Taxonomy, Biology and Conservation Taxonomy
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Spatiotemporal Pattern of Phenology Across Geographic Gradients in Insects
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2017 Spatiotemporal pattern of phenology across geographic gradients in insects Khelifa, Rassim Abstract: Phenology – the timing of recurrent biological events – influences nearly all aspects of ecology and evolution. Phenological shifts have been recorded in a wide range of animals and plants worldwide during the past few decades. Although the phenological responses differ between taxa, they may also vary geographically, especially along gradients such as latitude or elevation. Since changes in phenology have been shown to affect ecology, evolution, human health and the economy, understanding pheno- logical shifts has become a priority. Although phenological shifts have been associated with changes in temperature, there is still little comprehension of the phenology-temperature relationship, particularly the mechanisms influencing its strength and the extent to which it varies geographically. Such ques- tions would ideally be addressed by combining controlled laboratory experiments on thermal response with long-term observational datasets and historical temperature records. Here, I used odonates (drag- onflies and damselflies) and Sepsid scavenger flies to unravel how temperature affects development and phenology at different latitudes and elevations. The main purpose of this thesis is to provide essential knowledge on the factors driving the spatiotemporal phenological dynamics by (1) investigating how phenology changed in time and space across latitude and elevation in northcentral Europe during the past three decades, (2) assessing potential temporal changes in thermal sensitivity of phenology and (3) describing the geographic pattern and usefulness of thermal performance curves in predicting natural responses. -
Geographical Variation in the Wing Morphology of the Golden-Ringed
Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 38(2), pp. 65–73, May 22, 2012 Geographical Variation in the Wing Morphology of the Golden-ringed Dragonfly Anotogaster sieboldii (Selys, 1854) (Odonata, Cordulegastridae) Detected by Landmark-based Geometric Morphometrics Takuya Kiyoshi1 and Tsutomu Hikida2 1 Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0005 Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606–8502 Japan (Received 18 January 2012; accepted 4 April 2012) Abstract A previous molecular phylogenetic study showed that Anotogaster sieboldii has at least 6 monophyletic groups that are allopatrically distributed in the northern area of Asia (Japanese main islands and Korean Peninsula), Amamioshima, Okinawajima, Yaeyama islands, Taiwan and East China. These groups are difficult to distinguish by qualitative genital morphology; however, canonical variate analysis and linear discriminant analysis of the hind wing shape have been used to clearly distinguish them from each other. In the present study, multiple comparisons of the lengths of the abdomen and hind wing showed that these lengths did not differ significantly among the groups. In particular, the variation in the size range, in the lineage from the northern area, widely overlapped that of the lineages from the other areas. In evaluating the morphological differ- ences, the wing shape was found to be more sensitive than other size variables. Key words : geometric morphometrics, shape, Odonata. Introduction groups (Askew, 2004). Anotogaster sieboldii (Selys, 1854) is a large The family Cordulegastridae of the order Odo- cordulegastrid dragonfly that is distributed in nata consists of 40 species belonging to 5 genera Insular East Asia, Korean Peninsula and East (Tsuda, 2000). -
Publisher Version
Diversity and Distributions, (Diversity Distrib.) (2014) 20, 1016–1028 BIODIVERSITY Testing for taxonomic bias in the future RESEARCH diversity of Australian Odonata Alex Bush1*, David A. Nipperess1, Gunther Theischinger2,3, Eren Turak2,3 and Lesley Hughes1 1Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, ABSTRACT Australia, 2Office of Environment and Aim Invertebrates are often overlooked in assessments of climate change Heritage NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 3 impacts. Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) are a significant component of Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and are likely to be highly responsive to a changing climate. We investigate whether climate change could lead to signif- icant alteration of continental patterns of diversity and whether vulnerable species are taxonomically clustered. Location Australia. Methods Habitat suitability of 270 odonate species was modelled, and a sim- plified phylogeny was developed based on taxonomic relationships and expert A Journal of Conservation Biogeography opinion. These maps were then combined to compare species richness, ende- mism, taxonomic diversity (TD) and taxonomic endemism (TE) under climate change scenarios, and estimate turnover in species composition. Based on the concentration of vulnerable species in regions associated with Gondwanan re- licts, we tested the possibility that a focus on species loss would underestimate loss of evolutionary diversity. Results Species richness of Australian Odonata is concentrated in the Wet Tro- pics, central-north Australia and south-east Queensland. Several additional regions support endemic assemblages, including the Victorian alpine region, the Pilbara and far south-western Australia. Major shifts in composition are expected across most of the east coast in response to climate change, and Tas- mania has the potential to become a major refuge for mainland species. -
The Wing Venation of Odonata
International Journal of Odonatology, 2019 Vol. 22, No. 1, 73–88, https://doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2019.1570876 The wing venation of Odonata John W. H. Trueman∗ and Richard J. Rowe Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Received 28 July 2018; accepted 14 January 2019) Existing nomenclatures for the venation of the odonate wing are inconsistent and inaccurate. We offer a new scheme, based on the evolution and ontogeny of the insect wing and on the physical structure of wing veins, in which the veins of dragonflies and damselflies are fully reconciled with those of the other winged orders. Our starting point is the body of evidence that the insect pleuron and sternum are foreshortened leg segments and that wings evolved from leg appendages. We find that all expected longitudinal veins are present. The costa is a short vein, extending only to the nodus, and the entire costal field is sclerotised. The so-called double radial stem of Odonatoidea is a triple vein comprising the radial stem, the medial stem and the anterior cubitus, the radial and medial fields from the base of the wing to the arculus having closed when the basal sclerites fused to form a single axillary plate. In the distal part of the wing the medial and cubital fields are secondarily expanded. In Anisoptera the remnant anal field also is expanded. The dense crossvenation of Odonata, interpreted by some as an archedictyon, is secondary venation to support these expanded fields. The evolution of the odonate wing from the palaeopteran ancestor – first to the odonatoid condition, from there to the zygopteran wing in which a paddle-shaped blade is worked by two strong levers, and from there through grade Anisozygoptera to the anisopteran condition – can be simply explained. -
Using Specimens from the Past to Understand the Living World Through Digitization
Using specimens from the past to understand the living world through digitization Drs. Jessica L. Ware, William Kuhn, Dirk Gassmann and John Abbott Rutgers University, Newark Dragonflies: Order Odonata Suborders Anisoptera (unequal wings): Dragonflies ~3000 species Anisozygoptera ~3 species Zygoptera: Damselflies ~3000 species Perchers, Fliers, Migrators, & Homebodies Dragonfly flight Wing venation affects wing camber, lift, and ultimately flight patterns Dragonfly flight Stiffness varies along length of the wing with vein density and thickness Dragonfly flight Certain wing traits are correlated with specific flight styles Dragonfly collections: invaluable treasures Collection name # spp. #specimens Florida State Collection 2728 150K Ware Lab Collection 373 4K Smithsonian Collection 253 200K M.L. May Collection 300 10K Dragonfly collections: invaluable treasures Harness information in collections Targeted Odonata Wing Digitization (TOWD) project TOWD project scanning protocol TOWD project scanning protocol TOWD project TOWD project TOWD project 10 10 TOWD project More information at: https://willkuhn.github.io/towd/ Aspect ratios: How elongate is the wing compared to its overall area? • High Aspect ratio Low Aspect ratio Long narrow wings, Wing Short broad wings, optimized for: Wing optimized long-distance flight for: Maneuverability, turning High Aspect Low Aspect Ratio Ratio More data on aspect ratios, better interpretations? 2007: Hand measured forewings of 85 specimens, 7 months work More data on apsect ratios, better interpretations? 2007: Hand measured forewings of 85 specimens, 7 months 2019: Odomatic measurements for 206 work specimens, 2-3 minutes of work! Are there differences in aspect ratios? Perchers have significantly lower aspect ratios than fliers. The p-value is .001819. The result is significant at p < .05. -
The Impacts of Urbanisation on the Ecology and Evolution of Dragonflies and Damselflies (Insecta: Odonata)
The impacts of urbanisation on the ecology and evolution of dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) Giovanna de Jesús Villalobos Jiménez Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) The University of Leeds School of Biology September 2017 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own, except where work which has formed part of jointly-authored publications has been included. The contribution of the candidate and the other authors to this work has been explicitly indicated below. The candidate confirms that appropriate credit has been given within the thesis where reference has been made to the work of others. The work in Chapter 1 of the thesis has appeared in publication as follows: Villalobos-Jiménez, G., Dunn, A.M. & Hassall, C., 2016. Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) in urban ecosystems: a review. Eur J Entomol, 113(1): 217–232. I was responsible for the collection and analysis of the data with advice from co- authors, and was solely responsible for the literature review, interpretation of the results, and for writing the manuscript. All co-authors provided comments on draft manuscripts. The work in Chapter 2 of the thesis has appeared in publication as follows: Villalobos-Jiménez, G. & Hassall, C., 2017. Effects of the urban heat island on the phenology of Odonata in London, UK. International Journal of Biometeorology, 61(7): 1337–1346. I was responsible for the data analysis, interpretation of results, and for writing and structuring the manuscript. Data was provided by the British Dragonfly Society (BDS). The co-author provided advice on the data analysis, and also provided comments on draft manuscripts. -
The Phylogeny of the Zygopterous Dragonflies As Based on The
THE PHYLOGENY OF THE ZYGOPTEROUS DRAGON- FLIES AS BASED ON THE EVIDENCE OF THE PENES* CLARENCE HAMILTON KENNEDY, Ohio State University. This paper is merely the briefest outline of the writer's discoveries with regard to the inter-relationship of the major groups of the Zygoptera, a full account of which will appear in his thesis on the subject. Three papers1 by the writer discussing the value of this organ in classification of the Odonata have already been published. At the beginning, this study of the Zygoptera was viewed as an undertaking to define the various genera more exactly. The writer in no wise questioned the validity of the Selysian concep- tion that placed the Zygopterous subfamilies in series with the richly veined '' Calopterygines'' as primitive and the Pro- toneurinae as the latest and final reduction of venation. However, following Munz2 for the Agrioninae the writer was able to pick out here and there series of genera where the devel- opment was undoubtedly from a thinly veined wing to one richly veined, i. e., Megalagrion of Hawaii, the Argia series, Leptagrion, etc. These discoveries broke down the prejudice in the writer's mind for the irreversibility of evolution in the reduction of venation in the Odonata orders as a whole. Undoubt- ably in the Zygoptera many instances occur where a richly veined wing is merely the response to the necessity of greater wing area to support a larger body. As the study progressed the writer found almost invariably that generalized or connecting forms were usually sparsely veined as compared to their relatives. -
Zootaxa, a Synopsis of the Genus Amphipteryx Selys
Zootaxa 2531: 15–28 (2010) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2010 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A synopsis of the genus Amphipteryx Selys 1853 (Odonata: Amphipterygidae) ENRIQUE GONZÁLEZ-SORIANO Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Departamento de Zoología Apartado Postal 70-153, C.P. 04510, Mexico D.F. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The Mesoamerican damselfly genus Amphipteryx includes one already described and three more undescribed species: Amphipteryx agrioides, Selys 1853, A. chiapensis (Mexico, Chiapas, 5 mi E Rayón), A. meridionalis (Honduras, 10 mi SW Siguatepeque) and A. nataliae (Verapaz, Guatemala). Here I include keys and diagnostic illustrations of all species. Key words: Zygoptera, Amphipterygidae, Mesoamerica, Amphipteryx agrioides, Amphipteryx chiapensis, Amphipteryx meridionalis, Amphipteryx nataliae, synonymy Resumen El género mesoamericano Amphipteryx incluye una especie descrita y tres mas no descritas: Amphipteryx agrioides Selys, 1853, Amphipteryx chiapensis (Mexico, Chiapas, 5 mi E. Rayón), A. meridionalis (Honduras, 10 mi SW Siguatepeque) y A. nataliae (Verapaz, Guatemala). En este trabajo se incluyen claves e ilustraciones diagnósticas para todas las especies del género. Introduction A history of the tangled nomenclature surrounding misapplication of the name Amphipteryx agrioides Selys 1853 including its type locality, was recently documented by González-Soriano & von Ellenrieder (2009). They applied the name, based on examination of the female holotype in the IRSNB, to material later named Amphipteryx longicaudata González -Soriano 1991 from southern Mexico. These authors also considered more northerly populations from Hidalgo, Puebla and Veracruz States, Mexico, to represent true A. agrioides despite slight cercal morphological differences. Specimens determined as A. -
A Review of Natural Values Within the 2013 Extension to the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area
A review of natural values within the 2013 extension to the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area Nature Conservation Report 2017/6 Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment Hobart A review of natural values within the 2013 extension to the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area Jayne Balmer, Jason Bradbury, Karen Richards, Tim Rudman, Micah Visoiu, Shannon Troy and Naomi Lawrence. Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment Nature Conservation Report 2017/6, September 2017 This report was prepared under the direction of the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (World Heritage Program). Australian Government funds were contributed to the project through the World Heritage Area program. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Tasmanian or Australian Governments. ISSN 1441-0680 Copyright 2017 Crown in right of State of Tasmania Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright act, no part may be reproduced by any means without permission from the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. Published by Natural Values Conservation Branch Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment GPO Box 44 Hobart, Tasmania, 7001 Front Cover Photograph of Eucalyptus regnans tall forest in the Styx Valley: Rob Blakers Cite as: Balmer, J., Bradbury, J., Richards, K., Rudman, T., Visoiu, M., Troy, S. and Lawrence, N. 2017. A review of natural values within the 2013 extension to the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. Nature Conservation Report 2017/6, Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Hobart. -
An Overview of Molecular Odonate Studies, and Our Evolutionary Understanding of Dragonfly and Damselfly (Insecta: Odonata) Behavior
International Journal of Odonatology Vol. 14, No. 2, June 2011, 137–147 Dragons fly, biologists classify: an overview of molecular odonate studies, and our evolutionary understanding of dragonfly and damselfly (Insecta: Odonata) behavior Elizabeth F. Ballare* and Jessica L. Ware Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 University Ave., Boyden Hall, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA (Received 18 November 2010; final version received 3 April 2011) Among insects, perhaps the most appreciated are those that are esthetically pleasing: few capture the interest of the public as much as vibrantly colored dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata). These remarkable insects are also extensively studied. Here, we review the history of odonate systematics, with an emphasis on discrepancies among studies. Over the past century, relationships among Odonata have been reinterpreted many times, using a variety of data from wing vein morphology to DNA. Despite years of study, there has been little consensus about odonate taxonomy. In this review, we compare odonate molecular phylogenetic studies with respect to gene and model selection, optimality criterion, and dataset completeness. These differences are discussed in relation to the evolution of dragonfly behavior. Keywords: Odonata; mitochondrion; nuclear; phylogeny; systematic; dragonfly; damselfly Introduction Why study Odonata? The order Odonata comprises three suborders: Anisozygoptera, Anisoptera, and Zygoptera. There are approximately 6000 species of Odonata described worldwide (Ardila-Garcia & Gregory, 2009). Of the three suborders Anisoptera and Zygoptera are by far the most commonly observed and collected, because there are only two known species of Anisozygoptera under the genus Epiophlebia. All odonate nymphs are aquatic, with a few rare exceptions such as the semi-aquatic Pseudocordulia (Watson, 1983), and adults are usually found near freshwater ponds, marshes, rivers (von Ellenrieder, 2010), streams, and lakes (although some species occur in areas of mild salinity; Corbet, 1999). -
Draft Index of Keys
Draft Index of Keys This document will be an update of the taxonomic references contained within Hawking 20001 which can still be purchased from MDFRC on (02) 6024 9650 or [email protected]. We have made the descision to make this draft version publicly available so that other taxonomy end-users may have access to the information during the refining process and also to encourage comment on the usability of the keys referred to or provide information on other keys that have not been reffered to. Please email all comments to [email protected]. 1Hawking, J.H. (2000) A preliminary guide to keys and zoological information to identify invertebrates form Australian freshwaters. Identification Guide No. 2 (2nd Edition), Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology: Albury Index of Keys Contents Contents ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 8 Major Group ............................................................................................................................................ 8 Minor Group ................................................................................................................................................... 8 Order ............................................................................................................................................................. -
Two Remarkable Fossil Insect Larvae from Burmese Amber Suggest the Presence of a Terminal Filum in the Direct Stem Lineage of Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata)
Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy) vol. 126(1): 13-35. March 2020 TWO REMARKABLE FOSSIL INSECT LARVAE FROM BURMESE AMBER SUGGEST THE PRESENCE OF A TERMINAL FILUM IN THE DIRECT STEM LINEAGE OF DRAGONFLIES AND DAMSELFLIES (ODONATA) MARIO SCHÄDEL1*, PATRICK MÜLLER2 & JOACHIM T. HAUG1,3 1*Corresponding author. Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 2Friedhofstr. 9, 66894 Käshofen, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 3GeoBio-Center of the LMU Munich, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] To cite this article: Schädel M., Müller P. & Haug J.T. (2020) - Two remarkable fossil insect larvae from Burmese amber suggest the presence of a terminal filum in the direct stem lineage of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). Riv. It. Paleontol. Strat., 126(1): 13-35. Keywords: character evolution; Cretaceous; moult; Myanmar; Odonatoptera; ontogeny. Abstract. The fossil record of dragonfly relatives (Odonatoptera) dates back to the Carboniferous, yet knowl- edge about these extinct animals is meagre. For most of the species little is known except for the characteristics of the wing venation. As a result, it is difficult to include fossil larvae in a (wing character based) phylogenetic tree as the wing venation is not visible in most of the larval instars. Two larval specimens from Cretaceous Burmese amber are in the focus of this study. The two specimens likely represent two subsequent early stage larval instars of the same individual. Not only is this an exceptional case to study ontogenetic processes in fossils – the larval instars are morphologically completely different from all known larvae of Odonata with respect to the posterior abdominal region.