Luffa Cylindrica
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Metadata of the article that will be visualized in OnlineFirst 1 Article Title Luffa cylindrica: a promising herbal treatment in progesterone induced obesity in mice 2 Article Sub- Title 3 Article Copyright - Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Year (This will be the copyright line in the final PDF) 4 Journal Name Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders 5 Family Name Biradar 6 Particle 7 Given Name Prakash Rajshekhar 8 Suffix 9 Corresponding Organization KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Author (KAHER) 10 Division Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi 11 Address Belagavi 590010, India 12 e-mail [email protected] 13 Family Name Wilnellia 14 Particle 15 Given Name D’silva Wilnoska 16 Suffix 17 Author Organization KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER) 18 Division Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi 19 Address Belagavi 590010, India 20 e-mail 21 Author Family Name Patil 22 Particle 23 Given Name Ashiwini 24 Suffix 25 Organization KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER) 26 Division Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi 27 Address Belagavi 590010, India 28 e-mail 29 Received 31 August 2020 30 Schedule Revised 31 Accepted 20 January 2021 32 Abstract Objective: The present study investigates the anti-obesity activity of Luffa cylindrica in progesterone induced obesity model. Method: Swiss albino mice were grouped into 7 (n = 6). Obesity was induced by administration of progesterone (10 mg/kg s.c.) for 28 days.Normal group received ad libitum and water. Disease control, positive control and treatment groups received progesterone (10 mg/kgs.c.). Further positive control group received Orlistat (10 mg/kg p.o). Treatment groups received hydro-alcoholic and fractionation extract of Luffa cylindrica at doses 400, 200, 100 mg/kg b.w. Food and water intake were recorded daily, Body weight, BMI and blood glucose were checked weekly. On completion of the study, animals were sacrificed and blood serum being utilized to accesses in vitro the estimate the various biochemical parameters. Serotonin levels and antioxidant biomarkers were also estimated. Histopathology of liver and adipose tissue was studied. Result: After the 28 days of treatment with plant extract and fraction, it was observed to improve the progestrogen-induced obesity by improving BMI, body weight, brain serotionin, locomotor activity, blood glucose level, anti- oxidant biomarkers, and lipid profile. Conclusion: After assimilating the In vivo and in vitro studies Luffa cylindrical extract highlighted the antilipidemic, anti-hyperglycaemic, antioxidant potential in hormone-induced obesity. 33 Keywords separated Luffa cylindrica - Obesity - Progesterone - Serotonin - Orlistat by ' - ' 34 Foot note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in information published maps and institutional affiliations. JrnlID 40200_ArtID 749_Proof# 1 - 31/01/2021 Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00749-8 1 34 RESEARCH ARTICLE 2 5 6 Luffa cylindrica: a promising herbal treatment in progesterone 7 induced obesity in mice 8 D’silva Wilnoska Wilnellia1 & Prakash Rajshekhar Biradar 1 & Ashiwini Patil1 9 10 Received: 31 August 2020 /Accepted: 20 January 2021 11 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 12 Abstract 13 Objective The present study investigates the anti-obesity activity of Luffa cylindrica in progesterone induced obesity model. 14 Method Swiss albino mice were grouped into 7 (n = 6). Obesity was induced by administrationOF of progesterone (10 mg/kg s.c.) 15 for 28 days.Normal group received ad libitum and water. Disease control, positive control and treatment groups received 16 progesterone (10 mg/kgs.c.). Further positive control group received Orlistat (10 mg/kg p.o). Treatment groups received 17 hydro-alcoholic and fractionation extract of Luffa cylindrica at doses 400, 200, 100 mg/kg b.w. Food and water intake were 18 recorded daily, Body weight, BMI and blood glucose were checked weekly. On completion of the study, animals were sacrificed 19 and blood serum being utilized to accesses in vitro the estimate the variousPRO biochemical parameters. Serotonin levels and 20 antioxidant biomarkers were also estimated. Histopathology of liver and adipose tissue was studied. 21 Result After the 28 days of treatment with plant extract and fraction, itD was observed to improve the progestrogen-induced 22 obesity by improving BMI, body weight, brain serotionin, locomotorE activity, blood glucose level, anti-oxidant biomarkers, and 23 lipid profile. 24 Conclusion After assimilating the In vivo and in vitro studies Luffa cylindrical extract highlighted the antilipidemic, anti- 25 hyperglycaemic, antioxidant potential in hormone-induced obesity. 26 Keywords Luffa cylindrica . Obesity . Progesterone . Serotonin . Orlistat 27 28 ORRECT 29 Introduction C prevalence reports adjusted for age, at least 30% of males and 40 35% of females were noted to be obese [3, 4]. 41 30 Obesity occurs as a result of a disparity between energy ex- BMI, which is a value derived by calculating the ratio of 42 31 penditure and energy intakeUN which leads to an increase in the body weight in kilograms to the square of the height in 43 32 circulatory lipid concentration and enlargement of fat mass. meters, is used to define normal weight, overweight and obe- 44 33 The aetiological factors of obesity include fluctuations in the sity. Normal: BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, overweight: BMI 25-29.9 45 34 circulatory levels of certain hormones, such as leptin, insulin, kg/m2, class I obese: BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2, class II obese: BMI 46 35 sex hormones and growth hormones that majorly influence 35-39.9 kg/m2, and class III obese: BMI 40 or greater kg/m2 47 36 appetite, body fat distribution, metabolism, storage and also [morbidly obese] [5, 6]. 48 37 influenced by various lifestyle factors [1, 2]. The ubiquity of Obesity is a common risk factor for multiple comorbidity 49 38 obesity is noted to have increased multifold in the preceding conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, dys- 50 39 few decades. According to a recent estimate of global obesity lipidemia, type-2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. The 51 prevalence of these comorbidities is directly proportionate to 52 the degree of obesity [7–9]. 53 54 * Prakash Rajshekhar Biradar Amongst the hormones that modulate food intake and en- [email protected]; [email protected] ergy balance in mammals, the sex hormones estrogen and 55 progesterone are considered to have a prominent role [10]. 56 Progesterone is produced endogenously and has the primary 57 1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of 58 Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and role of regulating embryogenesis, pregnancy, lactation and Q1 Research (KAHER), Belagavi 590010, India menstrual cycle [11]. The use of progesterone containing 59 JrnlID 40200_ArtID 749_Proof# 1 - 31/01/2021 J Diabetes Metab Disord 60 preparations in contraceptives and hormone replacement ther- Extraction of plant material 108 61 apy has been shown to cause hyperphagia and increased fat 62 deposition leading to substantial weight gain [12, 13]. .Some 200 gms of coarsely powdered plant material was macerated 109 63 women have been noted to develop a depressive illness due to with hydro-alcohol for seven days in the ratio of 7:3with oc- 110 64 an increase in progesterone secretion [14, 15]. Progesterone casional shaking. The macerated solute was filtered using 111 65 has been proven to induce hyperphagia by modulating sero- Whatman filter paper and the filtrate stored. With the aim of 112 66 tonergic agents [16, 17]. doing Soxhlet extraction, 100 g of marc was taken in 400 ml 113 67 Obesity has been considered to be a chronic disease of ethanol for a period of 72 hours at 40°C (flask size 400 ml). 114 68 and hence anti-obesity medications are prescribed for The solution thus obtained was then filtered. Following this, 115 69 long-term treatment which have numerous side effects the two filtrates, ie the one obtained post maceration and the 116 70 [18]. There are several herbal plants whose active compo- one obtained post Soxhlet extraction, were mixed and a con- 117 71 nents are being used in anti-obesity treatment, given their centrate prepared in the rotary evaporator. The resultant con- 118 72 safety, efficacy, cultural acceptability and a more accept- centrate was then transferred onto a Petri plate and evaporated 119 73 able side-effect profile [19, 20]. It has been reported that on a water bath. The final filtrate obtained post these proce- 120 74 movement behavior profiles across work and leisure time- dures, was stored in an air tight container and lyophilized to 121 75 use compositions are associated with obesity [21] powered extract. 122 76 reflecting the requirement of adequate balance between OF 77 work and leisure movement. Fractionation 123 78 Luffa cylindrica or Luffa aegyptiaca is a member of the 79 Cucurbitaceae family. Used over generations as an herbal Using a separating funnel, a crude extract was prepared by 124 80 remedy in different countries for the treatment of various types mixing dichloromethanePRO and citric acid 5% thoroughly. The 125 81 of diseases. The plant contains a group of phytoconstituents to aqueous layer obtained was separated and concentrated on a 126 82 include alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, ste- Petri plateD and ammonia was added to make up the pH to 9.2. 127 83 roids, ascorbic acid, triterpenoids, and oleanolic acid render- TheE residue was again extracted with dichloromethane and 128 84 ing it an efficacious medicinal plant. Most studies have report- citric acid in the ratio of 1:1. The citric acid layer was concen- 129 85 ed that these bioactive compounds have promising effects in trated to give flavonoids and saponins. Finally, the mixture 130 86 tackling obesity by several mechanisms [22, 23].