DOCSLIB.ORG

1-Hydroxyanthraquinone: Activity in Paracoccus Denitrificans And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1-Hydroxyanthraquinone: Activity in Paracoccus Denitrificans And 1-Hydroxyanthraquinone: Activity in Paracoccus denitrificans and potential application for biomass reduction in wastewater treatment facilities A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University By Lynn Ann Arlauskas-Dekleva In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2007 ii Dedication This work is dedicated to the memory of my mother, Florence Arlauskas. She always felt that an education was the key to achieving your full potential and strongly supported my pursuits in both my undergraduate and graduate education. My mother and friend- this one is for you! iii Acknowledgments This work is the result of a great many people who dedicated their time and effort to support my goal. Over the years, I have relied heavily on the advice and encouragement of my advisor, Dr. Michael Gealt. His patience, guidance and support enabled me to persevere and finally complete this body of work. I also wish to thank my other committee members; Dr. Charles Haas, Dr. Susan Kilham, Dr. Irene Legiec and Dr. Raj Mutharasan for their time and valuable suggestions that helped direct and enrich this work. I appreciate the many hours you dedicated to reviewing and discussing the issues and wish to thank you for all of your suggestions. This research is an extension of the pioneering work by Dr. Martin Odom who provided valuable guidance on the use of this compound in denitrifying systems. Martin provided priceless assistance and free access to both his laboratory and personnel. I wish to thank Martin‘s laboratory associates, Eva Nagel, JoAnn Payne, and Jolanta Wilczek who assisted in the setup and analysis of the initial laboratory investigations and welcomed me into their laboratory. The DuPont company wastewater expert, Robert Reich, provided valuable information on industrial wastewater treatment facilities and insight into the potential and limitations associated with the implementation of the uncoupler technology in an industrial setting. His vast knowledge and hands-on experience were critical to the success of this program and I truly enjoyed the numerous and sometimes lengthy interactions. I wish to thank the head of the wastewater laboratory, Marge Ventura, and iv her laboratory associates. They provided a wealth of information and support especially in the setup and maintenance of the wastewater reactors and gracefully looked the other way during the numerous midnight acquisitions. I wish to thank Dr. Lisa Laffend for all her help and support. Lisa served as a member of my committee for my Candidacy exam and supported this work through its completion. Lisa‘s support as a colleague and friend was invaluable. She was always available for discussions on recent laboratory results, provided valuable guidance on the continuous reactor experiments and encouraged me to continue when things go tough. Thanks to Lisa‘s laboratory associates, Keith Burlew and Keith Cantera, for their guidance and assistance with the setup and running of the continuous reactor. I wish to acknowledge Dr. John Gannon, Dr. Ning Wang and Patrick Folsom for allowing free and unrestricted access to the respirometer, known affectionately as ―Ralph‖, and the laboratory facilities at the DuPont Glasgow site. The aerobic studies in this work could not have been possible without their support. I wish to acknowledge the assistance of many individuals who were called on numerous times for their input, guidance and support. Steve Constable who provided information on biosolids production and disposal costs; Dr. Barabara Larsen and Beth Fenner for analytical information, analysis and support; Dr. David Short and Sid Bledsoe for their help with the continuous reactor studies; Reggie Corbitt and Stan Miller for providing information on the operation of the Little Rock Wastewater Treatment facility; Jim Hobsetter for access to information on municipal waste treatment facilities; my management, Dr. David Griffith, Dr. David Short, Dr. Julie Rakestraw, Dr. John Gannon v and Dr. Michael Hennessey for their support of my graduate education; my first DuPont supervisor, Dr. Dale Peterson, who saw and encouraged my questioning nature; and Dr. Henn Kilkson who identified the engineer deep inside my soul. Henn‘s encouragement of my graduate education was unwavering although it initially began in the Biological Sciences. Last but not least, I wish to thank and acknowledge the role of my family. My husband, Mark Dekleva and children Tyler and Garrison have always supported and encouraged my educational pursuits. They stood by during long sessions at the laboratory and laptop knowing how much this work meant to me. This degree is as much mine as theirs; I truly couldn‘t have done it without their love and support. Thanks boys!!! vi Table of Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures .................................................................................................................... xi Abstract ............................................................................................................................ xiii Chapter 1 Problem Description ........................................................................................ 1 References ....................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2 Effect of Chemical Uncouplers on Microbial Respiration and Biomass Production: Implications for their use in Wastewater Treatment Facilities ...................... 8 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 8 Respiration .................................................................................................................... 10 Denitrification ............................................................................................................... 16 The Process of ATP Synthesis and Its Uncoupling ...................................................... 20 Application of Chemical Uncouplers to Activated Sludge Processes .......................... 29 References ..................................................................................................................... 36 Chapter 3 The activity of 1-hydroxyanthraquinone on anaerobic respiration in Paracoccus denitrificans....................................................................................................................... 49 Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 49 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 49 Materials and Methods .................................................................................................. 57 Organism and Growth Conditions ............................................................................. 57 Chemicals and Stock Solutions ................................................................................. 58 Experimental Procedures ........................................................................................... 59 Results and Discussion .................................................................................................. 61 Comparison of 1-Hydroxyanthraquinone with respiratory inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation on denitrifying cultures of Paracoccus denitrificans .. 61 vii Effect of 1-Hydroxyanthraquinone, 9,10-Anthraquinone and 2,4-Dinitrophenol on anaerobic cultures of Paracoccus denitrificans using nitrate or nitrite as the terminal electron acceptor ........................................................................................................ 67 References ..................................................................................................................... 79 Chapter 4 Effect of 1-hydroxyanthraquinone on biomass accumulation and oxygen utilization in Paracoccus denitrificans and in mixed wastewater cultures ........................ 91 Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 91 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 91 Materials and Methods ...................................................................................................... 99 Organisms and Growth Conditions ........................................................................... 99 Paracoccus................................................................................................. 99 Activated Sludge Cultures ........................................................................ 99 Chemicals and Stock Solutions ............................................................... 100 Experimental Procedures ......................................................................................... 101 Respirometry Studies .............................................................................. 101 Paracoccus Continuous Studies .............................................................. 103 Biomass Determinations .......................................................................................... 105 Results ........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Terminal Oxidases of Paracoccus Denitrificans Gier, Jan-Willem L
    University of Groningen The terminal oxidases of Paracoccus denitrificans Gier, Jan-Willem L. de; Lübben, Mathias; Reijnders, Willem N.M.; Tipker, Corinne A.; Slotboom, Dirk-Jan; Spanning, Rob J.M. van; Stouthamer, Adriaan H.; Oost, John van der Published in: Molecular Microbiology IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 1994 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Gier, J-W. L. D., Lübben, M., Reijnders, W. N. M., Tipker, C. A., Slotboom, D-J., Spanning, R. J. M. V., Stouthamer, A. H., & Oost, J. V. D. (1994). The terminal oxidases of Paracoccus denitrificans. Molecular Microbiology, 13(2), 183-196. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
    [Show full text]
  • APP201895 APP201895__Appli
    APPLICATION FORM DETERMINATION Determine if an organism is a new organism under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 Send by post to: Environmental Protection Authority, Private Bag 63002, Wellington 6140 OR email to: [email protected] Application number APP201895 Applicant Neil Pritchard Key contact NPN Ltd www.epa.govt.nz 2 Application to determine if an organism is a new organism Important This application form is used to determine if an organism is a new organism. If you need help to complete this form, please look at our website (www.epa.govt.nz) or email us at [email protected]. This application form will be made publicly available so any confidential information must be collated in a separate labelled appendix. The fee for this application can be found on our website at www.epa.govt.nz. This form was approved on 1 May 2012. May 2012 EPA0159 3 Application to determine if an organism is a new organism 1. Information about the new organism What is the name of the new organism? Briefly describe the biology of the organism. Is it a genetically modified organism? Pseudomonas monteilii Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gamma Proteobacteria Order: Pseudomonadales Family: Pseudomonadaceae Genus: Pseudomonas Species: Pseudomonas monteilii Elomari et al., 1997 Binomial name: Pseudomonas monteilii Elomari et al., 1997. Pseudomonas monteilii is a Gram-negative, rod- shaped, motile bacterium isolated from human bronchial aspirate (Elomari et al 1997). They are incapable of liquefing gelatin. They grow at 10°C but not at 41°C, produce fluorescent pigments, catalase, and cytochrome oxidase, and possesse the arginine dihydrolase system.
    [Show full text]
  • Paracoccus Denitrificans Possesses Two Bior Homologs Having a Role In
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH Paracoccus denitrificans possesses two BioR homologs having a role in regulation of biotin metabolism Youjun Feng1, Ritesh Kumar2, Dmitry A. Ravcheev3 & Huimin Zhang1,* 1Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China 2Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 3Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 2, avenue de l’Universite, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg. Keywords Abstract BioR, biotin, Paracoccus denitrificans. Recently, we determined that BioR, the GntR family of transcription factor, acts Correspondence as a repressor for biotin metabolism exclusively distributed in certain species of Youjun Feng, Department of Medical a-proteobacteria, including the zoonotic agent Brucella melitensis and the plant Microbiology & Parasitology, Zhejiang pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. However, the scenario is unusual in Para- University School of Medicine (Zi-Jin-Gang coccus denitrificans, another closely related member of the same phylum a-proteo- Campus), No. 866, Yu-Hang-Tang Rd., bacteria featuring with denitrification. Not only does it encode two BioR Hangzhou City, Zhejiang 310058, China. Tel/Fax: +86 571 88208524; homologs Pden_1431 and Pden_2922 (designated as BioR1 and BioR2, respec- E-mail: [email protected]. tively), but also has six predictive BioR-recognizable sites (the two bioR homolog each has one site, whereas the two bio operons (bioBFDAGC and bioYB) each con- tains two tandem BioR boxes). It raised the possibility that unexpected complex- Funding Information ity is present in BioR-mediated biotin regulation. Here we report that this is the This work was supported by the Zhejiang case. The identity of the purified BioR proteins (BioR1 and BioR2) was confirmed Provincial Natural Science Foundation for with LC-QToF-MS.
    [Show full text]
  • Copper Control of Bacterial Nitrous Oxide Emission and Its Impact on Vitamin B12-Dependent Metabolism
    Copper control of bacterial nitrous oxide emission and its impact on vitamin B12-dependent metabolism Matthew J. Sullivan, Andrew J. Gates, Corinne Appia-Ayme1, Gary Rowley2, and David J. Richardson2 School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom Edited by James M. Tiedje, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, and approved October 21, 2013 (received for review July 31, 2013) Global agricultural emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide cultures leads to up-regulation of B12 independent anabolism, a (N2O) have increased by around 20% over the last 100 y, but reg- response indicative of destruction of the B12 pool by N2O. This ulation of these emissions and their impact on bacterial cellular cytotoxicity of N2O is relieved by the addition of exogenous B12. metabolism are poorly understood. Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate in soils to inert di-nitrogen gas (N2) via N2O and the bio- Results and Discussion chemistry of this process has been studied extensively in Paracoc- Impact of Cu-Limitation on Paracoccus denitrificans Transcription cus denitrificans. Here we demonstrate that expression of the gene Under Denitrifying Conditions. Paracoccus denitrificans was grown − encoding the nitrous oxide reductase (NosZ), which converts N2Oto under anaerobic batch culture conditions with NO3 as electron N2, is regulated in response to the extracellular copper concentra- acceptor in medium containing 13 μmol/L (Cu-H) and 0.5 μmol/L − tion. We show that elevated levels of N2O released as a consequence (Cu-L) copper. Under both culture conditions NO3 was con- of decreased cellular NosZ activity lead to the bacterium switching sumed in a growth-linked fashion, decreasing from ∼8 mmol to from vitamin B12-dependent to vitamin B12-independent biosyn- 0 mmol as the culture density increased (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Out of Breath: Entrapping the Denitrifier Paracoccus Denitrificans in Anoxia and Rescuing It by Spikes of Oxygen
    Master’s Thesis 2019 60 ECTS Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science Out of breath: entrapping the denitrifier Paracoccus denitrificans in anoxia and rescuing it by spikes of oxygen Kjetil Johnsen Hauge Master of Science, Biotechnology Out of breath: entrapping the denitrifier Paracoccus denitrificans in anoxia and rescuing it by spikes of oxygen Kjetil Johnsen Hauge Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Food Science Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås, 2019 Acknowledgments This master thesis was the culmination of the master program for biotechnology I attended at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU). The laboratory work and writing were performed at the Microbial Ecology and Physiology part of the NMBU Nitrogen group, at the faculty for Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, and lasted from August of 2018 until December 2019. I thank my supervisor Lars Bakken for taking me on as a student and providing me with continuous and constructive feedback. This thesis would have been far poorer without your support. I would also like to thank the entirety of the NMBU Nitrogen group for support, particularly during my trial presentation, offering me valuable feedback. And also for lending me an office, offering me great support and great entertainment through our lunch break conversations. I thank Ricarda Kellerman, Pawel Lycus, Rannei Tjåland, Sebastian Thalmann and Linda Bergaust for offering support through the practical parts and data analysis of my experiments. I would like to thank my fellow students, particularly those who read parts of my master. I would finally thank my parents and my friends for their support through my thesis in specific, and my entire studies in general.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Growth at Hyperaccelerations up to 403,627 × G
    Microbial growth at hyperaccelerations up to 403,627 × g Shigeru Deguchi (出口 茂)a,1, Hirokazu Shimoshige (下重裕一)a,2, Mikiko Tsudome (津留美紀子)a, Sada-atsu Mukai (向井貞篤)a,b, Robert W. Corkeryc, Susumu Ito (伊藤 進)d, and Koki Horikoshi (掘越弘毅)a aInstitute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan; bInstitute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; cInstitute for Surface Chemistry, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden; and dDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihra, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan Edited by Henry J. Melosh, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, and approved March 15, 2011 (received for review December 19, 2010) It is well known that prokaryotic life can withstand extremes of Streptomyces clavuligerus, production of rapamycin by Strepto- temperature, pH, pressure, and radiation. Little is known about myces hygroscopicus, and production of microcin B17 by E. coli the proliferation of prokaryotic life under conditions of hyper- were suppressed during culturing in simulated microgravity, acceleration attributable to extreme gravity, however. We found whereas production of gramicidin S by Bacillus brevis was un- that living organisms can be surprisingly proliferative during affected (14, 18). S. enterica serovar Typhimurium showed en- hyperacceleration. In tests reported here, a variety of microorgan- hanced virulence in a murine infection model (19, 20) conducted fl isms, including Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Paracoccus denitri- in space ight and under modeled microgravity compared with ficans, and Shewanella amazonensis; Gram-positive Lactobacillus conditions of normal gravity (19, 20). These microorganisms also showed increased resistance to environmental stresses, increased delbrueckii; and eukaryotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were cul- fi tured while being subjected to hyperaccelerative conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Nitrite on Aerobic Growth of Paracoccus Denitrificans PD1222
    Katherine Hartop | January 2014 The Impact of Nitrite on Aerobic Growth of Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 Submitted for approval by Katherine Rachel Hartop BSc (Hons) For the qualification of Doctor of Philosophy University of East Anglia School of Biological Sciences January 2014 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on conditions that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. i Katherine Hartop | January 2014 Acknowledgments Utmost thanks go to my supervisors Professor David Richardson, Dr Andy Gates and Dr Tom Clarke for their continual support and boundless knowledge. I am also delighted to have been supported by the funding of the University of East Anglia for the length of my doctorial research. Thank you to the Richardson laboratory as well as those I have encountered and had the honour of collaborating with from the School of Biological Sciences. Thank you to Georgios Giannopoulos for your contribution to my research and support during the writing of this thesis. Thanks to my friends for their patience, care and editorial input. Deepest thanks to Dr Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa and Dr Gary Rowley for examining me and my research. This work is dedicated to my parents, Keith and Gill, and my family. ii Katherine Hartop | January 2014 Abstract The effect of nitrite stress induced in Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 was examined using additions of sodium nitrite to an aerobic bacterial culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Crossm Downloaded From
    GENOME SEQUENCES crossm Downloaded from Complete Genome Sequence and Annotation of the Paracoccus pantotrophus Type Strain DSM 2944 Julia A. Bockwoldt,a,b Martin Zimmermann,a Till Tiso,a Lars M. Blanka http://mra.asm.org/ aInstitute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany bChair of Technical Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany ABSTRACT Paracoccus spp. are metabolically versatile alphaproteobacteria able to perform heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic growth. This study describes the whole-genome sequence of the Paracoccus pantotrophus type strain DSM 2944 (ATCC 35512, LMD 82.5, GB17). The genome sequence revealed the presence of a complete phaZ phaC phaP phaR gene cluster related to polyhydroxyalkanoate me- on January 30, 2020 at RWTH AACHEN Bibliotheksverwaltung Medizin tabolism. aracoccus pantotrophus DSM 2944T (formerly designated Thiosphaera pantotropha) Pwas isolated in 1983 from a denitrifying, sulfide-oxidizing effluent treatment plant in Delft, Netherlands. The strain is a nonmotile, facultative anaerobic, nonpathogenic, Gram-negative coccus occurring singly, pairwise, or as short chains in spherical to rod-shaped forms (1–3 ). P. pantotrophus DSM 2944T belongs to the family Rhodobac- teraceae in the phylum Alphaproteobacteria. This strain can grow chemoautotrophically with carbon dioxide and hydrogen or reduced sulfur compounds and is capable of denitrification. Under nitrogen limitation, polyhydroxybutyrate can be produced (1, 4, 5). The versatile metabolic pathways render P. pantotrophus DSM 2944T a promising strain for biotechnological applications. Strain DSM 2944T was obtained from the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) and was grown aerobically in lysogeny broth (LB) medium at 30°C to early exponential phase (6).
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of the Virome of Paracoccus Spp. (Alphaproteobacteria) by Combined in Silico and in Vivo Approaches
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Characterization of the virome of Paracoccus spp. (Alphaproteobacteria) by combined Received: 11 February 2019 Accepted: 17 May 2019 in silico and in vivo approaches Published: xx xx xxxx Przemyslaw Decewicz 1, Lukasz Dziewit 1, Piotr Golec 1, Patrycja Kozlowska2, Dariusz Bartosik1 & Monika Radlinska2 Bacteria of the genus Paracoccus inhabit various pristine and anthropologically-shaped environments. Many Paracoccus spp. have biotechnological value and several are opportunistic human pathogens. Despite extensive knowledge of their metabolic potential and genome architecture, little is known about viruses of Paracoccus spp. So far, only three active phages infecting these bacteria have been identifed. In this study, 16 Paracoccus strains were screened for the presence of active temperate phages, which resulted in the identifcation of fve novel viruses. Mitomycin C-induced prophages were isolated, visualized and their genomes sequenced and thoroughly analyzed, including functional validation of their toxin-antitoxin systems. This led to the identifcation of the frst active Myoviridae phage in Paracoccus spp. and four novel Siphoviridae phages. In addition, another 53 prophages were distinguished in silico within genomic sequences of Paracoccus spp. available in public databases. Thus, the Paracoccus virome was defned as being composed of 66 (pro)phages. Comparative analyses revealed the diversity and mosaicism of the (pro)phage genomes. Moreover, similarity networking analysis highlighted the uniqueness of Paracoccus (pro)phages among known bacterial viruses. Paracoccus spp. (Alphaproteobacteria) are metabolically versatile bacteria, that have been isolated from a wide range of environments in various geographical locations, e.g.: bioflters for the treatment of waste gases from an animal rendering plant in Germany (P.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Genomics Analyses Indicate Differential Methylated Amine Utilization Trait Within Members of the Genus Gemmobacter
    Environmental Microbiology Reports (2021) 13(2), 195–208 doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12927 Brief Report Comparative genomics analyses indicate differential methylated amine utilization trait within members of the genus Gemmobacter Eileen Kröber,1†* Mark R. Cunningham,2† while others (G. megaterium and G. nectariphilus) Julianna Peixoto,3 Lewis Spurgin,4 Daniela Wischer,4 have not. Ricardo Kruger 3 and Deepak Kumaresan 2* 1 Department of Symbiosis, Max-Planck Institute for Introduction Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany. 2School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Methylated amines (MAs) are ubiquitous in the environ- Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK. ment with a variety of natural and anthropogenic sources 3Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, including the oceans, vegetation, sediments and organic- Brasília, Brazil. rich soils, animal husbandry, food industry, pesticides, 4School of Environmental Sciences, University of East sewage and automobiles, to mention only a few (Schade Anglia, Norwich, UK. and Crutzen, 1995; Latypova et al., 2010; Ge et al., 2011). Methylated amines are also known to influ- ence Earth’s climate, via a series of complex biological Summary and chemical interactions (Carpenter et al., 2012). Some Methylated amines are ubiquitous in the environment of the most abundant methylated amines found in the and play a role in regulating the earth’s climate via a atmosphere are trimethylamine (TMA), dimethylamine set of complex biological and chemical reactions. (DMA) and monomethylamine (MMA) (Ge et al., 2011). Microbial degradation of these compounds is thought Microbial metabolism of methylated amines involves both to be a major sink. Recently we isolated a facultative aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, for example methylotroph, Gemmobacter sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Enzymes and Genes of Taurine and Isethionate Dissimilation in Paracoccus Denitrificans
    Enzymes and genes of taurine and isethionate dissimilation in Paracoccus denitrificans Chantal Bru¨ggemann,3 Karin Denger, Alasdair M. Cook and Ju¨rgen Ruff Correspondence Department of Biology, The University, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany Alasdair Cook [email protected] Growth of the a-proteobacterium Paracoccus denitrificans NKNIS with taurine or isethionate as sole source of carbon involves sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase (Xsc), which is presumably encoded by an xsc gene in subgroup 3, none of whose gene products has been characterized. The genome of the a-proteobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 was interpreted to contain a nine-gene cluster encoding the inducible dissimilation of taurine, and this deduced pathway included a regulator, a tripartite ATP-independent transporter, taurine dehydrogenase (TDH; presumably TauXY) as well as Xsc (subgroup 3), a hypothetical protein and phosphate acetyltransferase (Pta). A similar cluster was found in P. denitrificans NKNIS, in contrast to an analogous cluster encoding an ATP-binding cassette transporter in Paracoccus pantotrophus. Inducible TDH, Xsc and Pta were found in extracts of taurine-grown cells of strain NKNIS. TDH oxidized taurine to sulfoacetaldehyde and ammonium ion with cytochrome c as electron acceptor. Whereas Xsc and Pta were soluble enzymes, TDH was located in the particulate fraction, where inducible proteins with the expected masses of TauXY (14 and 50 kDa, respectively) were detected by SDS-PAGE. Xsc and Pta were separated by anion-exchange chromatography. Xsc was effectively pure; the molecular mass of the subunit (64 kDa) and the N-terminal amino acid sequence confirmed the identification of the xsc gene. Inducible isethionate dehydrogenase (IDH), Xsc and Pta were assayed in extracts of isethionate-grown cells of strain NKNIS.
    [Show full text]
  • Electron Transfer and Energy Transduction in the Terminal Part of the Respiratory Chain — Lessons from Bacterial Model Systems
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1787 (2009) 626–634 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biochimica et Biophysica Acta journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bbabio Review Electron transfer and energy transduction in the terminal part of the respiratory chain — Lessons from bacterial model systems Oliver-Matthias H. Richter, Bernd Ludwig ⁎ Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics, Biozentrum Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D 60438 Frankfurt, Germany article info abstract Article history: This review focuses on the terminal part of the respiratory chain where, macroscopically speaking, electron Received 27 December 2008 transfer (ET) switches from the two-electron donor, ubiquinol, to the single-electron carrier, cytochrome c, Received in revised form 13 February 2009 to finally reduce the four-electron acceptor dioxygen. With 3-D structures of prominent representatives of Accepted 16 February 2009 such multi-subunit membrane complexes known for some time, this section of the ET chain still leaves a Available online 4 March 2009 number of key questions unanswered. The two relevant enzymes, ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase and cytochrome c oxidase, appear as rather diverse modules, differing largely in their design for substrate Keywords: Cytochrome c oxidase interaction, internal ET, and moreover, in their mechanisms of energy transduction. While the canonical Complex-III mitochondrial complexes have been investigated for almost five decades, the corresponding bacterial Proton pumping enzymes have been established only recently as attractive model systems to address basic reactions in ET Cofactor insertion and energy transduction. Lacking the intricate coding background and mitochondrial assembly pathways, Thermus thermophilus bacterial respiratory enzymes typically offer a much simpler subunit composition, while maintaining all fi Paracoccus denitri cans fundamental functions established for their complex “relatives”.
    [Show full text]