Pine Butte, MT Legacy Journey
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Distribution and Population Characteristics of Mule Deer Along
Distribution and population characteristics of mule deer along the East Front, northcentral Montana by Wayne Frederick Kasworm A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Fish and Wildlife Management Montana State University © Copyright by Wayne Frederick Kasworm (1981) Abstract: This study was conducted from June 1979 to September 1980 on the Rocky Mountain East Front of northcentral Montana. It was the first phase of a 2 part investigation designed to provide quantitative baseline information on mule deer seasonal distribution, movements, population status and trend, and habitat usage on a representative portion of the East Front subject to oil and gas development. Areas used by deer during average and severe winters remained relatively constant during the last 3 years. Deer displayed a high degree of fidelity to seasonal ranges. On this basis, 6 essentially independent populations were delineated by winter range origin. Movement to summer home ranges appeared rapid and direct via distinct migration corridors. Summer distribution indicated that 3 subpopulations could be delineated for each winter range. Mean summer home range size for females was larger in 1979 (7.2 km^2) than 1980 (2.7 km^2). Fall transitional ranges were identified. The pattern of transitional range use appeared to concentrate deer from 1 of the 3 subpopulations during hunting season. Age distribution of a sample of 69 deer indicated an adult population structure of 26% males and 74% females. Poor representation of the 1 1/2, 2 1/2, and 6 1/2-year-old age-classes was noted. -
Rocky Mountain Front Conservation Area Expansion
Land Protection Plan Rocky Mountain Front Conservation Area Expansion February 2011 Prepared by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge Complex 922 Bootlegger Trail Great Falls, Montana 59404-6133 406 / 727 7400 http://www.fws.gov/bentonlake and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 6, Division of Refuge Planning P. O. Box 25486 DFC Denver, Colorado 80225 303 / 236 4378 303 / 236 4792 fax http://mountain-prairie.fws.gov/planning/lpp.htm CITATION U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011. Land Protection Plan, Rocky Mountain Front Conservation Area. Lakewood, Colorado: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Mountain-Prairie Region. 70p. In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service policy, a land protection plan has been prepared to analyze the effects of expanding the Rocky Mountain Front Conservation Area in western Montana. ■ The Rocky Mountain Front Conservation Area Expansion Land Protection Plan describes the priorities for acquiring up to an additional 125,000 acres in conservation easements within an expanded project boundary of 918,600 acres. Note: Information contained in the maps within this document is approximate and does not represent a legal survey. Ownership information may not be complete Contents Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................................. iii 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................. -
Physical Geography of Southeast Asia
Physical Geography of Southeast Asia Creating an Annotated Sketch Map of Southeast Asia By Michelle Crane Teacher Consultant for the Texas Alliance for Geographic Education Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 Guiding Question (5 min.) . What processes are responsible for the creation and distribution of the landforms and climates found in Southeast Asia? Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 2 Draw a sketch map (10 min.) . This should be a general sketch . do not try to make your map exactly match the book. Just draw the outline of the region . do not add any features at this time. Use a regular pencil first, so you can erase. Once you are done, trace over it with a black colored pencil. Leave a 1” border around your page. Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 3 Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 4 Looking at your outline map, what two landforms do you see that seem to dominate this region? Predict how these two landforms would affect the people who live in this region? Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 5 Peninsulas & Islands . Mainland SE Asia consists of . Insular SE Asia consists of two large peninsulas thousands of islands . Malay Peninsula . Label these islands in black: . Indochina Peninsula . Sumatra . Label these peninsulas in . Java brown . Sulawesi (Celebes) . Borneo (Kalimantan) . Luzon Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 6 Draw a line on your map to indicate the division between insular and mainland SE Asia. -
Research Natural Areas on National Forest System Lands in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, and Western Wyoming: a Guidebook for Scientists, Managers, and Educators
USDA United States Department of Agriculture Research Natural Areas on Forest Service National Forest System Lands Rocky Mountain Research Station in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, General Technical Report RMRS-CTR-69 Utah, and Western Wyoming: February 2001 A Guidebook for Scientists, Managers, and E'ducators Angela G. Evenden Melinda Moeur J. Stephen Shelly Shannon F. Kimball Charles A. Wellner Abstract Evenden, Angela G.; Moeur, Melinda; Shelly, J. Stephen; Kimball, Shannon F.; Wellner, Charles A. 2001. Research Natural Areas on National Forest System Lands in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, and Western Wyoming: A Guidebook for Scientists, Managers, and Educators. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-69. Ogden, UT: U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 84 p. This guidebook is intended to familiarize land resource managers, scientists, educators, and others with Research Natural Areas (RNAs) managed by the USDA Forest Service in the Northern Rocky Mountains and lntermountain West. This guidebook facilitates broader recognitionand use of these valuable natural areas by describing the RNA network, past and current research and monitoring, management, and how to use RNAs. About The Authors Angela G. Evenden is biological inventory and monitoring project leader with the National Park Service -NorthernColorado Plateau Network in Moab, UT. She was formerly the Natural Areas Program Manager for the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Northern Region and lntermountain Region of the USDA Forest Service. Melinda Moeur is Research Forester with the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain ResearchStation in Moscow, ID, and one of four Research Natural Areas Coordinators from the Rocky Mountain Research Station. J. Stephen Shelly is Regional Botanist and Research Natural Areas Coordinator with the USDA Forest Service, Northern Region Headquarters Office in Missoula, MT. -
Denudation History and Internal Structure of the Front Range and Wet Mountains, Colorado, Based on Apatite-Fission-Track Thermoc
NEW MEXICO BUREAU OF GEOLOGY & MINERAL RESOURCES, BULLETIN 160, 2004 41 Denudation history and internal structure of the Front Range and Wet Mountains, Colorado, based on apatitefissiontrack thermochronology 1 2 1Department of Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801Shari A. Kelley and Charles E. Chapin 2New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801 Abstract An apatite fissiontrack (AFT) partial annealing zone (PAZ) that developed during Late Cretaceous time provides a structural datum for addressing questions concerning the timing and magnitude of denudation, as well as the structural style of Laramide deformation, in the Front Range and Wet Mountains of Colorado. AFT cooling ages are also used to estimate the magnitude and sense of dis placement across faults and to differentiate between exhumation and faultgenerated topography. AFT ages at low elevationX along the eastern margin of the southern Front Range between Golden and Colorado Springs are from 100 to 270 Ma, and the mean track lengths are short (10–12.5 µm). Old AFT ages (> 100 Ma) are also found along the western margin of the Front Range along the Elkhorn thrust fault. In contrast AFT ages of 45–75 Ma and relatively long mean track lengths (12.5–14 µm) are common in the interior of the range. The AFT ages generally decrease across northwesttrending faults toward the center of the range. The base of a fossil PAZ, which separates AFT cooling ages of 45– 70 Ma at low elevations from AFT ages > 100 Ma at higher elevations, is exposed on the south side of Pikes Peak, on Mt. -
Development of the Rocky Mountain Foreland Basin: Combined Structural
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2007 DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FORELAND BASIN: COMBINED STRUCTURAL, MINERALOGICAL, AND GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BASIN EVOLUTION, ROCKY MOUNTAIN THRUST FRONT, NORTHWEST MONTANA Emily Geraghty Ward The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Ward, Emily Geraghty, "DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FORELAND BASIN: COMBINED STRUCTURAL, MINERALOGICAL, AND GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BASIN EVOLUTION, ROCKY MOUNTAIN THRUST FRONT, NORTHWEST MONTANA" (2007). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 1234. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1234 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FORELAND BASIN: COMBINED STRUCTURAL, MINERALOGICAL, AND GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BASIN EVOLUTION ROCKY MOUNTAIN THRUST FRONT, NORTHWEST MONTANA By Emily M. Geraghty Ward B.A., Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, 1999 M.S., Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 2002 Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geology The University of Montana Missoula, MT Spring 2007 Approved by: Dr. David A. Strobel, Dean Graduate School James W. Sears, Chair Department of Geosciences Julia A. Baldwin Department of Geosciences Marc S. Hendrix Department of Geosciences Steven D. -
Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms
Title 430 – National Soil Survey Handbook Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms Subpart A – General Information 629.0 Definition and Purpose This glossary provides the NCSS soil survey program, soil scientists, and natural resource specialists with landform, geologic, and related terms and their definitions to— (1) Improve soil landscape description with a standard, single source landform and geologic glossary. (2) Enhance geomorphic content and clarity of soil map unit descriptions by use of accurate, defined terms. (3) Establish consistent geomorphic term usage in soil science and the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). (4) Provide standard geomorphic definitions for databases and soil survey technical publications. (5) Train soil scientists and related professionals in soils as landscape and geomorphic entities. 629.1 Responsibilities This glossary serves as the official NCSS reference for landform, geologic, and related terms. The staff of the National Soil Survey Center, located in Lincoln, NE, is responsible for maintaining and updating this glossary. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. The American Geologic Institute (AGI) granted the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) permission (in letters dated September 11, 1985, and September 22, 1993) to use existing definitions. Sources of, and modifications to, original definitions are explained immediately below. 629.2 Definitions A. Reference Codes Sources from which definitions were taken, whole or in part, are identified by a code (e.g., GG) following each definition. -
Owyhee High Plateau Major Land Resource Area (MLRA)
MLRA 25 – Owyhee High Plateau (Utah portion) MLRA 25 – Owyhee High Plateau (Utah portion) Ecological Zone Upland Mountain High Mountain Subalpine Precipitation (inches) 12-17 inches 16-22 inches 16-22 inches 20-27 inches Elevation 5,000 -7,000 6,000 – 8,600 8,000-9,000 9,000 - 9,300 Soil Moisture Regime Typic Xeric Typic Xeric Typic Xeric Udic Soil Temp Regime Mesic Frigid Cryic Cryic Freeze free Days 80-120 60 - 90 30 - 40 20 -35 Mountain mahogany, Sagebrushes and Mountain big Aspen, Mountain big Subalpine Fir, browse Notes sagebrush sagebrush Subalpine sagebrush 300 – 500 and 1,100-2,100 and 2,400-2,500 lbs/ac 800 – 1000 lbs.ac 400-600 lbs/ac All values in this table are approximate and should be used as guidelines. Different combinations of temperature, precipitation and soil type can place an ecological site into different zones. Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) D25 D25 - Owyhee High Plateau E47A - and Ui D28A 030 60 120 Miles Great Salt 1:3,000,000 Lake Area 25—Owyhee High Plateau This area is in Nevada (52 percent),Idaho (29 percent), Oregon (16 percent), and Utah (3 percent). It makes up about 28,930 square miles (74,960 square kilometers). The city of Elko, Nevada, which is along Interstate 80, occurs in this MLRA. The Humboldt-Toiyabe and Sawtooth National Forests and numerous wilderness study areas also occur in this MLRA. Most of the wilderness study areas are in the high desert canyon lands of southern Idaho. The Duck Valley, South Fork, Ruby Valley, and Te-Moak Indian Reservations are in this area. -
Geology and Hydrology, Front Range Urban Corridor, Colorado
Bibliography and Index of Geology and Hydrology, Front Range Urban Corridor, Colorado By FELICIE CHRONIC and JOHN CHRONIC GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1306 Bibliographic citations for more than 1,800 indexed reports, theses, and open-file releases concerning one of the Nation's most rapidly growing areas UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1974 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 74-600045 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D. C. 20402- Price $1.15 (paper cover) Stock Number 2401-02545 PREFACE This bibliography is intended for persons wishing geological information about the Front Range Urban Corridor. It was compiled at the University of Colorado, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, and is based primarily on references in the Petroleum Research Microfilm Library of the Rocky Mountain Region. Extensive use was made also of U.S. Geological Survey and American Geological Institute bibliographies, as well as those of the Colorado Geological Survey. Most of the material listed was published or completed before July 1, 1972; references to some later articles, as well as to a few which were not found in the first search, are appended at the end of the alphabetical listing. This bibliography may include more references than some users feel are warranted, but the authors felt that the greatest value to the user would result from a comprehensive rather than a selective listing. Hence, we decided to include the most significant synthesizing articles and books in order to give a broad picture of the geology of the Front Range Urban Corridor, and to include also some articles which deal with geology of areas adjacent to, and probably pertinent to, the corridor. -
Home-Range and Habitat Selection by Adult Cougars in Southern California
HOME-RANGE AND HABITAT SELECTION BY ADULT COUGARS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BRETT G. DICKSON,1,2School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA PAUL BEIER, School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA Abstract:Understanding the impact of habitat fragmentation, roads, and other anthropogenic influences on cougars (Puma concolor) requires quantitative assessment of habitat selection at multiple scales. We calculated annu- al and multiyear home ranges using a fixed-kernel (FK) estimator of home range for 13adult female and 2adult male radiotagged cougars that were monitored October 1986through December 1992in the Santa Ana Mountain Range of southern California, USA. Using compositional analysis, we assessed diurnal use of vegetation types and areas near roads at 2orders of selection (second- and third-order; Johnson 1980). Mean annual and multiyear 85% FK home ranges for males were larger than those reported by previous studies in California. Mean wet-season 85% FK home ranges were significantly larger than those of the dry season. At both scales of selection and across sea- sons, cougars preferred riparian habitats and avoided human-dominated habitats. Grasslands were the most avoid- ed natural vegetation type at both scales of selection. Although cougar home ranges tended to be located away from high- and low-speed 2-lane paved roads (second-order avoidance), cougars did not avoid roads within their home range, especially when roads were in preferred riparian areas. Protection of habitat mosaics that include unroaded riparian areas is critical to the conservation of this cougar population. JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 6640):1235–1245 Key words:California, compositional analysis, cougar, fixed-kernel home range, habitat selection, home range, Puma concolor, riparian, roads, scale, vegetation. -
A Guide to the Geology of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
A Guide to the Geology of ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK COLORADO For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 15 cents A Guide to the Geology of ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK [ COLORADO ] By Carroll H. Wegemann Former Regional Geologist, National Park Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE . NEWTON B. DRURY, Director UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1944 Table of Contents PAGE INTRODUCTION in BASIC FACTS ON GEOLOGY 1 THE OLDEST ROCKS OF THE PARK 2 THE FIRST MOUNTAINS 3 The Destruction of the First Mountains 3 NATURE OF PALEOZOIC DEPOSITS INDICATES PRESENCE OF SECOND MOUNTAINS 4 THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS 4 Time and Form of the Mountain Folding 5 Erosion Followed by Regional Uplift 5 Evidences of Intermittent Uplift 8 THE GREAT ICE AGE 10 Continental Glaciers 11 Valley Glaciers 11 POINTS OF INTEREST ALONG PARK ROADS 15 ROAD LOGS 18 Thompson River Entrance to Deer Ridge Junction 18 Deer Ridge Junction to Fall River Pass via Fall River .... 20 Fall River Pass to Poudre Lakes 23 Trail Ridge Road between Fall River Pass and Deer Ridge Junction 24 Deer Ridge Junction to Fall River Entrance via Horseshoe Park 29 Bear Lake Road 29 ILLUSTRATIONS LONGS PEAK FROM BEAR LAKE Front and back covers CHASM FALLS Inside back cover FIGURE PAGE 1. GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE iv 2. LONGS PEAK FROM THE EAST 3 3. PROFILE SECTION ACROSS THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS 5 4. ANCIENT EROSIONAL PLAIN ON TRAIL RIDGE 6 5. ANCIENT EROSIONAL PLAIN FROM FLATTOP MOUNTAIN ... 7 6. VIEW NORTHWEST FROM LONGS PEAK 8 7. -
The Rocky Mountain Front, Southwestern USA
The Rocky Mountain Front, southwestern USA Charles E. Chapin, Shari A. Kelley, and Steven M. Cather New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA ABSTRACT northeast-trending faults cross the Front thrust in southwest Wyoming and northern Range–Denver Basin boundary. However, Utah. A remarkable attribute of the RMF is The Rocky Mountain Front (RMF) trends several features changed from south to north that it maintained its position through multi- north-south near long 105°W for ~1500 km across the CMB. (1) The axis of the Denver ple orogenies and changes in orientation from near the U.S.-Mexico border to south- Basin was defl ected ~60 km to the north- and strength of tectonic stresses. During the ern Wyoming. This long, straight, persistent east. (2) The trend of the RMF changed from Laramide orogeny, the RMF marked a tec- structural boundary originated between 1.4 north–northwest to north. (3) Structural tonic boundary beyond which major contrac- and 1.1 Ga in the Mesoproterozoic. It cuts style of the Front Range–Denver Basin mar- tional partitioning of the Cordilleran fore- the 1.4 Ga Granite-Rhyolite Province and gin changed from northeast-vergent thrusts land was unable to penetrate. However, the was intruded by the shallow-level alkaline to northeast-dipping, high-angle reverse nature of the lithospheric fl aw that underlies granitic batholith of Pikes Peak (1.09 Ga) faults. (4) Early Laramide uplift north of the RMF is an unanswered question. in central Colorado.