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Drept Internațional Privat UNIVERSITATEA DE STAT DIN MOLDOVA Facultatea de Drept Departamentul Drept Internațional și European Violeta COJOCARU, Valeriu BABĂRĂ, Igor ȘEREMET DREPT INTERNAȚIONAL PRIVAT Note de curs (în scheme) Aprobat de Consiliul Calității al USM CHIȘINĂU, 2020 CEP USM CZU 341.9(075.8) C 61 Lucrarea a fost aprobată și recomandată pentru publicare de Departamentul Drept Internațional și European în ședința din 29 mai 2020, de Comisia pentru asigurarea calității a Facultății de Drept în ședința din 26 iunie 2020, de Consiliul Facultății de Drept în ședința din 29 iunie 2020 Autori: Violeta COJOCARU, doctor habilitat în drept, profesor universitar Valeriu BABĂRĂ, doctor în drept, conferențiar universitar Igor ȘEREMET, doctor în drept, lector universitar DESCRIEREA CIP A CAMEREI NAŢIONALE A CĂRŢII Cojocaru, Violeta. Drept internaţional privat: Note de curs (în scheme) / Violeta Cojocaru, Valeriu Babără, Igor Şeremet; Universitatea de Stat din Moldova, Facultatea de Drept, Departamentul Drept Internațional și European. – Chişinău: CEP USM, 2020. – 155 p.: scheme color. Referinţe bibliogr.: p. 141-154. – 50 ex. ISBN 978-9975-152-33-4. 341.9(075.8) C 61 ISBN 978-9975-152-33-4 © Violeta Cojocaru, Valeriu Babără, Igor Şeremet, 2020 © USM, 2020 CUPRINS ABREVIERI ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 PRELIMINARII .................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Tema 1. CONSIDERAŢII INTRODUCTIVE PRIVIND DREPTUL INTERNAŢIONAL PRIVAT .........................................................7 Tema 2. ASPECTE DE NATURĂ CONCEPTUALĂ PRIVIND DREPTUL INTERNAŢIONAL PRIVAT ............................................13 Tema 3. CATEGORIILE CONFLICTELOR DE LEGI ÎN DREPTUL INTERNAȚIONAL PRIVAT ................................................... 23 Tema 4. ISTORICUL APARIȚIEI ȘI DEZVOLTĂRII DREPTULUI INTERNAȚIONAL PRIVAT .................................................... 30 Tema 5. CALIFICAREA, CONFLICTUL DE CALIFICĂRI ȘI RETRIMITEREA ................................................................................ 35 Tema 6. CAZURILE DE ÎNLĂTURARE DE LA APLICARE A LEGII STRĂINE. ORDINEA PUBLICĂ ÎN DREPTUL INTERNAȚIONAL PRIVAT. FRAUDA LEGII ÎN DREPTUL INTERNAȚIONAL PRIVAT ................................................ 43 Tema 7. APLICAREA DREPTULUI STRĂIN ÎN CALITATE DE LEX CAUSAE ................................................................................ 50 Tema 8. PROBLEME DE DREPT INTERNAȚIONAL PRIVAT PRIVIND PERSOANA FIZICĂ. CONFLICTELE DE LEGI ÎN MATERIA STATUTULUI PERSONAL. REGIMUL JURIDIC AL STRĂINULUI PERSOANĂ FIZICĂ ............................. 55 Tema 9. PROBLEME DE DREPT INTERNAȚIONAL PRIVAT PRIVIND PERSOANA JURIDICĂ. CONFLICTELE DE LEGI ÎN MATERIA STATUTULUI ORGANIC. REGIMUL JURIDIC AL STRĂINULUI PERSOANĂ JURIDICĂ .......................... 63 Tema 10. CONFLICTELE DE LEGI ÎN MATERIA STATUTULUI REAL .......................................................................................... 69 Tema 11. CONFLICTELE DE LEGI CU PRIVIRE LA ACTELE JURIDICE ȘI FIDUCIA .................................................................. 78 Tema 12. CONFLICTELE DE LEGI PRIVIND OBLIGAȚIILE CONTRACTUALE ............................................................................ 82 Tema 13. CONFLICTELE DE LEGI PRIVIND OBLIGAȚIILE NECONTRACTUALE ........................................................................91 Tema 14. CONFLICTELE DE LEGI ÎN MATERIA SUCCESIUNII .................................................................................................. 103 Tema 15. CONFLICTELE DE LEGI ÎN DOMENIUL RAPORTURILOR DE FAMILIE .....................................................................111 Tema 16. COMPETENȚA ÎN DREPTUL INTERNAȚIONAL PRIVAT. PROCEDURA DE JUDECATĂ ÎN PROCESELE DE DREPT INTERNAȚIONAL PRIVAT .............................................................................................................................122 Tema 17. EFECTELE HOTĂRÂRILOR JUDECĂTOREȘTI STRĂINE ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA ............................................. 130 Tema 18. ARBITRAJUL INTERNAȚIONAL. EFECTELE HOTĂRÂRILOR ARBITRALE STRĂINE .............................................134 BIBLIOGRAFIE .................................................................................................................................................................................. 141 3 ABREVIERI alin. – alineat art. – articol Cap. – Capitol Convenția CSI – Convenția cu privire la asistența juridică și raporturile juridice în materie civilă, familială și penală între Statele membre ale Comunității Statelor Independente din 22.01.1993 CC al RM – Codul civil al Republicii Moldova CPC al RM – Codul de procedură civilă al Republicii Moldova CF al RM – Codul familiei al Republicii Moldova Conferința de la Haga de Drept Internațional Privat – Republica Moldova a acceptat Statutul adoptat la 31 octombrie 1951 prin Legea nr.229/2015, publicată în Monitorul Ofi cial al R. Moldova, nr.13-19, art.31 din 22.01.2016 lit. – literă M.O. – Monitorul Ofi cial al Republicii Moldova nr. – număr pct. – punct Regulamentul Roma I – Regulamentul (CE) nr.593/2008 privind legea aplicabilă obligațiilor contractuale Regulamentul Roma II – Regulamentul (CE) nr.864/2007 privind legea aplicabilă obligațiilor necontractuale Regulamentul Roma III – Regulamentul (UE) nr.1259/2010 de punere în aplicare a unei forme de cooperare în domeniul legii aplicabile divorțului și separării de corp Tratate internaționale privind raporturile de drept privat – Tratatele internaționale privind asistența juridică în materia raporturilor de familie, civile și penale, încheiate cu Federația Rusă, Ucraina, Letonia, Lituania, Azerbaidjan, România, Repu- blica Turcia, Republica Socialistă Cehoslovacă, Republica Populară Ungaria, Bosnia și Herțegovina vol. – volum 4 PRELIMINARII „Dreptul internațional privat” constituie o disciplină de sinteză, având ca obiect de studiu raporturile de drept privat cu element de extraneitate. La etapa actuală, datorită amplifi cării fără precedent a relațiilor internaționale la care este implicată Republica Moldova ca stat, precum și persoanele fi zice și juridice din Republica Moldova, studierea materiei dreptului internațional privat a devenit o problemă de necesitate practică, având în vedere că încheierea raporturilor juridice de drept internațional privat impune cunoașterea dreptului aplicabil în domeniu. Cu toate că procesul de uniformizare și cel de armonizare a legislației în diferite state a luat o amploare fără precedent, astfel încât riscul ca un anumit raport juridic cu element de extraneitate să fi e reglementat în mod diferit în legislația statelor care au vocația să i se aplice, este tot mai redus și mai puțin prezent. Dreptul internațional privat prin instituțiile sale specifi ce își menține utilitatea și actualitatea, constituindu-se într-un instrument deosebit de prețios în vederea asigurării și promovării circuitului mondial de valori materiale și spirituale. Interesul sporit, deschiderea și preocupările pentru soluții fl exibile în dreptul internațional privat, determinate de intensifi carea și diversifi carea relațiilor internaționale, sunt evidente. Aceste considerente au impus necesitatea studierii disciplinei care să permită aprofundarea studenților în materia dreptului internațional privat și să refl ecte competențele specifi ce. Notele de curs în scheme, elaborate pentru cursul universitar „Drept internațional privat”, reprezintă o lucrare metodico-didac- tică cu caracter complementar, având la bază Curriculumul disciplinei, care are menirea de a facilita procesul de studiere a Dreptului internațional privat la Ciclul I, fi ind un suport suplimentar și la manualele existente în domeniu. În lucrare sunt redate, în formă comodă schematică, principalele instituții ale dreptului internațional privat prin prisma regle- mentării raporturilor juridice de drept civil, în sens larg, cu elemente de extraneitate, făcându-se, în același timp, și dese referiri la legislație, jurisprudență și doctrină. Notele de curs servesc la însușirea și sistematizarea cunoștințelor căpătate în procesul de studiere a disciplinei, precum și pentru repetarea materiei în cel mai scurt termen în cadrul pregătirii pentru susținerea examenului și, respectiv, contribuie la formularea unui plan aproximativ al răspunsului la evaluarea fi nală. Astfel, obiectul de studiu este structurat în două părți. Partea generală a disciplinei cuprinde aspecte de natură conceptuală în materie, natura juridică, domeniul, conținutul, meto- dele de reglementare a raporturilor de drept internațional privat, istoricul și izvoarele dreptului internațional privat. Totodată, partea generală este consacrată și problemelor privind confl ictele în raporturile juridice de drept internațional privat, constând în cercetarea 5 raționamentului juridic care permite determinarea sistemului de drept aplicabil unui raport juridic cu element de extraneitate prin parcurgerea succesivă a următoarelor etape: a) determinarea, prin intermediul califi cării, a normei confl ictuale aplicabile; b) soluți- onarea confl ictului de norme confl ictuale și identifi carea, atunci când este cazul, a retrimiterii; c) aplicarea legii străine în calitate de lex causae; d) înlăturarea de la aplicare a legii străine, în cazul când aceasta încalcă ordinea publică de drept internațional
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