Innovations for Podh; Infrastructure Following Offshore Wind Developments
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TNO PUBLIEK Westerduinweg 3 1755 LE Petten P.O. Box 15 1755 ZG Petten The Netherlands TNO 2019 R11115 - 2edt. www.tno.nl Innovations for Port of Den Helder T +31 88 866 50 65 Infrastructure following offshore wind developments Date July 31st, 2019 Author(s) B.H. Bulder; S. Krishna Swamy; P.M.J. Warnaar; Y.C. van Delft; N. Chrysochoidis-Antsos Reviewers B. Bolman (Engie); F. Brandsen (NEC); T. Gravemaker (DHSS); S. van Helvoort (Peterson), P. Kieft (NAM); C.C.T. Naber – van der Aa (PoDH), M.A. Pater (PoDH), J. Pille (CHC); B. de Ruiter (Acta Marine); J. Spee (NHN);C.L. Turnhout (PoDH); L.J. de Vries (TNO) Copy no - No. of copies - Number of pages 71 (incl. appendices) Number of 6 appendices Sponsor TKI WoZ and partners Project name Innovations Wind port of Den Helder, infrastructure following offshore wind developments Project number 060.36211 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced and/or published by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without the previous written consent of TNO. In case this report was drafted on instructions, the rights and obligations of contracting parties are subject to either the General Terms and Conditions for commissions to TNO, or the relevant agreement concluded between the contracting parties. Submitting the report for inspection to parties who have a direct interest is permitted. © 2019 TNO TNO PUBLIEK Since April 1st ECN and TNO have joined forces. TNO PUBLIEK | TNO 2019 R11115 | Final report 2 / 71 Summary A study to investigate opportunities for the Port of Den Helder in the energy transition is performed by ECN part of TNO, with the support of a consortium of nine partners, all stake holders in the Port of Den Helder. Although it is foreseen that activities related to the oil and gas (O&G) industry will decrease in the coming years, a simultaneous rapid increase in the offshore wind sector will see growth in operations and maintenance (O&M) and a number of other activities, which will have a substantial impact on the Port of Den Helder. The main conclusion of this study is that the transition to a carbon-free renewable energy system provides the Port of Den Helder with great business opportunities. The reasons for these opportunities are: 1. Central location of the Port of Den Helder, providing efficient access to all areas of the North Sea, giving possible economic advantages for offshore wind developers and O&M contractors, compared to other ports. 2. Good infrastructure in the port and presence of Den Helder Airport nearby, from which helicopters could support primary offshore wind O&M vessels, leading to increased availability of offshore wind farms (OWFs). 3. State of the art logistics and supply companies, presently mainly active in Oil & Gas, that are equipped to serve the offshore wind energy industry as well. 4. Very good gas infrastructure, proximity to three major pipelines importing a majority of the gas produced in the Dutch economic zone in the North Sea, leading to opportunities in hydrogen production from offshore wind energy. 5. Possible storage areas in the vicinity of the Port of Den Helder for products from biomass related activities such as seaweed and algae cultivation. The impact of several innovations that are soon expected in modern ports in the move to a Port 4.0 (comparable to industry 4.0) such as autonomous shipping and improved onshore logistics, is investigated. These innovations also will influence future development activities at the Port of Den Helder. This study also quantifies infrastructure requirements at the Port of Den Helder in terms of quaysides, warehouses and logistic spaces that are needed in order to participate in the growing offshore wind activities in the North Sea. Besides offshore wind, the development of other activities such as hydrogen production, biomass and seaweed cultivation is also described, and the possibility of the Port of Den Helder’s involvement in these sectors is investigated. Although there are plenty of business opportunities in the coming decades, it should be mentioned that this does not automatically lead to a guaranteed success for the Port of Den Helder. Other ports on the Dutch coast also have good facilities and an established track record (especially in the construction of offshore wind farms); and are seen as competitors to the Port of Den Helder in the offshore business. In order to be successful in the future growth of the offshore renewable energy sector, it is necessary that the Port of Den Helder positions itself as a strong contender by investing in the required infrastructure and technological innovations discussed in this study.. In 2nd edition of this report some editorial modifications have been applied. Draught has been changed to depth when it relates to the depth requirements of the harbour and figures TNO PUBLIEK 3 and 7, containing harbour area allocations, have been updated to the current situation. TNO PUBLIEK | TNO 2019 R11115 | Final report 3 / 71 Contents Summary .................................................................................................................. 2 List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................... 5 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 7 1.1 Applied methodology and content of the report ......................................................... 8 1.2 Roadmap Port of Den Helder .................................................................................... 9 1.3 Wind energy road map in the North Sea ................................................................. 12 1.4 Hydrogen landing, production and/or storage ......................................................... 15 1.5 Seaweed cultivation ................................................................................................. 16 1.6 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) ....................................................................... 16 1.7 Education and employment ..................................................................................... 16 2 Offshore wind O&M scenario development ........................................................ 17 2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 17 2.2 Modelling approach ................................................................................................. 17 2.3 Assumptions ............................................................................................................ 18 2.4 Development periods ............................................................................................... 19 2.5 Scenarios ................................................................................................................. 20 2.6 Vessels .................................................................................................................... 26 3 Offshore Wind O&M scenario evaluation ............................................................ 29 3.1 Reference Scenario: Is O&M of OWFs until 2026 beneficial from PoDH? .............. 29 3.2 Baseline Scenario: Estimation of PoDH infrastructure needs for the three development periods ............................................................................................... 30 3.3 Scenario 1: Impact of helicopters from Den Helder Airport on offshore wind O&M 35 3.4 Scenario 2: Impact of large offshore energy island to perform offshore wind O&M activities ................................................................................................................... 37 3.5 Scenario 3: Impact of automated shipping of wind turbine components on O&M costs ........................................................................................................................ 39 4 Hydrogen activities................................................................................................ 41 4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 41 4.2 Offshore production of green hydrogen ................................................................... 42 4.3 Onshore production of green hydrogen ................................................................... 43 4.4 Transmission of hydrogen to Gasunie grid .............................................................. 44 4.5 Utilisation of Hydrogen in (Port of) Den Helder ....................................................... 44 4.6 Impact and requirements for the Port of Den Helder ............................................... 45 5 Seaweed activities ................................................................................................. 47 6 Employment and education .................................................................................. 49 7 Conclusion and recommendations ...................................................................... 51 8 Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 55 9 Signature ................................................................................................................ 59 TNO PUBLIEK TNO PUBLIEK | TNO 2019 R11115 | Final report 4 / 71 Appendices A Workshops with project partners B Optimisation of O&M Strategy (an example) C RDS-PP taxonomy code D Fault type classes of all scenarios E Repair classes of baseline