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Linear Synchronous Motors for MAGLEV, US DOT, FRA, NMI, Richard D Thorton, 1993 -11-Advanced’ Systems

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Linear Synchronous Motors for MAGLEV, US DOT, FRA, NMI, Richard D Thorton, 1993 -11-Advanced’ Systems U.S. Departm ent of Transportation Linear Synchronous Federal Railroad Administration Motors For Maglev National Maglev Initiative } Washington, DC 20590 Richard D. Thornton David Perreault Tracy G a rk Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 Laboratory for Electromagnetic and Electronic Systems DOT/FRA/NMI-92/13 January 1993 This document is available to the Final Report U.S. public through the National Technical Information Service, 11 - Advanced Systems Springfield, Virginia 22161 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. DOT/FRA/NMI - 92/13 rg s3- 148^59 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS January 1993 FOR MAGLEV 6. Performing Organization Code 8. Performing Organizotion Report No. 7. Author^ s) Richard D. Thornton, David Perreault, Tracy Clark 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Massachusetts Institute of Technology 11. Contract or Grant No. 77 Massachusetts Avenue DTFR53-9l-C-00070 Cambridge, MA 02139 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Final Report U.S. Department of Transportation June, 1991 - January 1993 National Maglev Initiative 400 7th Street, S.W., Room 5106 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, D.C. 20590______________ 5023 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract This paper is based in large part on work done in the DOT sponsored study, "Low Cost Linear Synchronous Motor Propulsion for Maglev." The principal objectives are to create a methodology for designing a Linear Synchronous Motor (LSM) with emphasis .on new ideas not embodied in existing maglev designs and ideas that contribute to cost reduction. The primary focus is on the propulsion of a high speed vehicle suspended by Electro Dynamic Suspension (EDS), but many of the ideas are applicable to Electro Magnetic Suspension (EMS) designs. We have created models, analytic methods and computation algorithms for predicting performance and estim ating cost. There is equal emphasis on simple approximate methods that are suitable for conceptual design studies, and more detailed methods that can be used to refine a design. Also included are descriptions of existing propulsion systems for Maglev and high speed rail because these can be used as a benchmark for comparison with new ideas. There is no attempt to create an "optimum" design because the propulsion system is only a part of a complete maglev system, and many system attributes w ill affect the LSM design. 17. Key Words position sensing, 18, Distribution Statement • maglev, guideways, linear synchronous Document is available to the U.S. public motor, power electronics through the National Technical Information electrodynamic suspension, Service, Springfield, VA 22161 electromagnetic suspension, helical 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21 • No. of Pages 22. P r ic e Unclassified Unclassified 92 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized METRIC/ENGLISH CONVERSION FACTORS ENGLISH TO METRIC METRIC TO ENGLISH LENGTH (APPROXIMATE) LENGTH (APPROXIMATE) 1 inch (in.) - 2.5 centimeters (cm) 1 millimeter (mm) « 0.04 inch (in) H oot (ft) ■ 30 centimeters (cm) 1 centimeter (cm) ■ 0.4 inch (in) 1 yard (yd) ■ 0.9 meter (m) 1 meter (m) ■ 3.3 feet (ft) 1 mile (mi) - 1.6 kilometers (km) 1 m e te r (m ) ■ 1.1 yards (yd) 1 kilometer (km) - 0.6 mile (mi) AREA (APPROXIMATE) AREA (APPROXIMATE) 1 square inch (sq in, in2) ■ 6.5 square centim eters (cm2) 1 square centimeter (cm2) =» 0.16 square inch (sq in, in2) 1 square foot (sq ft, ft2) ■ 0.09 square meter (m2) 1 square meter (m2) - 1.2 square yards (sq yd, yd2) 1 square yard (sq yd, yd2) ■ 0.8 square m eter (m2) 1 square kilometer (kn2) » 0.4 square mile (sq mi, mi2) 1 square mile (sq mi, mi2) - 2.6 square kilometers (km2) 1 hectare (he) ■ 10,000 square meters (m2) ■ 2.5 acres 1 acre - 0.4 hectares (he) ■ 4,000 square meters (m2) MASS - WEIGHT (APPROXIMATE) MASS - WEIGHT (approximate ) 1 ounce (oz) « 28 grams (gr) 1 gram (gr) » 0.036 ounce (oz) 1 pound (lb) m .45 kilogram (kg) 1 kilogram (kg) ■ 2.2 pounds (lb) 1 short ton - 2,000 pounds (lb) * 0.9 tonne (t) 1 tonne (t) » 1,000 kilograms (kg) a 1.1 short tons VOLUME (APPROXIMATE) VOLUME (APPROXIMATE) 1 teaspoon (tsp) » 5 m illiliters (m l) 1 milliliter (ml) - 0.03 fluid ounce (fl oz) 1 tablespoon (tbsp) - 15 milliliters (ml) 1 lite r (I) - 2.1 pints (pt) 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) ■ 30 milliliters (ml) 1 liter (I) - 1.06 quarts (qt)' 1 cup (c) ■ 0.24 liter (I) 1 liter (|) - 0.26 gallon (gal) 1 pint (pt) - 0.47 liter (I) 1 cubic m e te r (m3) =» 36 cubic fe e t (cu ft, f t 3) 1 quart (qt) - 0.96 liter (I) 1 cubic m e te r (m 3) ■ 1.3 cubic yards (cu yd, yd3) 1 gallon (gal) ■ 3.8 liters (I) 1 cubic foot (cu ft, ft3) - 0.03 cubic meter (m3) 1 cubic yard (cu yd, yd3) - 0.76 cubic meter (m3) TEMPERATURE (EXACT) TEMPERATURE (EXACT) [ (x - 32) (5/9) ] ®F - y*C ((9/5) y + 32 ] ®C - x °F QUICK INCH-CENTIMETER LENGTH CONVERSION 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 INCHES 0 1 2 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CENTIMETERS 0 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 141$ 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 25.40 QUICK FAHRENHEIT-CELSIUS TEMPERATURE CONVERSION -40° .22° -4® 14® 32® 50® 68® 86® 104® 122° 140° 158® 176° 194® 212° •40® -30® -20®' ■-10® 0® 10® 20° 30° 40® 50® 60° 70® - 8 0 ° 90® - 100° For more exact and or other conversion factors, see NBS Miscellaneous Publication 286, Units of Weights and Measures. Price 52.50. SO Catalog No. Cl 3 10286. Contents Contents ......................*.................................................................................................... 2 Outline ........................................... ................................................................................... 3 1 Maglev Propulsion System Overview...........................................................................5 1.1 Basic concepts...................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Vehicle attributes..................................................... 7 1.3 Motor attributes....................................................................................... 9 1.4 Block switching.....................................................................................................15 1.5 Power electronics..................................................................................................16 1.6 Power distribution.................................................................................................17 1.7 Position sensing and propulsion control..............................................................18 References and Bibliography......................................................................................20 2 Motor Analysis and Design........................................................................................... 21 2.1 Motor models and performance characteristics...................................................21 2.2 Vehicle field..........................................................................................................24 2.3 Guide way winding ..................... :.................................................................... 28 2.4 Voltage and current waveforms...........................................................................37 2.5 End effects.............................................................................................................39 2.6 Helical winding...................................................................................................... ..39 . References and Bibliography......................................................................................42 3 Electronic Power Conversion........................................................................ 43 3.1 Propulsion power requirements...........................................................................43 3.2 Semiconductor power switching devices.............................................................45 3.3 Passive components....................................................................... 49 3.4 Inverter and converter modules............................................................................51 3.5 Commutation ....................................................... .*.............................................. 57 3.6 Chopper control.................................................................................................... 60 3.7 Cost analysis........................................................................................................ 61 References and Bibliography .............................................. 64 . 4 Power Distribution....................................................................... 67 4.1 Overview...................................................................................................... 67 4.2 Utility issues..........................................................................................................68 4.3 Power distribution examples................................................................................72 4.4 A dc distribution system......................................................................................74 4.5 Cost analysis................................................................................. 75 References and Bibliography ......................................... 78 5 Control ............ .................... 79 5.1 Overview.............................................................................................................
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