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Smartgrid-Lecture5

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Smartgrid-Lecture5 SMART GRID 1 Shahram Javadi Assistant Professor Electrical Eng. Department 2 3 The communication infrastructure of a power system typically consists of SCADA systems with dedicated communication channels to and from the System Control Centre and a Wide Area Network (WAN) The SCADA systems connect all the major power system operational facilities, that is, the central generating stations, the transmission grid substations and the primary distribution substations to the System Control Centre. The WAN is used for corporate business and market operations. These form the core communication networks of the traditional power system. In the Smart Grid, it is expected that these two elements of communication infrastructure will merge into a Utility WAN. 4 An essential development of the Smart Grid is to extend communication throughout the distribution system Smart Meter NAN HAN Neighborhood Area Networks Home Area Networks (HANs) 5 POSSIBLE COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE SMART GRID 6 TECHNOLOGIES USED IN DIFFERENT SUB-NETWORKS The various communication sub-networks that will make up the Smart Grid employ different technologies and a key challenge is how they can be integrated effectively. In this chapter, communication technologies that are associated with the lower three layers of the ISO/OSI reference model are discussed. In the ISO/OSI reference model, the upper layers deal with Applications of the data irrespective of its actual delivery mechanism while the lower layers look after delivery of information irrespective of its Application 7 COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES 1. IEEE 802 series I. Ethernet II. Wireless LANs III. Bluetooth IV. ZigBee and 6LoWPAN V. WiMax 2. Mobile communications 3. Multi protocol label switching 4. Power line communication 8 IEEE 802 SERIES • IEEE 802 is a family of standards that were developed to support Local Area Networks (LANs) • For the Smart Grid, IEEE 802 standards are applicable to LANs in SCADA systems, NANs around the distribution networks and HANs in consumers’ premises. 9 DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES SPECIFIED UNDER IEEE 802 10 IEEE 802 wireless network technology options Network definition IEEE standard Known as Wireless personal area IEEE 802.15.1 Bluetooth network (WPAN) Low-rate WPAN (LR-WPAN) IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee Wireless local area network (WLAN) IEEE 802.11 WiFi Wireless metroplitan area network (WMAN) IEEE 802.16 WiMAX 11 IEEE 802 standardisation framework 802.1 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) Manage- ment 802.3 802.5 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) MAC MAC CSMA/CA 802.3 802.5 802.11 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY CSMA/CD Toke n CSMA/CA (Wireless LAN) (Ethernet) Ring 12 IEEE 802 ARCHITECTURE 13 Ethernet The most widely used network technology for wired LANs Simple Ease of maintenance Ability to incorporate new technologies Reliability Low cost of installation Easy to upgrade frame-based communication technology that is based on IEEE 802.3 14 Ethernet Its baseband is defined in a number of standards such as 10BASE5,10BASE2, 10BASE-T, 1BASE5, 100BASE-T 10BASE2 data rate in Mbps maximum length of the cable and type of the cable 15 ETHERNET STANDARDS AND THEIR COVERAGE 16 DATA TRANSMISSION DEVICES FOR ETHERNETS An Ethernet LAN consists of all or some of the devices shown in below: 17 TRANSMISSION PATH OF A REPEATER 18 TRANSMISSION PATH OF A HUB 19 TRANSMISSION PATH OF A SWITCH 20 A TYPICAL ETHERNET LAN Ethernet uses a shared medium where more than one device tries to use the common medium. 21 Wireless LANs IEEE 802.11 describes the Wireless LAN (WLAN) standard Wireless LANs consist of the following components: 1. Station 2. Access points (AP) 3. Distribution system (DS) 22 BSS ARCHITECTURES OF WIRELESS LANS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 23 IEEE 802.11 WLAN APPLICATION IN THE SMART GRID 24 Bluetooth Bluetooth, defined by IEEE standard 802.15.1, is a wireless LAN technology designed to connect mobile or fixed devices using low-power, short-distance radio transmission. Classic version: Bluetooth 3.0+HS Low-energy version: Bluetooth 4.0 25 ZigBee and 6LoWPAN This is a low data rate wireless networking standard Currently this standard is the most popular protocol for a Wireless Public Area Networks (WPAN) due to its . low power consumption . high flexibility in networking . and low cost It creates an ad-hoc self-organising network by interconnecting fixed, portable and moving devices 26 PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE OF ZIGBEE The lower two layers are defined by IEEE 802.15.4 standards A ZigBee device can be a Full Function Device (FFD) or a Reduced Function Device (RFD) A network will have at least one FFD, operating as the WPAN coordinator 27 ZIGBEE The FFD can operate in three modes: . a coordinator, . a router or . an end device. An RFD can operate only as an end device. 28 ZIGBEE NETWORK ARCHITECTURES ZigBee networks can have star, mesh or cluster tree architecture 29 6LOWPAN NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 6LoWPAN is a protocol which enables IPv6 packets to be carried over low power WPAN 30 COMMUNICATION OVER A 6LOWPAN NETWORK . When an RFD in a 6LoWPAN wants to send a data packet to an IP-enabled device outside the 6LoWPAN domain, it first sends the packet to an FFD in the same WPAN 31 ZIGBEE COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR SMART METERING 32 WIMAX NETWORK Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) is a wireless technology which conforms with the IEEE 802.16 standard It provides both fixed and mobile connectivity using a technique called Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). 33 MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS Mobile communication systems were designed initially to carry voice only. Standard: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). Add on data service to GSM technology: (GPRS) (General Packet Radio Service) GPRS uses the existing GSM network and adds two new packet-switching network elements: . GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) . SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) 34 MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP): A common project in 1998: . The European Telecommunications Standards Institute . The Association of Radio Industries and Businesses/Telecommunication Technology Committee of Japan . The China Communications Standards Association . The Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (North America) . The Telecommunications Technology Association (South Korea) The project was built on data communication rather than voice 35 MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS EVOLUTION OF THE 3GPP FAMILY LTE is a competing technology to WiMax and supports user mobility up to 350 km/h, coverage up to 100 km, channel bandwidth up to 100 MHz with spectral efficiency of the Downlink 30 bps/Hz and the Uplink 15 bps/Hz 36 MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS PEAK DATA RATES OF THE 3GPP FAMILY 37 MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS LTE CONNECTING TO LEGACY NETWORKS 38 MULTI PROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a packet forwarding technique capable of providing a Virtual Private Network (VPN) service to users over public networks or the internet VPN provides the high quality of service and security required by Applications such as that associated with critical assets Some anticipated Applications of point-to-point VPNs based on MPLS include Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) networks and backbone network to the System Control Centre 39 MPLS PACKET 40 POWER LINE COMMUNICATION IEEE P1901: . a standard for high speed (> 100 Mbps at the physical layer) communication devices via electric power lines . The in-home and access protocol under IEEE P1901 will support MAC layer and Physical layers that use orthogonal frequency multiplexing (OFDM). HomePlug: . HomePlug is a non-standardized broadband technology specified by the HomePlug Powerline Alliance, whose members are major companies in communication equipment manufacturing and in the power industry. 41 STANDARDS FOR INFORMATION EXCHANGE Standards for smart metering Modbus DNP3 IEC 61850 42 STANDARDS FOR INFORMATION EXCHANGE Standards for smart metering: . Automated meter reading (AMR): requires only occasional transmission of recorded energy data (perhaps once a month) . Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI): requires frequent bi- directional communication (perhaps every 30 minutes) . IEC 62056 and ANSI C12.22 are two sets of standards that describe open communication systems for smart meters Basic ANSI C12.22 smart metering architecture 43 STANDARDS FOR INFORMATION EXCHANGE Modbus . Modbus is a messaging protocol in the Application layer and provides communication between devices connected over several buses and networks Modbus protocol 44 DNP3: . DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol) is a set of communication protocols developed for communications between various types of data acquisition and control equipment . It plays a crucial role in SCADA systems, where it is used by Control Centres, RTUs and IEDs DNP protocol 45 IEC 61850: . IEC 61850 is an open standard for Ethernet communication within substations . It is a function-based standard which ensures interoperability of substation equipment 46 STRUCTURE OF THE STANDARD IEC 61850[9] 47 IEC 61850 DATA STRUCTURE 48 Thank you! 49 .
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