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Appendixvi.A:Gender Mainstreaming Plan (Approved by Ci-Gefagency On

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Appendixvi.A:Gender Mainstreaming Plan (Approved by Ci-Gefagency On APPENDIX VI.A: GENDER MAINSTREAMING PLAN (APPROVED BY CI-GEF AGENCY ON 2017-11-16) 1. Goals and Purpose of the GEF Gender Mainstreaming Plan Conservation International (CI) and the GEF recognize the importance of understanding and responding to gender relations to realize successful projects. Gender mainstreaming is reflected in CI-GEF’s Environmental Social Management Framework (ESMF). This document outlines CI-Guyana’s plan to mainstream gender into the design and implementation, as well as in monitoring and evaluation phases of the GEF-GOLD Project. This GMP will be used to guide the implementation of the broader El Dorado Gold--Responsible Mining in Guyana Initiative, which includes the GEF GOLD project and the NORAD- funded Addressing Drivers of Deforestation in Guyana and Peru project. The objectives of this gender mainstreaming plan and its implementation are to: i. provide reasonable and culturally compatible opportunities for men and women to benefit from and contribute to the project; ii. to avoid, reduce, and/or mitigate the potential adverse effects on men and women due to project activities; iii. to ensure respect for men and women’s dignity and human rights. This will be done at three levels which are summarized below and expanded upon in section 3: 1. Mainstreaming gender into the project governance: this means ensuring the Project Steering Committee (PSC) and broader project team, grantees and partners are sensitized on gender issues to understand the link to better project outcomes. It also means equipping them with the tools and know-how to implement and monitor integration measures. It also means ensuring all levels of project governance are aware of the donor requirements to integrate gender. Special care will be taken to ensure that the grant-making processes also embed gender when relevant. 2. Integrating gender considerations in the various components of the project: this refers to the 6 components of the project a. Mainstreaming Hg-free technologies in ASGM b. Financing mechanism for Hg-free technologies c. Markets for certified Hg-free gold d. National policies and incentives for Hg-free gold e. Monitoring and evaluation f. Communications and Knowledge Management The team will ensure that the sociocultural and economic realities of men and women (including different knowledge, access, challenges, etc.) inform integration in the various components. 3. Gender sensitive monitoring and evaluation: Baseline data will be collected and disaggregated by gender and reported in project activity reports where relevant, to measure female and male participation. These reports will be submitted to the PSC to inform adaptive management. The mandatory gender indicators required by CI-GEF will be incorporated. These require that each sub-activity of the project be rated by their relevance to gender equality, including for example, a brief analysis of how the project expects to achieve its objectives while addressing the different roles and the different needs of men and women. Monitoring and evaluation will use both qualitative and quantitative methods of collecting sex-disaggregated indicators. The measures outlined in these three areas are guided by a gender analysis conducted based on existing literature and primary data drawn from interviews (see Section 2 below). Throughout the project, CI- Guyana will also make use of other social baseline studies and projects conducted, local and international professionals including convening experts from the University of Guyana and professionals from the Ministry of Social Protection to provide outputs from the project as well as to continually improve project design. 2. Gender Analysis A gender analysis of available literature and primary data collected through interviews was conducted. CI-Guyana determined that there are several relevant gender considerations that must inform the design of the project. There is the overarching issue of governance and natural resources management and its gender implications. Hinton et al (2003) argues that in small-scale mining those issues pertain to the effectiveness of policy, issues of equality in land rights, representation in decision making processes and overall environment that is conducive to participation. In Guyana and within the gold value chain, these concerns exist along with a high gender inequality index and gender imbalance. Women’s participation in the sector is below 10 percent according to interviews with sector experts. Whilst there are no laws barring women’s participation in the society and in the gold value chain, systemic sociocultural barriers exist (NDS 2001). The imbalance is especially marked in the ownership of concessions or permits to mine and the gold mining phase of the value chain. The project team must support men and women miners to have equal access to opportunities to improve their operations and livelihoods. Equally important, the project team must acknowledge that some men and women miners, especially marginal miners, prefer not to participate in the sector and simply have no alternative means of eking out a living. Beyond providing more equal opportunity for men and women’s participation in the sector, the project must also provide equal opportunities to benefit from the project. Recognizing the potential impact that their families have on miners’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices, the project will also share with non- mining men and women information about improved practices that enhance safety, reduce mercury exposure, and preserve the ecosystems households depend on. Project site selection will be finalized early in project implementation and Region 8 (Mahdia and Upper Potaro) and 9 (Marudi Mountain) have been identified as possible sites. Sex disaggregated data is available at the regional levels, but not at sub-regional levels and thus we do not currently have figures on the gender makeup of specific sites. However, the Guyana Women Miners Organisation estimates that there are 14 women miners in Region 9, 32 in Region 8, and 21 in Region 1 (which will be the project control site). In 2012, the population of Region 8 was 11,077 (Census, 2012). Seventy-two percent (72%) of the population is Indigenous, 16.5% Mixed, 7.7% Afro-Guyanese, 2.5% Indo-Guyanese, and the remainder comprising Chinese, Portuguese, and Caucasian. Of the 10 Regions, and Region 8 has the highest predominance of men in significant part due to the mining activities located in the Region which require physical labour and likely preference for men’s labour versus women’s. The population of Region 9 stood at 24,238 in 2012. Eighty-five percent (85%) are Indigenous, 11% are Mixed, and the remainder comprise Afro-Guyanese, Indo-Guyanese, Portuguese, Chinese, White, and Other. As with Region 8, Region 9 has a significant predominance of males as is the case with most hinterland regions compared to coastal. It is clear, however, that the populations of the regions are predominantly Indigenous and thus will have different orientations, traditions, connections to land, challenges, et cetera that will have to be understood and embedded in activity design. Women in Guyana continue to face barriers to accessing credit and financial services. This has been found in gender studies conducted by CI-Guyana in Region 9. Empirical data indicate that improving women’s income results in more positive impacts for the households than improving the income of males (K'nife, 2015), (National Development Strategy Guyana, 2016). The project will ensure that the design of financial mechanisms is sensitive to gender dynamics and to support men and women’s equal opportunity to access financing. Lessons from developing a gender-sensitive revolving fund in Region 9 will inform the design of this mechanism. Small scale gold mining has numerous environmental implications. The use of mercury and its subsequent release into the environment has health implications for hinterland populations that utilize the waterways and the riverine fish and other wildlife, namely the indigenous communities whose homes are in proximity to mining areas. Mercury pollution into the environment affects Indigenous men, women and children through different pathways. It is particularly toxic to the fetuses of pregnant women. The clearing of forests to access the ore results in the loss of forest cover and its associated biodiversity. This loss of biodiversity often includes exotic flora and fauna species, resulting in a loss of environmental services and natural resources. This especially affects indigenous communities and can impact women more directly than men as the former are often responsible for sourcing fire wood, drinking water, and other essentials that depend on access to healthy ecosystems. Raising awareness amongst these communities, including men and women miners, but especially amongst women who often manage household resources such as water and food, can empower those women to become advocates for improved practices and technologies. Mining also impacts men and women socially. Indigenous men are often drawn to work in mining camps due to lack of adequate livelihood opportunities in their communities. Often when men leave their partners behind, the latter end up responsible for managing the household including the family farms. When women cannot manage, the farms are abandoned, the family’s nutritional status often weakens and women have the added burden of finding alternative sources of income for the family. In addition to women miners who work directly in the industry,
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