Annual Report 2012

LRC Human Rights Department Land Research Center Arab Studies Society /

Statistical Report

February 2013

Preface

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

The year 2012 witnessed an International recognition of the Palestinian State with the City of Jerusalem as the capital city; this implicitly meant rejection of all the Israeli colonial activities on the Occupied . The year 2012 witnessed the highest rate of Israeli attacks against Palestinian people, land, and properties in addition to the emergence of a new generation of radical Jewish politicians who raised to power in a glimpse of an eye. These politicians made it clear that peace is not a priority for the Israeli people and expressed their racist opinions publicly. Moshe Feiglin, a member of the Israeli Knesset suggested paying a certain amount of many for every Palestinian family that leaves Palestine. Jeremy Gimpel, another Jewish politician, spoke publicly about the importance of the demolition of the Dome of the Rock and erupting the temple on its ruins. Neftali Bennett, the leader of the right-wing political party The Jewish Home, said that he would prefer imprisonment over the removal of a colonists from the . Representative of the left wing, particularly, Shelly Yachimovich, A member of the Knesset since 2006 and the current leader of the Israeli Labor Party, said that it is vital “not to reduce budgets for colonial units outside the major colonies”. All of these comments are apparently made to abide with Benjamin Netanyahu, the Israeli PM policy who claims that a colony, such as Ariel, is as important as . At the same time, any Palestinian structure, no matter how simple or how insignificant is a major concern for the Israeli Government who rush to demolish or evacuate that structure while giving all kinds of support and protection to random colonies that spread all around the West Bank. One of these colonies is Migron, which is considered illegal even according to the Israeli racist and unjust laws; Migron was judged illegal by the Israeli Supreme Court which ordered its evacuation and removal, however, the Israeli Government overrode the Court decision and supported the colony with more residential units. This shows the true nature of the Israeli racist and colonial Occupation. Will the world ever realize that fact? are the countries of the world going to boycott Israel and impose sanctions on it till it abides with the international laws and agreements or is it going to be so late? Are the arrogance and stupidity of this occupation going to let the whole region blow?

Jamal Talab AlAmlah General Director Land Research Center Jerusalem – 22nd. Jan. 2013 The Land Research Center – an overview LRC was established in 1986 as a branch of the Arab Studies Society; it is a nongovernmental, non-profit organization which aims to consolidating sustainable development in Palestine through encouraging economic independence by urging people to have more control over their natural resources, improving their scientific and technical abilities, introducing more effective methods of natural resources management, and introducing up-to-date technologies. LRC’s activities cover all the West Bank, including Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip. It has branches in , Ramallah, and Nablus. LRC is an active member of the Palestinian Civil Society; it also promotes for cooperation between local NGOs, international organizations, and the public sector. LRC is specialized in conducting land and water related researches and studies; consequently, it provides other governmental and nongovernmental organizations with important data needed to develop strategies related to critical issues, the likes of land, colonization, and water.

The Human Rights Program It is viewed as one of the most imperative programs implemented on the national level. The program aims to monitoring the Israeli violations of rights, gathering detailed and precise information in this regard and make the information available to the people of the world in order to gain more support for the Palestinian cause. The Center has also offered Palestinian families advisory opinions and recommendations in regard to con- fiscations, demolitions, and demolition threats; it has also adopted several cases where it provided financial, logistical, and legal support to victims. LRC operates in cooperation with a large number of local and international organizations in order to support the Palestinians’ right to adequate housing, guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Methodology Information gathering is done in accordance with the International coalition for the right of property and residence: a specialized team of field observers follow up on Israeli violations. Information on ongoing viola- tions is usually obtained from news agencies, victims’ calls, interviews, and field visits. Information is then classified and distributed to field observers based on location. The field observers conduct visits to the attacked sites, record testimonies, take pictures, and let the victims fill special survey to obtain as much information as possible about the aggression. The gathered information is used to produce case studies, news feeds, and monthly and quarterly reports. All of the reported aggressions are recorded electronically on the LRC’s central database. It is worthy to mention that produced reports include pictures and maps and/or aerial photographs designed by the GIS and Mapping unit at LRC in order to provide visual aid needed to better understand the extent of the aggression. In the end, these reports are published on LRC’s webpage www.lrcj.org and the program’s special website which is developed and maintained in cooperation with the Applied Research Institute – Jerusalem (ARIJ) www.poica.org in both Arabic and English as well as being often published in the form of booklets and books. Content

Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence 1 1.1 Demolition and Evacuation of Palestinian Structures 4 1.2 Demolition Threats 10 1.3 Raids 18 1.4 Colonists Raids 19

Chapter 2: Israeli violations against natural resources 2 2.1 Attacks on Palestinian lands, trees, and environment 23 2.1.1 Land confiscations 23 2.1.2 Leveling and Destruction of Lands 24 2.1.3 Attacks aginst Palestinians trees 26 2.1.4 Demolition of cisterns, reservoirs, pools, and natural springs 27 2.1.5 Demolition threats for cisterns, pools, and springs 29 2.2 Pumping Sewage towards Palestinian towns and villages 30

Chapter 3: Colonists’ Attacks on Palestinians and their Properties 3 3.1 Colonists attacks 37 3.2 Types of colonists attacks 37 3.2.1 Attacks on Palestinian individuals 38 3.2.2 Attacks on Palestinian shepherds and farmers 38 3.2.3 Attacks on Palestinian vehicles 39

Chapter 4: Siege and Blockade 4 4.1 Further movement restrictions 43 4.2 Checkpoints added in 2012 44 Chapter 5: Israeli violations against religious sites 5 5.1 Israeli violations against religious sites 53 5.1.1 Most targeted sites 54 5.1.2 Israeli attacks on religious sites (1967-2012) 57 5.1.3 Attacks on religious sites in 2012 57

Chapter 6: Colonial Expansion and the Segregation Wall 6 6.1 Colonization in the West Bank and Jerusalem in numbers 63 6.2 Expansions in colonies – 2012 64 6.3 Israeli colonies subject to expansion bids – 2012 65 6.4 The Israeli and Expansion Wall (segregation wall) 68 Recommendations 77 Annexes 7 Annex 1: E1 colonial Scheme 81 Annex 2: Railway Plan 82 Annex 3: Closed Military Zones 83 Annex 4: Barrack Plan 88 Annex 5: Types of Israeli military Orders 90

Chapter 1

Israeli violations of the Right to Residence

Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence 3

Preface Since the Israeli Occupation of Palestine in 1948, a continuous Israeli attack against Palestinian residences and structures have been carried out. Several Palestinian towns and villages were wiped off where many others were evacuated. Today, the Israeli Government and Army campaigns against Palestinian residences are unstoppable with a sole purpose of ethnically cleansing the Palestinians by any means necessary. Since the signing of the Oslo Accords1, the Israelis have adopted several policies to prevent Palestinian urban expansion in the West Bank, especially within areas classified ‘C’ according to the agreement. The Israelis largely narrowed construction areas on various pretexts in order to facilitate colonial expansions on these lands. As a result, the Israelis conducted numerous demolition and evacuation campaigns in these areas which form 62 % of the total area of the West Bank. Furthermore, the Israeli Municipality in the Occupied City adopted a number of policies to prevent Palestinian expansions in the Occupied City; it limited master plans and classified large areas of Palestinian private properties as “green areas” where construction is prohibited. The Israeli Municipality in the Occupied City limited the areas designated for construction and set a series of complicated procedures that are required for granting construction licenses to the Palestinian residents. On the other hand, it facilitated colonial expansions by providing colonies with organizational plans and services. It also approved a number of colonial plans that include hundreds of colonial units. It also imposed what the Palestinian call “silent demolition” which is forcing a Palestinian to demolish his/her own residence in order to avoid huge penalties. As for the Valley area, the Israeli Occupation Authorities considers the area a closed military zone and have turned large portions of it to military training grounds and mine fields evicting tens of small communities in the process. Look annex 2.

1 The Oslo I Accord or Oslo I, officially called theDeclaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles (DOP), was an attempt in 1993 to set up a framework that would lead to the resolution of the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict. It was the first face-to-face agreement between the government of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). However, Israel never respected the agreement and breached most of its terms rendering it nothing but paper. 4 Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence

1.1 Demolition and Evacuation of Palestinian Structures The Israeli Occupation Authorities imposed strict measures on Palestinian construction in areas classified ‘C’ according to Oslo and ; according to LRC’s Monitoring Team, the Israeli Occupation Authorities demolished 604 structures in 2012 on the pretext of unlicensed construction; these include: 1. 189 residences which inhabited 1,243 people including 719 children 2. 415 structures (not residential) which benefited 3682 people including 1937 children; these in- cluded: ““ 148 barns and shacks, 72 sheltering over 4000 ruminants and horses and 45,000 chickens; 75 used for storage. Governorate Residences Area (m2) Victims Children ““ 27 retaining walls. Jerusalem 51* 3,306 323 197 ““ 41 commercial structures. Hebron 23 1642 146 93 15 717 50 22 ““ 61 cisterns and reservoirs. Ramallah 1 50 7 5 ““ 4 roads. Jericho 10 894 86 57 Nablus 16 408 109 63 ““ 133 other structures including Salfit 9 357 47 21 15 power networks. Qalqiliya 3 180 23 15 Tubas 61 930 434 246 ““ A . Tulkarm 0 0 0 0 Jenin 0 0 0 0 Total 189 8,484 1,243 719 Demolished houses in the West Bank Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC. in 2012 – by governorate: * 15 were destroyed by their owners (silent demolition).

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Jerusalem Hebron Bethlehem Ramallah Jericho Nablus Salfit Qalqiliya Tubas Demolished structures in the West Bank in 2012 – by governorate Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence 5

Demolished houses in the West Bank 2 in 2012 – by month: Month Residences Area (m ) Victims Children January 14 1132 96 63 February 16 926 113 59 March 16 354 104 62 April 21 501 111 62 May 16 674 85 52 June 54 1197 350 209 July 1 60 7 5 August 4 150 26 17 September 3 96 24 17 October 19 1110 126 62 November 14 1630 103 54 December 11 594 70 37 Total 189 8,424 1,215 699 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC.

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Jan. Feb. March April May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Demolished structures in the West Bank in 2012 – by governorate

Demolished structures in the West Bank in 2012 - by type:

Cisterns & Retaining Shacks, barns, & Agricultural Commercial Governorate reservoirs walls tents shacks structures Roads Others Total Jerusalem - 6 2 18 5 21 - 7 59 Hebron 1 32 12 35 4 2 1 18 105 Bethlehem - 2 - 6 2 5 - 3 18 Ramallah ------Jericho - - 6 7 - 9 - 4 26 Nablus - 1 1 17 1 1 1 50 72 Salfit - 4 3 4 3 - - - 14 Qalqiliya - - - 2 - - - 13 15 Tubas - - - 41 2 1 1 38 84 Tulkarm - - 1 1 - - - - 2 Jenin - 16 2 - - 2 - - 20 Total 1 61 27 131 17 41 4 133 415 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC. 6 Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence

Demolished structures in the West Bank in 2012 – by month:

Cisterns & Retaining Shacks, barns, & Agricultural Commercial Month Mosques reservoirs walls tents shacks structures Roads Others Total January 0 0 0 6 3 9 0 6 24 February 0 5 3 18 0 1 0 60 87 March 0 0 0 26 0 1 0 7 34 April 0 12 3 20 3 1 2 14 55 May 0 4 0 10 0 9 0 0 23 June 0 12 2 26 0 8 1 16 65 July 0 5 1 1 3 4 1 3 18 August 0 9 4 12 2 0 0 0 27 September 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 October 0 7 2 2 2 0 0 25 38 November 0 4 2 5 0 6 0 2 19 December 1 3 10 4 4 2 0 0 24 Total 1 61 27 131 17 41 4 133 415 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC.

House demolitions contradict with all the International conventions and Humanitarian laws including: ““ Article 53 of the Geneva Fourth Convention (1949) stating: “Any destruction by the Occupying Power of real or personal property belonging individually or collectively to private persons, or to the State, or to other public authorities, or to social or cooperative organizations, is prohibited, except where such destruction is rendered absolutely necessary by military operations.” ““ Section “G” of article 23 of the 1907 La Haye Conventions stating: “In addition to the prohibitions provided by special Conventions, it is especially forbidden (g) To destroy or seize the enemy’s property, unless such destruction or seizure be imperatively demanded by the necessities of war;” ““ Article 17 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights stating: “Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.” ““ Section 1, Article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: “The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself and his family, including adequate food, clothing and housing, and to the continuous improvement of living conditions. The States Parties will take appropriate steps to ensure the realization of this right, recognizing to this effect the essential importance of international co-operation based on free consent.” Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence 7

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1. Israeli bulldozers demolishing a house in Occupied City of Jerusalem - December 4, 2012 2. Children attempts to salvage what remained of their belongings after their residence was turned into rubble on November 6, 2012 – Ad Deirat, Hebron 3. The ruins of Wael al Abbasi residence in Jericho, demolished by the Israeli Occupation Army on January 6, 2012 8 Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence

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4. An Israeli dozer knocking down four commercial shops in , the Occupied City of Jerusalem on June 12, 2012 5. Israeli dozers spreading destruction in Lasefer, Yatta on October 16, 2012 6. Barns demolished and piled in Bardala, Tubas – June 6, 2012 Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence 9

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7. Order 145012 designated for the tents 8. Tents threatened with demolition by an Israeli Military order – April, 2012 9. The tents turned into rubble on August 28, 2012 10 Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence

1.2 Demolition Threats The Israeli Occupation Authorities have adopted a systematic approach for the 10 demolition of Palestinian residences, the Israeli Occupation Civil Administration and the Israeli Municipality in the Occupied City issued hundreds of demolition orders for structures in the West Bank, especially areas classified ‘C’ according to Oslo and East Jerusalem neglecting the fact that these lands are Palestinian private property.

The Israeli Occupation Civil Administration has been responsible for the demolition orders issued in the West Bank in a bid to hinder the development and urban expansions.

An Israeli inspector, usually guarded by Israeli troops, often places these orders on the targeted residences and take pictures of them before leaving. Sometimes the order is handed to any Palestinian around without showing any respect to the owner and without any formal method of informing the victims.

The first order that is usually issued is 11 called “stop-work”; these orders usually do not include the name of the owner, as if he does not exist, but it includes information like coordinates and a description of the “infringement” as well as the dates of a hearing session to be held in regard of the structure, typically within 45 days.

In case the owner fails to attend the hearing session or fails to obtain a construction permit which is the most likely scenario, the Israeli Occupation Civil Administration issues what is called “final stop-work order”.

10. A photocopy of a stop-work order 11. A photocopy of a final stop-work order Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence 11

In rare cases, the Israeli Occupation Civil Administration issues a third order entitled “additional opportunity to object to a 12 demolition order” which grants the victim 3 additional days to respond to the accusations and obtain a construction permit. Another type of military orders has been specifically used for areas in the eastern part of the West Bank and to the south of Hebron, the order, entitled: “eviction from a closed military zone”, is issued by the Israeli Occupation Civil Administration. This order forces the people to evacuate the designated areas within a short period of time and warns the targeted that if they do not comply with the orders they will be forcefully evicted and their belongings are to be confiscated.

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12. A photocopy of a final stop-work order 13. A photocopy of “additional opportunity to object to a demolition order” 12 Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence

According to LRC field staff, over 350 military orders have been issued in 2012; these orders targeted 1362 Palestinian structures including: 1. 772 residences inhabited by 5,538 people including 3,233 children. 2. 590 other structures benefiting 2,980 people including 1,592 children. ““ 338 barns and shacks. ““ 3 mosques. ““ 28 retaining walls. ““ 3 roads. ““ 19 commercial structures. ““ 3 educational and religious institutes. ““ 47 water cisterns, tanks, and reservoirs. ““ 94 other structures.

Threatened residences in 2012 by type of military order:

Stop-work Final stop-work Additional opportunity to Eviction from a closed Other Total Governorate order order object to a demolition order military zone order Jerusalem 13 25 0 0 205 243 Hebron 94 31 19 0 26 170 Bethlehem 48 8 0 0 0 56 Ramallah 6 0 0 0 0 6 Jericho 16 0 0 4 0 20 Nablus 7 26 0 39 0 72 Salfit 8 0 1 0 0 9 Qalqiliya 17 0 0 0 0 17 Tubas 62 0 10 101 0 173 Tulkarm 0 0 3 0 0 3 Jenin 3 0 0 0 0 3 Total 274 90 33 144 231 772 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC.

Threatened structures in 2012 by type of military order:

Stop-work Final stop- Eviction Confiscation Additional opportunity to Eviction from a closed Total Governorate order work order object to a demolition order military zone order Orders Orders Jerusalem 0 1 0 0 0 2 3 Hebron 68 8 66 0 8 0 150 Bethlehem 6 0 0 0 1 0 7 Ramallah 13 0 0 0 0 0 13 Jericho 33 1 0 0 0 0 34 Nablus 6 1 0 42 0 0 49 Salfit 17 0 0 0 0 0 17 Qalqiliya 22 0 0 0 0 0 22 Tubas 71 0 10 185 0 0 266 Tulkarm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jenin 29 0 0 0 0 0 29 Total 265 11 76 227 9 2 590 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC. Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence 13

Threatened residences in 2012 by Residences Area m2 Victims Children governorate: Governorate Jerusalem 243 11,680 2,513 1,632 Hebron 170 17,351 866 491 Bethlehem 56 5,274 273 163 Ramallah 6 210 28 20 Jericho 20 1,856 126 77 Nablus 72 3,280 468 215 Salfit 9 1,280 46 26 Qalqiliya 17 2,075 81 39 Tubas 173 6,820 1,114 558 Tulkarm 3 340 9 5 Jenin 3 220 14 7 Total 772 50,386 5,538 3,233 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC.

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Jerusalem Hebron Bethlehem Ramallah Jericho Nablus Salfit Qalqiliya Tubas Tulkarm Jenin Threatened residences in 2012 by governorate 14 Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence

Threatened residences in 2012 by Family Residences Area m2 Children month: Month members January 63 6,337 326 187 February 42 1,785 291 146 March 16 1,274 84 46 April 213 11,115 2384 1,545 May 39 2,899 261 139 June 43 5,976 193 113 July 55 1,752 303 157 August 41 3,525 226 145 September 16 1,270 106 48 October 98 6,977 427 218 November 70 3,500 490 220 December 76 3,976 447 269 Total 772 50,386 5,538 3,233 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC.

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Jan. Feb. March April May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Threatened residences in 2012 by month

Threatened structures in 2012 - by type:

Cisterns, tanks Retaining Agricultural Commercial Governorate Orgs. Mosques Barns Roads Others Total and reservoirs walls rooms structures Jerusalem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 Hebron 7 2 34 5 52 10 5 0 35 150 Bethlehem 0 0 4 0 1 0 1 0 1 7 Ramallah 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 6 13 Jericho 0 0 0 0 18 0 6 0 10 34 Nablus 0 0 4 0 45 0 0 0 0 49 Salfit 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 17 Qalqiliya 1 0 2 0 5 1 0 1 12 22 Tubas 0 0 2 1 234 0 1 1 27 266 Tulkarm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jenin 0 1 1 5 14 1 6 0 1 29 Total 8 3 47 28 376 12 19 3 94 590

Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC. Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence 15

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14. Iyad Awad residence, a stop-work order for the residence was issued on April 22, 2012 15. Military order 146448 Handed to Mr. Awad 16. Military order 5541 with a map showing threatened struc- tures in Susiya – June 12, 2012 16 Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence

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17. Susiya, targeted by order 5541 18. A child about to lose her shelter 19. A barn, property of Mousa Rebi, received a stop-work order in 2007 and another on February 23, 2012 Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence 17

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20. Order 301561, additional opportunity to object to a demolition order handed to Mr. Rebi 21. Husam Shakarna under construction residence located in Nahhalin, Bethlehem, received a stop-work order on March 22, 2012 22. Order 307764 handed to Mr. Shakarna 18 Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence

1.3 Raids Israeli Police and Army raids against Palestinian residences and property have been a usual scene throughout years of occupation; these raids are carried out with a purposes of Article 12 of assassinations, arrests, or simply harassments. the Universal Declaration Such raids have not been limited to certain areas as all the towns and of Human Rights: villages in the West Bank have been subjected to such raids; that includes “ No one shall be subjected to ar- areas classified ‘A & B’ according to . bitrary interference with his privacy, These raids are usually carried out in a brutal manner using dogs family, home or correspondence, nor to and extreme force; the results have been messed up houses, damaged attacks upon his honour and reputa- properties, arrests, murders, theft etc. they also spread fear and terror, tion. Everyone has the right to the especially among children, which caused permanent damage including protection of the law against urinary incontinence and other psychological illnesses. such interference or at- 1948 raids have been recorded by LRC in 2012, most of them ended with tacks. “ arbitrary arrests; Hebron (538 raids) and Nablus (309 raids) were hit the hardest. Governorate Raids The raids resulted in the following: Jerusalem 190 ““ 1349 arbitrary arrests, most of the victims were children. Hebron 538 Bethlehem 129 ““ 150 Palestinians were physically abused. Ramallah 95 ““ 50 residences were damaged by battering, burning, or damage of Jericho 23 properties. Nablus 241 Salfit 26 ““ 31 cell phones and 36 computers were confiscated. Qalqiliya 252 ““ 20 cases of theft of jewelry and documents. Tubas 88 Tulkarm 57 ““ 5 vehicles were damaged. Jenin 309 Total 1,948 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC. Case Study - Breaking-in Al Kiswanis residence

On August 26, 2012, a large force broke into Izzat al Kiswani (75) residences before messing it up and terrorized all the residence. Over 50 armed officers set a peremeter around the area known as “Kabbaneyet um Haroon” and broke into the 3-storey-building, inhabited by 3 families (16 people including 10 children). The building was raided while everyone was asleep; the children were terrified and the women were not given the chance to cover themselves. Izzat fainted during the attack and was taken to hospital while an Israeli soldier hit his daughter Itaf (45) on the head with the rifle buttock. The operation lasted for three hours. Izzat said: “they are trying to drive us out from our houses in order to capture them; every time they have different excuses while in truth their actions are intended to serve the colonists who dream about taking over our building, the same way they did to many others in the neighborhood ”. Chapter 1: Israeli violations of the Right to Residence 19

1.4 Colonists Raids Colonists attacks against Palestinian residences:

Attacks against Palestinian residences Governorate Impeded with Soaked is sewage or Raids and writing Torching and Seizures and Total rocks attacked with gas racist slogans destruction seizure attempts Jerusalem 0 10 2 0 7 16 Hebron 10 1 12 0 2 25 Bethlehem 6 0 2 0 0 8 Ramallah 1 0 3 0 0 4 Jericho 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nablus 23 5 3 0 0 31 Salfit 0 0 0 0 0 0 Qalqiliya 0 0 0 1 0 1 Tubas 0 0 5 0 0 5 Tulkarm 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jenin 2 0 0 0 0 2 Total 42 16 27 1 9 92 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC.

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23. Racist slogans written on a house walls in Shaqaba, Ramallah – December 12, 2012 24. Al Natsha family was forcefully evicted from their house located in Beit Hanina on April 18, 2012

Chapter 2

Israeli violations against natural resources

Chapter 2: Israeli violations against natural resources 23

2.1 Attacks on Palestinian lands, trees, and environment 2.1.1 Land confiscations

Article 1 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights States: ““ All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. ““ All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international economic co-operation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and international law. In no case may a people be deprived of its own means of subsistence. ““ The States Parties to the present Covenant, including those having responsibility for the administration of Non- Self-Governing and Trust Territories, shall promote the realization of the right of self-determination, and shall respect that right, in conformity with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations. ““ Article 17 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: ÌÌ Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. ÌÌ No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

Since 1948, the Israeli policies were designed for capturing as much Palestinian lands as possible in order to use these lands for colonial expansions; hundreds of different types of military orders were used to serve such purpose. There are various types of Israeli military orders designated for lands located in areas classified ‘C’ according to Oslo Accords, these include: ““ Eviction Notification. ““ Extension orders, borders modifications. ““ Eviction order. ““ Plans subject to approval: ÌÌ Registration of immovable properties. ÌÌ Master Plans. For more details, look Annex 5 Israeli colonists have been setting plans to capture areas classified ‘C’ according to Oslo accords. In February 2012, the Director of Jehovah and Samaria Council, Naftali Bent presented a plan2 calling for the unilateral capture of areas classified ‘C’ which form 62 % of the total area of the West Bank. Bent said that the world will not recognize the sovereignty of the Israeli state over these lands the same way that it does not recognize the Israeli sovereignty over the and certain neighborhoods in Jerusalem but with time, they will get used to it. According to the plan, the annexed lands will include areas in the Jordan Valley, the Dead Sea, Ariel colony, and a number of colonies around the West Bank. He also said that the people of “Israel” will enjoy what he described as “safety and security”.

2 Source: Yedi’ot Aharonot, Israeli daily newspaper. 24 Chapter 2: Israeli violations against natural resources

According to the Human Rights violations monitoring team at LRC the Israeli official and unofficial bodies have confiscated a total of 16,345 dunums for colonial expansions and/or the construction of the segregation wall and military bases. In addition, 10984 dunums were confiscated after labeling the areas “state properties” or “natural reserves”. Confiscated lands in the West Bank in 2012:

Extension Control Confiscation by Eviction Eviction Plans subject Governorate orders, borders over colonial groups/ Total Notification order to approval modifications lands societies Jerusalem 0 1,281 3,055 0 1,144 97 5577 Hebron 148 0 575 0 60 980 1,763 Bethlehem 199 120 349 0 68 1,043 1,779 Ramallah 12 0 0 0 1 270 283 Jericho 3,734 0 0 0 0 34 3,768 Nablus 0 808 667 3,362 300 3,674 8,811 Salfit 449 366 36 3,000 80 0 3931 Qalqiliya 360 585 0 0 40 0 985 Tubas 0 0 0 100 0 50 150 Tulkarm 0 653 0 0 0 0 653 Jenin 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 Total 4,902 3,813 4,682 6,462 1,693 6,158 27,710 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC. * Areas in dunums - Dunum = 1,000 m2

2.1.2 Leveling and Destruction of Lands The Israeli war machine is determined to destroy the Palestinian infrastructure and Palestinian agri- culture, consequently, imposing drastic damage on the environment and biodiversity in the targeted areas. LRC field observers kept a close eye on the situation and recorded damage that was inflicted on over 7484 dunums of agricultural fields; these include: ““ 3,000 dunums were leveled of which 1972 dunums were leveled for colonial expansion pur- poses. ““ 3,985 dunums were soaked with sewage pumped from nearby Israeli colonies. ““ 316 dunums of grain fields were set ablaze. ““ 110 dunums were used as grazing areas by colonists. ““ The Israeli Occupation Army confiscated the irrigation networks from 73 dunums (over 7,268 meters of pipes). Chapter 2: Israeli violations against natural resources 25

Damaged areas in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem in 2012:

Soaked with Used as grazing Confiscation and sabotage Bulldozing Burned Total Governorate sewage lands of irrigation networks Jerusalem 111 1000 0 0 0 1111 Hebron 118 142 15 50 73 398 Bethlehem 1562 1100 5 0 0 2667 Ramallah 200 740 120 0 0 1060 Jericho 33 0 0 0 0 33 Nablus 129 206 106 0 0 441 Salfit 255 599 0 0 0 854 Qalqiliya 195 198 70 0 0 463 Tubas 279 0 0 60 0 339 Tulkarm 80 0 0 0 0 80 Jenin 38 0 0 0 0 38 Total 3,000 3,985 316 110 73 7,484 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC. * Areas in dunums - Dunum = 1,000 m2

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25. On May 30, 2012, colonists of Yakir bulldozed around 12 dunums of agricultural lands in . 26. June 10, 2012, Israeli colonists set a field ablaze in Al Sawiyya – Nablus 26 Chapter 2: Israeli violations against natural resources

2.1.3 Attacks aginst Palestinians trees The Palestinian olives are a symbol of civilization, history, and identity which makes it a target for the Israeli occupiers who tend to cleanse the Palestinians and remove them from these lands. Every year, the olive-picking season becomes a season of attacks carried out by Israeli colonists spreading all around the West Bank; all being done under the protection, probably supervision, of the Israeli Occupation Authorities which bless the attacks. LRC field observers reported attacks against 64,000 trees including 60,560 that were completely destroyed and the rest were partially damaged. Over 184 attacks were recorded of which 25 were committed by the Israeli Occupation Army and the rest were carried out by colonists who did so under the protection of Israeli troops. Olives were the most targeted trees as 51,991 olive trees were damaged. In addition, over 1500 olive trees were uprooted and taken to unknown destinations.

Cutting the trees felt like they were cutting my limbs; these are not humans, if they had the slightest bit of humanity they would have been filled with sorrow for the trees which they were cold-bloodedly cutting.

Ahmad Shakarna commenting on the uprooting and theft of his trees which took place on November 18, 2012. Total number of damaged trees in 2012:

Burned trees Uprooted trees Trees damaged by Governorate Total Fully Partially Fully Partially Toxicities Sewage Bulldozing Jerusalem 0 0 20 0 0 12,000 0 12,020 Hebron 0 0 685 441 30 3,190 657 5,003 Bethlehem 0 306 763 520 0 8,050 495 10,134 Ramallah 35 12 581 799 0 14,100 0 15,527 Jericho 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 10 Nablus 225 284 716 635 0 2,900 0 4,760 Salfit 68 0 56 338 20 11,140 500 12,122 Qalqiliya 296 0 25 105 0 3,478 500 4,404 Tubas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tulkarm 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 20 Jenin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 624 602 2,876 2,838 50 54,858 2,152 Total 64,000 5,714 57,060 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC.

27

27. Israeli colonists set olive trees ablaze in Qaryut – Nablus, October 13, 2012 Chapter 2: Israeli violations against natural resources 27

28

29

28. Colonists of Nahliel ravage 37 Olive trees on October 12, 2012 – Bitillo, Ramallah 29. Colonists sign “payback” after attacking olive fields in Yatta on November 22, 2012

2.1.4 Demolition of cisterns, reservoirs, pools, and natural springs Control over natural resources have always been a vital part of the Israeli overall growth and colonization policies; over the years, huge areas of agricultural lands and water sources have been confiscated. This is a breach of the International law and Humanitarian law in addition to Oslo accords. Despite taking over all the water sources in the West Bank and the confiscation of all the lands that held groundwater the Israeli Occupation Authorities have been imposing extreme restrictions on the extraction or storage of water. Any construction of a water cistern or an irrigation network in areas classified ‘C’ will be met with a stop-work order or even demolition without any prior warnings; in addition, the placement or even rehabilitation of any water pipelines in area ‘C’ is strictly prohibited. In 2012, LRC field observers recorded the demolition of 61 cisterns and pools benefiting at least 1000 people and 960 dunums. In addition, stop-work orders were issued for 60 cisterns and 23 water tankers were confiscated. 28 Chapter 2: Israeli violations against natural resources

(Oslo Accords) Protocol on Israeli-Palestinian co-operation in economic and development Programs. The two sides agreed upon the establishment of an Israeli-Palestinian continuing committee for economic cooperation, focusing, among other things, on the following: Co-operation in the field of water, including a water development program prepared by experts from both sides, which will also specify the mode of co-operation in the management of water resources in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and will include proposals for studies and plans on water rights of each party, as well as on the equitable utilization of joint water resources for implementation in and beyond the interim period. Israel proved over and over that the agreement was nothing but a way to trick the Palestinians and the international community.

Demolished water cisterns, pools, springs, etc. in 2012:

Rain water Ground water Governorate Total Toal Cistern Pool Tanks Total Well Springs volume Jerusalem 1 0 5 6 120 0 0 6 Hebron 23 9 0 32 5,606 1 0 33 Bethlehem 1 1 0 2 250 0 3 5 Ramallah 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Jericho 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nablus 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Salfit 4 0 0 4 265 0 0 4 Qalqiliya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tubas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tulkarm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jenin 1 0 0 1 80 15 0 16 Total 30 10 5 45 6,321 17 4 66 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC.

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30. An Israeli dozer knocking down a cistern in Al Jawaya area near Hebron – November 6, 2012 Chapter 2: Israeli violations against natural resources 29

2.1.5 Demolition threats for cisterns, pools, and springs

Rainwater Groundwater Governorate Water Total volume Search Total Cisterns Pools Reservoirs Total Springs Wells tanker (m3) operations Jerusalem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hebron 29 5 0 0 34 6714 0 0 1 35 Bethlehem 4 0 0 0 4 180 0 0 0 4 Ramallah 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jericho 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nablus 0 0 4 1 5 493 0 0 1 6 Salfit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Qalqiliya 2 0 0 0 2 90 0 0 0 2 Tubas 0 0 0 22 22 2 0 0 24 Tulkarm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jenin 0 0 1 0 1 80 0 13 5 19 Total 35 5 5 23 68 7,558 2 13 7 90 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC.

31 31

31

31. On November 6, 2012, Alaa Zalloum was served a demolition order for a water pool which he used to irrigate 3 dunums of green houses; the pool was turned into rubble 3 days later. 30 Chapter 2: Israeli violations against natural resources

2.3 Pumping Sewage towards Palestinian towns and villages The Israeli Occupation is enemy number one to the Palestinian environment as its aggressions against the environment have increased to an unprecedented rate in 2012. The Israelis tend to damage the environment in order to drive the Palestinians out of their properties and force them to abandon their lands in order to create a demographic imbalance in targeted areas. LRC have been keeping a close eye on the attacks and recorded a number of Israeli measures that has been destroying the environment and biodiversity including uprooting, torching, and cutting of trees as well as colonial urban expansions. Coherently, the Israelis have been dumping their solid and liquid waste, coming from factories and domestic usage, in Palestinian agricultural lands, they even went further by recycling the waste in the West Bank and taking the products back to Israel while leaving the waste in the West Bank. This has caused drastic damage to agriculture and environment in addition to spreading a large number of diseases among the population and livestock. For years, sewage produced in the Israeli colonies have been disposed in Palestinian agricultural lands in order to cause as much damage as possible to these lands and rendering their product unsuitable for human or even animal consumption. The pollutants have also caused instability in the biodiversity in the targeted areas; according to a study made by Al Quds University (Abu Dis) in 2008, a large number of plants have disappeared while other toxic plants had spread. Also, there have been a number of reasons to believe that the numbers of insects and rattus have increased dramatically due to that. It is worthy to mention that the Israeli Occupation Authorities have been standing in the way of finding solutions to the problems and even if a solution is at hand they find excuses to delay implementation. The Israeli aggressive policies have been standing in the way of any Palestinian unilateral solution and standing in the way of the development of the drainage networks which are intended to reduce the damage of the sewage. Chapter 2: Israeli violations against natural resources 31

Localities affected by the Israeli sewage:

Damaged Colony/ military Location area Land Localities Remarks camp (dunum) Radar 1000 Olive fields Access subject to special permits Colonial neighborhoods in East Jerusalem Al Ubeidiyya including Tel Piot, N.A Barren lands A sewage stream with permanent flow Maale Hazetem and the Jewish neighborhood Jerusalem 1,000 Ezyon colonial Beit Ummar 70 Grape farms Sewage stream compound Grape farms Ezyon colonial Beit Ummar 30 and a 6-dunum Sewage stream compound hayfield Ezyon colonial Beit Ummar 10 Grape farm Sewage stream compound Ezyon colonial A 3-km-long sewage stream with Abu al Rish 30 compound permanent flow A military Karma encampment 1 10 olive trees Rabud A sewage stream with permanent flow nearUten'el colony Al Sheika, Adh Shim'a colony 1 Seasonal crops A sewage stream with permanent flow Dhariyya Hebron 142 Agricultural A 1-km-long sewage stream with Nahhalin Bitar Elit 400 fields permanent flow ending in Faris Spring Wad Sakran, A sewage stream with permanent flow Bitar Elit 400 Various Nahhalin ending in Faris spring Nahhalin Bitar Elit 200 Various Wadi Fukin Bitar Elit 100 Various Bethlehem 1,100 Abud Ufarim 120 800 olive trees Abud A sewage stream with permanent flow Bitin 45 A sewage stream A stream penetrating the western part Deir Jrer Ufra 75 Olive fields of the village 25 dunums of olive fields and A stream penetrating the eastern side of Ein Yabroud Ufra 100 the rest are the village barren lands Kohav Hashiar and A stream penetrating the eastern side of Mikhmas 90 Olive fields Migron the village Turmus'ayya Eli 40 Olive fields A sewage stream with permanent flow Sinjil Maale Levona 150 Olive fields Discrete pumping of sewage Shaqaba Nili 60 Barren lands A sewage stream Al Janya Talmun 60 Olive fields A sewage stream with permanent flow Ramallah 740 Continued... 32 Chapter 2: Israeli violations against natural resources

Damaged Colony/ military Location area Land Localities Remarks camp (dunum) Agricultural Deir al Hatab Al Jacob Alon Moreh 120 A sewage stream lands and Deir Salem Agricultural Al Lubban Eli 50 Al Lubban A sewage stream lands Agricultural Qusin Shavi Shamron 36 Qusin A sewage stream lands Nablus 206 Bruqin/ Salfit Ariel 130 Olive fields Wadi al Matwi A sewage stream with permanent flow Marda Ariel 46 Olive fields Marda A sewage stream with permanent flow Bruqin Barkan 200 Olive fields A sewage stream with permanent flow Kafr ad Dik Ariel 180 Olive fields Kafr ad Dik A sewage stream with permanent flow Sarta Maale Israel 12 Barren lands Sarta A sewage stream Kafr ad Dik Eli Zahav 18 Olive fields Abu Saman A sewage stream Kafr ad Dik Bedouil 13 Olive fields A sewage stream Salfit 599 Agricultural Wadi Qana Revava 40 Deir Istiya A sewage stream with permanent flow lands Wadi Qana Yakir 13 Olive fields Deir Istiya A sewage stream Wadi Qana Emmanuel 45 Olive fields A sewage stream Jinsafut Emmanuel 3 Olive fields A sewage stream Al Karnin Emmanuel 3 Olive fields Jinsafut A sewage stream 17 dunums olive Atma Shiar Bitikva 55 fields, the rest A sewage stream and Beit Amin are greenhouses Mas-ha and Beit Al Dweir Ezvrayim 29 Olive fields A sewage stream Amin Al Qa'dat Gilad Zohar 10 Olive fields Fer'atta A sewage stream Qalqiliya 198

Total 3,985 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC. Chapter 2: Israeli violations against natural resources 33

32

33

32. Colonists pumped sewage towards olive fields in Jinsafut – November 9, 2012 33. Sewage damaging agriculture and livestock

Chapter 3

Colonists’ Attacks on Palestinians and their Properties

Chapter 3: Colonists’ Attacks on Palestinians and their Properties 37

3.1 Colonists attacks Colonists attacks against Palestinians and their properties have increased in 2012 with the emergence of a radical colonists group which names itself “Payback”. The group have been responsible for numerous attacks all around the West bank. The attacks took place under the protection and blessing of the Israeli Occupation Army. LRC recorded 628 attacks during 2012, these attacks included: ““ Torching, raiding, damaging, or capturing 117 residences. ““ Torching, breaking, uprooting, or ravaging over 62,117 trees. ““ 320 farmers were expelled of their fields. ““ 165 Palestinian vehicles were damaged. ““ 110 ruminants were killed and 30 others were stolen. ““ Damaging 17 mosque, 5 shrines, 3 cemeteries, and 11 church and monastery. ““ Capturing or ravaging 14 springs. ““ Attacks on 7 educational institutes.

3.2 Types of colonists attacks Number of colonists attacks by type and location:

Religious Water Educational Governorate Residences Lands Individuals Vehicles Total sites sources institutes Jerusalem 10 7 26 8 54 3 0 108 Hebron 14 58 57 16 15 2 4 166 Bethlehem 3 22 9 4 4 1 0 43 Ramallah 4 33 11 24 1 0 0 73 Jericho 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nablus 12 69 38 14 15 0 2 150 Salfit 1 20 0 1 5 0 0 27 Qalqiliya 1 18 3 3 0 0 1 26 Tubas 3 9 9 0 0 0 0 21 Tulkarm 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 Jenin 2 0 7 2 0 1 0 12 Total 50 237 161 72 94 7 7 628 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC. 38 Chapter 3: Colonists’ Attacks on Palestinians and their Properties

3.2.1 Attacks on Palestinian individuals Attacks on Palestinian Running Governorate Beating Kidnapping Shooting at Total over individuals by type of Jerusalem 38 1 2 1 42 attack and location: Hebron 144 1 14 15 174 Bethlehem 27 0 0 2 29 Ramallah 24 0 1 1 26 Jericho 0 0 0 0 0 Nablus 111 7 4 16 138 Salfit 0 0 0 0 0 Qalqiliya 16 2 0 0 18 Tubas 19 2 0 0 21 Tulkarm 4 0 0 0 4 Jenin 41 0 0 0 41 Total 424 13 21 35 493 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC.

3.2.2 Attacks on Palestinian shepherds and farmers Number of attacks on Palestinian shepherds and farmers by location:

Governorate Removal Various 34

Jerusalem 0 0 Hebron 86 52 Bethlehem 11 11 Ramallah 35 6 Jericho 0 0 Nablus 80 58 Salfit 47 0 Qalqiliya 25 16 Tubas 6 5 Tulkarm 0 0 Jenin 30 12 Total 320 160

Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC. 34. Ismael al Udra receiving treatment after being attacked by colonists of Avigail on August 27, 2012.

I was shepherding with my son in Beir al Ad area, at around 5:00 pm, I saw a colonists car

“ heading towards Avigail colony; two people stepped of that car and got into another car which headed towards us. “ When they got near, two masked colonists stepped of the car with bats in their hands; one of them hit me on the head while the other hit me on the belly, one of them even tried to stab me”.

A statement made by Ismael al Udrawhile receiving treatment in the hospital after the attack. Chapter 3: Colonists’ Attacks on Palestinians and their Properties 39

3.2.3 Attacks on Palestinian vehicles

Puncturing tires, damaging, Attacks on Palestinian vehicles by Governorate Blazing Total and writing racist slogans type and location: Jerusalem 0 47 47 Hebron 9 21 30 Bethlehem 1 3 4 Ramallah 2 39 41 Jericho 0 0 0 Nablus 9 23 32 Salfit 3 0 3 Qalqiliya 1 2 3 Tubas 0 0 0 Tulkarm 0 0 0 Jenin 0 5 5 Total 25 140 165 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC.

36

35

35. Mohammad Mahareeq, 14, receiving treatment after being hit by a colonist’s car near As Samu’ in Hebron on July 9, 2012 36. A member of the Gayatha family which survived a deadly attack on August 16, 2012; a colonists threw a Molotov cocktail inside the car they were riding 40 Chapter 3: Colonists’ Attacks on Palestinians and their Properties

37

38

37. Abdul Kareem abu Ali receiving treatment after an attack by colonists of Migron on September 25, 2012 38. A Palestinian car set alight on December 12, 2012 Chapter 4

Siege and Blockade

Chapter 4: Siege and Blockade 43

Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: “Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person”. Article 5: “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment”. Article 9: “No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile”. Article 13: ““ Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. ““ Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. Article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: “ No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation. “ Article 9: ““ Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention. No one shall be deprived of his liberty except on such grounds and in accordance with such procedure as are established by law. ““ Anyone who is arrested shall be informed, at the time of arrest, of the reasons for his arrest and shall be promptly informed of any charges against him. ““ Anyone arrested or detained on a criminal charge shall be brought promptly before a judge or other officer authorized by law to exercise judicial power and shall be entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release. It shall not be the general rule that persons awaiting trial shall be detained in custody, but release may be subject to guarantees to appear for trial, at any other stage of the judicial proceedings, and, should occasion arise, for execution of the judgment. ““ Anyone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to take proceedings before a court, in order that that court may decide without delay on the lawfulness of his detention and order his release if the detention is not lawful. ““ Anyone who has been the victim of unlawful arrest or detention shall have an enforceable right to compensation.

Collective punishment has been one of the sides of the Israeli Occupation over the years; the Israelis have set over 194 checkpoints, blocked 46 main road, and destroyed 4 others. On the other hand, in 2012 only, they opened 14 bypasses which penetrate Palestinian towns and villages to connect Israeli colonies in the West Bank. There are different types of road blocks but all of them serve a sole purpose which is restricting Palestinians movement and harassing them. Types of checkpoints ““ Borders, crossovers, and checkpoints which separate the West Bank from Jerusalem and the rest of Occupied Palestine. ““ Road blocks: iron gates and cement blocks which are placed at the entrances of Palestinian towns and villages. ““ Earth mounds: used to block agricultural and side roads using earth taken from nearby plots. ““ Iron gates: there are two types Setting Setting a Restrictions of iron gates : Governorate a flying permanent on Arrests Abuses ÌÌ At the entrances of towns checkpoint checkpoint checkpoints and villages. Jerusalem 72 4 26 14 32 ÌÌ Placed on the segregation Hebron 89 20 113 64 13 wall; Palestinian farmers Bethlehem 10 4 5 8 10 have to pass through these Ramallah 49 1 27 22 0 gates in order to gain ac- Jericho 6 0 2 10 0 cess to their agricultural Nablus 52 1 46 49 8 lands. Salfit 20 5 3 0 1 ““ Flying Checkpoints: random Qalqiliya 54 6 13 24 0 checkpoints placed by Israeli Tubas 5 4 12 7 1 Tulkarm patrols or colonial groups. 26 0 16 8 2 Jenin 110 1 21 31 7 Total 493 46 284 237 74 4.1 Further movement restrictions Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC. 44 Chapter 4: Siege and Blockade

Further restrictions on checkpoints and flying checkpoints: 4.2 Checkpoints added in 2012 Checkpoints added within the West Bank in 2012 excluding checkpoints in Jerusalem, H2, and the Nearby colonies crossoversLocation leadingClosure to datelands occupiedBarrier in 1948 Connecting Remarks / watch towers Jerusalem (4) Main road Al Jahaleen The Israelis are trying to force the locals leading to Al commu- Maale Adum- to use a rough alternative road; this will Jahaleen Com- 10/1/2012 Cement blocks nity with Al mim render ambulances unable to reach the munity near Izariyya and community Al Izariyya Jerusalem Eastern en- Beit Iksa trance of Beit 10/3/2012 Iron gate Ramut Massive gate neighborhoods Iksa Prohibiting the The Israeli Occupation Authorities Agricultural rehabilitation deemed the road unlicensed and banned Beit Surik 6/5/2012 fields in Beit of an agricul- rehabilitation, confiscating a roller in the Surik tural road process Complete closure of the construction of Fence, earth Isolating Ras Ras Khamis 19/9/2012 the segregation wall, Ras Khamis neigh- mound Khamis borhood has become completely isolated Hebron (20) Leveling the village entrance and plac- Mnezel and Mnezel en- ing earth mounds on the entrance. This 4/1/2012 Earth mounds agricultural trance forced the locals to use an alternative fields road. Al Qazazin Al Qazazin neighbor- Massive ce- neighborhood hood in the 15/1/2012 Surrounding a school with cement walls ment walls in Martyrs of road Hebron Gwain – As Earth mounds Gwain with Closure of the only entrance to the vil- 20/1/2012 Samu' and rocks bypass 317 lage Tal rmida and Ramat Yishai, Tal Rmeida 25/1/2012 Cement blocks Krantina main Obstructing Abu Haika family a watchtower road Tal rmida and Ramat Yishai, Tal Rmeida 25/1/2012 Earth mound Krantina main 50 meters away from checkpoint '4' a watchtower road Al Baraka Al Baraka – Earth mounds 3/2/2012 Maon with bypass Yatta and rocks '60' Wadi Jheish Wadi Jheish – 5/2/2012 Earth mound Beit Yatir with bypass More strict measures Yatta '60' The villages Enlarging the to the west Enlarging the checkpoint by placing new Beit Awwa 1/5/2012 Watchtower checkpoint of Dura with caravans Dura town Agricultural Earth mounds Blocked after the demolition of a cistern Wadi Hora 6/5/2012 Bani Hefer lands with and rocks in the area bypass '60' A watch tower Beit Ummar A side road leading to a residential neigh- Beit Ummar 20/5/2012 rocks at Beit Ummar and bypass '60' borhood entrance Continued... Chapter 4: Siege and Blockade 45

Nearby colonies Location Closure date Barrier Connecting Remarks / watch towers Cement blocks Only entrance to Beit Khiran which is Halhul 20/5/2012 and earth Beit Khiran Bypass '60' inhabited by 200 people mound Surif and Beit A side road leading to a number of resi- Beit Ummar Cement blocks 20/05/2012 Watchtower Ummar with dential neighborhoods in Surif and Beit entrance and rocks bypass '60' Ummar Ad Deirat Um Lasfa – Destroying a 24/07/2012 village in Um A 1-km-long side road was destroyed Yatta road Lasfa Shib al Butum Earth mounds and the villag- Wadi Main 01/08/2012 Avigail Destroying the road and rocks es of eastern Yatta At Tawani Placing cement blocks, the words "no At Tawani 10/08/2012 Cement blocks Maon village with trespassing, shooting area" were written Msafer in Yatta on the blocks Agricultural Qawawis and Earth mounds 01/10/2012 Avigail lands with Two side roads edging bypass '317' Shib al Butum and rocks bypass '317' Al Jab'a and Surif 11/2012 Iron gate Placing an iron gate Surif Yatta and As Yatta 11/2012 Watchtower Placing a watchtower Samu' Susiya and A sign was put beside the blocks saying Susiya 27/12/2012 Cement blocks Susiya yatta "no entry or exit" Bethlehem (4) Ad Deir and Tqu' 12/01/2012 Earth mound Tqu' The only way in or out of the village Tqu' Agricultural Km 17 near 08/05/2012 Earth mound Neve Daniel fields with Agricultural road Husan bypass '60' Agricultural fields in Ein Ein Qissis 08/05/2012 Earth mound Neve Daniel Agricultural road Qissis with bypass '60' Cement blocks Dahr al Riyah Dhar al Riyah 08/05/2012 and earth Neve Daniel with bypass Agricultural road road mound '60' Ramallah (1) Bitin with Ra- Bitin 1/3/2012 Checkpoint Beit El Enlarging the checkpoint mallah Nablus (1) The main en- Destroying a Destroying a paved 2-km-long road due to Aqrabaniyya 29/6/2012 trance of the road Israeli military training village Salfit (5) Kafr ad Dik entrance with Kafr ad Dik 25/1/2012 Cement blocks Bedouil the bypass leading to Bedouil colony Wad abu Agricultural Nasser road, 1/8/2012 Earth mound Yakir fields with Deir Istiya bypass '5506' Continued... 46 Chapter 4: Siege and Blockade

Nearby colonies Location Closure date Barrier Connecting Remarks / watch towers Qitan al Jami' Agricultural road, Deir 12012/8/ Earth mound Yakir fields with Istiya bypass '5506' Agricultural Sida road 012012/08/ Earth mound Yakir fields with bypass '5506' The villages Villages of of west Salfit Replacing the iron gate with cement 112012/ Cement blocks Kiryat Netafim west Salfit with bypass blocks '55' Qalqiliyya (6) Hijja southern Hijja 042012/07/ Rocks Kadummim road with Blockage of a new road bypass '55' Southern part Elkana and Replacing the gate with permanent Azzun Atma 072012/ Checkpoint of Azzun with checkpoint bypass '505' Blocking a Agricultural A military order prohibiting the Jinsafut 152012/10/ road road rehabilitation of the road was issued Villages Blocking the souther entrance of Yabad Yabad 262012/11/ Earth mound around Yabad with earth mounds with TulKarm محافظة طوباس )4( حواجز The only road connecting A road Yirza with connecting Destroying a Tubas; the Bulldozing over 7 km long section of the 032012/05/ Yirza and road only way road Tubas leading to the eastern slopes area The whole road (1400 meters long) was Al Salam road Destroying a The eastern destroyed and huge rocks were put in its 182012/04/ – Al Aqaba road entrance route; the road was opened once more but again the Israelis demolished it The whole road (1000 meters long) was Al Muhajereen Destroying a destroyed and huge rocks were put in its road – Al 182012/04/ road route; the road was opened once more but Aqaba again the Israelis demolished it Prohibiting the rehabilitation of the Prohibiting the road on the pretext of working in area Ibzeq 082012/04/ rehabilitation classified 'C' before acquiring needed of a road permits Jenin (1) Imreha 112012/ Earth mound Mevto Dotan blocked

Total added checkpoints - 2012 (46)

Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC. Please follow the link for detailed information on checkpoints in and around the West Bank: http://www.lrcj.org/userfiles/file/Checkpoints_2012.pdf Chapter 4: Siege and Blockade 47

rch Cen sea te Israeli Checkpoints in the West Bank - 2012 e r R - L d R n

a C

L

G

t I LRC i S n U & Feb. 2013 g M a i n p p Jenin

ز أبـحاث كــ األر ر ا ــ ضـ م ـ ي Tulkarm Tubas ة

ي ق ف ا س ر ـ LRC غ جل م ا ا خلر ت ائ وما ط ونظم املعل

Qalqiliya Nablus

Salfit

Jericho

Ramallah

Jerusalem

Legend Israeli Checkpoints

Earthmound Bethlehem Gate Watchtower Permanente Road Block

Wall Gate Hebron Annex. & Exp. Wall Roads Network Pal. Builtup Area Israeli Colonies

West Bank 20 10 0 20 · Km 1:500,000 48 Chapter 4: Siege and Blockade

Qalandya Checkpoint… continuous misery… outrageous humiliation Unbearable traffic jam, students, teachers, women carrying their children all on the wait, all queuing to pass through Qalandya checkpoint which leads to Jerusalem; the checkpoint was placed in 2001 to be “a humiliation station” for Palestinians. Palestinians, young and old, women and men alike queue in the narrow paths, exhaustion and boredom obvious on their faces; these paths lead to gates controlled by Israeli soldiers who open and close them when they want. Passing through the checkpoint might take hours and some unfortunate and some people are usually late for their work, school, etc. The daily humiliation is justified by “security reasons” but it is clear to the whole world that security is irrelevant but discrimination and collective punishment is the real purpose. Qalandya is one of many checkpoints spreading all around the West Bank.

39

39. Traffic jam at Qalandya checkpoint 49 Chapter 4: Siege and Blockade

40

41

42

40. An iron gate placed on the eastern entrance of Beit Iksa, Jerusalem on March 10, 2012 41. Blocking an agricultural road in Main, Yatta on August 1, 2012 42. Blocking an unpaved road in Tal Rmeida in the heart of Hebron on January 25, 2012 50 Chapter 4: Siege and Blockade

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46

43. Qitan al jami’ road located in the western part of Deir Istiya and serving over 240 dunums of olive fields – the road was blocked on August 1, 2012 44. The remains of al Salam Road in Al Aqaba, Tubas, bulldozed on April 18, 2012 45. Azzun Atma military checkpoint - permanent 46. Beit Ur al Fuqa checkpoint, Ramallah - permanent Chapter 5

Israeli violations against religious sites

Chapter 5: Israeli violations against religious sites 53

5.1 Israeli violations against religious sites And who is more unjust than he who prevents (men) from the masjids of Allah, that His name should be remembered in them, and strives to ruin them? (As for) these, it was not proper for them that they should have entered them except in fear; they shall meet with disgrace in this world, and they shall have great chastisement in the hereafter” 3

Attacks against mosques and other religious sites is not only a crime against “God” but also a breach of all the international laws and conventions which demanded the protection of such sites and the safety of its attendants. People are being oppressed while worshiping regardless of what beliefs they have and what religious group or sect they belong to. This is what is being done by the Israelis on these “Holy Lands”… The Israelis have violated all of the Palestinian rights including the right to religious freedom and freedom to worship; throughout the occupation of Palestine, the Israelis violated this right using the ugliest and most brutal of ways. Attacks are being planned and carried out either by the Israeli Army or colonists; such attacks were not limited to mosques and churches but they extended to hit cemeteries, shrines, tombs, etc. In the Nakba in 1948, the Israeli Occupation Army destroyed whole Palestinian villages with its residences, mosques, churches, etc and the same thing happened during the Israeli conquest of the West bank and Gaza in 1967. In 1967, the Israeli Occupation Army and colonists destroyed Al Sharaf neighborhood in Jerusalem; they also took over the Moroccan neighborhood and Al Buraq wall which was named “the Western Wall” in a first attempt to forge history and change facts. It became clear in following years that defilements and attacks against religious sites have been a policy of the Israelis who showed no respect or regard whatsoever to these sites. In recent years, an Israeli colonists group with the name “payback” or “price tag” have emerged; this group has been responsible for numerous attacks against Palestinian properties and against religious sites. The group, fully protected by the Israeli Occupation Army, desecrated a number of mosques and even performed some of the Jewish rituals in them. They also set some mosques alight, wrote offensive and racist slogans on its walls and doors and destroyed some of its contents. The most targeted sites are Al Aqsa Mosque, the Ibrahimi Mosque, Bilal ibn Rabah Mosque, and the Church of Holy Sepulcher. Since the Israeli Occupation of the West Bank, Israeli official and non-official groups attacked 86 mosques including 18 attacks that took place in 2012 in addition to attacks against 24 church and monastery including 11 in 2012.

3 Sura 2 verse 114 of the glorious Koran 54 Chapter 5: Israeli violations against religious sites

5.1.1 Most targeted sites The Israeli policy towards Al Aqsa is the same; permitting colonial groups and herds to break into it and defile it and sometimes have celebrations within its walls. In May, 2012, and while commemorating “Jerusalem day”, the day the Israeli Occupied Jerusalem, the Israeli PM stated that Jerusalem will never be divided and that Israel is like a body and Jerusalem its heart.

He stated: “giving up on the Har Habayt [Al Aqsa Mosque] is not going to bring peace but cause more religious conflicts; stability comes with the Israeli full control vero the area. Peace requires a strong nation and Israel will be a weak heartless body without Jerusalem”.

““ A plan to divide the Mosque Ze’ev Elkin, a member of the Israeli Knesset said in August, 2012 that he will allocate days for Jewish visitors to enter the mosque and other days for the Arabs. Arie Eldad, former member of the Knesset, agreed with Elkin and suggested a bill to allocate certain days for Jewish visitors where Arabs are not allowed into the mosque; the same system adopted for the Ibrahimi Mosque. In July, 2012, the Israeli radio qouted Yehuda Weinstein, the Attorney General in the Israeli Government saying that Jerusalem is part of Israel and that all the Israeli laws, especially antiques and construction, apply to it. LRC recorded 88 attacks against Al Aqsa in 2012, these included: ““ 36 break-ins and performing Jewish rituals in the Mosque courtyard. ““ 5 cases of organizing dancing circles within the mosque walls. ““ 18 digging and milling operations, most significantly the opening of a new door in the Old City walls; the door, located somewhere between Damascus Gate and Herod’s Gate, leads to Suleiman the Magnificent Cave in addition to excavations in the Umayyad Palaces area. ““ Blocking the entrances of the Old city 40 times this year to allow colonists to roam the Old City freely. ““ 26 attacks against the guards of the mosque or cases of banning people from entering the mosque including Ikrima Sabri, Head of the Higher Islamic Council in Jerusalem.

Mr. Sabri stated: “this ban is arbitrary and illegal, it is a violation to the right to freedom of religious practice and an interference in Muslims affairs. The Israeli military power will never give them any right in the mosque” Chapter 5: Israeli violations against religious sites 55

Israel continue the Judization of Jerusalem by forging history and slowly wiping off Islamic histori- cal structures; in addition, the Israelis have been replacing the Arabic names of roads and neighbor- hoods in Jerusalem with Hebrew names. the Israelis never hid their intention to change the facts in the City; in 1948, Ben Gurion, the first Israeli PM, who called for erasing all the Arab and Islamic traces and denying their connection to the lands

Despite Exemptions Since the Ottomans Era The Israeli Water Company demands that the Church of Holy Sepulcher pay its debts!

One of the most important churches in the Occupied City of Jerusalem, the Church of Holy Sepulcher is being forced to pay its water consumption bills despite being exempted by Ottomans in an order that all the previous regimes respected. As a result, the Israeli Government decided to impound the funds of the Church. It started in 2004, when the Israeli Government decided to privatize the water and sewage service in Jerusalem and granted “Gigon” company the right to do so. One of the first things the company did was demanding from the Church to pay its water bills; something that left the officials in the Church in a complete shock since they have been exempted over a century ago. The Water Company is demanding a total of 9 million ILS from the Church. The Archbishop considered this as a disrespectful act and an attack on the church; he called that the service be cut and called all the people coming to the church to bring water to the church whenever they visit. 56 Chapter 5: Israeli violations against religious sites

The Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron… a target for Israeli greed

The Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron has been set as a target for Israeli attacks for a long time; extreme restrictions on access to the mosque which includes passing through gates and detailed, thorough, and humiliating search of people going in. Israeli measures towards the Mosque also included the banning of the Azan on the Jewish holidays whereas Israeli colonists are allowed to access it and roam it freely. Month Occurrences

Not a Palestinian will ever forget the Massacre committed by Baruch January 48 Goldstein on February 25, 1994, when he opened fire at Muslims praying February 50 at the mosque, killing tens of them and injuring many others. March 53 An incident that also resulted in the closure of many roads within the old April 63 city; Al Shuhada’ road has been closed since. May 52 June 55 The Israelis banned the Azan 650 times in 2012 in addition to banning July 50 Muslims from entering the Mosque on September 26, 2012 for the August 46 “protection of colonists” celebrating “Yum Kippur”. September 74 It is worthy to mention that the “Shamgar Commission” which was October 59 formed to enquire the massacre decided to ban the Muslim community November 48 from entering the Mosque for ten days during the year. December 52 Total 650 The table show the times of banning the Azan in 2012: Source: Islamic Waqf - Hebron Chapter 5: Israeli violations against religious sites 57

5.1.2 Israeli attacks on religious sites (1967-2012) 109 mosque, church, and other religious shrines were attacked since the Israeli Occupation of the West Bank in 1967. Governorate Attacks Number of attacks on religious sites 1967-2012: Jerusalem 23 Hebron 25 Bethlehem 9 Ramallah 5 Jericho 1 Nablus 12 Salfit 6 Qalqiliya 0 Tubas 1 Tulkarm 0 Jenin 4 Total 86 Source: LRC archives

5.1.3 Attacks on religious sites in 2012

Aggression Perpetrators Closure and Defilement, The Israeli Governorate Mosques Demolition Demolition banning the Burning writing offensive Others Occupation Colonists orders Azan slogans Army Jerusalem 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 Hebron 9 1 1 3 0 2 2 7 2 Bethlehem 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Ramallah 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Jericho 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nablus 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 Salfit 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Qalqiliya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tubas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tulkarm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jenin 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 Total 18 1 1 4 3 6 3 10 8 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC.

Targeted mosques since 1967:

Jerusalem Al Aqsa Mosque, Jaba Mosque The Ibrahimi Mosque, Abu Ubeida (Wadi al Samen), AL Mfagara (Yatta) demolished twice, An Nabi Younis (Hal- Hebron hul), Salamn al Farsi (Abda) Beit Ummar Mosque (Beit Ummar), Abu al Rish (Hebron city) Bethlehem Bilal Ibn Rabah Mosque (Bethlehem City) Ramallah Tamim Ibn Aws (An Nabi Saleh) Nablus Salman al Farsi (Burin), Al Ribat (Urif) Salfit Ali Ibn Abi Taleb (Deir Istiya) Jenin Omar al Sadeq (Arraba), Fahma Mosque (Fahma) 58 Chapter 5: Israeli violations against religious sites

Attacks on churches – 2012:

Aggression Perpetrators The Israeli Governorate Churches Demolition Defilement, writing Burning Theft Others Occupation Colonists orders offensive slogans Army Jerusalem 1 3 13 2 2 9 11 Bethlehem 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 Ramallah 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Jericho 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Total 24 1 3 14 4 2 12 12 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC.

Attacked churches or monasteries since 1967:

Saint John Old Church, the Church of Holy Sepulchre, All Nations Church, Roman Orthodox Monastery, Virgin Jerusalem Mary Church, Catholic Armenians Church, the path of Pain in the Old City, Al Wad neighborhood, the Angelic Church, Prophets’ road in the Old City, Cross Valley Monastry, Franciscan Monastery

Bethlehem Mar Elias Church, the Nativity Church

Ramallah Imuas Church

Jericho Na’ran Old Church

““ Article 27 the Geneva Fourth Convention stating: “ Protected persons are entitled, in all circumstances, to respect for their persons, their honor, their family rights, their religious convictions and practices, and their manners and customs. They shall at all times be humanely treated, and shall be protected especially against all acts of violence or threats thereof and against insults and public curiosity. ““ Women shall be especially protected against any attack on their honor, in particular against rape, enforced prostitution, or any form of indecent assault. ““ Without prejudice to the provisions relating to their state of health, age and sex, all protected persons shall be treated with the same consideration by the Party to the conflict in whose power they are, without any adverse distinction based, in particular, on race, religion or political opinion. ““ However, the Parties to the conflict may take such measures of control and security in regard to protected persons as may be necessary as a result of the war.” ““ Article 56 of the Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, 18 October 1907 stating: “The property of municipalities, that of institutions dedicated to religion, charity and education, the arts and sciences, even when State property, shall be treated as private property. ““ All seizure of, destruction or willful damage done to institutions of this character, historic monuments, works of art and science, is forbidden, and should be made the subject of legal proceedings. Chapter 5: Israeli violations against religious sites 59

Attacks on Mosques and Churches:

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47. Order 145011 issued for al Mfagara Mosque on November 30, 2012 48. Al Mfagara mosque being constructed for the second time 49. The remains of the mosque – December 4, 2012 50. Order 301554 issued for Janba mosque – February 23, 2012 51. The only mosque in Janba – threatened with demolition 60 Chapter 5: Israeli violations against religious sites

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52. Jaba’ Mosque defiled and burned by colonists of Mikhmas – June 19, 2012 53. Colonists set Latrun Monastery alight before writing racist slogans on its walls – the Occupied city of Jerusalem on September 4, 2012 Chapter 6

Colonial Expansion and the Segregation Wall

Chapter 6: Colonial Expansion and the Segregation Wall 63

1.6 Colonization in the West Bank and Jerusalem in numbers

Israel claims that all the colonies in the West Bank are built over “state properties”; a lie that even the Israelis themselves believe now. Israel is still announcing projects to construct thousands of colonial units here and there to populate the thousands of immigrants coming from all around the world in the West Bank. Nowadays, 423 Israeli colonies spread around the West Bank including 220 colonial outposts. 112 outposts lay within the borders of colonies and the rest are scattered over Palestinian lands. These colonies in the West Bank are inhabited by over 520,000 colonists 4 in addition to an estimated 250,000 colonists residing in East Jerusalem. 18,360.8 dunums of Palestinian lands were confiscated for constructing these colonies while 43,785.2 dunums were captured for the purpose of establishing a road network connecting all these colonies and connecting them to “Israel”. On the other hand, 48,553.8 dunums were captured to place 194 Israeli Army bases in the West Bank. The Israeli colonies locations have been carefully chosen to disconnect the Palestinian communities and further restrict their movement. In addition, the colonies existence in between these communities hinders their development and ability to expand, especially in areas classified ‘C’ according to Oslo Accords. These colonies do not only take over lands but also all the natural resources in the surrounding areas. Consequently, the Israeli Occupation Authorities imposed further restriction on Palestinians residing near these colonies by destroying their cisterns, residences, shops, etc. Hundreds of residences as well as services (water and sewage pipes, electricity networks, etc.) were destroyed throughout years of Occupation; even reclamation of agricultural lands became prohibited. At the same time, the Israeli Government has been facilitating the Jewish immigration to the Israeli colonies, scattered all around the West Bank by providing them with cheap housing options, tax exemptions, reduced prices of services, etc. Soon after the Palestinian state bid, the Israeli PM announced the construction of 227 colonial units in Afrat Colony. On the other hand, the Israeli Government spends an average of 1700 ILS (458 $) on welfare subsidiaries per person living inside “Israel” while it pays 2230 ILS per person living in the colonies of the West Bank, a 32 % increase

4 Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics - 2011 64 Chapter 6: Colonial Expansion and the Segregation Wall

Colonies in the West Bank by the end Number of Number of Area of 2012: Governorate Colonists colonies outposts (dunum) Hebron 30 44 14,423 13,908.5 Bethlehem 20 14 66,385 17,370 Jerusalem 34 18 188,520 38,558.2 Ramallah 30 53 64,086 32,462.6 Jericho 22 9 4,873 23,678.8 Nablus 13 44 7,998 16,319.4 Salfit 20 17 25,393 17,860.4 Qalqiliya 13 8 27,410 11,799.5 Tubas 8 3 1,228 7,590 Tulkarm 5 4 2,107 3,958.3 Jenin 8 6 1,933 3,854.6 Total 203 220 404,356** 187,360.3 Source: GIS Department, Land Research Center – LRC ** Estimated numbers 2011, OCHA estimates for 2012 around 520,000 6.2 Expansions in colonies – 2012 Reported expansions in Israeli colonies in the West Bank – 2012:

Laying Number of Added or to be Other Opening Governorate foundation on the watchtowers expanded colonies added units structures roads surroundings Hebron 15 800 0 0 0 1 Bethlehem 13 60 3 10 0 4 Jerusalem 17 786 3 10 0 3 Ramallah 34 329 2 1 11 0 Jericho 14 167 4 2 10 2 Nablus 33 263 19 8 17 0 Salfit 15 326 16 7 11 4 Qalqiliya 21 238 11 3 8 0 Tubas 10 34 0 7 4 0 Tulkarm 3 28 0 1 1 0 Jenin 7 62 4 3 6 0 Total 182 3,093 62 52 68 14 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC. Please follow the link for detailed information on colonies and outposts in the West Bank http://www.lrcj.org/userfiles/file/Col_Outpost_Plans_2012.pdf

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54. Elkana B expanding in Salfit - 2011 Chapter 6: Colonial Expansion and the Segregation Wall 65

6.3 Israeli colonies subject to expansion bids – 2011 Number of Other Governorate colonial units structures approved bids for colonies expansions according to Governorate Jerusalem 16,008 9 – 2012: Hebron 35 6 Bethlehem 3,338 5 Ramallah 450 2 Nablus 875 2 Salfit 72 1 Total 20,778 25 Source: various (the Israeli Government, the Israeli Ministry of Housing, Peace Now, the Israeli dailies Haaretz, Yediot Ahronot, Legalizing Israeli colonies www.walla.co.il) While the Israeli Occupation Authorities are demolishing Palestinian structures all around the West Bank, the Commander of the Israeli Occupation Army Nizan Alon, approved a plan to legalize two colonies in the West Bank. On its website, the Regional Colonial Council announced that Yish Din 55 Organization pleaded to the Supreme Court to denounce the legalization of Rehalim colony because it is built over Palestinian private property but the plea was overruled. Gershon Mesika, mayor of Shamron Regional council, said that the legalization is a victory of reason over the left wing which fights Zionism and that it is a victory for Israel. Netenyahu approves the construction of hundreds of colonial units to serve as alternative housing for colonists who are to be evicted from an “illegal” colony: In June, 2012, the Israeli PM announced a plan to construct 851 colonial units to serve as alternative houses for colonists 56 who will be evicted from 5 houses which form Ulbana outpost near Beit El Colony. He said that the families will remain in Beit El and 300 more families will join them soon.

55. Elkana B ready to receive colonists - 2012 56. Expansions in Susiya - Hebron 66 Chapter 6: Colonial Expansion and the Segregation Wall

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57. Israeli dozers leveling Palestinian lands to the south of Karmael colony 58. Expansions in Gilo colony near Beit Jala - Bethlehem 59. Placing mobile homes on Um Tuba playground – the Occupied city of Jerusalem Chapter 6: Colonial Expansion and the Segregation Wall 67

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60. A military order for the opening of a colonial road to the east of Hebron 61. The road route according to the order 68 Chapter 6: Colonial Expansion and the Segregation Wall

6.4 The Israeli Annexation and Expansion Wall (segregation wall) On June 23, 2002, the Israeli Government approved the construction of a wall over the northern, western, and southern borders of the West Bank to separate between the West Bank and “Israel”. The Israelis claimed that the wall is necessary for security reasons, a claim that is used for every Israeli war, house demolitions, prohibitions, and any other sort of violation. In truth, the wall was just another mean to annex and capture as much Palestinian land as possible as well as deporting as many Palestinians as possible. According to International law, the legality of the wall might have been discussed if it was build over the armistice line drawn after the Israeli conquest of Palestine in 1948 to separate between Israel and the rest of the West Bank and Gaza. However, the snake-shaped wall penetrated the West Bank to amend as much lands as possible to the borderless “State of Israel”. The wall in numbers: ““ The wall route is 770,224 meters long. ““ 455,264 meters of the wall were completed. ““ 45,331 meters of under construction sections. ““ 253,947 meters of planned sections ““ 9,469 meters added to the original plan ““ 77,022 dunums of Palestinian lands confiscated for construction ““ 94 Palestinian communities were isolated from its surroundings (48 fully isolated). ““ 74 Israeli colonies were annexed to the “Israeli State”.

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62. Ongoing construction in Anata. Chapter 6: Colonial Expansion and the Segregation Wall 69

The Catastrophic Wall The segregation wall might have a lot of names and descriptions, regardless it has catastrophic effects on the Palestinians, their politics, economy, social life, and culture. The wall has given the Israelis the power to fully control the Palestinian movements and detach them from their Palestinian surroundings. The wall penetrates the Palestinian lands, passing through residential areas and agricultural lands too; the wall route also traps tens of Palestinian communities and large areas of agricultural lands between the wall and the armistice line in what is called seam zones.

A Palestinian farmer remarked by saying: “since I was a child, I have been farming this land, with my dad and grandfather in the past and my children nowadays; now, my access to the land has been subjected to Israeli permits after the construction of the wall. Is there any other part of this world where a farmer needs a permit to access his land? Where the number of people allowed in is limited? Where access is limited to certain times and dates? Isn’t that distraught?” The Israelis placed a number of gates on the wall and they now control Palestinian access to the seam zones while setting times and dates when access is allowed but subject to being granted permits issued specifically for that.

The effects of the wall ““ Limiting urban expansion. ““ Destroying agricultural lands, uprooting thousands of trees, destroying hundreds of green- houses and shacks. ““ Isolating huge areas behind the wall and preventing farmers from accessing them, harvest- ing or use them for any other purpose. ““ Destroying water cisterns and limiting access to water sources. ““ Limiting shepherds movement and restricting their access to rangelands. ““ Restricting the movement of Palestinian laborers whether to towns and villages close to the wall or their work places to the west of the wall. ““ Damaging the social bonds between the people due to movement restrictions. ““ Destroyed a number of marriages and the prospect of marriage between people living on both sides of the wall. ““ Increased movement costs and distances covered. ““ Decreased commercial exchange among Palestinian cities. ““ Psychological effects as the Palestinians feel they are living in a big prison; those who have bonds with their agricultural lands received most of the damage. 70 Chapter 6: Colonial Expansion and the Segregation Wall

LRC have reported construction of sections of the wall in 5 different locations in the West Bank: ““ Anata, Jerusalem: By the end of December, 2012, Israeli cranes and dozers started the construction of the wall section that separates Anata from the Occupied City of Jerusalem by placing 8-meter-high concrete slabs. ““ Al Ramadeen - Hebron: on January 1, 2012, Israeli dozers embarked on leveling lands located between Al Ramadeen and Ashkelot colony to complete the construction of the wall section that surrounds the colony; consequently, the Israeli Occupation Army handed 3 Palestinian families stop-work orders for 3 structures in the area. ““ Al Walaja - Bethlehem: in January 2012, the Israelis embarked on opening roads and part of the so-called security fence around Gilo colony. ““ Azzun Atma - Qalqiliya: in late July, 2012, the Israeli Army embarked on the construction of a fence parallel to the wall which is built around the southern part of Azzun village. the process included the destruction of large agricultural areas for the purpose of the expansion of the nearby Oranit colony. According to Azzun Village Council, the following damages occurred as a result of the construction of the new section of the wall: ÌÌ leveling over 130 dunums of agricultural lands and uprooting over 500 trees. ÌÌ Palestinian farmers were forced to dismantle 9 green hoses and 7000 meters of irrigation networks. ÌÌ the new section will isolate over 400 dunums of agricultural fields. ÌÌ Al Shila cistern will be isolated behind the wall; al Shila is vital for agriculture in the area as it pumps water at a rate of 60 m3 per hour. It is worthy to mention than no gates are included in this particular section schematics. The Israelis justified the construction of the new section by claiming that it is needed to prevent Palestinians from sneaking into “Israel”; Mr. Abdul Kareem Ayyub, a member of Azzun Village Council had a different opinion though, he said: “the purpose of the construction of this section, which is parellel to a section built in previous years is to completely isolate the vital Al Shila cistern”

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63. Opening and paving the “security” road around al Walaja. Chapter 6: Colonial Expansion and the Segregation Wall 71

64. Al Shila citern isolated behind the so-called security fence. 64

““ Jubara - Tulkarm: in November, 2012, the Israeli Authorities continued leveling lands in Jubara village near TulKarm in order to change the route of the wall according to military order T/04/09 which orders the confiscation of 587.7 dunums.

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'Izbat al Khilal Jubara Kafa rder - Khirbet bet at Tayyah e Adjustment O Khir rnorate - Wall Rout Tulkarm Tulkarm Gove arch Cent se er e - asi L Al Haff R R d n C

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ـح ــز أب اث ا رك Jenin ألرا ــ م ضـ Tulkarm Tubas ـ Shufa ي ق s ة Qalqiliya Nablu ي س ف ـ ا lfit LRC ر م Sa غ ا جل خل ا رائ ت Jerichoط وما ونظlahمa lاملamعRل

Jerusalem Khirbet Jubara Bethlehem

Hebron

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Ar Ras Ya'arit

Kafr Sur

Salit gend Le Kur Wall Route 65. Military order T/04/ 90 Roads Network nt Wall Route Adjustme Israeli Colony · 66. A map showing the modified route of the Pal. Built-up Area 1:25,000 wall according to the order 72 Chapter 6: Colonial Expansion and the Segregation Wall

A living example of Palestinian misery The segregation wall turned the lives of the Suleimans into living hell

Suleiman family is a Palestinian family who has been living in Beit Hanina in the Occupied City of Jerusalem since 1960; the family used to lead a peaceful life but the Israelis had a different say. Jamal Suleiman, 53, said to an LRC observer: “I was born and raised in this house, I never found it difficult to move around Beit Hanina to visit friends and relatives; Beit Hanina used to be one town with one school, one cemetery but the Israelis divided it into two parts giving some of the inhabitants Palestinian “green ID cards”. After the beginning of the second Intifada in 2000, the Israeli efforts to detach Jerusalem from the West Bank increased; the Israelis closed all the passages to the City before constructing the segregation wall around it. Jamal added:”in 2002, the Israelis closed the tunnel which connects the new Beit Hanina with the old Beit Hanina; the Israelis opened a road right in front of my house so we became trapped between the closed tunnel and the new road which we cannot access by car, just on foot. One time, my father had to be taken to the hospital and we had to carry him and walk for over 1 km before we got to the main road. In 2006, the Israelis replaced the earth mounds that were used to block the tunnel with cement blocks and placed surveillance cameras there; soon afterwards, they put a door in the tunnel which can only be opened by Israeli officers who we were supposed to call and request opening the door for us. Of course, every time we wanted to pass, they made us wait for hours; sometimes, we were forced to take the alternative route through Qalandya checkpoint, Rafat Birnabala, in order to get to the other part of Beit Hanina, that cost us an extra one and a half hours. After making several pleas to the Israeli Courts and Army we were given special permits that allow us to pass through Qalandiya checkpoint but not access to Jerusalem; they gave us a map with a route to follow. Soon afterwards, they replaced the cement blocks and door with a huge electronic gate in June, 2012, my father passed away, we wanted to bury him in Beit Hanina cemetery but the Israelis refused to open the gate before they check the body and make sure that he was dead!!! An Israeli Army officer offered me a large sum of money to persuade me to leave my family house and live somewhere else which I rejected; they are trying to force us out but we will never fall for that”. Chapter 6: Colonial Expansion and the Segregation Wall 73

ويرى مركز أبحاث األراضي أن االحتالل ينتهك كافة احلقوق واملواثيق الدولية، كما انه يعتبر خرقاً للمادة 11 بند )1( من العهد ، ]تقر الدول األطراف بحق كل شخص في مستوى معيشي كاف له وألسرته، يوفر ما يفي بحاجتهم من الغذاء والكساء واملأوى، وبحقه في حتسني متواصل لظروفه املعيشية.

67. The Suleimans residence before being isolated. 67 68. special permits for the Suleimans.

68 74 Chapter 6: Colonial Expansion and the Segregation Wall

The Israeli occupation Army issued Confiscated Military Date Location Purpose 21 Military Order for the modifica- area (dunum) order tion or construction of the segrega- tion wall in 2012: Jerusalem 2,846 2012/01/05 Beit Daqo Modification 18 93/T/04 2012/01/05 Beit Surik Modification 62 81/T/05 2012/01/05 Qatanna Modification 116 92/T/04 2012/01/05 Beit Ijza Modification 120 /95/ت04 2012/01/05 Beit Ijza Modification 2 2012/01/05 Prophet Samuel Modification Beit Iksa, Beit 456 86/T/06 2012/01/05 Modification Surik Beit Iksa, Beit 2012/01/05 Modification 150 76/T/04 Surik Beit Surik, 2012/01/05 Modification 215 Beddo 2012/01/05 Beddo Modification 120 75/T/04 2012/01/05 Qatanna Modification 23 96/T/04 Al Khan al 2012/12/15 New section 515 84/T/03 Ahmar Al Izariyya, At 2012/12/15 New section 434 09/T/01 Tur As Sawahara, 2012/12/15 New section 80 151/T/05 Abu Dis 06/T/ 89 2012/12/28 Beit Iksa New section 456 153/T/05 Hebron 568 2012/07/08 Surif New section 568 15/T/12 Bethlehem 393 2012/01/06 Wad Rahhal New section 120 N.A Security 2012/11/06 Beit Tamar 273 2012/H/01 fence Nablus 800 Security buffer zone Zawata, Jinistya, surrounding 2012/09/11 An Naqura, Beit 800 95/T/11 Shavi Eba Shamron colony Salfit 43 Security 2012/02/07 Deir Istiya 21.76 28/T/06 reasons Qarawat Bani 2012/03/01 Hassan, Sarta, New section 21 11/T/11 Haris Qalqiliya 385 2012/7/30 Azzun Atma Modification 385 06/T/06 Tulkarm 644 2012/11/01 Jubara New section 644 90/T/04 Total 5,678 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC. Chapter 6: Colonial Expansion and the Segregation Wall 75

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69. Military order 15/T/12 targeting lands in Surif, Hebron. 70. A greenhouse to be devoured by the wall.

Beitin iniya Dolev 'Ein Q m Governorate ntry Zone) - Jerusale a ity Zone (No E Sefer Kafr Ni'm stment & Secur odin Illit - rQchir yCate nt all Route Adju M ea er W Deir Dibwan es - L R R d Deir Ibzi' n C

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ق ra ةi Nablus ي Beit S س Qalqiliya ف a ـ ا Ur al Fauq' ر LRC Beit cov غ Kokhav Yaa م Salfit isbah ا جل Mخل Kharbatha al ا را ت ئ ما Jerichoط و لو oron B نظahمa llاملamعR Beit H khmas Kafr 'Aqab Mi Rafat Jerusalem Qalandiya Camp Beit Horon Sha'ar Benyamin At Tira Bethlehem Beit Liqya Qalandiya aba' Givat Zeev J Hebron arot Beit Duqqu Al Judeira At Benyamin d Adam - Geva m & Dahiyat al Baree Beit Nuba Al Jib Bir Nabala Ar Ra von 'Anan Gi Beit Givat Hadasha Beit Ijza Neve Yaacov Givat Hadasha B

72 izma Qubeiba H im Al abi Samwil Kharayib Umm al Lah Har Shamual An N Pisgat Zeev Biddu Neve Shamual Qatanna Beit Hanina al Balad Beit Hanina Givat HaRadar Har Adar - Pisgat Amir Beit Surik Legend Beit Iksa Ramot Green Line t Camp Shu'fat Shu'fa Wall Route Rekhes Shuafat 'Anata Roads Network Mevaseret Tsiyon Israeli Colony Givat Shappira rea 'Isawiya Pal. Built-up A Ramat Eshkol Al ar HaTzofim Confiscation Type Hebrew University - H nt Wall Route Adjustme · Security - No Entry 1:50,000

71. A military order designated for the modification of the wall route north west of Jerusalem. 72. A map showing the modification in the wall route in north .

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Recommendations A year after year and the Israeli colonial project features become more obvious to the whole world. The 19th Knesset elections resulted in massive wins for the colonial parties who feel no shame in expressing their colonial plans which focus on replacing the Palestinian citizens with Jewish ones. This catastrophic situation requires a serious Palestinian and Arab stand seeking the following:

On the Palestinian level: 1. Embarking on the preparation of international case files against the Israeli colonization policies as well as house demolitions, land confiscation, destruction of forests and agriculture, etc and take these files to the United Nations, the International Criminal Court andthe International Court of Justice. 2. Developing a large-scale media campaign to present the Israeli violations of Palestinian Rights and the Israeli breaches of the La Haye and Geneva conventions as well as a number of UN resolutions. 3. Commencing on a campaign to gain support from as many countries as possible to boycott the so-called Israeli State and impose sanctions on it. 4. Creating a special emergency fund to compensate the losses resulting from the Israeli unjust measures in the Occupied City of Jerusalem and areas classified “C” according to Oslo Accords. 5. Establishing a special fund to develop the Palestinian villages and built new villages in barren lands that are threatened of confiscation. 6. Supporting the popular resistance in the West Bank financially, politically and morally.

On the popular front: 1. The Civil Society organization Must intensify their efforts in documenting the Israeli violations of Human Rights and increase the number of research on the matter and publish the documents in various languages to aid the public level. 2. Establishing a fund to support the documentation efforts. 3. Intensifying the popular resistance efforts and increase the number of active committees. 4. Complete boycott of all the Israeli products. 5. Halting any joint projects or activities with the Israeli side or any side that support the Israelis financially or politically. 6. Setting a number of advocacy lectures and workshops for students and residents of the Occupied City of Jerusalem and other targeted areas to explain the dimensions and effects of the Israeli attacks and how to minimize the threat. 7. Raising the farmers awareness on the selling of lands to the investors and businessmen because the small-scale farmers offer better protection methods.

The fight over the Palestinian lands is enflaming, it requires patient, dedicated, educated people to win it ...

It is the Palestinian people fate to fight for their rights on every corner

Annexes

Annexes 81

Annex 1: E1 colonial Scheme ““ A colonial plan which aims for the expansion of Maale Adummim colony from the west and merging it with the colonies in East Jerusalem including Ramat Eshkol, Givat Shabira, Givat Amir and Givat Ze’ev. ““ The total area of the targeted lands is 12,000 dunums belonging to the towns of Al Izariyya, Abu Dis and Al Isawiyya. ““ The plan includes the construction of 4,000 colonial units in addition to hotels, universities, road networks and a new police station. ““ This plan shall detach the southern cities of the West bank (Bethlehem and Hebron) from the northern ones as the future plan is expanding Maale Adummim to reach Jericho to the east and Jerusalem to the west, covering a total area of 53 km2 to become larger than Tel Aviv itself. ““ The plan is part of the “greater Jerusalem project”. ““ The plan will cut the West Bank into two to abort any hopes of a future Palestinian State ““ The plan has been condemned by several countries around the world including Israel’s closest allies the US and the UK. ““ In response, the Palestinian established “Bab al Shams” village to express their determination to preserve their lands. rch Cen sea te Pisgat Amir e r R - L d R n a Shu'fat CamC p

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“ G “ The Israeli Government, led by t I LRC i S n Sh u'fat U & Feb. 2013 'Anata M g Netenyahu, destroyed the village. a p p i n

ز أبـحاث كــ األر ر ا ــ ضـ م ـ ي

ة t Shappira يGiva ق ف ا س ر ـ LRC غ جل م ا ا خلر ت ائ وما ط ونظم املعل

Al 'Isawiya

Hebrew University - Har HaTzofim

Sheikh JaJrernainh Az Za'ayyem Tulkarm Tubas

Qalqiliya Nablus WadiS alflit Joz Ramallah Jericho

Jerusalem

BethlehemAt Tur Bab as Sahira Hebron Maale Adummim rch Cen sea te e r R - L d R Ash Shayyah n a C Legend L Al 'Eizariya G t SilwanE1 I LRC i S n Pal. Builtup Area U & Feb. 2013 · g M n IRsraesli C Aolol'nAy mud a p p i 1:25,000

ـز أبـحاث ا كـ ألرا ـر Beituniya Ramallah ـ ضـ Beit 'Ur al Fauqa Al Bira م ـ rch Ce ي Kharbathae al Misbahnte es r Beit Horon B Kokhav Yaacov ة Maale Mikhmas ي - ق R ف ا L س ر d ـ غ LRC R Beit Horon م جل n C ا a Kafr 'Aqab Mikhmas ا At Tira Rafat خلر ت L ائ ما Qalandiya Camp ط علو G ونظم امل t Sha'ar Benyamin I LRC i S n Givat Zeev Qalandiya U & Feb. 2013 Beit Duqqu Jaba' M g a p p i n Al Judeira Atarot Jaba' - Tajammu' Badaw i Beit 'Anan Al Jib Givon Bir Nabala Ar Ram & Dahiyat al Bareed Adam - Geva Benyamin Givat Hadasha Beit Ijza ز أبـحاث كــ األر Givat Hadasha B ر ا ــ ضـ Neve Yaacov م ـ ayib Umm al Lahim Al QubeibaيKhar Har Shamual Biddu ة Qatanna ي ق An Nabi Samw il Hizma Allon ف ا Pisgat Zeev س ر Neve Shamual ـ LRC غ Beit Hanina al Balad جل Almon - Anatot م ا ا Adar - Givat HaRadar خلrرHa ت Beit Hanina Kfar Adummim ائ وما Beit Surik Mizpe Yeriho ط ونظم املعل Pisgat Amir Beit Iksa Ramot Neve Brat Shu'fat Camp Rekhes Shuafat Shu'fat Mevaseret Tsiyon 'Anata

Givat Shappira Al Ka'abina - Tajammu' Badaw Ramat Eshkol Al 'Isaw iya Hebrew University - Har HaTzofim Jenin Mishr Adummim - Industrial Center Sheikh Jarrah Az Za'ayyem Tulkarm Tubas Wadi al Joz Settler Houses in Old City Qalqiliya Nablus Bab as SahiraAt Tur Salfit Old City Maale Adummim Jew ish QuarterAsh Shayyah Jericho Ramallah Ras Al'Amud Silw an Al 'Eizariya Jerusalem Ath Thuri Abu Dis Bethlehem Mizpe Yedude Hebron East Talpiyot As Saw ahira al Gharbiya Kedar Beit Safafa As Saw ahira ash Sharqiya 'Arab al Jahalin Sharafat Givat Hamatos Ash Sheikh Sa'd Legend Sur Bhir Gilo Wall Route Al Walaja Legend Jerusalem After 1967 Har Gilo Umm Tuba E1 E1 'Ayda Camp Al 'Ubeidiya Pal. Builtup Area Battir Beit Jala Khallet an Nu'man Israeli Colony Al 'Aza Camp Dar Salah Israeli Colony Al Hujeila · Bethlehem Wadi al 'Arayis · West Bank WesHt aBdaanrk Betar Al Khas Al Haddadiya 1:500,000 Husan 1:100,000 Wadi Fukin Betar Illit Al Khadr Ad Doha Beit Sahur Umm al Qasseis Juhdum A map and aerial photograph showing the extent of E1 plan 82 Annexes

Annex 2: Railway Plan Connecting or simply ripping apart…The Israeli Occupation most recent Railway Network Plan Every day, Palestinians are shocked with a new Israeli colonization plan aimed to rip their lands apart and add to their suffering. The Israelis are planning to construct a new railway network to connect the Israeli colonies spreading all around the West Bank; a project that will also include security fences and roads, watch towers, train station, and maintenance and repair lots. More than 100,000 dunums of Palestinian lands are threatened of confiscation as a result. The railway will spread like a web all around the West Bank, further disconnecting Palestinian localities. The purpose of the project is connecting the illegal Israeli colonies spreading all around the West Bank as well as connecting them with cities in the so-called “Israeli State”. The railway will be around 456 km long, devouring more than 30,000 dunums and isolating further 70,000 which will be used as security buffer zones on both sides of the route. 100,000 dunums will be added to the tally of lands used to serve Israeli colonization plan which have already consumed around 2.2 km2.

Israeli gains 1. A fast track connecting Israeli colonies spreading all around the West Bank as well as connecting those colonies with the cities in the so-called “Israeli State”. 2. Provide spaces that can be used for vertical expansion which will compliment the purpose of the Segregation Wall.

rch Cen sea te e r R - 3. Encouraging more Israelis to reside in these L d R n

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colonies. i I LRC S n U & Feb. 2013 M g 4. Ripping the Palestinian communities apart a p p i n ـز أبـحاث ا كـ ألرا ـر ض ـ ـ and rendering establishing a Palestinian State م ـ ي

ة

ي ق ف ا س ر ـ LRC غ impossible which is one of the main objectives جل م ا ا خلر ت ائ وما ط ونظم املعل .of Zionism As for the Palestinians, this forms a severe violation of their right to residency and ownership; it also hinders their development and limits the possibility for urban and economic expansions. The spider network formed of the railway and the segregation wall will turn the Palestinian communities into disconnected “ghettos”.

Surely, the Israelis arrogantly claimed that they Legend Proposed Railway Route will allow the Palestinians to use the railway Israeli Colony system; however, it is clear that this will not be West Bank possible due to the fact that the Palestinians are prohibited from entering the trains’ destinations. It is an Israeli attempt to gain international support, and probably Palestinian as well, to a project that will hammer one last nail in the · “peace process” casket. 1:500,000 Annexes 83

Similar to many previous projects; as soon as this one is finished, the Israeli discriminative policy will surface again and usage will be monopolized to Israelis only. We, at the Land Research Center view the project as catastrophic to the wellbeing of the Palestinian people. We hereby demand complete rejection of such a plan on the Arab and Islamic world level and they are obliged to stop such a plan from happening.

Annex 3: Closed Military Zones For generations, the Jordan Valley area has been important to people due to its fertile lands and warm climate in addition to the possibility of all year round 73 cultivation. It has also been known for the availability of water as it is considered one of the most important water basins in Palestine. Since the Israeli Occupation of the West Bank, the Israelis have declared the Jordan Valley as part of its eastern borders and that shall never change regardless of any future agreements. Yigal Alon, the former Israeli Prime Minister stated once: “in order to ensure the security of the State of Israel; the Jordan River must remain as the Jewish 73. Humsa turned into shooting grounds. state eastern border”. In order to ensure that, the Israeli consecutive regimes implemented a number of plans including turning over 400,000 dunums of the Valley’s total area into closed military zones, inaccessible by the Palestinians for any kind of activity. In addition, over 90 military encampments or outposts have been placed in the area not to mention the thousands of dunums of mine fields to an extent that some of these fields merge withthe residential communities, the likes of Yirza and Wad al Jericho - southern Jordan Valley Maleh: Percentage of Town/village Inhabitants Closed Military Zones according to the Israeli Army closed lands Tubas, northern Jordan Valley: Marah Naja 715 45% Jiftlik 3,714 80% Percentage of Town/village Inhabitants Fasayel 1,078 80% closed lands Al Auja 4,120 65% Bardala 1,637 70% An Nue'ma 1,245 55% Ein al Baida 1,163 60% Ein ad Dyuk 821 10% Atouf 483 44% Jericho 18,346 20% Kardala 307 70% An Nabi Mousa 309 70% Al Aqaba 104 20% Ibzeq 211 100% Nablus - Mid Jordan Valley: Yirza 39 100% Percentage of Town/village Inhabitants Al Farisiyya 151 100% closed lands Al Maleh (Mayta, Al Hadidiyya, An Nassariyya 1,585 60% Ein Hilwa, Hammamat al Maleh, 370 100% Al Burj, Al Makhool, Samra, Al Aqrabaniyya 1,001 57% Ihmer, Al Himma) Beit Hasan 1,121 60% Al Ras al Ahmar 179 100% Ein Shibli 335 60% Humsa 133 100% Khirbit Tana 200 100% 84 Annexes

Mass Deportation in the Jordan Valley 50,000 Palestinians, inhabitants of the Jordan Valley lives has been turned into living hell due to the closed military zones and mine fields spreading all around the area in addition to the extreme Israeli measures which have led to the displacement of most of the inhabitants. The inhabitants are forced to move around the Jordan Valley area due to the Israeli Army skirmishes or training; if they get the chance to go back to their dwellings they usually find it nothing but ruins. Moreover, the Israeli Army leaves behind a number of mines, unexploded ordnances, and other kinds of explosives which often cost the dwellers, especially children their lives or their limbs. Whenever the Israeli Army is planning for a training, they issue a number of “eviction orders” for the inhabitants of the area; these orders demand the following: ““ Eviction within a predefined period of time or else all the belonging of those who do not comply will be confiscated. ““ The orders are usually issued for inhabitants of the Jordan Valley area. ““ The orders are justified by “military training”. ““ These orders are issued by the Central Inspection Unit, the Israeli Occupation Civil Administration, the Israeli Occupation Army.

LRC observers reported on the following violations in 2012: ““ Demolition or eviction of 225 residential and agricultural tent or shack. ““ Eviction orders for 400 residential and agricultural tent or shack.

The targeted areas lack the basic services of power networks and water supply as the Israelis ban installing them; the locals are forced to use water tankers for their water supply; other violations in 2012 included: ““ Confiscation of 22 water tanker. ““ Confiscation of 7 tractors. ““ Confiscation of 17 tents in Humsa. ““ Confiscation of 6 lavatories. ““ Confiscation of 300 goat and cow.

On the rainy Sunday, November 11, 2012, a large Israeli force broke into the Bedouin communities in Wadi al Maleh and ordered 7 communities of immediate evacuation, saying the military skirmishes shall begin within 3 hours. Over 90 families, a total of 639 people, were evicted along their 10,000 of cattle in a picture reminding them of the 1948 Nakba. The villagers of Himsa, al Ras al Ahmar, Mayta, Hamamat al Maleh, Ibzeq, and Al Burj were forced to move to the nearby Bardala, Al Bayda,and Beit Dajan. It must be noted that the Army chose a rainy day for their skirmishes to add to the burden of the people. Annexes 85

Evicted villages:

Displaced Displaced Evicted Evicted Location Children Cattle Total families people residences barns Al Ras al Ahmar 25 178 81 34 92 3,822 126 3,743 Ibzeq 24 191 93 24 24 65 Cows 48 Yirza 10 59 18 9 9 - 18 Mayta 19 156 83 21 23 1,270 44 870 Hamamt al Maleh 11 10 5 13 14 38 Cows 27 Humsa 5 45 26 5 5 300 10 10,005 Total 94 639 306 106 167 103 Cows 237 Source: Field Observations – Monitoring Israeli Human Rights Violations Team – LRC, Tubas Governor Office.

126

48 44

27 18 10

Al Ras al Ahmar Ibzeq Yirza Mayta Hamamt al Maleh Humsa

The chart reflects the number of structures threatened with destruction through the military skirmishes

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74. Humsa before deportation. 86 Annexes

Victims of minefields and military trainings Yirza village is located 10 km to the east of Tubas; only 12 families live in the village because many families were forced to move due to the Israeli measures. It must be pointed that Yirza has been used as a shooting ground for the Israeli Army training because Yirza landscape is similar to the landscape of south Lebanon; the locals suffered a lot due to the Israeli Army trainings or the unexploded ordnances left by the Israeli soldiers. The village lacks the basic services and development has not been possible because the Israelis consider it a closed military zone. Many Palestinians were victims of the Israeli mines or trainings as many lost their lives or limbs and many others suffered from disfiguration. Myassar Masa’eed recalled the death of her son in 1992 who was killed by a mine. The 7-year-old kid, at that time, was herding with his cousin when he grabbed a hidden mine and was lost forever; his cousin lost his foot because of the explosion. His cousin recalled the incident, he said: “we were walking the sheep when we found a little toy, we grabbed it not knowing that death was hiding for us. Ibrahim died instantly and I lost my foot because of the explosion”. He wished that the incident never happen again but he doubted that as Israeli mines and explosions spread all around the area. Ibrahim was one of many who lost something due to the Israeli recklessness; Mahmoud Einyabousi was killed by a mine in Yirza, an eyewitness said: “Mahmoud was abrilliant kid, he was fifteen when a mine took his life. I was sitting on an adjacent hill when I heard a great explosion; I rushed to the site to see Mahmoud dead as the explosion ripped his body apart”.

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75. Hafiz Masa’eed. Annexes 87

Israeli military training in pictures )Distribution of eviction orders( 77 76

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76. A Palestinian holding the eviction order he was just handed. 77. A photocopy of one of the eviction orders. 78. Invading agricultural fields. 79. Tanks roaming near residential tents. 80. Unexploded ordnances rendering lands to dangerous to be used. 88 Annexes

Annex 4: Barrack Plan Barack Decision to Destroy 10 Palestinian Villages - A permission for murder and mass deportation As usual, the Israeli Minister of Defense declared his intention to evict 8 Palestinian villages (10 communities inhabited by around 1,500 people) located to the south of Yatta claiming that they are vital for military trainings. Is the Israeli Army in need for this location or is it a card to lay control over the whole area???!!!

The target location The communities of (Majaz, Taban, Safay al Foqa, Safay al Tehta, Fakhit, Halawa, Janba al Fuqa, Janba al Tehta, and Kharouba) in addition to four villages (Tuba, Mfagara, Saroura, and Maghayer Ibead) which are still awaiting decision. The aforementioned communities are 56,640 dunums in area and are inhabited by 2,500 people. The area is considered fertile rangelands with over 28,000 of cattle spreading around. Before 1967, the number reached up to 55,000 which shows the effect of the Israeli colonization on the lives of people and cattle. Despite the increased number of inhabitants, the number of cattle was reduced due to closure of these rangelands, demolition of wells and cisterns, blocking roads, etc. Most of the targeted villages have been inhabited long before the Israeli occupation in 1948; they are inhabited by simple villagers leading primitive lives. They reside in simple mud houses surrounded by barns and leading traditional lives while lacking ،the signs of modernity

Israeli Violations in the area 1. In the 1970’s the Israeli occupation Army declared 30,000 dunums as closed military zones with access limited to residents only; this meant freezing any development or expansion. 2. In 1997, these areas were classified ‘C’ according to Oslo Accords; 3. consequently, adding new structures, whether public or private have been prohibited. 4. In August, 1999, the villagers received eviction orders issued by the Israeli Occupation Civil Administration. The orders were completely rejected by the locals. 5. On November 16, 1999, the Israeli Occupation Army evicted 700 Palestinians in the area before confiscating tools, tanks, barns, water pumps, irrigation network; a coalition of 20 families filed a complaint to the Israeli Supreme Court which ruled in their favor and allowed them to be back to their homes; however, those who lost their homes were not allowed to rebuild them. 6. In 2005, when diplomacy failed to evict the Palestinian families residing in the area; the Israeli Occupation Civil Administration launched a wave of demolishing orders for homes and cisterns.

Validity for military training It is clear that the area is not suitable for military training due to: 1. The area holds 12 israeli colonies, infrastructure (water, power, roads networks) which are integrated in the area. 2. The area holds four Palestinian villages that are farmed seasonally. Annexes 89

3. The area is adjacent to Yatta town; it is only 5km away from its borders. 4. Yatta is classified area ‘A’ while the surrounding residential area is classified ‘B’ according to Oslo; despite being classified areas ‘C’, the target area is an extension of Yatta and thus shall not be detached or disconnected. 5. To the east, there exist a huge area that was declared military zone since 1967; it is simple to use these lands for training if that was the real purposes.

Tarrama Al Fawwar Camp Zif Maale Havar - Pene Hever rch Cen Hadab al Fawwar Hureiz sea te e r R - L Bethlehem d Al Heila R n

C Wadi as Sada a Wadi ash Shajina L Ar Rihiya Biyar al 'Arus G Deir Rat zih I LRC i Al Buweib 'AbdS a n Hebron U & Feb. 2013 Ad Duweir Khirbet Bism Yatta M g a p p i n Qinan an Najma

5 Km Dead Sea Khurisa 22 Km ز أبـحاث ا Qurnet ar Ras كــ aألmرKar Beit 'Amra ر ا ــ ضـ م Jenin ـ Yatta Ar Rifa'iyya ي

ة ulkarm Khallet al Maiyya يT ق Tubas Ad Deirat ف Khallet 'Arabi ا س ر ـ LRC غ جل م ا ا خلر liiyeal NablusتQaOlqtin ائ وما ط ونظم املعل Salfit Umm Lasafa Jericho Khallet Salih Az Zuweidin Abu al 'Asja Abu al 'Urqan I'zeiz Al Muntar Karmel Ramallah Umm al Kher

Jerusalem Al Karmil

Qinan Jaber Saadet Tha'lah

Bethlehem At Tuwani Ar Rakeez Ma'in Maon Hebron Kharoubeh Khirbet Deir Shams Tuba Al Faqir Rojom Eshayeb

Khirbet Sarura Qawawis

As Samu' Khirbet Asafi Legend Khirbet Bir al 'Idd Khirbet at Tabban Maghayir al 'Abeed Threatened Pal. Localities Khirbet al Mfagrah Susiya Mantiqat Shi'b al Batin Unthreatened Pal. Localities Khirbet at Tawamin Khirbet Tawil ash Shih Khirbet al Fakheit Palestinian Localities

Outpost Dkaika Khirbet al Majaz Wall Route

Green Line Haribat an Nabi Roads Network Asae'l Israeli Colony Imneizil Khirbet al Kharaba Colony Master Plan Mezadot Yehuda - Beit Yattir Mirkez Halaweh Pal. Built-up Area Jinba Area - A Khirbet Ghuwein al Fauqa Area - B Shani - Livneh · Area - C 0 1.5 3 6 Kilometers 1:50,000

Israeli Greed The Israeli Governemnts have tried to capture Summary as much lands as possible to serve the Zionist colonization project; in Yatta, the following The Israeli intentions are clear and there colonies were established: is no need whatsoever to military training grounds; the purpose hear is capturing Colony Population Area Established lands and deporting Palestinians while Karmel 321 311 1981 defying the international law and the 1949 Ma'oun 327 683 1980 Geneva Convention which states clearly that Mesudat Yehuda – Beit Yatir 412 746 1977 “unlawful deportation or transfer or unlawful Susiya 643 1,009 1983 confinement of a protected person” is a grave Source: GIS Department - Land Research Center - LRC breach of humanitarian law. 90 Annexes

Annex 4: Typses of Israeli military Orders ““ Eviction Notification: this type of orders are usually issued by the Israeli Occupation Army – the Israeli Occupation Civil Administration; the order usually demands from the owner the eviction of a certain plot and returning to the status quo within 45 days of the notification date on the claim that the designated plot is “state property”. These notifications are usually enclosed with a map showing the targeted plot with the name of the owner tagged as “aggressor”. These orders are usually designated for agricultural fields that are recently rehabilitated or have ongoing constructions. ““ Extension orders, borders modifications: these orders are usually issued for “security purposes e.g. construction of one of the segregation wall sections, expansion of a military base”. ““ Eviction order: these orders are usually issued by the so-called “Environmental Protection and Public Parks Officer” or the high commander of the Israeli Army in Jehovah and Samaria on the pretext of residing in military training grounds or natural reserve area. If the inhabitants do not comply the evictions will be carried out abruptly. ““ Plans subject to approval: these plans are usually published in Palestinian newspapers without clarity in terms of areas, owners, or borders in order to give owners of lands included in the plans a chance to object in case they have any objections. The Israeli Occupation Authorities tend to publish these advertisements in “hidden” corners of the newspaper which makes noticing them quite impossible. these include: ÌÌ Registration of immovable properties: usually to register lands that have been confidentially given or sold to colonists or colonial societies. The owners are usually given 15 days to file their objections. ÌÌ Master Plans: usually announced with the purpose of expanding the area of a colony or to change the classification of certain areas; such orders are usually designated to already confiscated lands which has been expropriated for “public usage”; years later, the same lands, which were Palestinian private properties will be handed to Israeli colonists to exploit it the way the wish to. Annexes 91

Eviction Notification

Military order 1054 designated for lands property of the heirs of Abdul Qader Jabareen; the total area of the targeted lands in 8.4 dunums, surrounded by retaining walls and planted with 40 olive and 6 grape trees.

Extension orders, borders modifications

On September 11, 2012, the Israeli Occupation Authorities served the village Councils of Zawata, Jinistya, and Al Naqoura a copy of order T/11/95 which entails capturing a total of 92,334 dunums for “security reasons”. 92 Annexes

Control over lands

The Israeli Occupation Authorities handed the village councils of Burin and Awarta military or- ders extending the control over 667 dunums in the aforementioned villages.

Eviction order

A military order demanding the eviction of a number of families and the uprooting of over 1400 trees claiming that the area is a natural reserve – Wadi Qana, Salfit on September 2, 2012 Annexes 93

Plans subject to approval A photocopy of the advertisement published in Al Quds daily on October 21, 2012 On October 21, 2012, the Israeli Occupation Civil Administration of Jehovah and Samaria, the colonization Subcommittee published a colonial expansion plan targeting 68 dunums in al Khader village in Bethlehem. The plan is set to change the status of the targeted areas from natural reserve to lands allocated to public usage (structures and public institutions). Confiscation by colonial groups/ societies

In January, 2012, several Israeli colonial groups placed 50 fake graves in a plot located in Silwan somewhere between Al Aqsa Mosque and Ras al Amoud. The purpose is clear which capturing the 20-dunum-plot