Ihadsend had becamethirsty. worthofrock climbing,I After anhour’s divers manytimes. I havedovewithateamofprofessional near thoserocks. swords, armor, andotherantiqueshadsank During asuddenstorm,shipfullof the baybehindmyhouse. For yearsafriendlymanateehasswamin equipment. sell severaljetskisandsomesnorkeling By theendofmyﬁrstdayonjob,Ihad the water. The motherduckleadedherducklingsto back outtosea. After abriefappearance,thewhalegone had found said made bent Final examshavebegan. before! No onehasevercutmyhairthisattractively the schedule. The crew donealltheirdutiesaccording to C C from thesestones. Over time,waterhaswore allrough edges sold B A become Answers mayvary. dived did C begun led worn 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. hidden slept sought spent knew sent swum went sunk Lie reua eb ,p 143 p. Irregular VerbsD, E 144 p. Irregular VerbsE, 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E E 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E E XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. and threw drank wrote got felt grew dived bought burst took drank ridden fallen lie laid lying lay laying C players. An assistantbrung watertothethirsty had stolethird base. In theblinkofaneye,playeronsecond of theplayersonopposingteam. At onetimeIhadwenttoschoolwith crowd inthestands. The playershadfeeltheexcitementof froze swam A B A A B Lay stolen Answers mayvary. ,p.145 brought felt gone 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 10. 10. 10. 8. 7. 6. 9. 8. 7. 6. 9. 8. 7. 6. 9. laid lain laid lying laid rang rode ran spoke given won taught saw broke forgiven caught stood paid put broke 61 L09NAGUMA10_060-067.qxd 12/11/07 2:32 PM Page 62

C EXERCISE B 16. Tall glasses of ice water had sat on the serv- laid 11. I could have lain the rug in Jessie’s room. ing tray for ten minutes. lie 12. May I lay in the hammock in your 17. The basket of sourdough bread and the sit backyard? bowl of butter can set here. lay set 13. The builder should lie the pane of glass 18. Earlier in the day, a pastry chef had sat a gently across the table for now. Key lime pie in the dessert case. C 14. Our hosts are laying an assortment of 19. The asparagus and artichoke dip should C snacks on the coffee table. not sit too long without refrigeration. lain sitting 15. Those old wagon wheels have laid beside 20. The raw potatoes have been setting in a the fence for years. marinade of spices and broth. laid 16. My opponent lay all her cards on the table. Rise and Raise,p.147 lying 17. Several coins are laying beside the cash EXERCISE A 1. rising 6. risen register. y of the instructor. 2. rose 7. raise 18. Despite the thunder and lightning, Sandra C 3. raised 8. raising lay peacefully asleep. C 4. rise 9. raised 19. The clown laid his curly green wig beside 5. raised 10. rose

the other pieces of his costume. EXERCISE B lay 11. 16. 20. Thomas laid on the beach each morning raised rise 12. raised 17. raise during his vacation. 13. rose 18. rose Sit and Set,p.146 14. risen 19. raised EXERCISE A 15. raised 20. rose 1. set 6. setting 2. sit 7. sat Six Troublesome Verbs, p. 148 3. set 8. sitting EXERCISE A 1. 6. 4. sitting 9. sat lay rose 2. 7. 5. set 10. set sat lain 3. rise 8. raised EXERCISE B sat 4. laid 9. Lie 11. Beside the oven, a kitchen timer set. set 5. set 10. risen 12. An assistant chef sat a carving knife near EXERCISE B the smoked ham. 11. The theater grew quiet when the curtain sat rose 13. She had set on a high stool at the work raised. counter. set 12. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit setting Julie had just sat something on the shelf. 14. She is sitting cherry tomatoes around the sat 13. When I set down, Julie brought over a black border of the platter. sitting vase. 15. Eight individual spinach salads are setting laid 14. Gently, she lay the vase on the table. on the top shelf of the refrigerator.

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Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. es ,p 149 p. Tense A, 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 13. 12. 11. 10. E 20. XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. patio. We leftourlawnfurniture settingonthe laying infront ofme. beautifulsiennavasebyPopoviDawas A h scitit care- cartoons onSaturday As ofnextFriday, mornings. Brandy fully forhernextpatient. ingood-luck The psychiatrist charms. For alongtime,I gladtogothemovieswithyou onthetelephonefortwo tonight. whensheneedsaride. I hours! You Chinatwiceinthepast Charo before Igotthere. ifyoutry. three years. She fortwo They You Francine ill. hours. thebikepaththrough thewoods. By noon,they We sion, buthefellasleep. An houragohelaiddowntowatchtelevi- sleep. ing, peopleinChinaare layingdownto When weare risingfrom bedinthemorn- C we satthewood. They lainthebricksinapilenexttowhere employed lying will be future present perfect present perfect took set past has visited have talked will succeed had arrived past perfect laid will becalling future—prog future watches present present feels here sixmonths. will havepracticed had beenpreparing lay past perfect—prog future perfect believed I shallhavebeen past future perfect lying sitting es ,p 150 p. Tense B, E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. ysrn ra,I enough money foranairplanetickettoFlorida. all By springbreak, I night. mani- The neighbors’Rottweiler cures tosixclients. the By midmorning,Nisha campsite wellbefore dark. intothevegetable If wekeepupthispace, garden again. thefinalinstallmentonhis Your horse layaway purchase. Glenn happywiththeresults ofour remodeling project. We will sew will havefinished had repaired taught will haveread have found will berunning had promised realized washes will havefinished was hanging had bought has created will haveworked goes reviewed has concluded will address had beenrunning will be present—prog future is paying present perfect has gotten will havesaved future perfect past perfect had given present perfect has barked will reach future 63 L09NAGUMA10_060-067.qxd 12/11/07 2:32 PM Page 64

Consistency of Tense, p. 151 Modals Review, p. 154 EXERCISE EXERCISE Answers may vary. Answers may vary. 1. Tomorrow night we will go to the concert, 1. shall 11. might will join 2. 12. and Jane joined us. should should had 3. may 13. could 2. If you have asked me earlier, I would have 4. might 14. may been able to give you an answer. 5. 15. became must Can 3. Ever since Marilu will have become presi- 6. could 16. ought dent of the company, sales have increased. 7. can 17. would 4. My niece Claire had left before Harold 8. would 18. shall arrived arrives. 9. ought 19. could were 10. will 20. will 5. When you are at the store, did you pick up any onions? Active and Passive Voice, p. 155 y of the instructor. EXERCISE A 6. C P 1. Janice was told by the doctor to rest. 7. Pascal had been living in Italy for two P met 2. At ﬁrst, Alfredo was puzzled by the math months when he was meeting Rosa. problem. 8. What happened to the box of cereal we A bought 3. Po Lan’s mother and father encouraged her. have been buying yesterday? P 4. The dogwood blossoms were surrounded 9. C set by bumblebees. 10. Joel lifted the suitcase and has set it in the P 5. Helga’s lost kitten was found by a neighbor. overhead bin on the airplane. P 6. Liona was hit by a fast-moving ball. Modals A, p. 152 A EXERCISE 7. Robert Frost wrote “The Road Not Taken.” A Answers may vary. 8. Grazing sheep covered the pasture. 1. can 6. may P 9. The trapeze artist was watched closely by 2. may 7. must the crowd. 3. 8. might must P 4. could 9. could 10. The bouquet of ﬂowers was selected by 5. must 10. might Nahele.

EXERCISE B Modals B, p. 153 11. EXERCISE The winter winds blew the leaves from the Answers may vary. trees. 12. 1. ought 6. will The sun temporarily blinded Michael. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 13. 2. Should 7. should My cousin repaired the ampliﬁer. 14. 3. would 8. should College students painted the Kings’ house last summer. 4. Will 9. Will 15. Angelica decorated the wedding cake with 5. shall 10. ought sugar roses.

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Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. od .157 p. Mood, Answers mayvary. E 156 Using andRevising thePassive p. Voice, E 10. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key XERCISE XERCISE 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 8. 7. 6. 5. during thetrial. It isvitalthatsixteen-year-old SteveHarmon him? crime, people If thelawyerhadthoughtyoucommitteda calledamonsterbylawyer, how wouldyoufeel? If you until the1700s. Europeans continuedtheuseofmummy known. C. Theperformeroftheactionisnot medicine. Apothecaries thengavemummyas mified bodiesinto“mummy.” Apothecaries andhealerspoundedmum- known. C. Theperformeroftheactionisnot C. Theperformeroftheactionisnotknown. and replaced theorgans. At onepointinhistory, embalmerstreated internal organs. Ancient Egyptianembalmersremoved others practicedmummification. South American Incas,Egyptians,and the action. C. Passivevoiceemphasizesthereceiver of He isanaspiringfilmmaker, andhe inSteve’splace,Iwouldcertainly panic. ofplayingarole inthefatal If I shooting ofaconvenience-store owner. He Monster. chronicles Listen Keep remain IMP IMP SUB IND were is accused SUB these questionsinmindasyouread IND were to whatStevedoesremain calm would SUB positive throughout histrial. the trialinmoviescriptformat. believe IND 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. eiwATePicplPrso eb,p 158 p. Principal of Parts Verbs, Review A:The XERCISE 9. 3. 2. 1. Walter DeanMyers, Christopher Myers,sonoftheauthor sure thatSteveis innocent. Other readers readers maythinkthatSteveisguilty. During certainportionsofthebook,some thebookthat you read. by thisblackteenager The moviescriptandjournalentrieswritten after themurder. ajournalinwhichhe records thoughtsabouthislifebefore and Steve also thetherapeuticvalue of writingaboutproblems. Many people when youare inastressful situation. thispractice I recommend thatyou [a] [c] [a] horse. sweater hasshrunk. [a] . Monster believedthesuspenseful,realistic YALSA Monster Someone suggestedthat YALSA books forteenagers tion (YALSA) believes thatoutstanding The Young Adult LibraryServices Associa- my dad. Christopher, Iwouldbeproud of working onanaward-winning project with If I chosen well. Consider IMP They swamwell. They havestolenapples. He begunthefight. The lakehadfrozen over. were A SUB began for itsMichaelL.Printz Award. had earned the MichaelL.Printz Award. keeps IND IND [c] realize will be IND IND He hasdrove the tractor. should behonored the award. illustrated [c] SUB form IND try [b] IND I haverode that driven Who boughtit? IND IND [b] [b] ridden Monster. You had The consider SUB 65 L09NAGUMA10_060-067.qxd 12/11/07 2:32 PM Page 66

broken raised 4. [a] It had broke. [b] He has bought shoes. 8. We rose the curtain to see if the sun had [c] They had fallen. risen. rang 5. [a] The bell rung. [b] The boy ran. [c] The 9. Having grown tired of wandering around lay teacher saw him. the house, the sick child laid down to rest. drove sit 6. [a] You drank it. [b] We drived there. [c] She 10. The lazy dog would just set there in its ran fast. favorite spot for hours. 7. [a] He stole it. [b] The bell rang. [c] She had EXERCISE B spoken C spoke. I [11] had a curious accident one day last was riding written [12] 8. [a] We have wrote. [b] She has fallen. [c] It summer. Late one afternoon I am riding my bicycle down a busy street when someone was frozen. opened gone suddenly [13] opens the door of a parked car 9. [a] You had given. [b] He has went. [c] C right in front of me. The bicycle [14] slammed They have taken. was thrown into the car door, and I [15] am thrown into 10. [a] We had ridden. [b] It had begun. [c] He y of the instructor. chosen the front seat, right next to the driver. When I has chose. realized happened [16] realize that the driver [17] happens to be EXERCISE B one of the science teachers from the high 11. gone 16. came C school, I [18] was overcome with embarrass- 12. threw 17. sat ment. Much to my surprise, however, the 13. took 18. spoken apologized teacher [19] apologizes to me at length and 14. saw 19. taken blamed [20] blames himself for being careless. Do you 15. ran 20. did think this incident proves that teachers know Review B:Troublesome Verbs and Tense, p. 159 they make mistakes, too? EXERCISE A Review C: Principal Parts,Tense, and Voice, 1. C p. 160 2. By nine o’clock in the morning, the temper- EXERCISE A risen ature had raised to ninety-ﬁve degrees. 1. chose 4. run lying 2. 5. 3. A watchdog was laying at the front gate, written frozen 3. swum ready to pounce on any unsuspecting stranger who might approach the house. EXERCISE B Answers may vary. sat 6. Katherine Davalos Ortega has worked in 4. The man set in a comfortable chair near the her family’s restaurant and other businesses ﬁreplace. when she was a small child. Katherine 5. After 6:00 P.M., the price of movie admission rises will rise Davalos Ortega worked in her family’s

raises to eight dollars. [or . . . raises to eight Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit restaurant and other businesses when she was dollars.] a small child. 6. Before you leave, please straighten the news- lying 7. C papers that are laying all over the table. 7. C

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Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. eiwD oasadMo,p 161 p. ModalsandMood, Review D: 10. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key Answers mayvary. E XERCISE 9. 8. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. president ofaCaliforniabank. By 1975,shewillbecometheﬁrstwoman business careerinstead. by herinstead. As aresult, abusinesscareer waspursued should might could may would to beTreasurer oftheUnited States. abilities, President Reagan nominated her Reagan tobeTreasurer oftheUnitedStates. sional abilities,wasnominatedbyPresident Ms. Ortega,inrecognition ofherprofes- California bank. had becomethefirstwomanpresidentofa In recognitionofMs.Ortega’s professional A As aresult,shepursued a 10. 6. 9. 8. 7. should will ought may Can By 1975,she 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E 20. 19. 18. XERCISE pile. acloud,Iwouldresemble mis- shapen cottonballstossedatrandomintoa If I across thesky. clouds shiftingshapesandtravelinglazily It isvitaltomypeaceofmindthatI themfrom anairplanewin- dow, cloudshavefascinatedme. Since Iﬁrst count. more interesting to I thinkthatclouds sheepwhentheycan- not sleep. Some people lae mewhatyouthinkofmypursu- ing acareer asacloudsculptor. a Please meteorologist. My fathersuggestedthatI as carefree asacloud. Just asIdo,youmaywish observed. identical clouds? Did Think IMP were B SUB o thatIhaveneverseentwo you IMP of theshapescloudsyouhave tell know IND IND saw count IND IND are become SUB were SUB watch SUB 67 L09NAGUMA10_068-075.qxd 12/11/07 2:34 PM Page 68

Chapter 8: Using Modifiers Correctly, Phrases Used as Modifiers, p. 163 pp. 162-183 EXERCISE A Adjective or Adverb? p. 162 1. Now is not the time to play games. EXERCISE A 2. Professor De La Rosa is writing instructions 1. In European fairy tales, a dragon is usually on the chalkboard. bad. 3. Napping soundly, I did not hear the door- 2. Chinese dragons, however, are said to bring bell ring. good fortune. 4. The answer to your question is yes. 3. During the last Chinese New Year, a dragon 5. When the streets are slick, drive with moved slowly down the street. caution. 4. I felt bad because I missed seeing the run- 6. Sprinkled with pepper, the mashed ner carrying the pearl of fire. potatoes tasted much better. 5. However, we all clapped loudly as we 7. The sea churned too roughly for the y of the instructor. watched the parade. windsurfers. EXERCISE B ADJ 8. The wedding invitation, written in calligra- 6. Forms of dance contain recognizable phy, was unusual and quite beautiful. elements. ADJ 9. “This is the document to encrypt with the 7. The elements enable knowledgeable people new code,” said the military officer. to identify the type of dance. ADV 10. The fan, anchored to the ceiling, provided 8. A ballet usually includes the elements of welcome relief from the heat. music, costume, and scenery. ADJ EXERCISE B – ADJ 9. Anna Pavlova (1881 1931) was a famous 11. Born in Harlem, Colin Powell is the son of ballerina from Russia. Jamaican immigrants. ADV 10. Pavlova toured widely during her career. 12. Powell’s parents taught him the value ADJ 11. In the 1910s and 1920s, the ballets of Sergei of hard work and education. ADJ – ADV Diaghilev (1872 1929) were popular. 13. After graduating from college, Powell was 12. The productions of Diaghilev reflected a commissioned as a second lieutenant in the ADJ skillful collaboration between choreogra- Army. ADV pher, designer, and composer. 14. ADJ For heroic achievement in combat, he 13. Professionals are not the only ones who earned a Bronze Star Medal. ADJ practice ballet. 15. Suffering from his own wounds, he had led ADJ 14. Members of the general public take classes his battalion to safety. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit

for fun or exercise. Clauses Used as Modifiers, p. 164 ADV 15. Children happily perform The Nutcracker at EXERCISE A ADV Christmas. 1. Before he bought a video from the Web site, Alfred checked other sites for a better price.

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ADJ ADJ 2. The game show contestant who won the 2. The children who formed the group were grand prize was the woman from Montana. led by a French shepherd boy, Stephen. ADJ 3. The first comb that you should use on the 3. In a vision, Stephen had received a letter ADJ horse is the wire currycomb. from Jesus to deliver to the French king. ADV ADJ 4. Regis nibbled on fruit slices while Scott 4. Journeying with the letter to the king, sipped apple juice. Stephen was joined by thousands of other 5. Dale studies mathematics and science care- children. ADV fully because he wants to be an engineer. 5. Some of the group decided to conquer the ADJ EXERCISE B Holy Land, which was held by Muslims. ADV 6. After I read Animal Farm, I became interest- 6. According to their plan, they would take ed in the life of the author George Orwell. the Holy Land with love, not violence. 7. George Orwell is the pen name that Eric 7. Around thirty thousand children reached ADV

y of the instructor. Arthur Blair used. the French seaport Marseille before disaster 8. Orwell was born to English parents who struck. ADJ were living in Bengal, India. 8. Merchants who had offered them free trans- 9. Before he became a novelist, Orwell served port to the Holy Land sold them as slaves in the Indian Imperial Police in Burma. in North Africa. ADJ 10. The country that is now called Myanmar 9. Inspired by Stephen’s crusade, a ten-year- was known as Burma then. old boy named Nicholas continued 11. Orwell began writing essays, stories, and Stephen’s work. ADV novels after he left Burma. 10. In 1218, Nicholas, a German, began preach- 12. The poor who lived in Europe were the ing about the Children’s Crusade of 1212. ADJ subject of Down and Out in Paris and London. 11. The children whom he attracted as 13. Another Orwell novel, which I read last followers numbered around twenty thou- year, is 1984. sand. ADJ 14. When he wrote the essay “Shooting an 12. Their path to the Holy Land led through Elephant,” Orwell included autobiographi- Italy, where they split into groups. ADV cal material. 13. Many children died of starvation and 15. Before he died in 1950, Orwell had become disease. ADV famous and prosperous from his writing. 14. Because they needed to cross the Mediterra-

Phrases and Clauses Used as Modifiers, p. 165 nean Sea, some children went to Genoa. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit EXERCISE 15. No ship’s captain was agreeable enough ADV ADV 1. During the summer of 1212, thousands of to allow them passage. ADJ European children launched a religious 16. Traveling to Rome, some of the children crusade. encountered the pope, Innocent III.

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ADJ 17. Innocent III, who felt compassion toward Eight Troublesome Modifiers, p. 168 the children, released them from their cru- EXERCISE A sade vows. 1. good 5. bad 9. well ADJ 18. Betrayed by slave traders, many of the chil- 2. really 6. bad 10. slowly dren were sold as slaves. 3. bad 7. well ADJ 19. One mystery that remains is the fate of 4. well 8. slowly

Nicholas, the leader. EXERCISE B ADV 11. 14. 20. After the crusade was over, no trace of him slowly C 12. really 15. good remained. 13. well Bad and Badly/Good and Well,p.166 Regular Comparison, p. 169 EXERCISE A EXERCISE A 1. good 5. well 9. badly 1. most exciting 6. most beautiful

2. bad 6. badly 10. well 2. faster 7. most effective y of the instructor. 3. well 7. well 3. more graceful 8. funnier 4. 9. 4. bad 8. well most expensive less crowded 5. heaviest 10. milder EXERCISE B EXERCISE B 11. With so much salt, the meatloaf tasted bad 11. easiest 14. faster badly. well 12. more fun 15. less common 12. You did quite good on that pop quiz. 13. more frequently

13. C Irregular Comparison, p. 170 well 14. LaTanya speaks French good enough to get EXERCISE A her ideas across. 1. better 6. best 2. farthest [or furthest] 7. worse 15. The student in driver’s education drove badly 3. more 8. best bad. 4. better 9. worst Slow and Slowly/Real and Really,p.167 5. less 10. more EXERCISE A EXERCISE B worst 1. slow 5. really 9. really 11. The firefighter said this is the baddest fire 2. really 6. slowly 10. slowly she has ever seen. better 3. slowly 7. real 12. Rhonda, although short, is gooder at bas- 4. real 8. slowly ketball than many of us.

XERCISE E B 13. Of the three desserts offered, I like fruit Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit most 11. real 14. slowly salad mostest. 12. really 15. real best 14. The patient declared, “This is the wellest 13. slow I’ve felt in days!” 15. C

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Regular and Irregular Comparison A, p. 171 18. Of the three poems I showed to the editor, best EXERCISE worse he thought this one was written the wellest. 1. This storm was even badder than the last 19. Beth and Ronny finished their science faster one. experiment more fast than the other teams. 2. C 20. Vicky became ill yesterday, and today she is more humorous worse 3. My speech was humorouser than any other iller than before. speech in the class. more intelligent Regular and Irregular Comparison B, p. 172 4. Sharla was the intelligenter of the two job EXERCISE A applicants. 1. worst 6. worse more courageous 2. less believable 7. less 5. Do you think Pocahontas was courageouser 3. most 8. worst than Sacagawea? older 4. more tired 9. better 6. Juan, Ricardo’s twin brother, was more old 5. least friendly 10. least surprising

y of the instructor. by three-and-a-half minutes. EXERCISE B 7. C [11] In the 1980s some musical groups were better 8. People who live along this road complain more well known than others. [12] One of the worst most unusual that it is the most bad in the entire town- unusualest popular groups was a band called ship. Menudo. [13] The singing group itself was better 9. Floyd and his son are both landscape more well known than any of its members better designers, but Floyd is the more well because the individual members kept changing. known of the two. [14] When a singer reached the age of sixteen, younger he was replaced by a more young one. 10. C more consistent [15] Thus, the sound remained consistenter 11. Both the strawberry and the vanilla yogurt than the performers. tasted good, but the strawberry was more sweeter sweet. Use of Comparative and Superlative Forms A, p. 173 12. Looking across the water at the sunset, you most magnificent EXERCISE A can see the magnificentest view you can 1. most assuredly 6. most practical imagine. 2. most violent 7. most irritating youngest 13. Angelina is the most young of the three friends. 3. simpler 8. more entertaining more expensive 4. scariest 9. warmest 14. A new house is going to be expensiver 5. most interesting 10. bigger today than it would have been a few years EXERCISE B ago. any other woman 11. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit more distinctly Elsie is funnier than any woman I know. 15. Why didn’t you answer distinctlier? 12. I browsed through a number of shirts and 16. I thought the questions on that test were most harder selected the one I liked more. more hard than usual. 13. C 17. Of all the go-carts in the race, Bart’s went farthest the most far.

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more fun 14. Riding dirt bikes is most fun than riding a 5. If you hurry, you’ll get better seats than else ten-speed bicycle. anyone. least fresh ^ 15. This container of yogurt is the less fresh one 6. The essay question on the English exam the one on the exam on the shelf. was harder than biology. ^ ^ Use of Comparative and Superlative Forms B, 7. C p. 174 8. The buffet table held corn, carrots, and EXERCISE best beans. I chose corn since I like it better. Answers may vary. ^ 1. Alyssa’s handwriting is less legible than 9. The mother-daughter camping trip occurs other José’s. before any activity of the year. ^ 2. Tana’s argument for the change was better the ones on 10. The skirts on this rack are smaller than that supported than Kim’s was. ^ 3. rack. These items from the drugstore are cheaper did than the ones at the salon. 11. Frankie tossed the ball higher than Johnny. ^

4. y of the instructor. While in India, Wynona photographed the 12. Of the two dishes, the shrimp tempura is Taj Mahal more often than Elzie did. healthy less healthier than the steamed shrimp. 5. The football program at my new school ^ appears to be better than the one at my last 13. Everyone agrees that Brent writes more else school. exciting stories than anyone in the class. ^ 6. I laughed at the humorous mistake as much I buy in 14. I buy more clothes over the Internet than as Glenda did. ^ stores. 7. Marty sent a larger bouquet of flowers to Candace than Raquel did. 15. C 8. The volume on the radio is higher than the 16. When I was in the fifth grade, I thought volume on the TV. Dixie Porter was the most prettiest girl in 9. On Saturday, Dayna spent more on groceries than Judy did. the world. likes hers 10. Jerome complimented his date as often as 17. Luis likes his career more than Irma. ^ Terry complimented his date. 18. Of the numerous items I placed in the con- most Use of Comparative and Superlative Forms: signment store, the carved chest is more Review, p. 175 ^ valuable. EXERCISE other 19. I prefer goldfish to any pet because they Answers may vary. ^ 1. I found the television’s remote control don’t bark, scratch, or need to go outside. did before my brother. 20. The temperatures in Florida are milder than ^ the temperatures in Maine. 2. Of all the football players who played in ^ muddiest

the rain, Todd is muddier. Correcting Dangling Modifiers, p. 176 Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit ^ thick 3. This is the least thickest the ice on the lake EXERCISE ^ Answers may vary. has been all winter. better 1. After turning on the radio, I woke up the 4. I like steamed rice, but I like fried rice best. ^ baby. 2. C

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3. C Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers A, p. 178 4. Looking in the closet, she found her cam- EXERCISE A era. 1. From our seats we could see the stage clear- 5. Grapefruit juice doesn’t taste very good ly in the balcony. when drunk after eating yogurt. 2. The guest speaker had dedicated his book 6. Aimed at the target, the arrow hit the tree. 7. When trying to understand new words, to his dog who was an archaeologist. you will find a dictionary is useful. 3. I bought the red coat from the new shop 8. Playing too close to the house, we broke a with the enormous hood. window. 4. Shining brightly in the distance, the weary 9. C travelers were happy to see a restaurant 10. While washing the dishes, he broke a china cup. sign.

Correcting Misplaced Modifiers, p. 177 5. The magazine is in the pile on the third EXERCISE shelf that you requested. y of the instructor.

Double arrows indicate modifiers that can appear in EXERCISE B more than one place in the sentence. Answers may vary. 1. I bought a ladder to fix the roof that was 6. After raking the leaves, we carried them to sturdy. the compost pile. 7. Walking in the sunshine felt warm. 2. Martin watched a radiant sunset climbing a 8. Peering through the trees, we saw that the hill. path ahead was evident. 3. Wanda offered me the book swinging in the 9. Relieved, I learned all of the tests had pass- hammock. ing grades. 10. To save money, we clipped many coupons. 4. C Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers B, p. 179 5. Earl discovered many beetles examining the EXERCISE rosebushes. Answers may vary. 6. C 1. Carrying ribbons and trophies, the winners 7. Lorraine swatted the flies near the sand- marched off the platform. 2. The smoke alarm went off while I was wiches that were buzzing around. cooking my dinner. 8. Carlos found another fuse in the drawer 3. A young woman wearing a suit and a hat that was no good. knocked on the door. 9. Isabel bought a blue dress from the clothing 4. Several students who had questions remained after class and spoke to the store in the mall with black stripes. teacher.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 10. Under my bed I found my revised history 5. Rosetta is performing shows that are very paper. entertaining for children in hospitals. 6. I needed more varnish to finish my project in shop class. 7. Mother found a package tied with ribbons outside our house.

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8. Feeling quite hungry, the librarian thought 18. Despite the grounds crew’s efforts to paint evenly only of her upcoming lunch break. the yard lines even, the paint job looked 9. My friends will love these bagels covered in bad. cream cheese. 19. If you work more carefully and draw each 10. Walking from door to door, they hung fliers slowly on each doorknob. line slow, you will see better results.

Review A: Forms of Modifiers, p. 180 20. Because he was hot and tired after playing really EXERCISE for so long, Carlos wasn’t real excited about well 1. Even when the team plays good, the coach the game. is seldom pleased. Review B: Comparison of Modifiers, p. 181 2. C EXERCISE A worst 3. The coach believes that a loss or tie reflects 1. Mallory is the worse clarinet player I’ve poorly poor on his ability. ever heard. better 2. 4. Schools and colleges want teams that are Nico sings more better than anyone else in y of the instructor. successfully coached successful. his class. most 5. C 3. English is the more difficult subject for me. well more 6. If the team plays good, the coach will be 4. Of the two sports, tennis is probably most happy. popular. really quickly 7. Sometimes the losing players feel real dis- 5. Whoever in the class answers most quickest appointed. will win the game. other 6. 8. C That star shines more brightly than any^ star easily in its galaxy. 9. Teams could win easy if all the players did 7. Of all the songs I’ve heard you play, that as the coach instructed. best last one was better. 10. Teams who don’t practice as often as they most slowly should improve more slow. 8. Your brother is the more handsome senior I clearly know. 11. Is it easy to think clear in a locker room? sincere sharply 9. Miguel is the most sincerest young man 12. If a coach speaks too sharp, players may I’ve ever met. stop listening. less really 10. Your car idles least smoothly than mine. 13. If a lecture is real negative, some players EXERCISE B might not respond well. Answers will vary. 14. C 11. When you compare football and baseball, rougher 15. To generalize about sports is to speak Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit inaccurately football is the roughest game of the two. inaccurate. 12. For the most part, the players on the foot- 16. those on C ball team are bigger than the baseball team. badly ^ 17. else A whining child behaved bad during the 13. A tackle may be bigger than anyone in his ^ entire game. class.

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friendly 14. No player is more friendlier than our team 9. C captain. 10. At the end of the skit, a boy was reunited 15. Our team manager talks with the players with his family who had wandered off by does more than the coach. [or Our team manag- himself. ^ he talks with er talks with the players more than the ^ 11. Watching the skit closely, the actors coach.] received loud applause from the athletes. worst 16. What was the worse moment of the team 12. A cheerleader is rarely seen talking to the manager’s life? football captain in a long dress. more 17. Of the two possibilities, this one is the most 13. C logical. 14. The sports reporters could hear our pep 18. When our equipment disappeared, the band playing in the press box. else manager was more stunned than anyone. ^ 15. The dog had interrupted a play that was

y of the instructor. 19. C chased off the field. other 20. Our coach is better than any coach in the ^ Review D: Correct Use of Modifiers, p. 183 city. EXERCISE Review C: Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers, Answers may vary. p. 182 1. Seeing that no damage had been done, the EXERCISE A two people drove their cars away in oppo- Answers will vary. site directions. 1. C 2. The cold juice tasted really good to the thirsty runner. 2. Covered with sweat from the hot sun, I thought the ocean looked inviting. 3. Which pet have you had longer, your rabbit or your cat? 3. To iron my delicate silk shirt, I must set the iron to the correct temperature. 4. Walking carefully over the broken cobble- stones, the woman made her way down the 4. Before learning of the party, I thought my lane. weekend seemed boring. 5. C 5. Typing the command into the computer, I saved the file on the hard drive. 6. Working long hours, he achieved success after many years. EXERCISE B 7. Double arrows indicate modifiers that can appear in Although her choice of colors wasn’t the more than one place in the sentence. best, she arranged the flowers well. 8. By looking through a telescope, I could see 6. Our coach thanked me for the safety that the far shore dimly. produced the winning points after the 9. Of the three movies we watched last week- game. end, the third one was the scariest. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 7. Between the bench and the press box, we 10. A well-trained police officer remains calm in emergencies. learned there was a telephone. 8. The team was taken on a tour of the cam- pus visiting our school.

Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics: Language Skills Practice Answer Key 75 L09NAGUMA10_076-079.qxd 12/11/072:35PMPage76 76 10. E 10. E 184 p. ofUsage A, Glossary 184–193 pp. ofUsage, AGlossary Chapter 9: lsayo sg ,p 185 p. ofUsage B, Glossary XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. school. I inventedanew, quickerroute homefrom C forced toimmigratefrom theircountries. During World War II,manyJewswere time thanifIdon’tmakeaschedule. If Imakeaweeklyschedule,wastefewer States. many peoplewhoemigratedtotheUnited The StatueofLibertyreminds usofthe understand me. My grandparents sometimesdoesn’t C I couldofdefendedmyactions,butdidnot. more fruit juiceatthestore. Please buylessbottlesofsoftdrinksand light. racial prejudice, discovered thefirsttraffic Garrett A. Morgan, despitefacingsevere among as fast lend that aren’t take accept Besides bring effects could have discovered A emigrate fewer invented immigrated 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. an etc. break Because a while hammer anywhere allusions a lot all right don’t less lsayo sg ,p 186 p. ofUsage C, Glossary 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E 14. 13. 12. 11. E E 20. 19. XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. might have Somalia fadeaway. Iman, however, don’tletthememoryof might ofputtheirhomelandbehindthem. Many immigrantsinIman’sposition ments well! definitely performhermodelingassign- With herfinebonestructure, Imanmay C the UniversityofNairobi. Photographer PeterBeard inventedImanat Mogadishu, butshedidnot. She couldofstayedinherhometown Somalians whohadfewermoney. Her familywaswealthy, butshesawmany Somalia. The famousmodelImanimmigratedfrom the sideofTexas highways. You hadn’toughttopickbluebonnets from description inthisarticle. I canimplytheirappearancefrom the Dakota willgrow inmystate. Hopefully thesepasqueflowersfrom South for creating theexhibitofstateflowers. The horticulture clubare proud oftheirself themselves Ohioans ought had infer C and keepsSomaliainhermind. She inventedtheimportanceofhomeland I hope could have B B A discovered E EET OF LEMENTS infer ought not doesn’t L ANGUAGE less 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. discovered ought not implies flag edges I hope emigrated FourthCourse | themselves can

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. lsayo sg ,p 187 p. ofUsage D, Glossary 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 13. 12. 11. E E 10. E 20. lsayo sg ,p 188 p. ofUsage E, Glossary XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Illinois. I wishhadofgottensomenativevioletsin flower isthepinecone. Mr. GarzahetoldmethatMaine’sstate not rhyme. Blank verseiswhenthelines inapoemdo C poetry writingsome. This rhyming dictionarywillhelpyour that that those than unless teach as though from numberof A these types rather learn let outside kind of while weare inNewMexico. We hadoughttophotographtheyucca the bouquetoforangeblossomshisself. My escorttothepageantinFloridachose party. roses inthedecorationsforhergraduation My Georgian cousinsheusedCherokee C Mr. Garza A B ought had means that somewhat cousin 10. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 9. 8. 7. 6. as though off way try to that that supposed to as if The numberof kind of outside teach as if Let sorts himself h obeNgtv,p 189 p. The DoubleNegative, osxs agae .190 p. Nonsexist Language, 12. 11. Answers mayvaryslightly. E E 15. 14. given. Nonsexist termsmayvary. Sampleresponses are E 15. 14. 13. XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. the grass,butIcouldn’tseenothing. I couldhearsomethingcrawlingthrough Sharks don’thavenobonesintheirbodies. DN DN DN DN DN formation. regular rhyme scheme,meter, orstanza Free verseis poetrywhere there isno feet perline. This here blankversepoemhasfiveiambic become coldanduncaring. Some peoplethinkthatmankind has donations toashelterforthehomeless. They helptheirfellowmanbytakingthese and offices setoutboxesfordonations. Some ofthebusinessmeninnearbyshops to alocalsoupkitchen. deliverymanwilltakeallthedonations A collecting donationsofcannedfood. In myneighborhood, themailmenare the twinsuntilIhadknownthemawhile. I couldn’thardly tellthedifference between find none. I thoughthadared pencil,butIcouldn’t the cartogethome. Isabel hadn’tscarcely enoughgasolinein delivery person could B A A This one had business people any humans 10. letter carriers that has 9. 8. 7. 6. humanity DN S DN DN S anything 77 L09NAGUMA10_076-079.qxd 12/11/072:35PMPage78 eiwA omnUaePolm,p 191 p. Common Usage Problems, Review A: 78 11. E E 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. given. Nonsexist termsmayvary. Sampleresponses are E 10. XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. reported ittotheranger station. hikingpartytheyspottedabrush fire and A fewer effect take invented way made ofaman-made,flame-proof material. seamstress donatedchildren’s sleepwear A meeting onjobsintheairlineindustry. Some stewards andstewardesses hosteda clinics. her timewasaskedtogivepersonal-safety Any policemanwhovolunteered hisor houses. installed fire extinguishersintenement Enrico, whoisafireman, donatedand her timetosheltersinhisorhometown. Each ofourcongressmen volunteered hisor significant difference inourcommunity. With enoughmanpower, wewillmakea his Saturdays toaninner-city healthclinic. My cousin,whoisamalenurse,donates winter fortheSalvation Army. Our localweathermancollectscoatseach lessons atawomen’sshelter. I knowaseamstress whogivesfree sewing do care. food andclothingknowthatsomepeople The workersandhousewiveswhodonate needleworker B A B police officer hiking party needleworker meteorologist representatives synthetic human resources flight attendants firefighter homemakers 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. emigration inferred accept any police officer eiwB omnUaePolm,p 192 p. Common Usage Problems, Review B: 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E E 20. XERCISE XERCISE 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. nowhere. The missingsuitcasecouldnotbefound cion hadgoodalibis. Both ofthepeoplewhichwere undersuspi- next week. reports ready before thecitycouncilmeets The commissionerswilltryandhavetheir I wishcouldofgoneonthetrip. C the ragingflames. Both firemen were affected bytheheatfrom job. Being asIneededmoney, Itookapart-time the classroom. rium forrehearsal untilwehadcleanedup Mrs. Howouldn’tleaveusgototheaudito- I didn’tjoinyoubecause I waskindoftired. more thoroughly. I couldofdonebetterifhadprepared was flooded. When apipebustedlastweek,ourhouse please hangthepicture forme? Being thatyouare tallerthanI,wouldyou What sortofapartyare youplanning? written. Your essayislonger thenanythatIhave anything beside Among person teach them foreign cars. We were surprisedtoseeherdrivingoneof those anywhere Because Because could have B A firefighters E EET OF LEMENTS sort of could have burst [or [or Since Since [or who ] ] L broke ANGUAGE let [or than 10. rather ] 9. 8. 7. 6. that try to except either effect fewer implied ] FourthCourse | [or somewhat ]

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. eiwC omnUaePolm,p 193 p. Common Usage Problems, Review C: given. in standard,formalusagemay. Samplerevisions are Multiple choiceanswerswillnotvary;butrevisions E 20. 19. 18. 17. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key XERCISE 2. 1. Where didyouleavethebookat? C C seemedasifweshould a Ishould[ c one Iread. This bookismore interesting thenthelast or I oughtto] book than 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. Anappealtothecommonperson b Ishouldhavestayed. a Lethimfinishit. c actedasiftheywere tired b thissortofbook b thecrew’s supervisor a trytofindit b thishouse c 79 L09NAGUMA10_080-086.qxd 12/11/072:36PMPage80 .194 p. 80 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. E E First Words, 194 pp. Capitalization, Chapter 10: XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. what iheard was us, oZeus.” the firstlineiread inthepoemwas“hear on mylist.” Heather answered, “no,notyet,butit’s mentary aboutCuba?” Finn asked,“haveyouseenthenewdocu- ing “yourstruly, Lisa”incursiveletters. i alwayssignmyletterstofriendsbywrit- ple “love,Grandma.” Grandmother closedtheletterwithasim- began. “my dearest Sandra,”thehandwrittenletter potential. “a fire tobelighted”suggeststhemind’s to befilledbutafire tobelighted.” Plutarch oncesaid,“themindisnotavessel Grandma.” dear Kayla,”andendwith“lovealways, her letterstomeusuallybeginwith“my my dreams.” “the midnightsuncastsshadowso’er our classdiscussedthemeaningofline photographs. in theatticifoundaboxofoldfamily we laugh! we watchedthatmovie,andoh,did “what canidoforyou,omightymaster?” the maincharactersaidtotinyant, A B – 211 I and O, Salutations andClosings,Salutations — oh, it’snotimportant. rprNusadAjcie ,p 195 p. Proper NounsandAdjectives A, rprNusadAjcie ,p 196 p. Proper NounsandAdjectives B, Exercise B 10. E 15. 10. E 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. learning aboutdr. martinlutherking,jr. the respected rebecca thatcher, ph.d. texas patriotdonerasmoseguin fluffy’s grooming habits the worksofjamesjoyce C m.f.k. fisher my favoriteshakespearean sonnet mary mcleodbethune reading adickensclassic My Captain!” Walt Whitman’stributebegins,“oCaptain! door county, wisconsin driving oninterstate10 a countryinthesouthernhemisphere touring theeastcoast[ the capitalcityofhaiti a cruise onthe mediterraneansea a desertinthemiddleeast C hiking through saskatchewanprovince helicopter rideovertheislandofmaui RenoirMasterpiece Auction Of A The BattlesOfWilliam TheConqueror My FamilyDoctor, EmilyShapiro, M.D. Lassie TheCourageousCollie The Well-known H.G.Wells Novel A A E EET OF LEMENTS L ANGUAGE or C ] FourthCourse |

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key rprNusadAjcie ,p 197 p. Proper NounsandAdjectives C, 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E 10. E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E 18. XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Lafayette ParishBusRoute The CityofDetroit The West Newcomb CollegeFreshman a tourofthesmithsonianinstitution habitat forhumanityvolunteer C kelley’s hardware store specials recommendations american medicalassociation north carolina statesenatecommittee duke universityadmissionsoffice cheering chicagobullsfans st. judechildren’s research hospitalpatient driving anewtoyotatacomapickup Bay OfNaples Ferry toDauphinIsland Expedition onMountEverest RegionofSouthDakota A South ofHouston The Sunbelt Nova ScotiaCoastline C Southwestern BellOperator C National HonorSocietyMember Frost NationalBankChecking Account Executives ofDellComputerCorporation St. LouisCardinals Cap B A B rprNusadAjcie ,p 198 p. Proper NounsandAdjectives D, rprNusadAjcie ,p 199 p. Proper NounsandAdjectives E, E 20. 19. 10. E 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E 10. XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. C critics award honored bythenationalsocietyoffilm craters ofthemoonnationalmonument photographing thebrooklyn bridge memorial field triptomountrushmore national the leaningtowerofpisa the pulitzerprize-winningnovel a tourofthetajmahal a rialtotheaterproduction The LeagueofWomen Voters C special olympicsvolunteer the periodofreformation C sunday brunch new yorkcitymarathoncompetitor living through thegreat depression C easter celebration super bowl learning aboutthemiddleages C Crossing aSuspensionBridge The CeilingoftheSistineChapel Newspaper Article aboutWindsor Castle Crossing theNatchezTrace ParkwayBridge the topofempire statebuilding A A B 81 L09NAGUMA10_080-086.qxd 12/11/072:36PMPage82 rprNusadAjcie ,p 201 p. Proper NounsandAdjectives G, 200 p. Proper NounsandAdjectives F, 82 E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. E 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Crossing Territory onthe Galaxy a Telescopic View ofthe Andromeda C an imageofvishnu a grecian urn reading from thetorah the european team C a britishnewspaper the japaneseambassador a meetingwiththelutherans a copyofthebhagavad-gita an italianrestaurant navajo lineageinmyfamily poetryhonoringallah sufi making amuslimpilgrimage a mapleleafonthecanadianflag memorizing versesfrom genesis a presbyterian minister a lovelypassoverfeast american indiantradition confucian socialprinciples studying thetalmudeachweek C C DayPresent Choosing aFather’s April Fool’sDaySurprise Annual LaborDaySale B A Orient Express rprNusadAjcie ,p 202 p. Proper NounsandAdjectives H, 13. 12. 11. E 10. E 15. 14. XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. iron-plated Ships. sun thanneptune. Sometimes, Plutoisactuallyclosertothe the Which shipdidColumbusactuallysailon, between the Jason isresearching theCivilWar battle Satellite the MoonasEarth’sOnlyNatural a PlannedSpaceflighttoMars the Tragedy oftheR.M.S. Photographs ofthe Studying theConstellationofUrsaMajor the RingsofSaturn a Tour oftheFamous ol tit i ceuews. could fitintohisschedule was tohearDr. The onlylanguagecourse thatTheodore IIclassthatDr. King wonthenobelpeaceprizein1964. I learnedinmy Martin LutherKing,jr., speak. 28,1963,more than200,000peo- ment andthe ple gathered nearthewashingtonmonu- wassenttogather On information aboutvenus. The spacecraft physics class. with thetelescopeshehadbuiltfor Hae Sincouldseetheringsaround large astheSun? Is betelgeusereally sixhundred timesas famous traincalled The bandispracticingasongabout B A august niña, August E EET OF LEMENTS the pinta, monitor linclon memorial Lincoln Memorial Nobel Magellan magellan history History L or the ANGUAGE Venus Spirit ofSt.Louis h cityofNewOrleans. the Jr. and the Peace Queen Mary Washington santa maría Titanic Prize FourthCourse | merrimack, german German ’s Sinking Monument saturn ? Saturn two

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. rprNusadAjcie:Rve,p 203 p. Review, Proper NounsandAdjectives: 13. 12. 11. 10. E Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 14. 13. 12. 11. E 10. E 15. 14. XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 8. 7. 6. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. the d-dayinvasion westminster abbey C aeo u o,whenwetravel out oftown. care ofourdog, Our neighbormr. Renfro sometimestakes travelsouth- entered west, andcross themississippiriverat southern shore of Linda plannedtoleavecleveland,onthe will be The guestspeakerforchemistryclasstoday in the contest. High Students from myEnglishclassatEvans Charlotte Hornets Gallaudet University moons ofJupiter Academy Award the President’s Councilon Aging Gulf ofMexico a Vietnamese grocery store Alice Walker Navajo settlement First NationalBank the boat on yomkippur the federalreserve bank spanish history C C gold medalflour st. louis,missouri. St. Louis,Missouri B B A school School H. LorenzoWebber, M.D. h. lorenzo webber, m.d. ariadne Mr. warren township Warren Township bubba, Bubba Lake Erie lake erie, Mississippi River Cleveland ilsA .204 p. Titles A, E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 10. XERCISE 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. research paper. I gaveherandprofessor Choacopyofmy celebrations. westerns. shows old Every saturday morning,thebijoutheater ed abookleton The americanautomobileassociationprint- on displayatthe Several mummiesfrom ancientEgyptare picnicat Kaloma planstoattendtheuniversityof of Potter Park. They heldthe hills region. Mr. Itohhasplannedexcursionsto C best chocolatechipcookies. Our classmatesthinkauntBettymakesthe C main auditorium. ten minutestosilencethestudentsin It hastakenprincipalHarveyandms.Lee lovely brooch forherbirthday. My sisterandIgavegrandmotherTodd a senator Hall. We are honored toaccommodateyou, C strategy, captain? Can youdiscussyourlong-rangemilitary our local[ Mr. Hemphillrecently metCarrieBenjamin, yellowstone nationalpark virginia Hills Virginia Yellowstone National Park American Automobile Association audyBijouTheater Saturday in the or local] businessleaderoftheyear. Fourth fourth Fall. fall memorial day Memorial Day british museum. British Museum July july and the University Black black 83 L09NAGUMA10_080-086.qxd 12/11/072:36PMPage84 ils eiw .206 p. Review, Titles: 84 E 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. Answers willvary. Sampleresponses are given. E 10. E 205 p. Titles B, XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. dark tower.” Countee Cullenwrote thepoem“from the Willis deliverspapersforthe ever seenthemovie Dixie askedher Aunt Margaret ifshehad to attendtheceremony. No oneexpectedarchbishop DesmondTutu Our Town National Geographic “The MonsterMash” “Ode onaGrecian Urn” Star Wars parents’ specialsong. “As timegoesby”isthetitleofmygrand- review Peter reads boththe very nicelyconstructed. The firstchapterof C the importanceofbeingearnest. Last summerRoseleensawaproduction of the fascinating My brother andInevermissanepisodeof the Treaty OfVersailles onthetest. Mr. Scottsaidthere willbequestionsabout a subscriptionto Edgar, whowouldliketobeanengineer, has C taped tomybedroom mirror. I keepasmallprintofBotticelli’s A A B and the san josemercury news. nova. popular science h grapesofwrath the the miracleworker. columbia journalism detroit free press. magazine. la primavera is brvain,p 207 p. Abbreviations, ilsadAbeitos eiw .208 p. Review, Titles andAbbreviations: E 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. E E 10. XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. Wisconsin. Muskegon, Michigan,andGreen Bay, ferryoperatesonLakeMichiganbetween A Field MarshalBernard Montgomery Rebellion of1798 the book Prufrock” the poem“TheLoveSongofJ. Alfred the lastchapterof the painting the firstchapteringuidebook the BillofRights C Richards former-Governor Ann The DallasMorningNews school play, Suzanne, Terri, anddadallattendedthe Have youeverbeentoReed City, Michigan? Iphigenia atAulis. The Greek playwrightEuripideswrote Connick, Jr.? Do youenjoythemusicofHarry My favoritepresident was Abraham Lincoln. Dan’s favoriteprogram isshownonPBS. the care ofThomasSeguin,M.D.] Thomas Seguin.[ The patientisnowinthecare ofDr. per hour. The speedlimitinthisarea is25miles Mississippi. We liveonGrand Street inJackson, Eisenhower. The maninthepassingjeepwasGeneral ing at10:15. The bustoLos Angeles leaveseverymorn- this afternoon? Doctor, doyouhavetimetoseeMs.Wahl B E EET OF LEMENTS Year ofLiberty:TheGreat Irish Fiddler OnTheRoof. The NightWatch or L The CatcherintheRye ANGUAGE The patientisnowin FourthCourse |

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. eiwA sn aia etr,p 209 p. Using Capital Letters, Review A: Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. E E 10. XERCISE XERCISE 4. 3. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. Dr. EmilyJackson.[ Soon wewillbeabletoaddress mysisteras Doom The starof American War. Grandfather foughtinthe Spanish- Why, gerald,ididn’tknowyourGreat- Is RaleightheCapitalofnorthCarolina? friendship. Brown mentionedIrish-American in hisspeechonSt.Patrick’sDay, Mayor mountain withheryoungersister. On tuesdayIrene wenthikingonSentry side ofTimes Square?” she said,“isn’tthathotellocatedontheeast friends. please givemeyouradvice,omywisestof the town’smainsquare. StatueofgeneralWashington standsin A a a b a McCartney? “Yesterday” byJohnLennonandPaul How manyartistshaverecorded Wisconsin. José wenttovisit Aunt MariainWaukesha, tion tothemixture. Carefully add three ouncesofsalinesolu- Washington HighSchool’sgraduation? Has MayorLevineagreed tospeakat Woods onaSnowyEvening.” My uncle’sfavoritepoemis“Stoppingby headquarters. at NASA Governor Harringtonattendedaconference B A is HarrisonFord. Indiana JonesandtheTemple of 7. 6. 5. a b a or Emily Jackson,Ph.D.] 10. 9. 8. a b a eiwB sn aia etr,p 210 p. Using Capital Letters, Review B: eiwC sn aia etr,p 211 p. Using Capital Letters, Review C: 13. 12. 11. E E 20. 19. 18. E 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 4. 3. 2. 1. 2. 1. Compudata, inc. Her cousinhasappliedforajobat C bers for Our localTheaterisauditioningcastmem- b b a b National Park,”ms.garzacontinued. “the nation’sparksystemincludesGlacier which isonJefferson Avenue. sometimes ihelpoutatmyparents’ store, C have towinthisgame!” The Captaintoldtheteam members,“we sculptures offourU.S.Presidents. Mount rushmore NationalParkhaslarge plans foranewdomesticprogram. In Washington, D.C.,oneSenatorannounced about thenewDellComputers? Did youseethearticlesin book, Please askyour Aunt foracopyofher the soccerteam,hank?” Carlos asked,“are yougoingtotryoutfor of New York? Have youeverbeento Albany, theCapital C wonderful viewofPhoenix, Arizona. yesterday iclimbedSquawpeakandgota B A A Traveling withPets. The soundofmusic. 7. 6. 5. a b a PC Magazine 10. 9. 8. b b a 85 L09NAGUMA10_080-086.qxd 12/11/072:36PMPage86 86 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. reporters onthelawnofWhitehouse. President Clintonaddressed agroup of shakespearean plays. Two Broadway theatersare presenting in sunnyFlorida. Delta Airlines advertisesWinter vacations Society atourHighSchool. There isachapteroftheNationalHonor coast. the Atlantic hurricane ismovingNorthward along A C West toUtahinMay. My bestfriend’sfamilyisplanningtomove opened nearmyhouselastsummer. newpetstore calledCreepy critters A this poem,oh,wasisad! titled “ocaptain!mycaptain!” one abouttheassassinationofabrahamlincoln most famouspoemfrom thatcollectionisthe speaker’s grief. speaker’s o bells”conveysthegreat depthofthe of poetrycalled E Lincoln. poem, thespeakerismourningdeathof XERCISE [11] in 1866,waltwhitmanpublishedabook B E [14] EET OF LEMENTS The line“exult,oshores, andring, sequel toDrum-Taps. [15] The ﬁrsttimethatiread L ANGUAGE [13] FourthCourse | in this [12] the

Chapter 11: End Marks and Commas, Gen. Colin L. pp. 212=227 Powell 4. General Colin L Powell End Marks, p. 212 Rodney Johnson, Ph.D. EXERCISE A 5. Rodney Johnson, INT 1. Did you have a good time in Philosophiae Doctor Dr. Martin Luther Sacramento? King, Jr. 6. Doctor Martin DEC 2. A good breakfast is essential to a Luther King, Junior well-balanced diet. John Kim, M.D. 7. John Kim, Medical IMP 3. Look out for that runaway Doctor Mr. Stephen horse! Pescecane 8. Mister Stephen EXC 4. What a ridiculous idea that is! Pescecane the novelist DEC 5. Some berries would taste good on J.G. Farrell 9. the novelist J G . y of the instructor. that cereal Farrell EXERCISE B Col. Conrad Kilgore 10. Colonel Conrad 6. Please put the hammer back where you Kilgore found it. 7. What an extraordinary movie that was! Abbreviations B, p. 214 8. Will the plane arrive in Vienna on time? EXERCISE A 9. Many of John Wayne’s best ﬁlms were MSU 1. Both of my parents are grad- directed by John Ford. uates of Michigan State 10. Lana didn’t know why the new key University. wouldn’t work. SEC 2. All stockbrokers are governed 11. In England, the day after Christmas is known as Boxing Day. by the rules of the Securities 12. Be careful. [or !] That’s an expensive piece and Exchange Commission. of pottery. [or !] US [or USN] 3. After high school, Claudia 13. Have you ever wondered why the sky plans to enlist in the United turns green before a tornado ? States Navy. 14. Oh! What a lovely bouquet of ﬂowers. [or !] 15. Remy could scarcely believe what he was UN 4. Much good around the world seeing. has been done by the United Abbreviations A, p. 213 Nations. EXERCISE FBI 5. My uncle is an agent with the Rev. Burton Erickson 1. the Reverend the Federal Bureau of

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit Burton Erickson Investigation. Rep. John Conyers 2. Representative John EXERCISE B 6. Conyers My mother was born near Springﬁeld, Sen. Kay Bailey Illinois. Hutchison 3. Senator Kay Bailey 7. We are moving to New York, New York, Hutchison next month.

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8. C 5. Please forward all mail to Michico Conroy, 9. The poet T. S. Eliot was born in St. Louis, 1200 Michigan Ave. [or Avenue], Ann Arbor, Missouri, but lived much of his life in MI 48104. London, England. 6. According to the dictionary, Chaucer may 10. Maggio, Rosalie. The Dictionary of Bias-Free have been born in A.D. 1340. Usage: A Guide to Nondiscriminatory 7. Mr. Walter R. Estlund comes from Language. Phoenix, Ariz.: Oryx Press, 1991. Minneapolis, Minnesota. 8. Abbreviations C, p. 215 Now, add the following to the stew: 1 teaspoon salt, 1 tablespoon basil, 6 ounces EXERCISE chicken broth. 1. King John signed the Magna Carta in 9. A.D. 1215 The television set’s measurements are as 1215 AD. follows: 26 inches wide, 18 inches deep, and A.M. 22 inches tall. 2. The class starts promptly at 8:15 AM, so try 10. Martina Gonzalez, Ph.D., has recently been to be on time. hired by OSHA. 447 B.C. 3. Work began on the Parthenon in BC 447. Commas with Items in a Series, p. 217 y of the instructor. 4. The basement to the house needs to be dug EXERCISE feet 12 ft deep. Optional commas are underlined. B.C. 5. “Then, in the fourth century BC,” said the 1. Kanoa’s winning painting was of a scarlet narrator, “Alexander the Great was born.” rose, a yellow tulip, and a blue iris. 6. There are traces of inhabitants at the site as 2. The main ingredient in Katya’s salad dress- A.D. 650 early as 650 AD, archaeologists say. ing is delicious, tangy blue cheese. feet 7. How many ft are there in a mile? 3. Dennis, Talia, and Giuseppe volunteered to A.M. 8. Sunday services are held at 7:00 AM, rake the park. [If student interprets Dennis A.M. P.M. 9:00 AM, and 6:00 PM. as a noun of direct address, then Dennis, Talia and Giuseppe volunteered to rake the 9. The ﬁrst invasions of the Anglo-Saxons park.] may have occurred as early as the ﬁfth cen- A.D. tury AD. 4. The hurricane season brought hail, high winds, and thunderstorms to the coast. 10. All entries in the contest must be submitted Friday December P.M. by Fri., Dec. 8, 2009, at one o’clock PM. 5. C

Abbreviations Review, p. 216 6. She baked a loaf of bread, she made soup, EXERCISE and she cut up some fresh berries. 1. In 384 B.C., the philosopher Aristotle was 7. Randall’s jogging route took him around born. the lake, up a steep hill, and across an 2. The keynote speaker for the conference

empty ﬁeld. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit will give her address at 9:00 A.M. on October 28, 2001. 8. I believe that large, old, colorful rug was 3. Doesn’t the water table start at a depth of woven by my grandmother. 12 feet, 9 inches? 9. The thick, black clouds gathering overhead 4. My grandmother lived for a long time at 1428 Rae Dell Avenue, Austin, Texas. threatened rain at any moment.

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10. C 9. C 11. The ship left harbor on a cool, clear 10. The lake was calm, and the moon was a bright, yellow crescent. evening. 11. We’ve tried all sorts of cat foods, yet Sparky 12. C is never satisﬁed. 13. We had to decide among the dog, the cat, 12. C and the marmoset. 13. Basia had not cleaned her room, nor had she started tidying the garage. 14. He looked for his glasses on the kitchen 14. Ross missed the most spectacular meteor of counter, on his desk, and on the bedside the night, for he had his back turned at the table. time. 15. , 15. Some of my favorite Cajun foods include I don’t really like scary movies but I’ll come with you anyway. jambalaya, red beans and rice, and gumbo. 16. Suzanne brought some snacks to the party, 16. The damp , gray mist crept over the moors and her sister Rosalynne brought some

y of the instructor. as the moon rose. punch. 17. Did you let the dog out this afternoon, or 17. The shortstop dashed forward, snatched up did he get out on his own? the ball, and hurled it toward ﬁrst base. 18. C 18. The hiking trail wound up the hill, through 19. My sister had not come home yet, so I the thicket, and alongside the waterfall. decided to start dinner by myself. 20. I cannot list the encyclopedia in my bibliog- 19. The three books that make up The Lord of raphy, for I did not use it while writing my the Rings are The Fellowship of the Ring, The report. Two Towers, and The Return of the King. Commas with Nonessential Clauses and 20. C Phrases, p. 219 EXERCISE A Commas with Independent Clauses, p. 218 E 1. EXERCISE She returned all the books that she 1. Guillermo ordered two books from a cata- had borrowed from the library. log, but they haven’t arrived yet. E 2. All students trying out for the track 2. Hank gave away the tickets, for he had team should be excellent runners. made other plans and couldn’t go. 3. C N 3. Robert Frost, who taught at Harvard 4. The play was received well by the University, was a great poet. , audience but the critics disliked it. E 4. The man leading the parade is the 5. He refused to build a new fence, nor would mayor of our town. he repair the old one. 6. The test was very difﬁcult, yet everyone in N 5. The Nineteenth Amendment to the Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit the class passed it. U.S. Constitution, which was 7. There was a long line in front of the theater, adopted in 1920, granted women the so we decided to go to a concert. right to vote. 8. Are you going to the football game, or do 6. you want to play squash? E Trucks carrying explosives were not allowed to pass through the tunnel.

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N 7. I believe you’ll like the chicken 11. Laughing, Jim put the magazine back on enchiladas, which are a specialty at the table. this restaurant. 12. Well, let me think about that for a moment. 13. Of all the short stories in the anthology, my N 8. Our kitchen, recently remodeled, is favorite is “A Rose for Emily” by William the most comfortable room of all. Faulkner. E 9. Sylvia studied the theater’s show 14. While the audience was dazzled by the , times listed on page 8 of the news- ﬂash the magician disappeared. 15. When the scarecrow said good-bye to paper. Dorothy, Steve began to cry. E 10. Everyone who wants to have a 16. C successful garden must weed it 17. Sweating, the runner ﬁnished the race at regularly. the hottest part of the day.

EXERCISE B 18. Okay, let’s start the game. 11. John, who was named after his father, 19. Out of all the cats in the shelter, Jorge decided to name his son something else. picked the orange tabby. y of the instructor. 12. Dermot, remembering his training, lifted the 20. As her father looked on proudly, Celia took box with his knees and not with his back. the gold medal for gymnastics. 13. [or students, who . . . o’clock, were] C Commas with Interrupters, p. 221 14. The congresswoman, first elected to the EXERCISE House of Representatives in 1998, served 1. Senator Schwartz, I believe, is the best can- for six years. didate for that office. 15. C 2. Elephants, the largest mammals in Africa, Commas with Introductory Elements, p. 220 are now considered endangered. EXERCISE 3. Dorothea, tell me about your scholarship to 1. When I moved from Georgia to North Stanford University. Dakota, I learned what winter means! 4. Ana is the only student in our school, in 2. Well, I want to read more about the candi- fact, who has ever lived in China. dates before I make my decision. 5. I’d like to understand, Kris, your feelings 3. Walking through the museum, we saw that led to your decision. many interesting exhibits. 6. C 4. At the end of The African Queen, Charlie 7. Dr. Montero, the only pediatrician on the and Rose get married. staff, has office hours today. 5. Yes, I would be happy to give you a ride to 8. Only synthetic materials, she says, will be the airport. used in clothes of the future. 6. While mowing the lawn, Gigi found a 9. In Casablanca, for example, Humphrey small patch of forget-me-nots. Bogart delivers a startling performance. 7. C 10. I’d appreciate your prompt reply, Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 8. On a clear day in the early spring, flocks of Mr. Montgomery. migrating birds swept by. 11. If I’ve told you once, Nicci, I’ve told you a 9. Why, what a surprise to travel all the way thousand times, don’t slouch at the dinner to New York and meet a neighbor! table. 10. Whispering, Lars told her the secret ingre- 12. Do you know the car I mean, the red con- dient in his spaghetti sauce. vertible with the silver hubcaps?

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13. Accepting the award will be Emily James, 13. C the producer of the documentary. 14. The bright red car nosed carefully through 14. C the narrow, crowded street. 15. Meanwhile, the train pulled into Waterloo Station. 15. The dark, mysterious stranger loomed in 16. M. R. James, not Henry James, wrote the the doorway. ghost story “Casting the Runes.” 16. Yes , I think you could say I’m bored. 17. Dr. Livingston , I presume? 17. The actress who played Queen Elizabeth, 18. C Judi Dench, won an Academy Award. 19. The elephant, for instance, is native to both Africa and India. 18. C 20. Have you ever seen Paths of Glory, the anti- 19. My friend Barton McManus, Jr., has a great war ﬁlm by Stanley Kubrick? recipe for curry. Using Commas, p. 222 20. Tom Hanks, Sylvester Stallone, and Gene

y of the instructor. EXERCISE Hackman have all done voices for animated Optional commas are underlined. films. 1. Oh, have you seen my dog Wolfie? Conventional Uses of Commas, p. 223 2. Tonya, who read the book before I did, EXERCISE A enjoyed it enormously. 1. On November 15, 2006, the mayoral race 3. Seth wanted to play in the band, but he was won by Herbert E. Thomas, Jr. couldn’t make it to rehearsal on Tuesday. 2. By Tuesday, February 29, 2009, you must have your car inspected. 4. C 3. You can reach Kyle Forsyth, M.D., at 5. Clarence, by practicing all weekend, was 243 First Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania able to play the song on the guitar on 19002. 4. , Monday. Sincerely yours Charlene Watson, DVM 6. The reflection off the water threw bright, 5. My dentist, Susan Schwartz, D.D.S., gradu- quivering spots against the side of the boat. ated from dental school in June 1999.

7. Salon, the online magazine, did a story EXERCISE B about the novelist E. L. Doctorow. May 31, 2009 Dear Mr. Jackson, 8. C On June 11, 2009, I will finally graduate. I 9. Gosh, you’ve really grown since I saw you want to thank you for being such an inspiring, last. dedicated teacher. Your classes were always interesting, challenging, and enlightening. You 10. Have you ever seen 2001: A Space Odyssey, always encouraged me to follow my dreams. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit the film by Stanley Kubrick? Thanks for writing such a terrific recommen- 11. The batter knocked the dirt off her cleats, put dation for me! Please plan on visiting me there next fall. My address will be 1255 Village on a helmet, and took a couple of swings. Avenue, Springfield, Ohio 45501. 12. Which towel do you want, the red one, the Sincerely, blue one, or the green one? Rashard Brooks

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Commas: Review, p. 224 17. Lionel lives at 122 Main Street, Kyle, Texas EXERCISE 78664. Optional commas are underlined. 18. Didn’t Thaddeus Flatow, the famous mod- 1. The tour guide handed out tickets, pro- ern composer, write an opera called Maria grams, maps, and brochures. Theresia? 2. Sally knew that she would succeed if she 19. Tim, please answer the phone. studied hard, read all the books, and 20. The graduation ceremony will, of course, attended class. be held in College Hall. 3. Sparks was a wet, cold, miserable, hungry dog by the time we got home. Review A: End Marks and Abbreviations, p. 225 EXERCISE A 4. They had fresh, cold orange juice at break- 1. What’s the name of the woman with the fast. dachshund? 5. Colin called the twins, and I took care of all 2. Stop the car immediately! [or .] y of the instructor. the other arrangements. 3. The helicopter descended as low as the treetops. 6. My sisters agreed with me, but I had a hard 4. Be careful not to let the cat out when you time convincing Uncle Stu. open the door. 7. Laszlo Neumann, who won the Nichols Prize 5. Look out! The ladder is falling! [or .] last year, will perform at the Arts Center. 6. Come to dinner at our house tomorrow night. 8. Austria’s capital is Vienna, which is well- 7. Do you remember where you left the keys known for its architecture and gracious to the cabinet? lifestyle. 8. Set the groceries on the counter. 9. Wow, did you see that ﬂy ball? 9. May I offer a suggestion? 10. So, what do you think? 10. You will, I trust, pass on the message. EXERCISE B 11. My new address is 45 Basil Road, Stony 11. Representative Tataglia of New York serves Brook, New York 11732. on the oversight committee for NASA. 12. On Monday, January 15, 2009, the 12. Mr. Tom S. Petersen, Jr., hails from Wheeling, West Virginia. Bigelows’ new baby was born. 13. Please send my mail to 1124 Mile Rd., Big 13. After lunch the Pasternaks’ new neighbors, Rapids, MI 49307. the Botsteins, came over for coffee. 14. Dr. Wanda Jackson will attend the annual 14. Portman Callow, Jr., will be our new state AMA convention this year. 15. representative. The Roman Empire was established by the emperor Augustus in 27 B.C., and lasted until Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 15. Sure, I’ll come if you want me to. it was divided in the fourth century A.D. 16. The main language of Finland is Finnish, which is distantly related to Hungarian.

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Review B: Commas, p. 226 13. My uncle lives in Montgomery, the capital EXERCISE A of Alabama. Optional commas are underlined. 14. When you ﬂy cross-country, you can some- 1. When the Spaniards arrived in South times pass the time by watching a movie. America, they found that most of the west- 15. C ern part of the continent was controlled by the Incas. 16. Hoping for good weather, my parents planned a family picnic. 2. At the time of the Spanish conquest, the Inca empire extended as far north as Ecuador and 17. Did you know, Mr. Franklin, that Thomas as far south as Chile and Argentina. has moved to Buffalo, New York? 3. The remains of the capital city of the Incas 18. I do not have the report ready today, but I can be seen today at Cuzco, a city in south- hope to ﬁnish it by Friday. ern Peru. 19. People were involved in creating costumes, y of the instructor. 4. The Incas were excellent architects, engi- designing sets, and composing music. neers, and artisans. 20. Well, I didn’t know that you expected to be 5. Unlike the Aztecs and the Mayas, however, invited. the Incas never developed a system of Review C: End Marks and Commas, p. 227 writing. EXERCISE Optional commas are underlined. 6. Their historical traditions were preserved in spoken form, not in written form. 1. Smiling and bowing, the dancer took another curtain call. 7. C 2. Didn’t you answer the telephone, Tiffany? 8. These knotted strings, which were called quipu, served as an aid to the memory. 3. We moved to Colorado on September 30, 1999. 9. The Incas had no currency system, but they developed an ingenious method of collect- 4. I’m sorry, Rae, but I didn’t hear what you ing taxes. said. 10. All taxes were collected in the form of 5. Oh, you don’t have to tell me if you don’t labor: farmwork on government lands, want to. service in the military forces, or work on 6. The letter was addressed to Chane E. public construction projects. Johnson, M.D.

EXERCISE B 7. In our school, classes regularly begin at Optional commas are underlined. 8:15 A.M. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 11. The Readers’ Guide is an index to magazine 8. Last summer I did nothing for two months articles, stories, and poems. but swim, sail, and ﬁsh. , 12. Kelly and Jerome who are taking an 9. My, how cold it is! advanced computer course, produced an exciting graphic display.

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10. Her father has gone to Denver, Colorado, 18. On our team, players vote to choose the on a business trip. captain. 11. The play was written by J. D. Tallchief, a 19. After our exciting raft trip down the rapids junior. of the Colorado, we had many stories to 12. My sister was born on January 25, 1998, share. and I was born on May 22, 1995. 20. Smiling nervously, the children took their 13. Don’t you know where the bookstore is, positions on stage. Elvin? 21. Herbert E. Fiorello, Jr., has an ofﬁce on 14. Katrina, don’t sneak up on me like that! Sunset Boulevard. [or .] 22. Are you sure that the store is located on 15. Before the game was over, most of the Tetra Avenue? players were covered with mud. 23. I’ll meet you on the corner of Fourteenth

16. Margaret Mead, Ph.D., was a famous Street at 8:30 A.M. y of the instructor. anthropologist. 24. Didn’t Dr. An Wang establish Wang 17. We must be late, for the lights in the theater Laboratories, Inc., in 1951? are dim. 25. We saw Harry Connick, Jr., perform at the beneﬁt concert. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit

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Chapter 12: Punctuation, pp. 228=236 19. General Dupont remembers the day war was declared; he says he was in his parents’ Semicolons A, p. 228 kitchen. EXERCISE 20. Sergio Montale, the famous tenor, is singing 1. David prefers classical music; I prefer tonight; all seats have been sold out for blues. weeks. 2. Miguel wants to go on vacation this summer; therefore, he is working after school to Semicolons B, p. 229 save money. EXERCISE 3. The rain started late last night; it is expect- 1. The tour will include stops in St. Petersburg, ed to stop sometime this afternoon. ; ; ; Russia, Kiev, Ukraine, Bucharest, Romania, 4. Gladys brought four apples to the barn; ^ ; ^ ^ Athens, Greece, and Cairo, Egypt. however, her horse ate only three of them. ^ 5. Li voted against the tax increase; she 2. In a surge of productivity, Jim watered the expressed her opinions at the town meeting. lawn, took out the trash, and swept the ; 6. The sailboat race began on time; unfortu- driveway, and his sister, Jenny, washed the y of the instructor. nately, the judges were late. ^ car and the dog. 7. No one in the audience noticed the loud crash; it sounded like part of the movie. 3. Ruth has relatives living in Jerusalem, ; ; Israel, London, England, and Rome, Italy. 8. The women wanted to play softball; the ^ ^ men decided to sit in the shade. 4. The committee invited speeches from Maya 9. ; ; ; Liang is a moody person he is often, for Angelou, a poet, Amy Tan, a novelist, and example, quiet and withdrawn. ^ ^ Neil Simon, a playwright. 10. The orchestra stopped playing; the dancers sat down. 5. You may sign up for the seminar on ; ; 11. Mrs. McDuff had longed for peace and Wednesday, January 29, Friday, February 7, ; ^ ^ quiet; she only got it when the neighbors Monday, February 10, or Friday, moved. ^ February 14. 12. Papa is eager to retire; his last day at work is next Friday. 6. The only people who came to the meeting ; ; 13. The kids wanted to watch a video; the were Jim, a writer, Mike, a car mechanic, ; ^ ^ adults preferred to go outside. Olivia, a dancer, and José, a computer pro- ^ 14. Martha was always punctual; the rest of the grammer. class usually came in late. 7. Last Friday, at the very last minute, we 15. Joel is not here today; therefore, we will ; handed in our papers, and according to the have to postpone his birthday celebration. ^ 16. Our terrier enjoys hiding things; those schedule, we should get our grades next things sometimes include our shoes and month. socks. 8. Our class is currently studying A Tale of Two Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 17. Pierre did his best on the exam; his reward ; was the highest grade in the class. Cities, the Dickens novel, The Fire Next Time, ^ ; James Baldwin’s masterpiece, and The 18. The train rounded the curve at high speed; ^ the deer just barely got out of the way in Chosen, Chaim Potok’s story about two time. Brooklyn boys.

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9. Wednesday I’ll be at home working on my 9. Most trees, such as the elm, the sycamore, ; project, if I have the time, but on Thursday, the oak and the birch, lose their leaves in ^ ; if all goes according to plan, I’ll be on my the winter, there are some, however, such as ^ way overseas. the pine, that retain their leaves in all sea- 10. The band members plan to raise funds by sons. holding a car wash on Friday, November 10. On Monday, March 10, the band is sched- ; ; 16, from 6:00 to 9:00 P.M., Saturday, uled to arrive, and two days later, if all goes ^ ; ^ November 17, from 10:00 A.M. to 5:30 P.M., well, they’ll be performing at the White ^ and Sunday, November 18, from 2:00 to House.

6:00 P.M. Colons A, p. 231 Semicolons C, p. 230 EXERCISE EXERCISE 1. We will read works by the following poets: 1. The sun is beginning to set; soon the sky Emerson, Poe, Dickinson, and Frost. y of the instructor. will be dark. 2. C 2. Performances will take place several times 3. Sara arrived at the party late: she had trou- this month with matinees on Saturday, ble getting her car to start. ; ; August 12, Sunday, August 13, and ^ ^ 4. At the end of her lecture, Mrs. Bell had this Saturday, August 26. to say: “as you have learned, the 3. Tom, our raucous young neighbor, started Romanticism of the nineteenth century was ; playing the drums every night after dinner, ^ much more than an emphasis on romantic soon the noise was so bad we had to com- love. It was, in a way, an intellectual move- plain to his parents. ment—a movement that gives us insight 4. Going to the lake was my idea; therefore, I into the way authors of the nineteenth cen- should make the reservations. tury viewed humanity.” 5. We always wash our car on the weekend; 5. My goals are as follows: to go to college, to judging by its appearance, they wash theirs, study medicine, and to become a surgeon. too. 6. For her birthday, Soﬁa received these gifts: 6. Give Jane a call if you want a ride to the a sweater, two books, gloves, and roses. meeting; I won’t be able to make it. 7. The Tsongs donated several items for the ; 7. Grandfather has lived in Cork, Ireland, rafﬂe: a lamp, two chairs, and some books. ; ^ Boston, Massachusetts, Providence, Rhode 8. Helen stayed home yesterday: she wasn’t ; ^ Island, and Kenosha, Wisconsin. feeling well. ^ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 8. Ted, my cousin, and Sally, his friend, are 9. Patrick Henry offered these words on free- ; coming over to dinner, so Ernie, my older ^ dom: “give me liberty or give me death.” brother, and I are doing the cooking. 10. Angela ordered three magazines: Time, Essence, and The New Yorker.

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Colons B, p. 232 7. Jimmy had this to say about the new sched- EXERCISE ule adopted at last night’s school board 1. Mom frequently quotes from the Bible; her meeting: “I’m glad the school board favorite quotation is from Exodus 1:6–15. approved the new schedule. I think it will 2. Every morning at 7:00 A.M., the alarm clock goes off and the dog starts barking. be a beneﬁt to students and teachers alike.” 3. C 8. After opening the elaborately wrapped 4. Mira is reading Gandhi: A Life, a biography present, Jane became confused: the box that of the Mahatma. someone had taken great pains to wrap was 5. Dear Mr. Adams: empty. Please acknowledge receipt of the enclosed shipment. 9. Over the summer vacation, Lee visited four Sincerely, states: Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Jeff Holt Arizona. 6. Under the couch I found the old copy of 10. No one expresses despair better than y of the instructor. Yodeling: A Beginner’s Primer that I thought I Shakespeare’s doomed king Macbeth: had lost. “Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow / 7. Isn’t II Samuel 6:14 the passage in the Bible in which David dances before the Lord? Creeps in this petty pace from day to day, / 8. Dr. Sharif wrote a fascinating little book To the last syllable of recorded time.” called Tesellation: The Art of Illusion. Review A: Semicolons and Colons, p. 234 9. C Colons may be correct in items 5 and 13 if the word 10. Between 3:30 and 5:00 every afternoon, the following the colon is capitalized. noise in the street is unbelievable. EXERCISE A ; Colons C, p. 233 1. My father drinks black coffee, my mother ^ EXERCISE prefers tea. 1. Dear Dr. Heather Williams: 2. Dear Mrs. R. Volpe: 2. My sermon today comes from Psalm 3. All applicants for the job must furnish the 91:4–5. : following items of information, date of ^ 3. Tonya will do her book report on Asian birth, grade in school, and names of two American Dreams: The Emergence of an personal references. American People. ; 4. We had all been warned about the test, ^ 4. My father is reading Galileo’s Daughter: A nonetheless, few of us were prepared for it. Historical Memoir of Science, Faith, and Love. ; 5. We should take Jerry out to lunch, he really ^ 5. Ricardo, set your alarm for 5:15 A.M.: we came through for us on that project.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit have to pick up your grandfather at 7:00 A.M. 6. These three girls have been nominated for 6. The following are my favorite fantasy writ- vice-president of the class: Siobhan Reilly, ers: Ursula K. Le Guin, Robert Holdstock, Olive Caccione, and Sarah Golder. John Crowley, and J.R.R. Tolkien. ; 7. It had rained all morning, at 1:00 P.M., how- ^ ever, the sun appeared.

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; 8. 4. I thought you had read the book,^ otherwise, Barry wants to title his autobiography I wouldn’t have asked you about it. Barry: Retrospective of a Great Man. 9. The candidate finished her speech with a 5. The applicant was very nervous during the ; : final comment “If I am elected, I will do interview,^ nonetheless, she got the job. everything in my power to fulfill the prom- 6. Before making a hiring decision, the per- ises I have made.” sonnel director considered the following : 10. Richard bought a new CD titled Julian qualifications, work experience, educational ^ Bream: The Ultimate Guitar Collection. background, and personality. EXERCISE B 7. The book was a conduit for her bad feel- ; 11. John 3:16 is probably the most famous ings, it gave her a more positive outlook. ^ scripture in the Bible. 8. The three students who are vying for first 12. Jane went to the play with Cora, Peter, and place in the talent show are Marla Jones, a ; ; ; David, and Alex, Jane’s brother, went with

singer, Jerry Green, a pianist, and Leslie y of the instructor. ^ ^ ^ Gary. Ricardo, a dancer. ; ; 13. Felix didn’t get to sleep until 2:30 A.M., he 9. I am an excellent swimmer, my brother, on ^ ^ had to ﬁnish an important project. the other hand, prefers skating. 14. Karen has traveled to many places: 10. Three students received A’s on the test: John- ; ; Barcelona, Spain, London, England, and ^ ^ nie B. Baker, Toni Mancuso, and Rory Milano. Sydney, Australia. EXERCISE B 15. The new reporters on the staff of the school 11. Gary deserves to win; his science project is newspaper are Joaquín Sunders, a sopho- clearly the best in the room. ; ; more, and Leslie Crim, a junior, and Virgil 12. Henry prefers Italian food, Lisa prefers ^ ^ Bates, a member of the senior class, is the Chinese food. new managing editor. 13. “Whither thou goest, I will go,” as it says in Review B: Semicolons and Colons, p. 235 Ruth 1:16. Colons may be correct for items 7 and 11 if the word 14. The last words of the dying pirate were following the colon is capitalized. mysterious: “From the base of the torso EXERCISE A tree, take long steps three. From that spot 1. Here are my New Year’s resolutions: to toward the shore, walk apace twenty more. read more, to exercise more, and to eat There, if you stand at sunset’s wane, you fewer snacks. will see the shadow that leads to spoils and 2. Dear Mrs. Kay: gain.” Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 3. At 5:45 P.M., Jocelyn and Theresa arrived at 15. I decided to decorate my room with some the auditorium. Jocelyn put up streamers, ; stuff I found in the attic: a movie poster, posters, and banners, and Theresa set up ; ^ which once belonged to my brother, an old the sound equipment, chairs, and podium. ^ New York Yankees pennant, the ﬁrst pen-

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; nant I bought with my own money, and a EXERCISE B ^ [6] : model of the original starship Enterprise. Dear Sir or Madam [7] I am preparing a report on SETI, or the Review C: Semicolons and Colons, p. 236 Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, and I A colon may be substituted in item 2 and for the would like to be as well prepared as possible. I ﬁrst semicolon in item 9 if the word following the have already read We Are Not Alone: The colon is capitalized. Continuing Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence EXERCISE A by Walter Sullivan. [8] My science teacher has recommended that I get your opinion on SETI. 1. Mr. Jackson’s plane arrived twenty minutes ; She has also suggested that I read books by the late because of the dense fog, consequently, ^ following authors: Carl Sagan, Frank Drake, he missed the ﬂight to Denver. and Jean Heidmann. ; 2. The Arthurs are not home, they’ve left for [9] I know that not all scientists are optimistic ^ about the chances for extraterrestrial life; the work. book Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon 3. Amy wanted to visit Tucson, San Diego, in the Universe makes the case that earth is the ; y of the instructor. and Austin, but Helen wanted to visit only place in the universe where animal life ^ lives. [10] I am eager to learn about your views Seattle, Las Vegas, and Phoenix. on SETI. Thank you for your time; I hope to 4. The meeting is scheduled for 3:30 this after- hear from you soon! noon; please don’t be late. Yours sincerely, Arundhati Chandrasekhar 5. The following committees will report: budget, membership, awards, and programs. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit

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Chapter 13: Italics, Quotation Marks, Italics: Names, Letters, Symbols, and Foreign and Ellipsis Points, pp. 237–250 Words, p. 238 EXERCISE A Italics and Titles, p. 237 1. The Queen Elizabeth, once a transatlantic EXERCISE A ship, is now docked in California. 1. Eric’s favorite painting is N.C. Wyeth’s 2. Robin Hood and His Mother on Their Way Sally K. Ride, the first American woman in to Nottingham Fair. space, flew aboard Challenger on the seventh shuttle mission. 2. Have you ever read Mark Twain’s The 3. Adventures of Tom Sawyer? Try the pollo asado with a little of that mole sauce. 3. George Orwell’s novels include Animal 4. Farm and 1984. I know the writer of the article is enthusiastic, but she has used too many !’s. 4. The school drama group will stage 5. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar next week. Pierre writes his 7’s with a line through the middle. y of the instructor. 5. James Russell Lowell edited a magazine 6. called the North American Review. Do the words dale and vale mean the same thing? 6. Of all of Billy Joel’s albums, I think that 7. The Stranger is his best. The book Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is set on a submarine called Nautilus. 7. My grandfather rarely misses an episode of 8. Sixty Minutes. The Italian word trattoria is a term used for an inexpensive restaurant. 8. I can’t decide which is the better film, 9. Lawrence of Arabia or The Third Man. In Spanish, the letter h is always silent. 10. 9. Have you listened to Ravel’s long musical To praise a Chinese cook, use the expres- composition called Bolero? sion ding hao, which means “excellent.” EXERCISE B 10. Donatello’s Julius Caesar can be found in [11] Brad asked about his friend Derrick’s the Louvre, in Paris. model train named the Spirit of Des Moines. EXERCISE B [12] Derrick explained that he was inspired by [11] Did you know that Silko’s Ceremony the name of Charles Lindbergh’s plane, the was the first full-length work of fiction ever Spirit of St. Louis. [13] “What do you think of published by a Native American woman? the Ghost of Christmas Past as the name for my [12] Mia and I think the book is fantastic, but model train?” Brad asked. Derrick said he we also like Laguna Woman: Poems as well as didn’t think it was the same kind of spirit. Storyteller, two other books by Silko. [13] The [14] The word spirit has more than one mean- Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit librarian recommended to us Almanac of the ing. [15] “If you do name it that, however,” Dead, but we haven’t read it yet. [14] Mia is Derrick said, “paint the letters in alternating writing a documentary film about the fiction of green and red, and make the G, C, and P in the Leslie Marmon Silko. [15] She wants to call the name look creepy.” film The Storyteller’s Voice.

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Italics Review, p. 239 17. The # symbol on the telephone is the pound EXERCISE A sign. 1. Anne Tyler’s novel Breathing Lessons won 18. Can you believe she has never seen the a Pulitzer Prize. movie Star Wars? 2. Nicole’s mother reads The Wall Street 19. If the president flies in Air Force One, what Journal each morning during breakfast. does the vice president fly in? 3. Jorge and Melinda attended a performance 20. Mrs. Chang reminded us there is only one of Mozart’s Don Giovanni. l in the word traveled. 4. Do you ever confuse handwritten 4’s with Quotation Marks in Direct Quotations, p. 240 9’s? EXERCISE A 1. “Let’s visit the children’s museum,” sug- 5. Semper fidelis is the motto of the U.S. gested Marcela, “and we’ll be able to see Marine Corps. the new robots they’ve added.” 2. Jerome said, “I think I may have solved the y of the instructor. 6. I watched a TV show called On the Ocean mystery”; we waited for him to continue. Floor about the search to find the wreck of 3. Don’t most children know the song that the Titanic. begins, “Mary had a little lamb”? 7. The t in the word beret is silent. 4. “Is anyone in here?” asked the visitor. 8. Someone told Martha the & symbol was “Would someone please answer?” called an ampersand. 5. “If you could buy a mountain,” asked Andrés, “which mountain would you buy?” 9. There should be a show on TV called EXERCISE B No Commercials. 6. “I am the king of the world!” the child shouted. 10. Tim dreams of taking a ride on the space 7. Jennifer referred to three of her pets as “the shuttle Endeavour. friendliest and easiest to handle”: the Exercise B striped kitten, the old Bassett Hound, and 11. Langston Hughes’ autobiography is called the parrot. The Big Sea. 8. Joel said, “In my hometown, we used to walk along the Mississippi River levee.” 12. Gerald likes to do the crossword puzzle in 9. “Rabbits,” added Gwendolyn, “can make The New York Times. excellent pets for responsible pet owners.” 13. The French merci and the Spanish gracias 10. Theodore remarked,“This is my favorite both mean “thank you.” poem”; we had heard Theodore say that about several different poems, however. 14. The new children’s train at the park is Quotation Marks in Dialogue and Passages A, called the Sutton Sidewinder. p. 241

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit EXERCISE 15. Edgar Lee Masters wrote Spoon River 1. “What are we going to be studying Anthology, a favorite of mine. ¶ today?” asked Raymond. “We will be 16. Do you write capital Q’s with little curlicue studying three sonnets written in three tails? different periods of history,” answered the teacher.

Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics: Language Skills Practice Answer Key 101 L09NAGUMA10_100-106.qxd 12/11/072:39PMPage102 102 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. ¶ ¶ “ class afterlunch. history report abouthim. Jacqueline, Juan. staying awake, witty. Rita complained. ing? said Jacqueline. answered thepatient. for thefirstopeninginmorning, asked thereceptionist. Tsiyoshi. French. tunity topracticemylisteningskillsin answered Clara. omit therest ofthepage. “ “ “ “ “ “ “ thought, report. The treasurer oftheclubsaid, today? “ Wednesday, “ twice adaywhileI’mgone, film? paragraphs, actor. I havetostayhomeand study. Who wantstogothezoowithme I needtoscheduleanappointmentfor The catswillneedfresh foodandwater Are youcomingwithustoseetheFrench People inhistoryclasssaycleverthings, I read aboutWinston Churchill today, Which partshouldIread? What timewouldyouliketocomein? You don’thave toworry, ” ¶ ¶ ” ” “ “ asked Connie. ”“ ” ¶ asked Pierre. ” I can’tgotoday, Read onlythefirstandthird ¶ Yasmin agreed. ” asked Mrs.Carter. “ We’re notdoingasbadlywe They’re ingoodhandswithme. said theclubpresident. “ ” ” I’m goingtobewritingmy answered the director, said theanxiouscaller. ” ¶ “ ” “ she said. “ Did youfinditinterest- It willbeagoodoppor- I couldneverbethat ¶ ¶ “ “ ¶ Yes, Ithinkwill, “ Oh, yes, ” “ Please scheduleme ” ” said Rudolfo. I havetrouble “ ” ¶ ” ” “ It’s myfirst answered I do, said Miki. asked the “ ” Here’s the ” answered ” ” said “ and ” ” ” ” ” .242 p. Quotation MarksinDialogueandPassages B, E 10. XERCISE 2. 1. 6. 5. 4. 3. hideous brightgreen color. water, you think, make itis, enjoyed it. night, acrobatics? trick! beg, roll over, andeat! buy? Douglas. science museumbefore, the longervisit,also. Friday. “ “ class? “ name meansinPersian? Shekoufeh asked, flips, “ Roberto. “ “ on thenextflightto Atlanta. answered Pam. said Esperanza. “ asked Sheila. flower, you, Amy. so Isignedupforthelongerfieldtripon Are yougoingontheclassfieldtrip? Did youread theshortstoryforEnglish When Iwassix,coulddocartwheelsand Does yourdogdoanytricks? My parents justboughtanewcar, I can’twaittoseeyouandUncleTomás, ” E ” ” ” ” EET OF LEMENTS ” “ ” answered Sheila. ”“ ” asked Sarah. said Sergei. answered Roberto. What doesitmean? ¶ asked Melvin. answered María, answered Sergei. ¶ ¶ “ explained Shekoufeh. “ ” ” ” Sure, ” What kindofcardidthey Then I’llberidingthebuswith ¶ answered Douglas, added Camila. asked Natasha. “ I’ve nevervisitedthenatural ¶ ” “ “ L Your uncleand Iwillbe It won’tbemuchlonger, ¶ replied Camila. “ ANGUAGE “ ¶ Do youknowwhatmy “ ” Can youstilldoany ¶ I don’tknowwhat ”“ “ ¶ ” “ ”“ Yes, Iread itlast “ ¶ I signedupfor ¶ Eating isnota answered Marc, “ ” and Ireally ”“ ¶ No, ” That’s what FourthCourse | ¶ “ Only inthe ” It’s atypeof ” “ asked but itisa “ answered ” He can said ” ” ”

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. utto ak n ils .243 p. Quotation Marksand Titles, Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key E 10. XERCISE 7. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. ¶ me! those shortstoriesseemedliketalltalesto short stories, another swimmer. minutes withdolphinkicks, “ asked her deskhadnonameonit. Noriyuki. “ newspaper. Tony iswritinganarticlefortheschool “ Devika getsveryteary-eyedsinging Other Hazards, Chapter 4ofthebookis beautiful. Woods onaSnowyEvening Ray thoughtthesettingof “ Do yourecall reading anarticle called the poem Tyler andGuillaumestudiedtheimageryin “ Mrs. Tennant told theclassthatessay moments. episode containssomeofthecast’sbest The TVshow’s “ announced Karl. answered Jane. asked Karl. asked Jane. “ Kimberly. composer IgorStravinski, asked Terry. “ We are supposed towarmupforfifteen What didthecoachaskustodofirst? Auld LangSyne. Cooking withBananas How ISpentMySummerVacation History classwasinteresting today, Are yougoingtotheparkwithus? Which bookdidyouchoosetoread? A ” said Noriyuki. the swimmerinsecondlane. ¶ “ “ ¶ ¶ ¶ Ex-Basketball Player. “ “ It waslikehearingabunchof “ “ ” What timeare youleaving? As soonasyou’re ready, School inSpace? I read abiographyof ¶ answered Carlos. ” “ “ Hooray forHollywood Let’s gorightnow, not ” “ Life DownUnder. ” “ ” ? Koala Bearsand “ answered ” ” Stopping by ” answered was very ¶ ” is thetitle. “ Some of ” ” ” ” ” ” on said ” ” ” ” Gold Bug. the RedDeath. Is Broken Pencil andtheTicking Clock. for hisfirstepisode,whichhecalled of studyhall. Pit andthePendulum, E 244 p. Terms, and Technical Slang, Single Quotation Marks, House ofUsher. Greenhouse, film wascalled E 10. 12. 11. Responses willvary. Sample responses are given. E 10. was called XERCISE XERCISE XERCISE 1. 9. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. [11] ‘ eventually. mentioned, ‘ “ meet ourobstacleswithconfidence. came upwithourteam’sslogan “ forget him! Tara canrecite thelinesof “ The bookcontainsthree sections: America, “ Do youknowanyonewho stillsays Did thatreporter justmention “ sion “ “ “ The coachyelled, Akela said, “ “ from thattree. Marion said, aloud is Remember the Alamo! I’ll remember topickupthedessert groovy that manyteensenjoymountainbiking. I’m notsure, Abroad, According toMrs.Simmons, No oneknowswhofirstusedtheexpres- It wasTimothy, Irving Berlinwrote thesong Wasn’t itSandra, I read inthenewspaper, Miguel gottheideafrom reading A B B ‘ ” G. I.Joe, ” “ was inspired inpartbyPoe’s ” ” ‘ Gym, [15] ’” The HollowMen. ? ” [12] ’” based onPoe’s ” ” “ “ “‘ ” and Suki informedtheclass. The finalepisodeofMiguel’s “ from memory. The FallofGreenland My favoritepoemtoread [14] ’” ’” ” ” He usedideasfrom thestory Everything comestoanend Then hesaid, “ based on she said, ” Dr. Shawsaid. “ “ Return. ” ” Dan explained, Who said The LockonMyLocker which reminded him she asked, ’” ” ” ” “ “ “ “ ’” who firstsaid The Masqueof The Fallofthe [13] Todd said, Heart! We will ‘ Stay away ‘ ” ‘ Time out “ God Bless Filegate “ The second “ Jim ‘ We shall who said, “ The “ Home, ’” ’ “ who ? “ ” The The ’ ” 103 ? ? ” ” ” L09NAGUMA10_100-106.qxd 12/11/072:39PMPage104 utto ak eiwA .246 p. Quotation MarksReview A, lissPit,p 245 p. Ellipsis Points, 104 E E 15. 14. 13. XERCISE XERCISE 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. new comedian.” mistake thathereceived theaward forbest “ Free. about birds andiscalled know ifI’llbeabletoconvincehim. “ concert? sume allovertheworld.” the varietyofedibleleavesthatpeoplecon- “ “ “ wheat field. road andputupaparkinglotintheold Margaret said, essay entitled This quotationisfrom myEnglishclass “ the SunshineofMyLife. Stevie Wonder wrote thesong for aLadyWhoseVoice I Like. I admire NikkiGiovanni’spoem, “Tom isaveryfunny person essays publishedinscholarlyjournals.” newspapers “Roberto haswrittenarticlesforvarious larly onradioshows.” reporter “Elizabeth hasworkedasasecretary and Therefore, weshouldtrytonurture them.” dren are thekeytoourfuture Marianne wrote inheressay, “Ibelievechil- “In about Have youeverheard computerfanstalk said Ted said, “ Mate Don’t yourealize wecouldbelateforthe It’s gettinglate. Where are yougoing? poemforclass, My sister’s I’ll try, Where are yougoing? ... ‘ ’” bad ” “ bytes is the Australian waytosayfriend. ” .... ” ‘The GrassWe Eat,’Brent discusses ’ “ when theymeant exclaimed Alex, I remember when allthekids ” .... ” “ She hasalsoappeared regu- and “ Understanding Me. They pavedtheolddirt ” He hasalsowritten “ bits ” ” ” ” ? ‘ The Flightofthe asked Stacey. asked mymother. “ ” ‘ but Idon’t .... good. .... ” “ said Bill, You Are “ ’” [ Poem ” I ” ]t isno “ is utto ak eiwB .247 p. Quotation MarksReview B, 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. E 20. 19. 18. 17. XERCISE 9. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. commissioner. Kid sandwich! room doorreads long asyoucleanyourroom first. Georgina, ‘ page 167andread theessaytitled quizzed Jack. Sue’s summer writingclass,myfavoritewasJulie Of alltheshortstorieswritteninour Demetria noticesthesignforKelly Every timeshewalksbythepollingcenter, man shout, As soonasJedturnedthecorner, heheard a called The firstpoeminMichael’scollectionis “ “‘ be a The horsethatwontheracewasknownto “ Marco. “ Andrea said, Carlo said. “ C is puzzlingtome, “ “ Mr. Nortonsaid, cartoon. “ “ Suzanne said, was look. then turnright, favorite songs, Strengthening YourWriting. I thinkMarysaid The advertisingslogan, Has anybodyseenmynewgreen jacket? The fishisswimmingin circles, My favoriteBeatles’songis When IaskedMomforpermission, Last nightIhadadream thatIwasa Can youbelievethis? Jailhouse Rock ” E “ “ EET OF LEMENTS “ Turner, whoisrunning forcounty Julie Sue’sFamousFifteenMinutes. mudder. “ Famous FifteenMinutes. “ ” The Mystery. I wonderwhyit’sdoing that. ” “ “ she toldme “ Look! Thatbird juststolemy “ “ The signonmycousin’sbed- ” ” ’” I can’tfinditanywhere! Have yougotaparrot? ‘ Aunt Missytoldus. “ ’ Enter at Your OwnRisk. L ” said Markwithaquizzical is oneofmyall-time Class, pleaseturnto ANGUAGE ‘ Walk twoblocksand Kim said. ” ” ‘ Okay, butonlyas ‘ remarked Keshon. Try ItandBuyIt, FourthCourse | ’” ‘ Let ItBe, ” ” ’” [ or “ said The ” ... ” ” ’” ” said ’” ” ” ’ ]

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. eiwA tlc n utto ak,p 248 p. andQuotation Italics Marks, Review A: 10. Grammar, Usage,andMechanics: LanguageSkillsPracticeAnswer Key E E XERCISE XERCISE 7. 6. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. her poem,called she explained. hears snowfalling,butthere isnone. story byConrad Aiken, aboythinkshe now.” announced MissGreen, “ “According tothesign-upsheet, osmosis takeplace? Mr. Pakunasasked, “ the principalthing;therefore getwisdom. Our favoriteproverb isthisone: Did thesignsay business andfinancialnews. Street Journal,anewspaperdevotedto My favoriteauntsubscribestoTheWall legend, Thomas Mann,isbasedonaBiblical “ In Falcon. Foreign Correspondent andTheMaltese Two ofherfavoriteold-timemoviesare Chapter 9, Tomorrow’s historyassignmentisreading listen tomyinstructions, andhavefun! three things: The guidetoldthetourists, you hearwhatshejustsaid In aquietwhisper, Millicentasked,“Did favorite songsis Yesterday Dadtoldusthatoneofhis with beingleft-handed. ed UncleMiguel I don’tmindbeingcalled Actually, nocameraistruly automatic, Joseph andHisBrothers, anovelby “ B A Silent Snow, Secret Snow, ” Arthur said. “ The Middle Ages inEngland. S tay togetheronthetrail, .“ “ “ ‘ Morning Glories, Desperado. Slow T ” “ here’s nothing wrong How andwhydoes ” ” “ or Annie willread ‘ ?” “ Lefty, “ Remember ” ” Stop a short “ ” ’” Wisdom is ” ’ ? right retort- ” ” ” ” ons .249 p. Points, andEllipsis Quotation Marks, Italics, Review B: E 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. E Responses willvary. Sampleresponses are given. XERCISE XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Estelle Peterson. explosively, Saturday “ delightedchildscreamed, A “ Wasn’t itShakespeare whowrote, ‘ “ Teens have entered acontestcalled The followingstudentsfrom ourschool “ his house,nearthecreek. There isasmall grove ofpecantrees behind Theodore’s favoritetree isthepecan Warren saysBlakeismore interesting. he doesnotenjoyreading Wordsworth Warren isabigfanofRomanticpoets,but perpendicular totheground. The towerjutted Courtney hasanuncleinMadrid periodicals: Newsweek,Cricket poems: Watercolors albums: DarkSideoftheMoon, Letters Straightfrom theHeart songs: Batwing ships orairplanes:theLusitania, a great-aunt inIstanbul. Worn Path A No, Ihavenodefiniteplansfor Ill blowsthewindthatprofits nobody Have youread EudoraWelty’s story When youanswerme, A B ” “ : NedBaum,LuciaGaines,and “ The SoundofSilence, ,” Uphill, “ said Betty. ’ call me ?, ” ”“ ... he asked. Ulysses ‘ at ananglenotexactly Sir. ” ’” the officer barked “ ” “ It’s snowing! ” “ ” Talented ... Love ...... and ” 105 ? ” L09NAGUMA10_100-106.qxd 12/11/072:39PMPage106 ons .250 p. Points, andEllipsis Quotation Marks, Italics, Review C: 106 E 10. XERCISE 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. The First American. Story ofMaize, from childhoodtoadulthood. Doris Lessing,dealswiththetransition I havebegunreading Chapter13, shown ontelevision. I hopetoseethemovieStarWars whenitis Washington Post. in theWednesday editionofthe I particularlyenjoyreading thefoodsection “ Poems. his collectionTheDream KeeperandOther Hughes is One ofmyfavoritepoemsbyLangston team Julie isthehighestscorer onthevolleyball Through the Tunnel, A .... “ [ S Dreams, ]he wasawarded ascholarship. ” in C.W. Ceram’s book ” ” which isincludedin a shortstoryby “ The 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. E 15. XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. always waituntilthelastminute! commented. you tothepark. The driverasked, “ grow fonder. fer thesaying ity breeds contempt Jamie said, “ may losethesubstance. “ The moralofone Aesop’s talesis “ The coachasked, “ whole thing! Theo exclaimed, The childdeclared, the sign doctor. Why, oh,why, Actually, I’llbefree thisafternoon, Beware ofgraspingatshadows;youjust Never fear! It’s unfortunatethatyoudid, B E EET OF LEMENTS ‘ Falling Rocks “ ” ’” ” The commonsaying ‘ absence makestheheart Jacques saidwithasmile. ” ” “ “ L “ cried Eric, I can’tbelieveatethe ANGUAGE Who isonfirst? “ Whatever happenedto ’ may betrue, butIpre- I’d liketocomewith ’ ? ” ” FourthCourse | “ do we ” said the ” ‘ familiar- ” ” she

Chapter 14: Punctuation, pp. 251–268 3. his sister-in-law’s painting Apostrophes A, p. 251 4. Goldsmith, Moss, and Schwartz’s books EXERCISE A 5. Mark Twain’s and Hawthorne’s works 1. Columbia’s men EXERCISE B 2. children’s games Answers may vary. 3. Alcott’s books 6. Molly’s and his science fair project involved a few controlled explosions. 4. the table’s legs 7. I admire both Sheena’s and Vaughn’s 5. Euripides’ plays determination in ﬁnishing the race. 6. Ms. Andrews’ house 8. C 7. those drivers’ cabs 9. Gia’s and Bert’s batches of cookies taste 8. a citizen’s views exactly the same. 9. Lois’s lunch 10. After the dance, they plan to go to Harrison 10. Alvin’s skis and Sullivan’s Cafe. EXERCISE B Apostrophes Review A, p. 254 y of the instructor. 11. C EXERCISE 12. my two coaches’ pep talk 1. Harold’s and her parakeet 13. the men’s team 2. that telescope of yours 14. four geese’s eggs 3. James’s garden 15. C 4. C Apostrophes B, p. 252 5. the FBI’s investigation EXERCISE A 6. its bottom drawer 1. Is this your encyclopedia? 7. C 2. He bought their puppy. 8. the football of his 3. That dachshund is someone’s dog. 9. the monkeys’ tails 4. This is our bookcase. 10. someone else’s nameplate 5. The environment is everyone’s concern. Apostrophes D, p. 255 EXERCISE B EXERCISE A 6. Jonah and Billie spent the day at the 1. won’t 6. it’s mechanic’s, which was not either’s idea of 2. we’re 7. you’re fun. 3. she’s 8. he’d 7. One dog at the show wore a little suit; its owner wore a matching dress. 4. weren’t 9. we’d 8. C 5. he’s 10. should’ve 9. Renaldo was looking for a pencil to borrow, EXERCISE B There’s so I loaned him yours. Theirs a great exhibit at the Philadelphia ’ 10. Patrice and Jeremy have been each other’s I’m you re

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit Maritime Museum. Im sure your going to enjoy best friend since they were born. its it because of it’s superior quality and because of your Apostrophes C, p. 253 you’re interest in crew races. The exhibit fea- whose paintings EXERCISE A tures Thomas Eakins, who’s painting’s are 1. Kate and Ali’s camera incredibly lifelike. Some of his works are of 2. the Juarez family’s dog crews rowing in Philadelphia. To make his

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paintings of the crews accurate, Eakins first Apostrophes Review C, p. 258 their took they’re pictures. Then he made elaborate EXERCISE 1. After a week’s absence the student had a sketches, figuring out the exact perspective. They’re there lot of schoolwork to do. Their all their in the exhibit—the photographs, 2. Always remember to dot your i’s. sketches, and finished paintings. 3. Students’ papers are on file in the main Apostrophes E, p. 256 office. EXERCISE A 4. The Washingtons’ house was flooded last 1. ABC’s week. 2. I’s and O’s 5. Bad weather forced the Lees to cancel the 3. Oh’s and Ah’s children’s party. 4. t’s 6. In a democracy everyone’s vote counts. 5. so’s 7. C 6. Jr.’s 8. The geese hissed at Fiona’s and my bicycles. 7. if’s, and’s, or but’s 9. The judges were impressed by the dancer’s y of the instructor. 8. 1950’s skill and by her poise. 9. all of the 7’s 10. None of the clerks could find the men’s 10. X’s and O’s shirts. EXERCISE B Hyphens A, p. 259 11. please’s and thank you’s EXERCISE A 12. 3’s 1. correct 4. incorrect 13. @’s 2. incorrect 5. incorrect 14. !’s 3. incorrect 15. 4’s and 5’s EXERCISE B 16. P.S.’s 6. can-not 11. syl-la-ble 17. 85’s 7. un-do 12. No hyphen 18. yes’s and no’s 8. re-turn 13. chill-ing 19. oh’s 9. No hyphen 14. No hyphen 20. *’s 10. tech-nique 15. anat-o-my Apostrophes Review B, p. 257 Hyphens B, p. 260 EXERCISE EXERCISE A 1. the one UFO’s behavior 1. twenty-four delegates 2. the bus’s driver’s hat [or the bus 2. an ex-football player driver’s hat] 3. a self-conscious dancer 3. someone else’s 4. a vacation in mid-July 4. C 5. one-third cup of milk 5. C Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 6. the president-elect of France 6. Mr. Jones’s address 7. C 7. four 7’s 8. one-fourth tablespoon of oil 8. too many therefore’s 9. a pro-Russian trade agreement 9. a women’s shop 10. C 10. my sister-in-law’s job

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EXERCISE B 3. Teya has four other pets—a dog, two ferrets, 11. C and a Shetland pony. 12. an intentionally dropped ball 4. “Could I please speak to—” George began, 13. thirty-two students but he had already been put on hold. 14. C 5. The goal of the game—checkmating the 15. a pre-Colombian vase opponent’s king—often gets more difﬁcult the fewer pieces you have left. 16. C 6. Yvonne’s uncle moved to Switzerland to 17. one fourth of the time realize his life-long dream—becoming a 18. - her great uncle world-class yodeler. 19. - the best all around player 7. Your application—you should have been 20. a play that is well written told this earlier—was supposed to have Hyphens C, p. 261 been mailed no later than last week. 8. — EXERCISE A “What ” Pedro started to say but stopped 1. a self-absorbed actor himself. “Elian, is that really you?”

y of the instructor. 2. an ex-scientist 9. The clutter in our neighbor’s backyard— two cars, three sheds, a swingset, and a life- 3. two-thirds teaspoon of salt size metal sculpture of a mastodon—had 4. eighty-eight keys already attracted quite a bit of attention. 5. three-quarters cup of ﬂour 10. What I need—I’m sorry; I should have said 6. a convention in mid-February it more clearly—is a small stone, not a small 7. C stoat. 8. the secretary-elect of the council Parentheses, p. 263 9. a post-Cold War treaty EXERCISE 10. a dictionary that is up-to-date 1. She began painting six years ago (that was 1997) and hasn’t stopped since. EXERCISE B 11. one third of the students 2. My grandmother lives in Tucson (it’s in southern Arizona) and likes it there. 12. C 3. Have you ever seen a saguaro (a kind of 13. a well-known song cactus)? 14. the ﬁrst backyard basketball court 4. There are lots of cactuses in southern 15. - a pre Victorian poet Arizona. (Is the plural of cactus cacti?) 16. a recently added class 5. My favorite time of the day is sunset 17. twenty-two blackbirds (I’m never awake for sunrise). 18. C 6. When the sun sets (about six o’clock this 19. his ex-father-in-law time of year) over the desert, the sky 20. C lights up. 7. My sister Carla (she is only ten) has started Dashes, p. 262 painting as well. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit EXERCISE 8. I don’t do anything artistic myself; I’m 1. In any inclement weather—snow, sleet, hail, more of an athlete. (I can’t sit still for very or heavy rain—we like to take the vehicle long.) with four-wheel drive. 9. While my grandmother and sister paint, I 2. The score was absurdly low—a total of only go hiking. (Hiking the mountains and forty points—for a varsity game. canyons in Arizona is incredible!)

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10. I tell them that when I become a world- 5. No hyphen ( famous mountain climber which should 6. No hyphen happen when I’m about twenty-five) I’ll let 7. No hyphen them paint my portrait. 8. ab-stract Brackets, p. 264 9. love-ly EXERCISE 10. No hyphen Central High School and Johnson High School have a rivalry that “goes back decades, EXERCISE B to when I attended class here,” Principal Debra 11. D [or P] 14. D [or P] Lawrence says. “At the start, it was Central 12. D [or P] 15. B who beat us at every sport. Now, we here at 13. D Johnson can hold our own with anyone in the district.” Review A: Punctuation, p. 266 Coach Chan agrees. “When I first got here, all EXERCISE anyone would ever talk about was the Central 1. The firefighters’ boots were at the foot of game. So far, we’ve won six and lost four, which their beds. isn’t too bad, considering our opposition.” 2. Jana wrote her 7’s with a cross bar, as the y of the instructor. As one student expressed the rivalry, “Off the French write theirs. field, we’re best friends, but when we’re playing 3. After three days of traveling, both Miller’s each other, there’s nobody we want to beat more and Allan’s teams reached the mountains. than Central.” 4. The director listened attentively to every- 1. One student reports that “there’s nobody one’s ideas. we [Johnson High teams] want to beat 5. The editor-in-chief’s suggestions were more than Central.” good ones. 2. Principal Debra Lawrence says that the 6. Sally’s and James’ reports each had two rivalry “goes back decades, to when [she] grades: one for content and one for form. attended class here [at Johnson].” 7. Carlos and Bobby’s plan helped in the 3. Coach Chan attests that when he “first got search for the children’s dog. here [to Johnson High School], all anyone 8. Both the Wilsons’ and the Thomases’ pic- would ever talk about was the Central nics were held in the Thomases’ backyard. game.” 9. Your letters are hard to read because you 4. Do you agree with Coach Chan that never cross your t’s. Johnson’s record of six wins and four losses against Central High School “isn’t too bad, 10. Most of the FBI’s agents doubted the considering our [Johnson’s] opposition”? woman’s word. 5. Principal Lawrence wasn’t exaggerating Review B: Punctuation, p. 267 when she said, “At the start, it was Central EXERCISE A who beat us [Johnson High School] at 1. [c] a blue-gray shirt every sport.” 2. [b] NASA’s plans Hyphens, Parentheses, Dashes, Brackets, p. 265 3. [b] his self-sufficiency Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit EXERCISE A 4. [a] a well-done steak 1. proof-read 5. [c] forty-four teammates 2. No hyphen EXERCISE B 3. sem-i-con-scious 6. The Steiners—I don’t believe you’ve met 4. No hyphen them—are neighbors of ours.

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7. We do odd jobs to earn money—washing EXERCISE B Answers involving dashes and windows, mowing lawns, cleaning parentheses may vary. basements. 6. Did you realize that my aunt (my mother’s sister) is married to your uncle Emil? 8. The index includes more data on this experiment. (See page 783 [Graph 3].) 7. The zookeeper’s announcement—“A cat has escaped!”—did not alarm us. 9. Everyone knows the ﬁrst words— “Four score and seven years ago . . .”— 8. My sister—she’s a copywriter for an adver- of Lincoln’s “Gettysburg Address.” [or ... tising company—writes poetry in her spare (“Four score and seven years ago . . .”) ... ] time. 10. Alec Guinness (1914–2000) was a star of 9. We dined at the home of Mrs. Algoma theater and ﬁlm. Whitefeather (the former Algoma Tucker). 10. Mayor Jenkins stated, “The problem [the Review C: Punctuation, p. 268 current crime wave] is under control.” EXERCISE A 1. [b] your brother-in-law’s name 2. [a] Thirty-third Street y of the instructor. 3. [a] twelve o’clock 4. [a] your self-esteem 5. [a] Jonah and Sam’s pet Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit

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Chapter 15: Spelling, pp. 269-295 14. conscience, February, villain, maintainance Good Spelling Habits, p. 269 maintenance EXERCISE A 15. straight, seperate, dissimilar, Tuesday 1. George Lucas produced his first film when separate college he was a collage student. ie and ei,p.270 entitled 2. The film, entiteled THX 1138:4EB, won first EXERCISE A prize at the National Student Film Festival 1. C beige in 1967. 2. Stripping all the biege paint off the old table graduation 3. Upon gradiation from the University of was quite an achievement. Southern California, Lucas made American 3. Bert pulled in the horse’s reins and brought sleigh Graffiti. the sliegh to a stop. minor 4. Featured in a miner role in that film was 4. C newcomer Harrison Ford. 5. The automobile manufacturers concede that y of the instructor. diesel 5. American Graffiti was such a popular movie deisel engines are more efficient. persuade that Lucas was able to pursuade a major foreign 6. One of Brazil’s chief exports to foriegn Hollywood studio to support “a little space countries is cocoa. movie.” thief 7. A theif has succeeded in seizing the 6. That “little movie” evolved into Star Wars, success diamonds. which was an overnight sucess. neither 8. The tool shed contained niether shovels nor 7. Lucas then hired Lawrence Kasdan to com- sequel rakes. plete a script for the sequal, The Empire 9. Because he is a weight lifter, Hugo eats Strikes Back. protein plenty of protien daily. 8. Kasdan also wrote the third film of the Star priest trilogy 10. The preist received his visitors in the gar- Wars trillogy, The Return of the Jedi. den at the back of the cathedral. 9. The Star Wars vehicles made a star out of actor EXERCISE B acter Harrison Ford. 11. friend 14. leisure 10. Kasdan’s next project, Raiders of the Lost Ark, role 12. achievement 15. either brought Ford the roll of a lifetime—Indiana 13. received Jones. - - - EXERCISE B cede, ceed, and sede,p.271 11. liability, perspiration, souvinir, benefited EXERCISE A 1. recede 6. accede

souvenir Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 2. preceded 7. succeed 12. suger, lightning, coming, grammar 3. conceded 8. exceed sugar 4. supersede 9. intercede 13. priority, answer, athelete, calendar 5. proceed 10. succeed athlete

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EXERCISE B EXERCISE B preceded 11. The sound of loud laughter preseded Paul 11. C courageously into the room. 12. The young officer courageousely performed proceeded 12. The rookie player proceded to become a his duties. rapidly star outfielder. 13. Thea rowed her boat rapiddly across the recede 13. Before the tides resede, we’ll unload the lake. cheerfulness freight from the ship at the pier. 14. Darnell’s cheerfullness lifted my spirits. intercede truly 14. The lawyer promised to intersede with the 15. The letter was signed, “Yours truely, A police for her client. Secret Admirer.” 15. C 16. C accede sweetness 16. Do you think the others will acceed to our 17. The sweettness of the lemonade was creat- plan? ed with an artificial sweetener. lovely y of the instructor. 17. During the argument, Matt refused to 18. These flower arrangements are really lovly! concede conceed a single point. saltiness 19. The saltyness of the potato soup caused 18. C Ron not to eat it. superseded inventiveness 19. The substitute teacher’s plans superceded 20. Lisa’s inventivness is legendary. those of Mr. Beasley. exceed Silent e,p.274 20. It is wise not to excede the speed limit. EXERCISE A 1. 6. Adding Prefixes, p. 272 scaring pronounceable 2. 7. EXERCISE desirable defenseless Answers may vary slightly. 3. separated 8. confinement 1. redecorate 11. unpack 4. finest 9. opportunity 2. unnecessary 12. improve 5. retiring 10. continuous 3. reelection 13. derail EXERCISE B 4. disservice 14. undo 11. nineth, hopeful, hoping 5. impossible 15. prefabricate ninth 6. mismatched 16. reevaluate 12. advertisement, arguement, scary 7. preview 17. deconstruct argument 8. deregulate 18. misjudged 13. mileage, rareity, coping 9. illegible 19. illogical rarity 10. disembark 20. reenergize 14. frustrated, laminated, eraseable Suffixes -ly and -ness,p.273

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit erasable EXERCISE A 1. severely 6. barrenness 15. writeing, dancing, making 2. tidily 7. bravely writing 3. freshness 8. curliness 16. discouragment, taped, safest 4. socially 9. totally discouragement 5. carelessness 10. funniness

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17. movable, believeable, undertaker 16. stabbed, trimed, cooped trimmed believable 17. taning, redder, foggier tanning 18. laced, shaking, eliteist 18. rigging, stirring, snobish snobbish elitist 19. alarmist, hiting, sadder hitting 19. ensnareing, movement, awful 20. pretending, acquitted, treadding ensnaring treading 20. baking, intimidateing, biting Prefixes and Suffixes Review, p. 277 intimidating EXERCISE Words Ending in y,p.275 1. discontent 14. conveyable EXERCISE 2. unnatural 15. deployment 1. played 11. flying 3. immobile 16. annoying 2. carrying 12. easily 4. totally 17. bagged 3. business 13. hurried 5. sedately 18. regrettable y of the instructor. 4. laid 14. hungrily 6. foreignness 19. stunning 5. enjoyable 15. delayed 7. carelessness 20. plateful 6. relayed 16. nuttier 8. daring 21. arrangement 7. trying 17. said 9. nicest 22. resolutely 8. spied 18. curried 10. courageous 23. deniable 9. scurrying 19. flies 11. denied 24. merriment 10. enviable 20. annoying 12. replying 25. alarmist 13. Doubling Final Consonants, p. 276 hastiness EXERCISE A Forming Plurals of Nouns A, p. 278 1. occurred 6. happened EXERCISE A 2. committing 7. perplexed 1. keys 11. crutches 3. shopper 8. snowing 2. bananas 12. bushes 4. actor 9. chanting 3. poxes 13. incinerators 5. referral 10. beginner 4. countries 14. crates EXERCISE B 5. bunches 15. toys 6. 16. 11. fixxed, patted, imported fixed athletes foxes 7. kisses 17. bunnies 12. entrapped, readding, referred 8. plays 18. pushes reading 9. jinxes 19. waltzes 13. jumped, guffawwing, runner 10. cries 20. prefixes guffawing EXERCISE B Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 14. transmittable, cropped, unforgetable 21. We went to the costume shop to see what unforgettable kinds of costumes they had hanging on the racks 15. packking, bowed, dropped rackes. boxes packing 22. Several boxxes held face paints and temporary-color hair sprays.

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Accessories 23. Accessorys such as wigs, hats, purses, fans, 14. The team of archaeologists discovered two species and eyeglasses were also displayed. new specieses of dinosaurs. trays moose 24. Shallow trayes beneath the glass counter 15. Male mooses can weigh over 1,500 pounds.

displayed rings, necklaces, and fake Review of Forming Plurals of Nouns A, p. 281 fingernails. EXERCISE 25. After looking at an assortment of fake 1. alleys 14. houses patches 2. 15. noses, masks, fake wounds, and eye patchs, geese binoculars 3. stitches 16. tomatoes I changed my mind and decided to go as a 4. halves 17. knives pirate. 5. theories 18. royalties Forming Plurals of Nouns B, p. 279 6. echoes 19. brushes EXERCISE A 7. jeans 20. oxen 1. roofs 6. sheaves 8. roofs 21. strengths 2. wives 7. tomatoes 9. 22.

y of the instructor. burglaries children 3. mottos [or mottoes] 8. wolves 10. gases 23. donkeys 4. patios 9. lives 11. dishes 24. Sioux 5. ratios 10. beliefs 12. wives 25. counties EXERCISE B 13. mice 11. tempos, reefs, knifes knives Compound Nouns, p. 282 12. themselfs, cliffs, torpedoes themselves EXERCISE A 13. chefs, studioes, pianos studios 1. backpacks 7. justices of the 2. peace 14. igloos, shelfs, tariffs shelves old-timers 3. blueberries 8. navel oranges 15. altos, mosquitoes, Eskimoes Eskimos 4. ex-senators 9. maids-of-honor Forming Plurals of Nouns C, p. 280 5. fathers-in-law 10. Japanese EXERCISE A 6. fingernails Americans 1. teeth 6. women EXERCISE B 2. 7. salmon [or salmons] spacecraft 11. tablecloths 14. editors in chief 3. 8. feet Lice 12. sisters-in-law 15. Asian Americans 4. 9. geese sheep 13. candlesticks 5. Chinese 10. pliers Words from Other Languages, p. 283 EXERCISE B councilmen EXERCISE 11. The city councilmans voted to table three seraphs /seraphim 1. The painting depicted three seraph with issues until after elections. angelic faces.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 12. Ms. Robles, the art teacher, distributed data scissors 2. Marcos printed copies of the datum he rulers and scissorses to the classes. binoculars found on the Internet. 13. All of the park rangers wore binocularses 3. Lunar and solar eclipses are not common around their necks. phenomena phenomenon.

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indexes /indices 4. Thea consulted several index before she Numerals, Letters, Symbols, and Words Used as Words, p. 284 found the information she needed. EXERCISE 5. To qualify for the scholarship, an applicant @s /@’s criteria /criterions 1. Do all e-mail addresses have @ in them? would have to meet several criterion. Xs /X ’s bases 2. The treasure map had two large, black X 6. The detective described several basis for his on it. theory. media /mediums 3. We are reading poetry written in England 7. Which of these medium do you like best: 1800s /1800’s during the early 1800. radio, television, or newspaper? cactuses /cacti 4. Try varying your word choice instead of 8. The Hammonds planted cactus beneath verys /very’s using so many very in your writing. their windows as a security technique. A’s 5. A are my favorite grade, of course. 9. Your research paper should prove one Os /O’s theses 6. Are these capital O, or are they zeroes? thesis, not two thesis. $s /$’s 7. Write $ at the left of the dollar amounts. 10. Part of Taylor’s job is to type i’s y of the instructor. memoranda /memorandums 8. memorandum. Marina had dotted all her i with little hearts. 11. For the geometry exam, I memorized five ums /um’s formulae /formulas 9. mathematical formula. I counted three um as you delivered your crises oral report. 12. “Do you handle crisis well?” asked the fire XLs /XL’s 10. chief of the job applicant. Mark all of the extra large shirts with XL. radii /radiuses 11. Most of the people in my class were born in 13. Our homework is to measure the radius of ‘80s /’80’s the late ‘80. these circles. 7s /7’s alumni 12. My aunt thinks that 7 are lucky. 14. Bradley and Oscar are alumnus of my high ands /and’s school. 13. If you use and between the items in the list, appendixes /appendices 15. Maria consulted two of the appendix for do not use commas. further information. 14. In her typed messages, Leona uses colons )s /)’s 16. For tomorrow’s class, read the chapter on and ) to form “smiley faces.” bacteria e’s bacterium. 15. The e in the Healthy Deli’s sign are burned parentheses 17. David placed the quotation in parenthesis. out. hi’s antennae /antennas 16. 18. The tiny insect had two antenna on its Gilbert’s hi are always friendly. l’s head. 17. How many l are in hullabaloo? 19. In his psychology class, Raleigh studied 18. Fake phone numbers are usually formed by psychoses 5s /5’s several interesting psychosis. using 5 for the first three digits. *s /*’s Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 20. The valentine was decorated with hearts 19. In your list of goals, use * to begin the cherubs /cherubim and two cherub. items. w’s 20. The URL should begin with three w.

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Review of Forming Plurals of Nouns B, p. 285 Words Often Confused A, p. 287 EXERCISE EXERCISE 1. #s [or #’s] 1. altogether 11. already 2. toothbrushes 2. brake 12. altar 3. 1990s [or 1990’s] 3. effect 13. all together 4. A’s 4. all right 14. alter 5. reviews [or review’s] 5. already 15. break 6. vice presidents 6. capital 16. altogether 7. editors in chief 7. all ready 17. effects 8. parentheses 8. affected 18. altar 9. %s [or %’s] 9. capitol’s 19. all ready 10. i’s 10. capital 20. capital 11. hello’s Words Often Confused B, p. 288 12. Zs [or Z’s] EXERCISE y of the instructor. 13. cactuses [or cacti] 1. course 11. desert 14. sisters-in-law 2. Council 12. formally 15. stepchildren 3. formerly 13. coarse 16. Ks [or K’s] 4. chose 14. counsel 17. 3s [or 3’s] 5. counselors 15. complement 18. @s [or @’s] 6. consul 16. dessert 19. phenomena [or phenomenons] 7. desert 17. course 20. sons-in-law 8. compliment 18. counselors 21. ifs [or if’s] 9. choose 19. chose 22. grand juries 10. course 20. counsel 23. *s [or *’s] Words Often Confused C, p. 289 24. 1700s [or 1700’s] EXERCISE 25. Ps [or P’s] 1. here 11. lead Numbers, p. 286 2. miner 12. morale EXERCISE 3. lose 13. past 1. 25,000 4. it’s 14. loose 2. twenty-seventh 5. minor 15. its 3. 87 6. moral 16. lead 4. tenth 7. hear 17. passed 5. Five thousand dollars 8. led 18. its 6. 5 9. past 19. here Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 7. 29 10. lead 20. lose 8. 25 9. 3:15 10. eight hundred

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Words Often Confused D, p. 290 Review B:Words Often Confused, p. 293 EXERCISE EXERCISE A 1. stationery 11. Personal 1. altar 6. lose 2. than 12. quiet 2. than 7. They’re 3. Personnel 13. then 3. capital 8. shown 4. principal 14. than 4. You’re 9. whether 5. stationary 15. peace 5. dessert 10. course

6. piece 16. principles EXERCISE B personal 7. shown 17. stationary 11. The company president’s personnel sta- 8. shone 18. personnel tionery is engraved with his initials. 9. principal 19. then piece 12. This tire has a peace of glass embedded in 10. quite 20. peace its tread. Words Often Confused E, p. 291 altogether 13. The effect of the magic trick was all EXERCISE

1. weather 11. you’re together astonishing. y of the instructor. Who’s 2. Whose 12. two by two 14. Whose taking you home after your soccer 3. too 13. waste game? 4. 14. hear whether they’re 15. In my oral report, you’ll here about Emily 5. Who’s 15. You’re Dickinson and the life she led. 6. waist 16. whether all right 16. Ms. Randall, is it allright if I go talk to 7. too 17. who’s Principal LeFevre now? 8. your 18. too compliments 9. to 19. your 17. The consul received many complements on 10. their 20. there his political acumen. Review A: Spelling Rules, p. 292 18. During the field trip to the state capital, we break 1. surely 14. donkeys took a brake to visit a water park. 2. 15. miner spies noticeable 19. After a noisy day at work, the minor 3. coming 16. fathers-in-law enjoyed the peace and quiet of his cozy 4. irreverent 17. ninety home. 5. glorious 18. rodeos they’re 20. I packed fruit cups for dessert since their 6. beliefs 19. unlucky 7. cooperate 20. matches healthier than cookies. 8. remittance 21. disagree 9. teeth 22. marrying 10. wives 23. tomatoes 11. unnecessary 24. boxes Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 12. argument 25. declassify 13. disassemble

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Review C: Spelling Rules and Words Often EXERCISE B Confused, p. 294 11. mouses, toothbrushes, houses mice EXERCISE A 1. unnerving 11. bereavement 12. monkeys, recede, rooves roofs 2. sisters-in-law 12. 7s [or 7’s] 13. interceed, immature, chiefs of staff 3. politely 13. potatoes intercede 4. 14. continuous &s [or &’s] 14. children, carefuly, bitterly carefully 5. A’s 15. chiefs 15. diservice, accede, a’s disservice 6. acquaintance 16. tuning 7. disapprove 17. verys [or very’s] 16. proceed, exceed, conceed concede 8. lives 18. axes 17. boxes, useing, trapped using 9. ninety 19. conceiveable 18. churchs, parentheses, diseases 10. carrying 20. patios churches EXERCISE B 19. receive, weight, neice niece 21. moral 24. supersede y of the instructor. 22. succeed 25. past 20. ordinarily, truly, radicaly radically 23. It’s

Review D: Spelling Rules and Words Often Confused, p. 295 EXERCISE A 1. desert 6. formally 2. Ten thousand 7. personnel 3. capital 8. shown 4. course 9. twenty-five 5. one hundred 10. then Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit

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Chapter 16: Correcting Common Subject-Verb Agreement A, p. 298 Errors, pp. 296-333 EXERCISE A 1. were 6. are Sentence Fragments and Run-On Sentences A, p. 296 2. is 7. comes EXERCISE 3. appear 8. Has 1. R 11. F 4. ride 9. remember 2. S 12. S 5. goes 10. is

3. R 13. S EXERCISE B 4. F 14. F 11. C 5. S 15. F does 12. How do she ﬁnd the time to practice that 6. S 16. S much? 7. R 17. R wake 8. F 18. S 13. Both she and her brother wakes up early 9. F 19. S every morning to practice. Does 10. R 20. R 14. Do her brother play an instrument, too? y of the instructor. Sentence Fragments and Run-On Sentences B, 15. C p. 297 minds 16. Neither Jessica nor her brother mind the EXERCISE 1. F 6. F practice time. 2. R 7. S 17. One of their grandmothers—their mother’s is 3. F 8. R mother—are a professor of music at the 4. F 9. F university. 5. R 10. R 18. C Revisions will vary. Has 19. Have either Jessica or anyone else in her [1] Bath houses were built by the Romans, for example. [2] Bath houses of the ancient Roman family ever played in public? Empire have a well-known history. Often differ- 20. C ent pools were kept at different temperatures. [3] Some of the Roman bath houses had shops, Subject-Verb Agreement B, p. 299 libraries, and sports facilities. [4] The largest EXERCISE A Roman bath house was built when Emperor 1. C Caracalla ruled. [5] Wherever the Romans gets went, they established such bath houses. 2. Unless he get up too late, Ralph usually One in England gave the town its name, Bath. walks to school. [6] That part of England was a practical location have 3. for a bath house because of the area’s natural Neither Russell nor his brothers has ever hot springs. [7] Long after the fall of the Roman been on an airplane. Empire, English people enjoyed the public wants

4. One of his brothers want to be a pilot. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit pools. [8] Baths and public pools exist in many parts of the world today. They are very popular 5. C in Japan. [9] There are many bath houses both 6. They used to be farmers, but neither of in Budapest, Hungary, and in Moscow, the farms capital of Russia. [10] Pools attract people in them farm any longer. any location. They are a good place to chat, do informal business, or just relax.

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7. Miguel, together with Alicia and Heather, 3. The members of the concert band will has have prepared a slide show. arrive early to tune (its, their) instruments. 8. The layout on these pages of the newspa- 4. How long has the United States had (their, looks per look too crowded to me. its) present system of government? 9. C 5. Every citizen should exercise (their, his or her) Is 10. Are either the pool in Garrison Park or the right to vote. pool in Stacy Park open yet? 6. Anyone who is entering a project in the

EXERCISE B science fair should set up (his or her, their) 11. The rehearsal will not begin until all of the display. C musicians have taken their seats. 7. If we work together with the ninth-graders 12. One of the trombone players and one of the to raise the funds (themselves, ourselves), we are clarinetists is missing. won’t have to ask our parents for so much hatch

y of the instructor. 13. If seventy-five percent of the eggs hatches, money for the trip. how many chicks will we have? 8. Reggie and Clara reminded (themselves, 14. Marissa, along with several of her class- himself or herself) that the last bus would volunteers mates, volunteer at the children’s hospital. leave at 6:00 P.M. has 15. The price of avocados have varied a lot 9. If they miss that bus, one of them will have over the past year. to call (his or her, their) parents for a ride. C 16. Spaghetti and meatballs is my father’s 10. Unless we can use the darkroom, we won’t favorite dish. be able to develop (our, their) photographs. doesn’t EXERCISE B 17. If the majority of the club don’t want to 11. All three runners from our school have meet next month, then we’ll cancel the their finished her races. meeting. was 12. C 18. The highlight of the banquet were the awards. 13. Clay’s younger brother and sister always their goes have peanut butter sandwiches in his or her 19. Two fifths of my allowance go into my lunches. savings account. C 14. C 20. How many pieces of chicken do we need they for the picnic? 15. Most of the books looked interesting, but it cost too much. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement A, p. 300 its EXERCISE A 16. I prefer to use molasses because their taste Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit 1. Some people say that dogs come when you is stronger and more distinctive. call (it, them), but cats take a message and 17. C get back to you later. 18. Rachel, who shares a room with two of her their 2. One of the girls in my gym class twisted sisters, really enjoys her company. (their, her) ankle on the stairs.

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We 19. According to my father, when he and his 13. Us tenth-graders are already looking they brother were young, he both liked spinach. forward to graduation. I 20. C [or A search party located the boys in 14. My family and me have visited over twenty it the morning after they had looked for them national parks. all night.] 15. We were supposed to meet Clarissa and Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement B, p. 301 Mario at the movies, but we didn’t hear them EXERCISE from they in time. 1. them 16. The chores were divided among David, 2. his or her him Kevin, and he. 3. themselves Whoever 17. 4. their Whomever wants to work on the mural 5. its [or his or her] should wear old clothes on Friday. him 6. their 18. Take Ms. Simmons and he these papers

7. it when you go to the ofﬁce. y of the instructor. 8. their 19. The woman who designed the winning 9. it she ﬂoat in the parade is her. 10. it whom 20. To who should the students turn in this 11. they application, and by when? 12. them 13. his Pronoun Forms B, p. 303 14. he EXERCISE S 15. them 1. (Whom, Who) wants to help make posters 16. his or her this weekend? 17. IO their 2. Please show (us, we) drama students the 18. he [or they] plans for the new auditorium. 19. it [or they] 3. Four of my cousins, Rich, Steve, Karen, and 20. it A (he, him), are older than I am. Pronoun Forms A, p. 302 4. Nadia couldn’t remember whether she had EXERCISE A DO invited Carol and (she, her) to the party. 1. me 5. him 9. I 2. us 6. her 10. she 5. The most cheerful person in our class is PN 3. she 7. who (her, she). 4. they 8. him 6. The coach asked three members of the A EXERCISE B team—Nick, Calvin, and (me, I)—to stay who 11. Do you know whom is rehearsing on the after practice for a few minutes. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit stage this afternoon? 7. Next summer, my father will teach my me IO 12. The salesclerk showed my mother and I at brother and (I, me) how to drive a car. least ten pairs of shoes. 8. LaShonda didn’t think the tomatoes looked OP ripe, so she didn’t buy any of (they, them).

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S 9. Either (she, her) or her grandmother does 4. The newspaper article did not say when the most of the family’s grocery shopping. parade will start. 5. My aunt and uncle will not be able to go to 10. After the children pick up their clothes and DO the concert. They told my parents the news. make their beds, we will take (them, they) to 6. In my school, there is an assembly every the park. Friday morning. S 11. What Simone and (she, her) planned to wear 7. C to the costume party was a big secret. 8. My father told my brother, “You need to get the car washed.” 12. After we ran into Celie and Carl outside the 9. If we want to be on time, we’d better leave restaurant, we went inside and sat with in the next ten minutes. OP (him or her, them) for a few minutes. 10. Julie repeated the instructions to Cynthia until Cynthia was sure that Julie could do 13. Are the women who own the landscaping PN the problem. business (them, they)? S Clear Pronoun Reference B, p. 305

y of the instructor. 14. (Them, They) and my brothers have gone to EXERCISE the same summer camp every year. Revisions will vary. 15. Didn’t your grandmother ask you to mow 1. Because Raul admired sketches of build- OP the lawn for (she, her)? ings, he thought of being an architect. 2. C 16. The people you wanted me to call and PN 3. The bank apologized for the inconvenience, remind about the meeting are (who, whom)? but this apology was no comfort to the clients in line. 17. Kristin, Maxine,S Lena, and Tom are some of the students (who, whom) should be asked 4. Even though rain was predicted, the forecast didn’t stop them from counting on this to help. IO picnic. 18. Tell Nate or (I, me) the combination to your 5. The specialist and the patient discussed the locker so that one of us can bring your problems the patient had been having. books home for you. 6. On the radio, the newscaster said the price of gasoline is going up again. 19. After the dance performance, my parents OP 7. The choir’s ﬁrst selection was a medley of gave ﬂowers to my sister and (me, I). IO spirituals. 20. Please draw Sam and (I, me) a map to your 8. The visiting authors talked to the students house. about the students’ writing. 9. Rosanne reminded Matty to choose a recipe Clear Pronoun Reference A, p. 304 that would be easy to prepare. EXERCISE 10. C Revisions will vary. 1. Verb Tense, p. 306

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit Before Ann and Miriam started their research, Ann had to sharpen her pencils. EXERCISE A went 2. Whenever the sky looks that threatening, 1. Last Friday night, we had gone to the game we can usually expect a bad thunderstorm. after we ate dinner. 3. The reason that my brothers are always at Neil’s house is that they like to jump on the trampoline.

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set 2. C 3. Please sit the vase of ﬂowers in the middle 3. When we visited the Bahamas last summer, of the dining room table. saw we have seen some amazing ﬁsh. 4. The team was disappointed because they lost 4. Despite the advances that medical science had losed the game. bought has made, much research into the causes of 5. I could have buyed three new sweaters for remains cancer remained to be done. the amount of money that jacket cost. will arrive 5. If the train leaves at 4:00 P.M., we will have 6. She would have enjoyed the campout more brought arrived before dark. if she had brung her scarf and hat. called dragged 6. When she calls, I had already begun to cook 7. The children slowly drug the toboggan up dinner. the hill. eaten 7. I have removed the hinges and sanded the 8. I would have ate more of my lunch, but I am door, so now I was ready to paint. ran out of time. lying 8. The dog had dug a hole under the fence 9. That old dog has been laying in the shade y of the instructor. escaped [or had escaped] and has escaped from the yard. all day. began written 9. Before the alarm begins to ring, I was 10. By tonight, I will have wrote more than ten already up and dressed. pages of my paper. 10. On Saturday mornings, we usually eat a 11. I wish my mother had talked to me before do threw late breakfast, run errands, and have done she throwed my old shoes away. chores. 12. All night long, the wind from the ocean blew EXERCISE B blowed strongly. [11] The Basque area in the western Pyrenees become has undergone 13. Before my grandfather could became a U.S. Mountains will undergo political change in citizen, he had to pass a test. recent times. [12] Even though King Juan swum 14. Nicholas and his sister have swam in this Carlos began to return Spain to democratic rule wanted lake before. in 1975, the Basque inhabitants would want sought 15. My family seeked advice from our me- independence. [13] In 1980, the people of this voted chanic when we wanted to buy a new car. unique region are voting overwhelmingly for decided run self-government. [14] Spain decides to grant 16. The horse must have ran away during the them home rule. [15] The Basque inhabitants, night. had wanted with their distinct culture and language, want 17. How many times do you think we have ridden home rule for a long time. rode this bus to school in the past two Verb Forms A, p. 307 years? Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit EXERCISE 18. I couldn’t hear her very well, but I think chose meant 1. At the bookstore, I choosed a biography that’s what she meaned. and two books of poetry. 19. Ray turned on the news, hoping that his won 2. By the time we reached the station, our team had winned. left train had already leaved.

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sent 20. The girls had already send the pictures to 20. sit, set Don’t set your glass of their grandparents. lemonade on the ground; one of

Verb Forms B, p. 308 the ducks will drink it. EXERCISE A Comparative and Superlative Forms A, p. 309 1. began 6. given EXERCISE A 2. driven 7. spoke 1. longer 3. forgotten 8. ridden 2. more quickly 4. become 9. sworn 3. most interesting 5. went 10. got 4. ready

EXERCISE B 5. More 11. rise, raise Every morning, just before the 6. most aggressive sun rises , our neighbor’s 7. many rooster begins to crow. 8. better 9. well y of the instructor. 12. sit, set I never set my alarm 10. more clock. EXERCISE B 13. lie, lay Even on Sundays, when most 11. Believe it or not, the world ocean—called people lie in bed a little that because all oceans are connected—is longer, I am up at the crack of largest the most largest region on earth. dawn. more spectacular 12. Many ﬁnd its scenery more spectacularer 14. lie, lay Last Sunday, I laid my than any landscape. head back down, and covered 13. Learning that seventy percent of the earth’s my ears with my pillow. more respectful surface is water, people are more respect- 15. rise, raise Our neighbors have raised fuller of the world ocean. chickens, ducks, and geese for 14. If Mount Everest were submerged in the many years. deepest most deep part of the ocean, its peak would 16. sit, set Whenever we sit outside be a mile below the surface. in the yard, the chickens and better 15. In the future, gooder research of ocean ducks come over to visit. life may help solve the problem of food 17. rise, raise When my little brother chased shortages. one of the geese, it raised its Comparative and Superlative Forms B, p. 310 wings and scared him off. EXERCISE A 18. sit, set The hens are usually sitting 1. Most

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit on their eggs. 2. lowest 19. lie, lay One of the hens laid her 3. badly eggs under our porch. 4. most delightful 5. better 6. ripe

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7. more Dangling Modifiers, p. 312 8. more informal EXERCISE 9. fewest Revisions will vary. 10. better 1. While we were waiting in line, the music started. EXERCISE B most boring 2. Before we could visit my grandparents, the 11. I agree; this is probably the most boringest flat tire had to be fixed. show I’ve seen in a long time. 3. To teach someone to drive, a teacher must less 12. We should spend least time watching TV. have patience and a calm manner. better 4. When sledding down the big hill near my 13. Well, some programs are a lot more better house, I encountered a rock in the path of than this one is. the sled. 14. Why are some of the people on television 5. Prepared and well-rested, I found the final more exam in geometry to be not at all difficult. paid mucher money than others? better 6. The road was blocked by cows that had left 15. You and I did watch a gooder series about through a gate that someone had left open. y of the instructor. space exploration recently. 7. Determined to unravel the mystery, the Misplaced Modifiers, p. 311 detectives re-examined all the clues. 8. As I was hurrying through the crowd as the EXERCISE Revisions may vary. final whistle blew, the train pulled out of the station. 1. The tourists listened to the old people of the 9. village singing an ancient spiritual song. As a stranger in the city, she found the one- way streets and traffic circles confusing. 2. We watched the sun set over the vast and 10. calm Pacific Ocean. For nomads weary from days of traveling under the hot desert sun, the oasis pro- 3. As the runner rounded the bases, the crowd vided shade and water. cheered, stomping and whistling loudly. 4. The hurricane that had been stalled out in Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers, p. 313 the ocean finally hit the coast. EXERCISE 5. The man placed a saucer of food in front of Revisions will vary. the kitten, which was twitching its tail and 1. Our supervisor selected two trainees who meowing hungrily. will assume regular duties after next week. 6. The woman, who had bought two ice cream 2. While reaching for the second prize, Pete cones, gave one of the cones to a man. knocked over the first place trophy. 7. As we walked among the towering and 3. To achieve a higher grade on finals, stu- ancient trees, we could hear the songs of dents would be wise to learn steadily the birds. throughout the term. 8. The man ran after his car that was rolling 4. After being left in disrepair, the cabin roof down the hill backwards. let in rain and wind.

9. The woman comforted the little girl who 5. On her way to the dentist, Aunt Lyla saw a Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit skinned her knee when she fell off the tricy- poodle. cle. 6. Full of self-conﬁdence, Allison posted her 10. The purple martin house that we put up report card on the refrigerator. last fall is now occupied by sparrows. 7. While we were walking the dogs in the park on Sunday afternoon, it began to rain hard.

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8. The neighbors admired the historic cottage 14. Don’t you want a second helping of these that had been repainted from top to bottom. mashed potatoes? 9. Over the loudspeaker, the principal said 15. The streets were so confusing that we could there was too much trash on the floor. scarcely tell which way to turn. 10. Having filled out the application, Janie Standard Usage A, p. 315 scheduled an interview with a supervisor. EXERCISE A Double Negatives and Other Errors, p. 314 1. really; badly 6. emigration EXERCISE A 2. lend 7. teach Revisions may vary. 3. a lot; fewer 8. Whom could 1. We were so tired that we couldn’t barely 4. used; himself 9. that; supposed put one foot in front of the other. 5. their; inferred 10. effected any 2. There weren’t no sandwiches left by the EXERCISE B Revisions may vary. time I got through the cafeteria line. any 11. She ought not to have turned off the alarm 3. y of the instructor. That store doesn’t accept no employment clock, but she was rather tired this morning. applications by telephone. 12. The reason she can hardly keep her eyes open is that she stayed up late last night. 4. She looked for graph paper everywhere in any 13. We probably should have planted fewer the house, but she didn’t find none. either flowers and more vegetables this year. 5. Jerome didn’t want to read neither of those 14. A number of students were standing in the books for his report. hallway as if they had nowhere to go. 15. 6. My mother said that we can’t go swimming Unless they catch a later train, they have any but two hours to tour the museum. in the river no more. ever Standard Usage B, p. 316 7. Don’t tell me you haven’t never eaten EXERCISE A Italian food! anyone 1. The candy and trinkets were divided 8. Why didn’t no one remember to bring a among between the triplets. camera? fewer anybody 2. You will burn up less calories walking than 9. Wasn’t nobody available to unlock the jumping rope. gymnasium doors? Besides 3. Beside American history and chemistry, 10. The little boys were so excited that they could Mia studies algebra. couldn’t hardly sleep the night before the Since 4. Being that it is noon, lunch hour begins now. trip. allusions 5. In Shakespeare’s works are many illusions EXERCISE B Revisions may vary. to mythology. That 11. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit Nobody’s come up with that idea before. 6. That there dog doesn’t like the mail carrier. 12. that We can’t bag any more trash until the 7. She read where the tickets would go on sale trucks haul this load away. at seven o’clock in the morning. 13. Losing her temper, my little sister said, have “Nobody can tell me what to do!” 8. He would of called, but he was already late.

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Doesn’t 9. Don’t he know that the moon affects the 8. visitors to yosemite and yellowstone tides? national parks have the opportunity to see 10. Do you think you can get this strawberry some of the most beautiful areas of the off jam stain off of my shirt? american west.

EXERCISE B 9. your parents or grandparents probably Revisions may vary. remember exactly where they were when [11] I would not have believed what my they heard that president john f. kennedy friend Ike wore to his job interview if I had not was assassinated on november 22, 1963. seen him with my own eyes. [12] Besides a tuxedo with plaid lapels, he wore a top hat with 10. Every year on halloween, our radio station a bent brim. [13] He looked as if he might have replays orson welles’s adaptation of h. g. been going to a prom during the days of wells’s novel The War of the Worlds. Charles Dickens! [14] I told him that wearing EXERCISE B that kind of clothing for an interview at the ice cream shop could backfire somewhat, but my [11] The gracy city gazette always apologizes y of the instructor. warning had no effect on him. [15] I hope he for its errors. [12] The article we printed on learned his lesson, but he is still looking every- tuesday, “on with the festival!” was not entirely where for a place to earn money this summer. accurate. [13] We misquoted the dates for the Capitalization A, p. 317 peaches and cream festival. [14] a parade will EXERCISE A kick off festivities on july 29. [15] Gracy City 1. jean lives with her family in the hancock council members will lead the way to the nor- arms apartments on forty-fifth street. wegian Pioneer memorial monument in lincoln 2. mom and dad’s business advisor, uncle park. [16] They will also hold groundbreaking raymond, developed the advertising ceremonies for the new gracy memorial hospi- C campaign. tal after the parade. [17] Festival activities will 3. greta read me an article about buddhist continue through the third of August. [18] we monasteries in tibet. hope this clears up any inaccurate information 4. Most passenger trains in the u.s., such as printed by this Newspaper. [19] Please accept the sunset limited, are run by amtrak. editor wylie’s apologies for earlier errors. 5. Everyone in the ecology club voted for a [20] Most of all, don’t forget to join your neigh- trip to the atlantic coast. bors for all the Summer fun! 6. classes at tubman high school begin Capitalization B, p. 318 august 30, but the next monday, labor EXERCISE day, is a holiday. 1. Mom and dad always watch meet the press and washington week in review on Sunday 7. “I asked dad,” reggie began, turning to look Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit mornings. at frank, “if he could take us fishing at lake jefferson.” 2. Simms & sons, on Fifty-Seventh street, is a Company that specializes in restaurant furniture.

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3. In The westing game, a novel by ellen raskin, 16. Send your film to p.o . box 11122, seattle, the lyrics of “America The Beautiful” wa 99002; you’ll receive your pictures and a provide clues to the Mystery. free roll of film in about Two Weeks. 4. “Ladies and Gentlemen,” the speaker 17. Does the museum of modern art have began, “we are gathered here to let the any Summer internships for High School Mayor and City Council know exactly how students? we feel about the plans to put a Natural 18. Unless you live in the southern hemisphere, Gas pipeline through our neighborhoods.” you won’t be familiar with Constellations 5. In england, boxing day, the day after christ- such as the southern cross and centaurus. mas, is the traditional day to exchange gifts. 19. The defense lawyer refused to comment 6. That airline does not fly to New Mexico’s about judge mewhirter’s ruling. Capital, santa fe. 20. “In case of an Emergency,” the notice read, 7. y of the instructor. Our neighbor, dr. pat kelly, has a ph. d. “Please call 911 to reach ems or the police.”

degree in american history, not an m.d. Commas A, p. 319 degree. EXERCISE 8. The university of texas at austin and the Optional commas are underscored. 1. university of michigan in ann arbor have Do you want to walk to school tomorrow morning, or should we sleep a little later Tens of Thousands of students. and catch the bus? 9. does mr. keaton expect us to read this 2. This recipe calls for nuts, raisins, and whole chapter, “the westward expansion,” chocolate chips. in one night? 3. On Tuesday, October 24, at 4:00 P.M., the junior class will assemble in the auditorium. 10. I didn’t see that Program last tuesday 4. No, I appreciate the invitation, but I’ve because our town does not have an nbc already made plans for Saturday night. afﬁliate. 5. Whenever I see a rainbow, I recall my grandmother’s stories about leprechauns 11. The audience waited while senator bates and their pots of gold. organized her notes and adjusted the 6. That man, Jesse’s uncle, works for one of microphone. the airlines in Dallas, Texas. 12. The cats, persephone and demeter, were 7. Ms. Branter, who teaches physical educa- , named after characters in Ancient Greek tion classes coaches the soccer and volleyball teams. Myths. 8. Many people celebrated the end of the mil- 13. The north star, polaris, appears to be almost lennium on December 31, 1999, but others insisted upon waiting until December 31,

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit directly above the north pole. 2000. 14. When you reach the Intersection of broad- 9. He wanted to go skateboarding with his way and san pedro street, turn right, or east. friends, of course, but he hadn’t ﬁnished 15. The vcr isn’t working, so I guess we’ll have his chores. to listen to cds.

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10. According to her sister , Marty is applying 4. Cassie’s address is 1339 Milam Street, to Georgia Tech, Texas A&M, and LSU. Apartment 12-B, and her phone number is 11. , That was my best broad jump so far Dave. 604-7490. 12. My grandmother, who is over seventy, gets 5. , up every morning at six o’clock, walks Although he is almost never late for school three miles, and then goes for a swim at the he overslept, this morning. YMCA pool. 6. Next weekend I am going camping with 13. Unfortunately, one of our scheduled speak- Nate, my best friend, since elementary ers, Dr. F. E. Maxwell, Jr., can’t make it today. school. 14. He apparently missed his connection and is 7. On Thursday and Friday, the performances , now waiting in the airport in Raleigh of Fiddler on the Roof will begin at seven North Carolina, until the airline can find , him a seat on another flight. o’clock but on Saturday the curtain goes 15. The crisp, clear fall weather was invigorat- up at eight o’clock. ing. 8. Please take this flyer to the front office, y of the instructor. 16. Celie, despite her cold, insisted on running ask Ms. Jameson, to approve it, and make in the 10K race. thirty copies for the class. 17. “Elias, we don’t have enough money to buy another car,” his father explained, 9. My dogs, whose names are Wolfie and “and, unless you save money, you couldn’t Bear, are huge but gentle. afford the gasoline, not to mention the 10. , insurance.” The concert despite the fact that all the 18. Imelda and Esmeralda, my twin nieces, tickets were sold out, was cancelled. will start school next year in the fall. 11. Fortunately, we will be able to get our 19. The rehearsals are scheduled for money back, but the process will take sev- Wednesday, December 6, and Friday, eral weeks. December 8. 20. After we finish our exams in June, we’re all 12. Mom, if you have a few minutes, could you planning a trip to the beach. [or After we please show me how to sew this button on? finish our exams, in June . . .] 13. My grandparents, who became U.S. citizens Commas B, p. 320 only a few years ago, never forget to vote. Optional commas are underscored. 14. In the dim, flickering light of the candles, EXERCISE the children’s eyes shone, as they opened 1. Camila, and her mother, Sra. Alcocer, will their gifts. be preparing all the food for the party. 15. “Everyone in the class,” Mr. Martin said, 2. We have games this Friday and Saturday, “except for Nelson, Glenn, and Christine, next Friday and Saturday, and, I believe,

has turned in a permission slip for the ﬁeld Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit the following, Friday as well. trip.” 3. According to the weather forecast, the 16. The Customer Service Department, storm, will reach our area in the middle of I believe, has an 800-number, so the call the night, sometime after midnight. will be free.

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17. I have classes, at 9:00 and 10:30 , lunch at 10. Please look in the cupboard and tell me 12:05, and a meeting after school today. whether we need any of these items from the grocery store: tomato soup, peanut but- 18. None of the materials on that cart, includ- ter, macaroni, vegetable oil, and crackers. ing the magazines, may be checked out. Quotation Marks and Other Punctuation A, 19. She brought a notebook, and a tape p. 322 recorder to the interview, she had sched- EXERCISE A 1. “What skating party?” asked Nadia, turn- uled. ing to face her friend. “When? Where?” 20. There is one item, in that catalog, item 2. “Let me look at my notes,” said Rita, “and number 7767, the rain jacket, that would be I’ll tell you all the details.” very useful. 3. Rita continued, “Oh, here they are! This backpack has so many pockets that I can Semicolons and Colons, p. 321 never find anything.” EXERCISE Colons may be substituted for semicolons 4. “You were saying . . .?” prompted Nadia. in items 4, 8, and 9 if the word following the colon is y of the instructor. capitalized. 5. “Everyone should meet at Marilyn’s house 1. The flight leaves at 1:30 P.M.; it arrives in at four o’clock on Saturday,” Rita said. Paris at 7:45 A.M. the next day. 6. “Unfortunately, Rita,” said Nadia with a 2. When you are at the office supply store, sigh, “there’s a little problem.” please pick up the following supplies for 7. “What kind of problem?” asked Rita. my science fair project: a tri-fold display “The rink isn’t expensive, and you can rent board, two clear report covers, and a pack- skates there.” age of graph paper. 8. Nadia sighed again and said in a whisper, 3. Some of the relatives at my family reunion “I don’t know how to skate.” came from as far away as Honolulu, 9. “Oh, that’s all right!” Rita said. “You’ll Hawaii; Anchorage, Alaska; and Portland, catch on fast, and we can all help you.” Maine. 10. “Do you really think so?” asked Nadia. 4. You can’t buy both the boots and the shoes; “Well then, I can’t wait!” you’ll have to choose one or the other. EXERCISE B 5. Bettina introduced us to everyone in her 11. “ ’ family: her mother and father, who came to Well, let me see. I m sure this is the right the United States from Germany when they direction,” said Cecily, looking at her com- were in their 20’s; her brother Ralf, who pass. owns a catering business; and her sister Margaret, who is still in elementary school. 12. “I think it was about 10:00 P.M.,” said the 6. The castle was begun in 1294 and occupied witness. “I know that because he [the off and on for the next two centuries; it was defendant] always walked his dogs around conquered and burnt about 1500. the block at that time.” 7. My brother plays the piano; I take guitar 13. Only the sopranos, not I, are able to reach

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit and ﬂute lessons. 8. My father is a man of many talents; he is an the high notes in “The Star-Spangled accomplished amateur golfer, an avid gar- Banner.” dener, and a published poet. 9. Aaron seldom watches television; he says he has better things to do.

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14. During President Clinton’ s first term in 6. The Gonzalezes ’ ranch is in New Mexico, office (1993–1997), the Republicans won near its border with Texas. 7. ’ control of the U.S. House of Represent- The newspaper s political editor came to the journalism classes’ awards banquet. atives. 8. We’ll meet at the Smiths’ house; then Sara’s 15. Everyone in Ms. Cranfield’s literature class dad will take us to the movies. has to read Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar. 9. The company’s president will take you to the conference room on the building’s sec- Quotation Marks and Other Punctuation B, ond floor. p. 323 Some marks of punctuation may vary. 10. That’s an incredibly long kite tail; it’s at least forty or fifty feet long! EXERCISE 11. Carla’s family gave the landlord one [1] “Nothing much, I guess,” said Carl. month’s notice before they moved out of ¶ [2] “Nothing at all? [3] Not one single the apartment. thing? [4] You must have done something!” 12. Don’t you agree it’s a beautiful morning?

¶ [5] “Well, the basement ﬂooded, and we 13. My mother always says, “Mind your p’s y of the instructor. and q’s,” but she can’t tell me the origin of spent most of the weekend mopping up the saying. water,” said Carl. 14. Well, my father’s favorite saying is “Cross ¶ [6] “You call that nothing!” exclaimed all your t’s and dot all your i’s.” Kevin. [7] “How did that happen?” 15. Three schools’ representatives to the ¶ [8] “The plumber—he’s my brother-in- District Student Council met to discuss their concerns about the school board’s law—was working on some old cast-iron plans. pipes,” Carl began, “and he forgot to shut off 16. The dogs’ leashes are on a hook in the one of the water lines. [9] You wouldn’t have closet; Gus’s leash is the long green one. believed the mess! [10] There was a foot, 17. Now’s the time to ask for your parents’ maybe even two feet, of water in the basement help. by the time we shut the water off.” 18. We’ll all go together in Nathan’s brother’s car. Apostrophes, p. 324 19. The road’s sharp curves and potholes make EXERCISE it an inexperienced driver’s worst night- 1. She won’t be able to come with us to mare. tonight’s dance performance. 20. He’s just gotten his learner’s permit, and 2. In a little over two hours, we can be packed his sister’s husband is teaching him to and ready to leave for Grandma Jones’s drive. house. All Marks of Punctuation Review A, p. 325 3. We shouldn’t have tried to take this test without a good night’s sleep. EXERCISE Optional commas are underscored. Answers to 4. Didn’t I tell you we should have gone to Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit sentences 4 and 5 may vary. sleep before two o’clock in the morning? 5. In the late 1990s [or 1990’s], many 1. Key West, the last of the Florida Keys, is Americans bought large cars, even though connected to the mainland by the Overseas smaller cars’ mileage ratings were better. Highway.

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2. In 1905 , when Henry Flagler () 1830– 1913 [2] Gwyneth, TX 77091 , decided to extend the railroad to Key West [3] February 10, 2009 Key West was Florida’s most populated city. [4] Mysteries Unlimited Club 3. ’ - It was also the United States closest deep 4000 B Academy Blvd. . water port to the proposed Panama Canal Denver, CO 80602 4. - - During the seven year long construction [5] Dear Sir or Madam: period, hurricanes threatened the project [6] Since June 10, 2002, I have been a member several times; at one time over four thou- of Mysteries’ Unlimited. [7] In your last, club sand men were working on the rail route. newsletter, you invited members to send in 5. - ( Many native born Key Westers a person their original mysteries, for possible publication. - - - born on the two by four mile island is [8] I have been writing stories for several years, [ “ ”]) called a Conch pronounced konk but I’ve never submitted anything for publica- are descended from early residents who y of the instructor. tion. [9] I’m enclosing a copy of my story salvaged shipwrecks. “Broken Glasses.” [10] The story’s setting is 6. When the cry, “Wreck ashore!” went up, Exeter, England. I grew up there, so the setting everyone would rush out to the wreck to is depicted accurately! [11] A cabdriver disap- see what could be salvaged. pears without a trace, except for his’ broken 7. One of Key West’s well-known residents glasses. The narrator is Glenda, a self-confident was the author Ernest Hemingway schoolgirl about my age who lives across the (1899-1961), who owned a house on the street from the missing driver. [12] After find- island from 1931 until his death. ing the glasses in the street, Glenda pursues 8. Today, the Hemingway House is among additional clues: loud music, screeching tires, the island’s most popular tourist and flashlights at midnight. [13] Although she attractions. is painfully, shy, she interviews at least twenty- five people—friends, neighbors, and customers 9. While he lived in Key West, Hemingway of the cabdriver—in her effort to find him. wrote several novels, including For Whom [14] She contacts the police, of course, but most the Bell Tolls, and short stories, such as of them—she does make one friend on the “The Short Happy Life of Francis police force—dismiss her well-founded worries Macomber.” as the product of an over-active imagination. 10. Hemingway owned nearly fifty cats; [15] Aren’t they embarrassed when the girl today’s visitors still look for those cats’ solves the mystery? [16] Can you guess how? descendants, especially the six-toed ones,

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit [17] By the way, the story contains no violence which are easy to spot. or weapons. All Marks of Punctuation Review B, p. 326 [18] Please consider, publishing my original story EXERCISE in your annual anthology (Best Mysteries). Optional commas are underscored. [1] 1420 Winston Ave.,Apt. 12

Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics: Language Skills Practice Answer Key 133 L09NAGUMA10_120-138.qxd 12/11/072:41PMPage134 134 14. 13. 12. 11. Exercise B 10. E [20] [19] envelope foryourreply pligA .327 p. Spelling A, Francine Gomez XERCISE 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. received attherestaraunt. He wasdisatisfiedwiththeservicehehad amazeing. collectionofpennys istruly My brother’s ancient buryalsite. The exhibitcontainedartifactsfrom an I thinkthattelevisionshowisoverated. achievement wasthegreatest. Don’t getinanargument aboutwhose they are alwaysdisobeyingtheirparents. Those youngsters’mannersare aweful,and materials. Roofs inthosecountrysare madeofnatural their theories. Scientists oftenreport anymodificationsto literary beautysiezedher. After sheread thepoem,anappreciation of the bankdeposits. The bookkeepperhasanaccuraterecord of neath leafs. Insect larvaeare sometimesfoundunder- studioes. City taxesrarely goforbuildingmusic don’t. Either youbelieveinthemovementor section ofthetestimmediately. If youfinishearly, procede tothenext Sincerely I haveenclosedaself amazing studios countries C A bookkeeper C leaves C C dissatisfied burial C , seized C C restaurant proceed . C C - addressed C pennies C C overrated , C awful stamped Exercise 328 p. Spelling B, 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 11. 10. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. just likehis When heforgets tocross his wolfs, thekangaroos, andthedeers. At thezoo,Iespeciallyenjoyedseeing my brothers are bass’s. My sister-in-laws are bothsopranoes,and trip everyspring. Twelvth-grader’s inourschooltakeaclass and blankettedthetowninsnow. The blizzard knockeddownthepowerlines answered inasmanydays. The questionaire wasthe4thoneshehad chemical formula. Unfortunatly, Idon’tunderstandthese consistency ofsourcream oryogurt. The battershouldhavereachd the always studiing. Wayne isaconscienciousstudent;he meeting. that everyonewillknowabouttonight’s Please postnoticsonthebulletinboards so Character from History.” His costumewasthewinerfor“Best voice soundedhoarse. She hadbeencoughhingfordaisandher problem. There are basiclyonlytwosolutionestothis a practicethatafternoon. Let mecheckmycalendar;Ibeleivehave shorttly afterhecametotheUnitedStates. My great grandfatherfoundedhisbusiness had missedtherehearsal onWednesday. Sharon wasdismaiedwhensherealized she After asatisfiinglunch,wealltooknap. wolves Unfortunately shortly w lt graders Twelfth itr-nlwsopranos sisters-in-law formulas great-grandfather usinar fourth questionnaire E blanketed EET OF LEMENTS satisfying studying C basically notices l s. conscientious dismayed l’s [or coughing basses formulae L ANGUAGE winner reached ] deer solutions days t’s t FourthCourse | believe s, theylook [or C ]

tried formerly 12. My family tryed to get a room at the motel, 15. She was formally an attorney in private vacancies but there were no vacancys. practice, but now she owns a bookstore. They’re compliment 13. The superintendent of schools has substan- 16. Their trying to give you a complement. experience Who’s tial teaching expereince. 17. Whose planning to submit an application to personnel 14. In the part of the county that is outside the the personal department? chief miners’ city, the sheriff is the cheif law enforcement 18. In the dark tunnel, the lights on the minors’ shone ofﬁcer. helmets shown eerily. led quiet 15. I received a pamphlet explaining the 19. The path lead to a quite picnic area. available summer programs availlable for high hear 20. Did you here the guide’s outline of the school students. capitol history of the capital building? 16. An extraordinary trafﬁc jam outside the caused Spelling and Words Often Confused, p. 330 stadium causeed us to be late for the EXERCISE

y of the instructor. tournament. 1. My grandparents recently sold the house Sadly forty-two 17. Saddly, he has a tendency to exaggerate they had owned for 42 years. things thinges. already 2. They have all ready packed everything; the balloons deserted 18. As the hot-air balloones ascended, the house looks desserted. cheered crowd cheerred. hear 3. Occasionally, I here sirens in the night. conceivable 19. I have looked in every concievable place, past 4. In the passed, she had always enjoyed but I still can’t find my journal. reunions family re-unions. freezing 20. Despite the freezeing temperatures, the ski piece unforgettable 5. You should try a peace of the banana bread; trip was unforgetable. it’s its really delicious! Every time lose morale Words Often Confused, p. 329 6. Everytime we loose a game, our moral EXERCISE A plummets. 1. route 6. morale affected 2. minor 7. waste 7. Days in the desert sun must have effected 3. personnel 8. whether his thinking. 4. plains 9. capitol 8. During the bicycle maintenance class, we shown brakes 5. peace 10. coarse were shone how to adjust the breaks and EXERCISE B how to fix a flat. affects Your waste 11. He wasn’t aware that the moon effects the 9. You’re parents don’t like to waist money. tides on earth. experience parties a lot principles 10. In my expereince, surprise partys are alot 12. One of this political party’s principals is that of fun. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit all meetings should be open to the public. 11. Last Tuesday, our state senator gave us a accept personal 13. The motion to except the engineering personnel tour of the capitol. passed company’s contract past unanimously. 12. The commencement ceremony will include alumnus 14. C a speech by a famous alumni.

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second 13. On the 2nd Wednesday of every month, the 9. C neighborhood his or her nieghborhood association meets. 10. No one chose to write their report about the their acquaintances 14. Do any of there friends or aquaintences brief war between England and Argentina work for that company? in 1982. their field 15. At the end of they’re feild trip to the EXERCISE B Revisions will vary. museum, all the sophomores bought 11. Because I plan to go into engineering, souvenirs. I need to have excellent math skills. 16. A single, magnificent painting of a pack of 12. The children watched the fire engine speed wolves wolfs was the dominant object in the room. by, its sirens blaring and its lights flashing. requirements 13. 17. One of our requirments for graduation is a After counting all the leftovers, we deduced course that more apples than oranges had been grammar coarse. eaten. lose 18. Did she loose her sunglasses or merely 14. The youngest boy looked out his bedroom misplace

missplace them? window at the first star, dim but twinkling. y of the instructor. successful 15. That was one of the most poignant and 19. One characteristic of many succesful self-confidence touching stories I’ve ever read. athletes is self confidence. It’s all right Review B: Mechanics, p. 332 20. Its allright; I know you must have been extremely EXERCISE extremly fatigued after the race. Corrections will vary. Review A: Usage, p. 331 1. “What in the world are truffles?” Kim . EXERCISE A asked 2. “Well,” her friend said, “they’re a fungus 1. Thailand, unlike many other Asian coun- was that looks a little like mushrooms. They tries, were never a European colony. grow underground, and some people con- 2. For 15,000 years Aboriginal Australians sider them a great delicacy.” their have used the boomerang to hunt for its 3. Wanting to know more, Kim asked, “How do truffle hunters know where the truffles food. are?” are 3. Tigers that stalk humans is rare. 4. “Not easily,” answered Kanisha.“In .” 4. A designer of Italian automobiles often has France pigs are trained to sniff them out his or her 5. “I suppose,” Kim said, shaking her head, formal art training in their background. “that a handful of truffles must be incredi- 5. C bly expensive.” doesn’t 6. Sue don’t know that the Hebrew word 6. Kanisha had also learned the following means about truffles: that they usually grow shalom mean “peace.” around the roots of trees, especially oaks; 7. Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated non- that they may be as small as a pea or as large Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit violent action to make a nation correct as an orange; and that they first became its popular near the end of the fifteenth century. their injustices. speak 7. The main French truffières (truffle grounds) 8. Some of the inhabitants of Quebec speaks are in Périgord and Vaucluse. French and English equally well.

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8. Some people are sensitive to the scent of While I’m waiting for the rain to stop, writing a truffles. Others look for other signs—small letter to a friend is a good way to get back in yellow flies that hover over the ground, for touch. I’ve been fine. How are you doing? All example—that truffles are below the surface. of your classmates, particularly Renata, 9. Truffles, a member of the genus Tuber, have Christopher, and Sandra, said to say hi. Renata been prized as food since ancient times! told me to tell you—I’m quoting her exactly— 10. If you’re ever offered the chance to eat truf- “Save a place for me at the University of New fles, even a tiny piece, try them. They’re Mexico.” Maybe you two could be roommates. wonderful! Guess what? Ms. Jimenez (she’s the teacher in Biology II) is from New Mexico, and she says Review C: Usage and Mechanics, p. 333 the Sandia Mountains are absolutely beautiful, EXERCISE especially at sunrise and sunset. Maybe I’ll try Revisions will vary. to visit you someday and see them for myself. January 13, 2009 Until then, send me some pictures. Dear Marcy, Are you still planning to visit during the holi- It’s been a long time since I have written an days? Let me know—we’ll have a party! y of the instructor. old-fashioned letter, but I wanted to use the sta- Always your friend, tionery my grandmother gave me for my birth- Lynn day. Next time I’ll e-mail you; that’s a lot faster. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions changes to the original are responsibilit

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