DOCSLIB.ORG

Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-1 APPENDIX D NHPA Section 106 Consultation Supporting Documentation Section 106 Consultation Request Letter February 1, 2012 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-1 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-2 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-3 Conceptual Project Plans for Section 106 Consultation, February 28, 2012 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-4 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-5 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-6 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-7 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-8 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-9 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-10 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-11 Request for HPO and NPS Review of Draft Phase I Cultural Resources Report April 16, 2012 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-12 Request for Review of Phase I Cultural Resources Survey, May 25, 2012 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-13 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-14 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-15 Section 106 Review and Comments Letter from CNMI HPO May 31, 2012 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-16 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-17 Response to Request for Review of Phase I Cultural Resources Survey Letter, June 25, 2012 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-18 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-19 USAF News Release regarding historical sites at GSN and TNI September 2, 2012 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-20 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-21 Section 106 Consultation Initiation Letter September 11, 2012 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-22 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-23 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-24 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-25 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-26 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-27 Note: Culturally sensitive information has been redacted from this page. Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-28 Note: Culturally sensitive information has been redacted from this page. Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-29 Note: Culturally sensitive information has been redacted from this page. Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-30 Note: Culturally sensitive information has been redacted from this page. Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-31 Note: Culturally sensitive information has been redacted from this page. Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-32 Note: Culturally sensitive information has been redacted from this page. Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-33 Note: Culturally sensitive information has been redacted from this page. Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-34 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-35 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-36 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-37 Note: Culturally sensitive information has been redacted from this page. Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-38 Note: Culturally sensitive information has been redacted from this page. Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-39 Note: Culturally sensitive information has been redacted from this page. Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-40 Note: Culturally sensitive information has been redacted from this page. Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-41 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-42 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-43 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-44 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-45 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-46 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-47 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-48 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-49 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-50 Note: Culturally sensitive information has been redacted from this page. Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-51 Note: Culturally sensitive information has been redacted from this page. Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-52 National Park Service Letter regarding Section 106 Consultation October 10, 2012 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-53 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-54 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-55 Section 106 Consultation and Findings of Effects to Historic Properties, October 16, 2012 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-56 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-57 Section 106 Consultation and Notification of Adverse Effect, October 29, 2012 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-58 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-59 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-60 FINAL REPORT PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY SUPPORTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR DIVERT ACTIVITIES AND EXERCISES ON SAIPAN COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS October 2012 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-61 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-62 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-63 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-64 FINAL REPORT PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY SUPPORTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR DIVERT ACTIVITIES AND EXERCISES COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS By Ben Fischer Jim Gallison, PhD, RPA Jeff Hokanson, MA, RPA Michael Jennings Matthew Edwards, MHP, PhD, RPA And Michael Church, PhD, RPA Maps by Ben Fischer Prepared For: Headquarter, Pacific Air Forces Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawai‘i Prepared By: HDR Environmental, Operations and Construction, Inc. 9563 South Kingston Court Englewood, CO 80112 October 2012 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-65 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-66 Final Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Divert Activities and Exercises ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFCEE Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment az Azimuth BEAR Basic Expeditionary Airfield Resources B.P. Before Present (radiocarbon years) CFR Code of Federal Regulations CNMI Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands cm centimeters EIS Environmental Impact Statement ENSO El Nino/Southern Oscillation ft feet FHP Forest Health Protection FIA Forest Inventory and Analysis GPS Global Positioning System GSN Francisco C. Ada/Saipan International Airport HDR HDR Environmental, Operations and Construction, Inc. HPO Historic Preservation Office IO Isolated Occurrence km kilometers km2 square kilometers m meters m3 cubic meters mi2 square miles mm millimeters NHL National Historic Landmark NHLS National Historic Landmark System NHPA National Historic Preservation Act NPS National Park Service NRHP National Register of Historic Places NRIS National Register Inventory System PACAF Headquarters, Pacific Air Forces U.N. United Nations USDA United States Department of Agriculture USGS United States Geological Survey WWII World War II October 2012 i Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-67 Final Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Divert Activities and Exercises ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank the following individuals and institutions whose assistance greatly facilitated the completion of this volume: Juan Camancho at the CNMI Division of Historic Preservation, for assisting with background research in advance of the survey; security staff at Saipan International Airport for facilitating access to survey areas on airport property; Bernard Marcos with PACAF who provided us with up-to-date project planning information in the field to help direct our survey efforts; Bill Grannis with PACAF and Toni Ristau at AFCEE provided valuable advice on a draft version of the report that greatly contributed to the quality of this final version. Comments on the draft from Merti Kani and Historic Preservation Officer Melvin Faisao, also at the CNMI Division of Historic Preservation, are also appreciated. While many individuals and institutions made contributions to this volume, the authors are solely responsible for any inaccuracies that it may contain. ii October 2012 Revised Draft Divert EIS Appendix D D-68 Final Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Divert Activities and Exercises ABSTRACT HDR Environmental, Operations and Construction, Inc. (HDR), was contracted by the Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (AFCEE) on behalf of Headquarters, Pacific Air Forces to complete a cultural resource survey pursuant to the preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The EIS will evaluate possible infrastructure improvements at Francisco C. Ada/Saipan International Airport (GSN), along with other alternatives. However, given the potential for impact to important cultural resources, specifically the Isley Field Historic District, which is also part of the Saipan Landing Beaches, Aslito/Isley Field, and Marpi Point National Historic Landmark, survey of the GSN Alternative was deemed prudent. This report details the approach used by HDR to identify, record, and evaluate cultural resources within the project area. Selection of the GSN Alternative would entail extensions to an existing runway and the footprints of a proposed hot cargo pad and arm/de-arm pad, two aprons and ramps, a maintenance facility, a hangar, magazines (one earth covered magazine and one multi-cube magazine), two fuel sites (bulk storage and operational tanks with hydrant system), and a Basic Expeditionary Airfield Resources (BEAR) kit site. As part of the survey, HDR surveyed 66.5 hectares (164.3 acres) in the vicinity of the airport. The project also involves the use of fuel storage tanks and offloading facilities at the Port of Saipan. The area that could be impacted by the selection of the GSN Alternative was surveyed by HDR cultural resources professionals who meet or exceed the Secretary of Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards. During the course of the investigation, which took place September 17–29, 2011, HDR found and recorded three pre-contact isolated occurrences and 11 features associated with the Historic District/Landmark. In addition, eight previously recorded Japanese bunkers (AB1 through AB8) were found to be adjacent to the study area as were remnants of B-29 hardstands. The three isolated occurrences date to the pre-contact period and consist of Latte phase ceramics and a sling stone.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Bioarchaeological Perspective Michael Pietrusewskya, Michele Toomay Douglasa, Marilyn K
    This article was downloaded by: [Professor Michael Pietrusewsky] On: 07 November 2014, At: 13:30 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uica20 Health in Ancient Mariana Islanders: A Bioarchaeological Perspective Michael Pietrusewskya, Michele Toomay Douglasa, Marilyn K. Swiftb, Randy A. Harperb & Michael A. Flemingb a Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA b Swift and Harper Archaeological Resource Consulting, Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, USA Published online: 06 Nov 2014. To cite this article: Michael Pietrusewsky, Michele Toomay Douglas, Marilyn K. Swift, Randy A. Harper & Michael A. Fleming (2014) Health in Ancient Mariana Islanders: A Bioarchaeological Perspective, The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 9:3, 319-340, DOI: 10.1080/15564894.2013.848959 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564894.2013.848959 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information.
    [Show full text]
  • Bus Schedule Carmel Catholic School Agat and Santa Rita Area to Mount Bus No.: B-39 Driver: Salas, Vincent R
    BUS SchoolSCHEDULE Year 2020 - 2021 Dispatcher Bus Operations - 646-3122 | Superintendent Franklin F. Tait ano - 646-3208 | Assistant Superintendent Daniel B. Quintanilla - 647-5025 THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, BUS OPERATIONS REQUIRES ALL STUDENTS TO WEAR A MASK PRIOR TO BOARDING THE BUS. THERE WILL BE ONE CHILD PER SEAT FOR SOCIAL DISTANCING. PLEASE ANTICIPATE DELAYS IN PICK UP AND DROP OFF AT DESIGNATED BUS SHELTERS. THANK YOU. TENJO VISTA AND SANTA RITA AREAS TO O/C-30 Hanks 5:46 2:29 OCEANVIEW MIDDLE SCHOOL O/C-29 Oceanview Drive 5:44 2:30 A-2 Tenjo Vista Entrance 7:30 4:01 O/C-28 Nimitz Hill Annex 5:40 2:33 A-3 Tenjo Vista Lower 7:31 4:00 SOUTHERN HIGH SCHOOL 6:15 1:50 AGAT A-5 Perez #1 7:35 3:56 PAGACHAO AREA TO MARCIAL SABLAN DRIVER: AGUON, DAVID F. A-14 Lizama Station 7:37 3:54 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (A.M. ONLY) BUS NO.: B-123 A-15 Borja Station 7:38 3:53 SANTA ANA AREAS TO SOUTHERN HIGH SCHOOL A-38 Pagachao Upper 7:00 A-16 Naval Magazine 7:39 3:52 MARCIAL SABLAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 7:10 STATION LOCATION NAME PICK UP DROP OFF A-17 Sgt. Cruz 7:40 3:51 A-44 Tracking Station Entrance 5:50 2:19 A-18 M & R Store 7:41 3:50 PAGACHAO AREA TO OCEANVIEW MIDDLE A-43 Cruz #2 5:52 2:17 SCHOOL A-42 San Nicolas 5:54 2:15 A-19 Annex 7:42 3:49 A-41 Quidachay 5:56 2:12 A-20 Rapolla Station 7:43 3:48 A-46 Round Table 7:15 3:45 A-40 Santa Ana 5:57 2:11 OCEANVIEW MIDDLE SCHOOL 7:50 3:30 A-38 Pagachao Upper 7:22 3:53 A-39 Last Stop 5:59 2:10 A-37 Pagachao Lower 7:25 3:50 SOUTHERN HIGH SCHOOL 6:11 1:50 HARRY S.
    [Show full text]
  • Guam 179: Facing Te New,Pacific Era
    , DOCONBOT Busehis BD 103 349 RC 011 911 TITLE Guam 179: Facing te New,Pacific Era. AnnualEconom c. Review. INSTITUTION .Guam Dept. of Commerce, Agana. SPONS AGENCY Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Aug 79 . NOTE 167p.: Docugent prepared by the Economic,Research Center. EDRS ?RICE . 1F01/PC07Plus 'Postage. DESCRIPTORS Annual Reports: Business: *Demography: *Economic Dpveloptlent4 Employment Patternp:Expenditures: Federal GoVernment: Financial, Support: *Government Role:_Local Government: *Productivity;_ Vahles (Data); Tourism - IDENTIFIER, *Guam Micronesia A ABSTRACT Socioeconomic conditions and developmentSare analysed.in thiseport, designed to ge. useful\ tb plannersin government and t_vr,. rivate sector. The introduction sunrmarizes Guam's economic olthook emphasizing the eftect of federalfunds for reconstruction folloVing SupertirphAon.Pamela in 1976,moderate growth ,in tour.ism,,and Guam's pqtential to partici:pateas a staging point in trade between the United States and mainlandQhina The body of the report contains populaktion, employment, and incomestatistics; an -account of th(ik economic role of local and federalgovernments and the military:adescription of economic activity in the privatesector (i.e., tour.isid, construction, manufacturingand trarde, agziculture and .fisheries and finan,cial inStitutionsi:and a discussion of onomic development in. Micronesia 'titsa whole.. Appendices contain them' 1979 uGuam Statistical Abstract which "Constitutesthe bulk Of tpe report and provides a wide lia.riety of data relevantto econ9mic development and planning.. Specific topics includedemography, vital statistics, school enrollment, local and federalgovernment finance, public utilities, transportation, tourism, andinternational trade. The most current"data are for fiscalyear 1977 or 197B with many tables showing figures for the previous 10years.(J11) A , . ***************t*********************************************t********* * .
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Use Customs on Guam an Exploratory Study
    8 2 8 G U 7 9 L.I:-\'I\RY INT.,NATIONAL R[ FOR CO^.: ^,TY W SAMIATJON (IRC) FRESHWATER USE CUSTOMS ON GUAM AN EXPLORATORY STUDY Technical Report No. 8 iei- (;J/O; 8;4J ii ext 141/142 LO: FRESHWATER USE CUSTOMS ON AN EXPLORATORY STUDY Rebecca A. Stephenson, Editor UNIVERSITY OF GUAM Water Resources Research Center Technical Report No. 8 April 1979 Partial Project Completion Report for SOCIOCULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF FRESHWATER USES IN GUAM OWRT Project No. A-009-Guam, Grant Agreement Nos. 14-34-0001-8012,9012 Principal Investigator: Rebecca A- Stephenson Project Period: October 1, 1977 to September 30, 1979 The work upon which this publication is based was supported in part by funds provided by the Office of Water Research and Technology, U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C, as authorized by the Water Research and Development Act of 1978. T Contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Office of Water Research and Technology, U. S. Department of the Interior, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute their endorsement or recommendation for use by the U- S. Government. ii ABSTRACT Traditional Chamorro freshwater use customs on Guam still exist, at least in the recollections of Chamorros above the age of 40, if not in actual practice in the present day. Such customs were analyzed in both their past and present contexts, and are documented to provide possible insights into more effective systems of acquiring and maintain- ing a sufficient supply of freshwater on Guam.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Public Works Division of Bus Operations Pupil Transportation Bus Schedule School Year 2017-2018
    DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS DIVISION OF BUS OPERATIONS PUPIL TRANSPORTATION BUS SCHEDULE SCHOOL YEAR 2017-2018 DRIVER: AGUON, DAVID F. BUS NO. B-123 SUPERVISOR: TAIJERON, RICKY U. SUBSTATION: AGAT MORNING AFTERNOON STUDENT S T A T I O N S PICK-UP DROP-OFF COUNT MILEAGE AGAT SUBSTATION SANTA ANA AREAS TO SOUTHERN HIGH SCHOOL STATION LOCATION NAME A-44 Tracking Station Entrance 5:50 2:19 A-43 Cruz #2 5:52 2:17 A-42 San Nicolas 5:54 2:15 A-41 Quidachay 5:56 2:12 A-40 Santa Ana 5:57 2:11 A-39 Last Stop 5:59 2:10 SOUTHERN HIGH SCHOOL 6:11 1:50 SANTA ANA AREAS TO MARCIAL SABLAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL A-44 Tracking Station Entrance 7:02 3:03 A-43 Cruz #2 7:00 3:02 A-42 San Nicolas 7:04 3:00 A-41 Quidachay 7:07 2:57 A-40 Santa Ana 7:09 2:53 A-39 Last Stop 7:11 MARCIAL SABLAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 7:15 2:40 SANTA ANA AREAS TO OCEANVIEW MIDDLE SCHOOL A-44 Tracking Station Entrance 7:22 3:57 A-43 Cruz #2 7:20 3:55 A-42 San Nicolas 7:24 3:53 A-41 Quidachay 7:26 3:51 A-40 Santa Ana 7:28 3:49 A-39 Last Stop 7:30 3:47 OCEANVIEW MIDDLE SCHOOL 7:35 3:30 A-1 1 OF 1 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS DIVISION OF BUS OPERATIONS PUPIL TRANSPORTATION BUS SCHEDULE SCHOOL YEAR 2017-2018 DRIVER: BORJA, GARY P.
    [Show full text]
  • THE AIRCRAFT Into Flames and Plummeted out of Control Toward the Ground
    activation, training, and deployment to the Pacific Theater of Operation (PTO). Chapter Three emphasizes the combat operations of the 315th during the months it was based in the PTO. Finally, Chapter Four summarizes the significance of the strategic air campaign against Japan and the 315th's contribution to that effort. The history of the 315th BombWing is closely linked to the story of the B-29 aircraft Make them the biggest, gun them the flown by the unit and to the mission of the Twentieth Air heaviest, and fly them the farthest! Force, the parent unit of the 315th in the PTO. A brief General H. H. Arnold discussion follows to highlight these relationships. The B-29, struck by the intense flak, suddenly burst THE AIRCRAFT into flames and plummeted out of control toward the ground. The Japanese searchlights had found the B-29 hidden in the night sky, and the antiaircraft batteries quickly inflicted their General Henry H. Arnold spearheaded the develop­ mortal wound on the American heavy bomber. Captain ment of the B-29 aircraft. As early as 1939, Gen Arnold Kenneth Dougherty, an aircraft commander in another B-29 pursued the development of a very long-range, very heavy that night, gave his account of the incident. bomber in anticipation of future air power requirements. At landfall there were four or five planes together. One Our B-29 idea come to birth in those days when it appeared stayed right with us all the way in. He was slightly ahead atthat England would go down to defeat, and there'd be no 1 o'clock.
    [Show full text]
  • 87Th AIR SERVICE GROUP
    87th AIR SERVICE GROUP MISSION LINEAGE 87th Air Base Group Redesignated 87th Service Group Inactivated, Aug 43 Redesignated 87th Air Service Group Activated Inactivated Disbanded, 8 Oct 1948 STATIONS Ft. Dix AAB, NJ, 15 Dec 1942-6 Aug 1943 ChakuLia DudhKundi, India Tinian IsLand, 4 Apr 1945 West FieLd, Tinian, Apr 1945-Dec 1945 Fort Worth, TX, Jan 1946 RosweLL, NM, 9 Jan 1946 Charra, India West FieLd, Tinian ASSIGNMENTS XX Bomber Command Fourth Air Force Second Air Force COMMANDERS HONORS Service Streamers Campaign Streamers Armed Forces Expeditionary Streamers Decorations EMBLEM EMBLEM SIGNIFICANCE MOTTO NICKNAME OPERATIONS 87th was charged with duties that were more invoLved & required specific technical training. This incLuded servicing radio & radar equipment, as weLL as base utiLity systems. The 87th also tooK care of procurement, storage, and issue of suppLies and ordnance in support of their two B-29 combat units. ALso incLuded in the 87th were the 58th BW Signal units. The B-29 was a very sophisticated and compLicated aircraft that had not yet been combat tested. This tasK, although very difficuLt, was performed with the up-most sKiLL by the members of the 58th BW. Prone to crashes at takeoff, and coupLed with severe engine probLems, the aircrews came to understand that the ground support units often Loved and cared for their "Birds" as much as they did. They also understood that without proper maintenance, the majestic yet always overLoaded B-29’s, wouLd never get off the ground. The 444th’s Group Liaison Officer, Scotty McCalL, had this to say about the 87th: "We who fLew the oLd ‘29s can never thanK our mechanics enough for their efforts (to) Keep us fLying under the most difficuLt times and conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Lobban & N'yeurt 2006
    Micronesica 39(1): 73–105, 2006 Provisional keys to the genera of seaweeds of Micronesia, with new records for Guam and Yap CHRISTOPHER S. LOBBAN Division of Natural Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923 AND ANTOINE D.R. N’YEURT Université de la Polynésie française, Campus d’Outumaoro Bâtiment D B.P. 6570 Faa'a, 98702 Tahiti, French Polynesia Abstract—Artificial keys to the genera of blue-green, red, brown, and green marine benthic algae of Micronesia are given, including virtually all the genera reported from Palau, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands. Twenty-two new species or genera are reported here for Guam and 7 for Yap; 11 of these are also new for Micronesia. Note is made of several recent published records for Guam and 2 species recently raised from varietal status. Finally, a list is given of nomenclatural changes that affect the 2003 revised checklist (Micronesica 35-36: 54–99). An interactive version of the keys is included in the algal biodiversity website at www.uog.edu/ classes/botany/474. Introduction The seaweeds of Micronesia have been studied for over a century but no one has yet written a comprehensive manual for identifying them, nor does it seem likely that this will happen in the foreseeable future. In contrast, floras have recently been published for Hawai‘i (Abbott 1999, Abbott & Huisman 2004) and the South Pacific (Payri et al. 2000, Littler & Littler 2003). A few extensive or intensive works on Micronesia (e.g., Taylor 1950, Trono 1969a, b, Tsuda 1972) gave descriptions of the species in the style of a flora for particular island groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Fifty Years on Nato's Southern Flank
    FIFTY YEARS ON NATO’S SOUTHERN FLANK A HISTORY OF SIXTEENTH AIR FORCE 1954 – 2004 By WILLIAM M. BUTLER Sixteenth Air Force Historian Office of History Headquarters, Sixteenth Air Force United States Air Forces in Europe Aviano Air Base, Italy 1 May 2004 ii FOREWORD The past fifty years have seen tremendous changes in the world and in our Air Force. Since its inception as the Joint U.S Military Group, Air Administration (Spain) responsible for the establishment of a forward presence for strategic and tactical forces, Sixteenth Air Force has stood guard on the southern flank of our NATO partners ensuring final success in the Cold War and fostering the ability to deploy expeditionary forces to crises around our theater. This history then is dedicated to all of the men and women who met the challenges of the past 50 years and continue to meet each new challenge with energy, courage, and devoted service to the nation. GLEN W. MOORHEAD III Lieutenant General, USAF Commander iii PREFACE A similar commemorative history of Sixteenth Air Force was last published in 1989 with the title On NATO’s Southern Flank by previous Sixteenth Air Force Historian, Dr. Robert L. Swetzer. This 50th Anniversary edition contains much of the same structure of the earlier history, but the narrative has been edited, revised, and expanded to encompass events from the end of the Cold War to the emergence of today’s Global War on Terrorism. However, certain sections in the earlier edition dealing with each of the countries in the theater and minor bases have been omitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Diving in Guam
    Diving in Guam Introduction Popular Outer Reef Sites Guam’s tropical waters are teaming with hundreds Guam is home to one of the world’s most amazing of varieties of colorful fish and coral species, a seascape of underwater phenomena, the Blue Hole, a natural 300-foot unimaginable beauty and clarity, with historic wrecks from shaft cut into the reef off Orote Point. A plethora of marine World War I and World War II. life and coral also inhabit several other outer reef dive sites including the Crevice, Coral Gardens, Shark Pit, Barracuda Guam’s open ocean is not only home to diverse coral and Rock, Hap’s Reef, and the elusive 11-Mile Reef. marine life; it’s one of Micronesia’s most affordable places to dive. Home to a variety of dives for all certification levels, the • Blue Hole island’s waters stay from 82-86°F year-round, with visibility One of Guam’s most unique dive sites, the Blue Hole is up to 150 feet. Dive environments for beginners and more located toward the tip of Orote Peninsula on the southern experienced divers are concentrated more heavily in the coast. Characterized as a 300-foot shaft cut into reef made south, with the exception of a few accessible dive spots in of limestone, the site offers excellent visibility that often northern Guam. allows divers to see the top of the hole from the surface. The shaft actually drops much further than air diving allows, but a large window opens to the outer wall at about 125 feet, allowing divers to exit and ascend after a free fall through the shaft.
    [Show full text]
  • Revelld Lockheed PV-1 VENTURA
    Revell D Lockheed PV-1 VENTURA 04662-0389 ©2012 by REVELL GmbH & Co. KG. PRINTED IN GERMANY Lockheed PV-1 VENTURA Lockheed PV-1 VENTURA Der Beginn des 2. Weltkrieges machte der britischen Luftwaffe schnell klar, das ein Teil der vor Ihnen At the beginning of the Second World War, the Roya! Air Force quickly realized that it would not be liegenden Aufgaben mit dem vorhandenen Material nicht zu schaffen war Besonders die possible to fulfil some of the future missions with the resources then available. In particular long-range Langstreckenpatrouillen und die Bekampfung von U-Booten mit der inzwischen veralteten Lockheed maritime patrols and anti submarine missions using the now-obsoiete Lockheed Hudson were Hudson waren ein grol3es Problem. Man beauftragte daher Lockheed mit der Konstruktion einer becoming a big problem. Lockheed was therefore commissioned to design a similar aircraft, using ahnlichen Maschine, unter Verwendung bereits vorhandener Bauteile der Hudson, um die existing parts from the Hudson in order to reduce the time required in construction. The result was the Konstruktionsarbeiten zu beschleunigen. Das Ergebnis war die Ventura G.R.I die am 31. Juli 1941 ihren Ventura G.R.I which completed its first flight on 31 July 1941. After 188 Ventura I's had been built for ' Erstf lug absolvierte. Nach dem Bau von 188 Ventura I fur die RAF erfolgten umfangreiche Anderungen the RAF, extensive modifications were made and the aircraft re-designated Ventura II. The U.S. Navy die zur Ventura II fuhrten, die sehr schnell auch als PV-1 das Interesse der US Navy fand.
    [Show full text]
  • Operation Dragoon Liberation of Guam the ASC HISTORY
    Operation Dragoon Operation Dragoon was the code name for the Allied wounded, a vast difference from the Normandy landings. invasion of Southern France that took place on 15 August Due to Allied pressure, the Germans withdrew to the north 1944. Originally, the invasion was planned to coincide with through the Rhone valley, to establish a stable defense line 1676 King Philip ’ s War ends. Operation Overlord, better known as the “D-Day” invasion near Dijon, France. Allied units were able to overtake the of Normandy. However, the Allies lacked enough landing Germans and partially block their route. The battle led to a craft to conduct both invasions simultaneously. After the 1786 Shays Rebellion begins. stalemate with both sides struggling to achieve any decisive Operation Overlord landings were successfully carried out, advances. Eventually, the Allied pressure became too much on 6 June 1944, the final date for Operation Dragoon was and the Germans ordered a complete withdrawal from 1814 Washington D.C. is burned. finally set. The intent for this invasion was to secure vital Southern France. The fighting ultimately came to a stop at ports on the Mediterranean coast while also increasing the Vosges mountains, where the Germans were finally able 1941 The Atlantic Charter is issued. pressure on the already stretched German Army. This to establish a stable defense line. After link-up with Allied invasion would also involve a large number of Free French units from Operation Overlord, the Allied forces were in Soldiers and sought to mobilize, in large numbers, the 1943 The Allies complete the liberation of Sicily.
    [Show full text]