Sport, Migration and National Identity

Project leader: Gijsbert Oonk

Erasmus School of history and Communication and the Faculty of Social Sciences. Sport, Migration and National Identity Research Excellent Initiative @Erasmus University with Erasmus School of history and Communication and the Faculty of Social Sciences. In this project we defined three PhD-projects:

(1) The emergence of Football citizenship and its discontent, 1930- 2014 (2) The emergence of Olympic citizenship and its discontent, 1894-2014 (3) Sport in the city: migrant players, race and fandom (, Calcutta and Bankok) Categorisation

Who Belongs to the Nation? Who may represent the Nation? A Global Continuum of Thick and Thin Citizenship Cases (Oonk 2018) PERCENTAGE FOREIGN-BORN PLAYERS IN WORLD CUPS, 1930-2014

12,00% 11,41% 1930-1938 10,19% 10,00% 8,56% 8,68% 1966- 7,95% 8,00% 6,66% 6,16% 6,29% 1990- 6,00% 5,28% 4,93% 4,61% 4,83% 4,19% 3,78% 4,00% 3,44% 3,13% 3,13%

2,00% 1,70% 1,14% 1,14%

0,00% 1930 1934 1938 1942 1946 1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

Source: Gijs van Campenhout: PhD student: Sport and Nation Project Erasmus University Rotterdam Bosatlas van het Nederlandse voetbal (2017). Based on data from Gijs van Campenhout @sportandnation Olympic athletes who represented two or more countries 1948-2012

Source: The Olympic Field: Swapping Nationality and the Dilution of Citizenship Joost Jansen, Gijsbert Oonk, Godfried Engbersen – to be published Figure 3. Olympic nationality switches 1948 – 2012 by citizenship category

Source: The Olympic Field: Swapping Nationality and the Dilution of Citizenship Joost Jansen, Gijsbert Oonk, Godfried Engbersen – to be published (Siifan Hassan; born 1993) is an Nageeye added extra excitement to the Ethiopian-Dutch middle- and long-distance runner. by a new Dutch record of She is the Dutch indoor record holder for the 2.08.16. Thanks to his strong final and . towards the finish, Nageeye ran five seconds Hassan won the gold medal at 1500 m at the faster than the previous record set by Kamiel European Athletics Championships Zürich 2014 and Maase. won two bronze medal at the World Championships, in 2015 in the 1500 metres event and in 2017 in the event. For more: visit our website: www://sportandnation.com

Thank you!

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