Insect Host Location Remarks Spearmarked Black Paper Birch

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Insect Host Location Remarks Spearmarked black Paper birch Interior Alaska Black-moth populations were once again at moth low levels in interior Alaska. Only 500 acres of Rhaumaptera hastata defoliated birch were detected; a slight increase over levels in 1988. Spruce aphid Sitka spruce Southeast Alaska In sharp contrast to severe defoliation in Elatobium abietinum 1987 and 1988, aphid populations and their defoliation diminished greatly in 1989. Near-record cold temperatures during the 1988-1989 winter may have resulted in the population collapse. Spruce beetle Lutz spruce, Alaska Active infestations in 1989 covered 117,250 Dendroctonus rufipennis Sitka spruce, acres, 270,000 acres less than in 1988. White spruce Infestations continued on 10,690 acres of the Chugach National Forest and on 6,913 acres of the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. Spruce beetle populations were low and fairly stable in southeast Alaska. In Yakutat, 2,000 acres of Sitka spruce were infested near windthrow salvage units, but mortality was low. In Glacier Bay National Park, 15,000 acres were infested, but little mortality occurred in 1989. Along the Yukon River south of Galena, 100,000 acres of white spruce were infested, and 15,000 acres were infested along the Kuskokwim River. Spruce beetle activity was expected to decline further in south-central Alaska and increase in interior Alaska's white spruce stands. Spruce bud midge Black spruce, South-central Bud midge damage was prevalent on sunny Dasineura swainei White spruce Alaska regeneration sites throughout the Kenai Peninsula. In many cases, multiple leaders resulted. Spruce bud moth Sitka spruce Southeast Alaska Light to moderate defoliation of Sitka spruce Zeiraphera sp. occurred on 89,000 acres along coastal areas from Dry Bay to Yakutat. Spruce budworm Sitka spruce, South-central Defoliation was not apparent in Alaska's Choristonaura sp. White spruce and southeast spruce stands. Alaska Tent caterpillar Mountain ash, South-central Introduced (1988) western tent caterpillar Ma/acosoma sp. Red cherry Alaska populations were successfully eradicated in the Anchorage area. No tent caterpillar populations were observed in 1989 during intensive ground checks. Alaska Reglon--Status of insects in Alaska 98 .

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Spruce Beetle
QUICK GUIDE SERIES FM 2014-1 Spruce Beetle An Agent of Subalpine Change The spruce beetle is a native species in Colorado’s spruce forest ecosystem. Endemic populations are always present, and epidemics are a natural part of the changing forest. There usually are long intervals between such events as insect and disease epidemics and wildfires, giving spruce forests time to regenerate. Prior to their occurrence, the potential impacts of these natural disturbances can be reduced through proactive forest management. The spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) is responsible for the death of more spruce trees in North America than any other natural agent. Spruce beetle populations range from Alaska and Newfoundland to as far south as Arizona and New Mexico. The subalpine Engelmann spruce is the primary host tree, but the beetles will infest any Figure 1. Engelmann spruce trees infested spruce tree species within their geographical range, including blue spruce. In with spruce beetles on Spring Creek Pass. Colorado, the beetles are most commonly observed in high-elevation spruce Photo: William M. Ciesla forests above 9,000 feet. At endemic or low population levels, spruce beetles generally infest only downed trees. However, as spruce beetle population levels in downed trees increase, usually following an avalanche or windthrow event – a high-wind event that topples trees over a large area – the beetles also will infest live standing trees. Spruce beetles prefer large (16 inches in diameter or greater), mature and over- mature spruce trees in slow-growing, spruce-dominated stands. However, at epidemic levels, or when large-scale, rapid population increases occur, spruce beetles may attack trees as small as 3 inches in diameter.
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