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Boot Mode Considerations: BIOS Vs UEFI
Boot Mode Considerations: BIOS vs. UEFI An overview of differences between UEFI Boot Mode and traditional BIOS Boot Mode Dell Engineering June 2018 Revisions Date Description October 2017 Initial release June 2018 Added DHCP Server PXE configuration details. The information in this publication is provided “as is.” Dell Inc. makes no representations or warranties of any kind with respect to the information in this publication, and specifically disclaims implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Use, copying, and distribution of any software described in this publication requires an applicable software license. Copyright © 2017 Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries. All Rights Reserved. Dell, EMC, and other trademarks are trademarks of Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries. Other trademarks may be the property of their respective owners. Published in the USA [1/15/2020] [Deployment and Configuration Guide] [Document ID] Dell believes the information in this document is accurate as of its publication date. The information is subject to change without notice. 2 : BIOS vs. UEFI | Doc ID 20444677 | June 2018 Table of contents Revisions............................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................. -
UEFI PXE and Ipxe Alternative Approaches to PXE Booting
Installing ESXi Using PXE n gPXELINUX is a hybrid configuration that includes both PXELINUX and gPXE and supports booting from a Web server. gPXELINUX is part of the SYSLINUX package. If you use gPXELINUX to boot the ESXi installer, only the gpxelinux.0 binary file, mboot.c32, and the configuration file are transferred via TFTP. The remaining files are transferred via HTTP. HTTP is typically faster and more reliable than TFTP, especially for transferring large amounts of data on a heavily loaded network. NOTE VMware currently builds the mboot.c32 plugin to work with SYSLINUX version 3.86 and tests PXE booting only with that version. Other versions are likely to be incompatible. This is not a statement of limited support. For support of third-party agents that you use to set up your PXE booting infrastructure, contact the vendor. UEFI PXE and iPXE Most UEFI firmware natively includes PXE support that allows booting from a TFTP server. The firmware can directly load the ESXi boot loader for UEFI systems, mboot.efi. Additional software such as PXELINUX is not required. iPXE can also be useful for UEFI systems that do not include PXE in firmware and for older UEFI systems with bugs in their PXE support. For such cases you can try installing iPXE on a USB flash drive and booting from there. NOTE Apple Macintosh products do not include PXE boot support. They include support for network booting via an Apple-specific protocol instead. Alternative Approaches to PXE Booting Alternative approaches to PXE booting different software on different hosts are also possible, for example: n Configuring the DHCP server to provide different initial boot loader filenames to different hosts depending on MAC address or other criteria. -
Linux Based Live CD on Optical Disks
Pobrane z czasopisma Annales AI- Informatica http://ai.annales.umcs.pl Data: 26/09/2021 15:23:08 Annales UMCS Annales UMCS Informatica AI 5 (2006) 29-36 Informatica Lublin-Polonia Sectio AI http://www.annales.umcs.lublin.pl/ Linux based Live CD on optical disks 1 2* Michał Chromiak , Andrzej Góźdź 1Institute of Mathematics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M.Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland 2Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M.Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland Abstract We present an introduction to LiveCD system remastering based on a prospective UnionFS filesystem. 1. Introduction Regarding increasing popularity of the LiveCD distributions1 of a Linux system we compile the essential knowledge of how the LiveCD works (based on many rather scattered documents [1-8]) to facilitate preparation of the specialized distributions of systems based on this idea. We describe one of the most efficient ways of system architecture managing using UnionFS. All steps of the procedure were tested using laptops which have often more exotic hardware than desktopUMCS computers. The possibility of booting a PC from a CD/DVD ROM has raised several possibilities, including the most important one, namely, the possibility of running the required system or programs independently of the actual operational system, configuration, and resources of the PC. The self-configuring CD/DVD ROMs can be also useful for administrative purposes and as the rescue disks. The LiveCD distributions allow for cheap and effective use of the PCs as the special servers, routers and other active elements over the network. This idea of the LiveCD systems is based on the possibility opened by the El Torito extension to the standard ISO 9660 system and the Linux kernel capabilities. -
Vmware Esxi Installation and Setup
VMware ESXi Installation and Setup 02 APR 2020 Modified on 11 AUG 2020 VMware vSphere 7.0 VMware ESXi 7.0 VMware ESXi Installation and Setup You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware website at: https://docs.vmware.com/ VMware, Inc. 3401 Hillview Ave. Palo Alto, CA 94304 www.vmware.com © Copyright 2018-2020 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright and trademark information. VMware, Inc. 2 Contents 1 About VMware ESXi Installation and Setup 5 Updated Information 6 2 Introduction to vSphere Installation and Setup 7 3 Overview of the vSphere Installation and Setup Process 8 4 About ESXi Evaluation and Licensed Modes 11 5 Installing and Setting Up ESXi 12 ESXi Requirements 12 ESXi Hardware Requirements 12 Supported Remote Management Server Models and Firmware Versions 15 Recommendations for Enhanced ESXi Performance 15 Incoming and Outgoing Firewall Ports for ESXi Hosts 17 Required Free Space for System Logging 19 VMware Host Client System Requirements 20 ESXi Passwords and Account Lockout 20 Preparing for Installing ESXi 22 Download the ESXi Installer 22 Options for Installing ESXi 23 Media Options for Booting the ESXi Installer 24 Using Remote Management Applications 35 Customizing Installations with vSphere ESXi Image Builder 35 Required Information for ESXi Installation 74 Installing ESXi 75 Installing ESXi Interactively 75 Installing or Upgrading Hosts by Using a Script 79 PXE Booting the ESXi Installer 95 Installing ESXi Using vSphere Auto Deploy 102 Troubleshooting vSphere Auto Deploy 191 Setting Up ESXi 198 ESXi Autoconfiguration 198 About the Direct Console ESXi Interface 198 Enable ESXi Shell and SSH Access with the Direct Console User Interface 202 Managing ESXi Remotely 203 Set the Password for the Administrator Account 203 VMware, Inc. -
PXE Network Boot Methods
PXE network boot methods Luc Sarzyniec <[email protected]> 2013-02-21 Contents 1 Introduction to PXE boot 2 1.1 Boot over the network procedure . 2 1.2 The PXE specifications . 2 1.3 Network Bootstrap Programs . 2 1.4 Configure a specific NBP on DHCP server . 2 1.4.1 ISC DHCP server . 2 1.4.2 dhcpcd . 2 1.4.3 dnsmasq . 2 2 Network Bootstrap Programs 3 2.1 PXElinux . 3 2.2 GPXElinux . 3 2.3 iPXE . 4 2.4 GRUB2 disk . 5 2.5 Comparison of NBPs . 6 3 Install and configure NBPs 6 3.1 PXElinux/GPXElinux . 6 3.2 iPXE . 6 3.2.1 Boot a iPXE NBP from DHCP . 6 3.2.2 Create an iPXE ROM to be burned on a NIC's PROM 7 3.2.3 Load iPXE from GNU/GRUB . 7 3.3 GRUB2 disk . 9 4 Boot nodes following a node-specific profile 10 4.1 PXElinux/GPXElinux (core feature) . 10 4.2 iPXE (custom feature) . 11 4.3 GRUB2 disk (custom feature) . 12 1 5 Download and boot Operating System kernel 13 5.1 PXElinux . 13 5.2 GPXElinux . 14 5.3 iPXE . 14 5.4 GRUB2 disk . 15 6 Boot local Operating System (from hard disk) 16 6.1 chain.c32 COMBOOT . 16 6.1.1 PXElinux/GPXElinux . 16 6.1.2 iPXE . 16 6.2 GRUB2 disk . 17 7 Chaining NBPs 17 7.1 From PXElinux to GRUB2 disk . 18 7.2 From PXElinux to iPXE . 18 7.3 From iPXE to PXElinux . -
Netbooting Microsoft Windows 7 and XP
Netbooting Microsoft Windows 7 and XP Chris Holman∗ Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures, Technical Report 130226A Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, Australia [email protected] Abstract—This tutorial shows how to set up Microsoft and testing the Windows PE are detailed in Section VI. Windows 7 and XP to be booted using network attached Installing to the iSCSI drive is covered in Section VII. storage. iSCSI support is built in to a Windows 7 installer The report concludes with Section IX and an appendix. using the Windows 7 Automated Installation Kit. DHCP, an iSCSI server and a TFTP server are configured on the II. BACKGROUND server to provide a PXE client and an iSCSI target. Once A. DHCP set up, a client PC will be able to operate entirely without a local disk. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol’s (DHCP) [2] Index Terms—Windows 7, Windows XP, PXE, netboot- primary purpose is to assign IP addresses and other ing network configuration details to hosts. It is used in this tutorial for the purposes of providing network and PXE I. INTRODUCTION booting configuration details, including TFTP server PXE (“Preboot eXecution Environment”) [1] booting, settings and configuration filenames. or net booting, can be used to load an operating system B. TFTP over the network without using the local hard drive. While FreeBSD and Linux Operating Systems (OSes) Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) [3] is a simple support a number of different PXE boot methods (includ- protocol to transfer files. It is commonly used in PXE ing NFS, TFTP, HTTP, iSCSI and more), Windows only scenarios because of its simplicity. -
Vmware Esxi Installation and Setup
VMware ESXi Installation and Setup 17 APR 2018 VMware vSphere 6.7 VMware ESXi 6.7 VMware ESXi Installation and Setup You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware website at: https://docs.vmware.com/ If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to [email protected] VMware, Inc. 3401 Hillview Ave. Palo Alto, CA 94304 www.vmware.com Copyright © 2018 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright and trademark information. VMware, Inc. 2 Contents 1 About VMware ESXi Installation and Setup 4 2 Introduction to vSphere Installation and Setup 5 3 Overview of the vSphere Installation and Setup Process 6 4 About ESXi Evaluation and Licensed Modes 9 5 Installing and Setting Up ESXi 10 ESXi Requirements 10 Preparing for Installing ESXi 19 Installing ESXi 70 Setting Up ESXi 188 After You Install and Set Up ESXi 208 6 Troubleshooting ESXi Booting 212 Host Stops Unexpectedly at Bootup When Sharing a Boot Disk with Another Host 212 Host Fails to Boot After You Install ESXi in UEFI Mode 213 7 Decommission an ESXi Host 214 VMware, Inc. 3 About VMware ESXi Installation and Setup 1 VMware ESXi Installation and Setup describes how to install and configure VMware ESXi™. Intended Audience VMware ESXi Installation and Setup is intended for experienced administrators who want to install and configure ESXi. This information is written for experienced Windows or Linux system administrators who are familiar with virtual machine technology and data center operations. The information about using the Image Builder ® and VMware vSphere Auto Deploy™ is written for administrators who have experience with Microsoft ® PowerShell and VMware vSphere PowerCLI™. -
Mellanox PXE Remote Installation User Guide Rev 1.3
Mellanox PXE Remote Installation User Guide Rev 1.3 www.mellanox.com Mellanox Technologies Confidential Rev 1.3 Contents NOTE: THIS HARDWARE, SOFTWARE OR TEST SUITE PRODUCT (“PRODUCT(S)”) AND ITS RELATED DOCUMENTATION ARE PROVIDED BY MELLANOX TECHNOLOGIES “AS-IS” WITH ALL FAULTS OF ANY KIND AND SOLELY FOR THE PURPOSE OF AIDING THE CUSTOMER IN TESTING APPLICATIONS THAT USE THE PRODUCTS IN DESIGNATED SOLUTIONS. THE CUSTOMER'S MANUFACTURING TEST ENVIRONMENT HAS NOT MET THE STANDARDS SET BY MELLANOX TECHNOLOGIES TO FULLY QUALIFY THE PRODUCT(S) AND/OR THE SYSTEM USING IT. THEREFORE, MELLANOX TECHNOLOGIES CANNOT AND DOES NOT GUARANTEE OR WARRANT THAT THE PRODUCTS WILL OPERATE WITH THE HIGHEST QUALITY. ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL MELLANOX BE LIABLE TO CUSTOMER OR ANY THIRD PARTIES FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PAYMENT FOR PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY FROM THE USE OF THE PRODUCT(S) AND RELATED DOCUMENTATION EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. Mellanox Technologies, Inc. 350 Oakmead Parkway Suite 100 Sunnyvale, CA 94085 U.S.A. www.mellanox.com Tel: (408) 970-3400 Fax: (408) 970-3403 © Copyright 2012. Mellanox Technologies. All rights reserved. Mellanox®, BridgeX®, ConnectX®, CORE-Direct®, InfiniBridge®, InfiniHost®, InfiniScale®, PhyX®, SwitchX®, Virtual Protocol Interconnect® and Voltaire® are registered trademarks of Mellanox Technologies, Ltd. -
Acquisition and Analysis of Compromised Firmware
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Digital Investigation 12 (2015) S50eS60 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Digital Investigation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/diin DFRWS 2015 Europe Acquisition and analysis of compromised firmware using memory forensics * Johannes Stüttgen , Stefan Vomel,€ Michael Denzel Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany abstract Keywords: To a great degree, research in memory forensics concentrates on the acquisition and Memory forensics analysis of kernel- and user-space software from physical memory to date. With the sys- Memory acquisition tem firmware, a much more privileged software layer exists in modern computer systems Live forensics though that has recently become the target in sophisticated computer attacks more often. Firmware rootkits Compromise strategies used by high profile rootkits are almost completely invisible to Incident response standard forensic procedures and can only be detected with special soft- or hardware mechanisms. In this paper, we illustrate a variety of firmware manipulation techniques and propose methods for identifying firmware-level threats in the course of memory forensic investigations. We have implemented our insights into well-known open-source memory forensic tools and have evaluated our approach within both physical and virtual environments. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier -
Trenchboot DRTM Features for AMD Platforms
TrenchBoot DRTM features for AMD platforms Open Source Firmware Conference 2020 Piotr Król 1 / 27 whoami Piotr Król 3mdeb Founder coreboot contributor and maintainer 12yrs in business Conference speaker and organizer 6yrs in Open Source Firmware Trainer for military, government and C-level positions in industrial organizations Former Intel BIOS SW Engineer Open Source Firmware Conference 2020 CC BY | Piotr Król 2 / 27 Kudos NLNet Daniel P. Smith (Apertus Solutions) Andrew Cooper (Citrix) Amazing 3mdeb Embedded Firmware Team, especially: Michał Żygowski Krystian Hebel Norbert Kamiński Open Source Firmware Conference 2020 CC BY | Piotr Król 3 / 27 Goal Explain how TrenchBoot features can be leveraged on AMD- based platforms S-CRTM is challenging What is TrenchBoot and how it work What is Dasharo and how we use it to deploy TrenchBoot What operation improvements, security features and use cases modern OSF can provide for you Open Source Firmware Conference 2020 CC BY | Piotr Król 4 / 27 S-CRTM S-CRTM (Static-Code Root of Trust for Measurement) initial measurement established by static code component (e.g. SoC BootROM, read-only bootblock) this code is typically not updatable Commercial use cases (Silicon Vendor Security Technologies): Intel Boot Guard, AMD HVB, NXP HAB Intel/IBV/UEFI Secure Boot Microsoft BitLocker Open source use cases: coreboot+TrustedGRUB2, Dasharo+LUKS2 Problems requires reboot to reestablish trust requires NDA with SV and skilled personnel to perform task most hardware vendors do not implement it correctly not standardized -
Paper Is Organized As Follows
Bare-Metal Container --- Direct execution of a container image on a remote machine with an optimized kernel --- Kuniyasu Suzaki, Hidetaka Koie, Ryousei Takano National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology { k.suzaki | koie-hidetaka | takano-ryousei }@aist.go.jp Abstract— Container technology has become popular in HPC based on system-centric architecture which is led by providers applications because it offers easy customization and quick and does not allow changes to the kernel and its settings. execution. However, container technology does not allow kernel- level optimization. It does not allow changing a kernel as well as Even if a user wants to run a Docker image on a real or loading/unloading a kernel module, thus it prevents the virtual machine, it is not so easy because normal Docker image extraction of full performance on a target machine. In addition, does not have a Linux kernel and a bootloader. Although the container technology is designed for multi-tenancy and makes user can install these two components on a Docker image, it difficult to measure exact performance and power consumption will not boot on a real or virtual machine because it does not for an application on a target machine. offer a physical disk image and the bootloader cannot setup the Bare-Metal Container (BMC) solves these problems by a MBR (Master Boot Record). The user has to make a proper mechanism that offers a suitable kernel for a container image root file system on a physical or virtual disk and setup a and boots it on a remote physical machine. -
Cobbler Documentation Release 2.8.5
Cobbler Documentation Release 2.8.5 Jörgen Maas Nov 19, 2020 Contents 1 About 3 1.1 Release Notes.........................................3 1.2 Distribution Support......................................5 1.3 Distribution Notes.......................................7 1.4 How We Model Things..................................... 13 2 Installation 15 2.1 Prerequisites.......................................... 15 2.2 Installing from packages.................................... 16 2.3 Installing from Source..................................... 18 2.4 Configuration Files....................................... 20 2.5 Relocating your installation.................................. 21 3 General 23 3.1 Cobbler Primitives....................................... 23 3.2 Cobbler Direct Commands................................... 54 3.3 Cobbler Settings........................................ 69 3.4 Managing Services with Cobbler............................... 90 3.5 Kickstart Templating...................................... 94 3.6 Snippets............................................ 102 3.7 Package Management and Mirroring............................. 112 3.8 File System Information.................................... 114 4 Advanced 119 4.1 Advanced Networking..................................... 119 4.2 SELinux............................................ 122 4.3 Configuration Management.................................. 123 4.4 Extending cobbler....................................... 131 4.5 Power Management...................................... 135 4.6