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Women of the World: Sub-Saharan Africa

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Women of the World: Sub-Saharan Africa ma DOCUMENT RESUME ED 257 772 SO 016 623 AUTHOR Newman, 3 ne S. TITLE Women of World: Sub-Saharan Africa. INSTITUTION Agency for International Development(IDCA), Washington, D.C. Office of Women inDevelopment.; Bureau of the Census (DOC),Suitland, Md. REPORT NO WID-2 PUB DATE Aug 84 NOTE 205p.; For other documents in theseries, see SO 016 622-626. Some graphs may not reproduceclearly. AVAILABLE FROM Data User Services Division,Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington,DC 20233 ($5.50). PUB TAPE Reports - Descriptive (141) Statistical Data (110) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Birth Rate; *Census Figures; Employed Women; *Females; Foreign Countries; *Human Geography;Labor Force; Labor Force Nonparticipants;Marriage; *Population Distribution; Population Trends;Rural to Urban Migration; StatisticalAnalysis; Trend Analysis; Womens Education IDENTIFIERS *Africa (Sub Sahara); *Women inDevelopment ABSTRACT The second in a series of fivehandbooks designed to present and analyzestatistical data on women in variousregions of the world, this handboo focuses on women in 40 countriesof Sub-Saharan Africa. B nning with an overview ofpopulation characteristics in t region, the analysis continues with a description of women's literacy andeducation,'their labor force participation, their marital status andliving arrangements, their fertility, and their mortality.Information is presented not only in tables, charts, and text, but alsoin narrative form, offering a critique on concepts, availability,and quality of the data assembled on each variable.Findinfs show that except inNigeria, the populations of Sub-Saharan Africancountries are not large and rural densities are not usually high. However,the population is growing . rapidly, at about three percent per year.The proportion of women in the working ages is lowerin the urban and higher in therural areas than is that of men. There appear tobe subregional differencesin female literacy: rates tend tobe higher in the Eastern andSouthern regions than in West Africa, andthe female disadvantage relative to males is smaller. Moreover, malelabor force participation is unifoFmly high in the region,while female participation is lowerand highly variable. Plural marriageis common in many countries of the region; in 10 of the 12countries with data on polygamy,one-fifth to one-third of the married men had two or morewives. Appendices contain references, tables, andinformation on population by age, sex, andrural/urban residence. (LH) *********************************************************************** * * Reproductions supplied by EDRS arethe best that can be made * -i from the original document. *********************************************************************** WID -2 r'J r-N- r'J U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCFS INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Thisdutittitt +111 has been reproduced as )4tete.itmet from the/ pft4suo pr °rip:tut:1ton otoginat.tig tt k %not Lhanotts hautt been matte to improve reproduction goir'itiv Points of yens or opinions stated ur this docu ment to not necesserilv represent official NIE positron Of palsy U.S. Deportment of Commerce U.S. Agency for International Development BUREAU OF THE CENSUS OFFICE OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT 2 WID-2 \V MEN 7NE ti r Sub-Saharon If Africa by Jeanne S. Newman This report was prepared under a Resources Support Services Agreement with the Office of Women in Development, Bureau for Program and Policy Coordination, U.S. Agency S for International Development Issued August 1984 U.S. Department of Commerce Malcolm Baldrige, Secretor y Clarence J. Brown, Deputy Sec r PIN. V Sidney Jones, U f Ider Secretary for Economic Affalr,-; BUREAU OF THE CENSUS John G. Keane. "m. Director BUREAU OF THE CENSUS C.L.Kincannon, Deputy Director Robert O. Bertram, AssistantDirector for International Programs CENTER FOR INTERNATIONALRESEARCH Samna Baum, Chief Acknowledgments guidance on the material tobe in Africa was prepared under con- Peter 0. Way offered useful This report on Sub Saharan assistance in the verificationof of the Census. It is one offour regional eluded, provided supervisory tract with the U.S. Bureau appendix C; Eduardo E. Arriagaand handbooks in the Women of theWorld series prepared under tables, and prepared Office of Sylvia D. Quick provided useful review comments;Joseph R. a Resources SupportServices Agreement with the Cooper computerized then oraphics, John R.Gibson, Vera V. Women in Development, Bureaufor Program and Policy Coor- Harris-Boume, Eleanor M. Matthews, andMargaret A. Squires dination, U.S. Agency forInternational Development, Sarah provided statistical assistance inverifying the tables; and Tinsley, Director Thanks are 'due topresent and formerstaff Donna M. Dove and Janet M. Sales tookcharge of the typing, members of the Agency forInternational Development fortheir of the Census Bureau's with the assistance of JacquelineR. Harrison and Carolyn King. contributions to the various stages Center for International Research In particular, Jane Jlquetteand All demographic analysts in the Women In Development project. compilaVon and evaluation of statisticsfor Office of Women in Develop were involved in the Paula 0. Goddard, formerly of the which this hand- former!y of the Economic andSocial the Women In Development Data Base upon meat, and Lois Godiksen, prepared in the Geography Divi- gua-fance in establishing the Cen book is based. The map was Data Services, provided useful of Betty L. Adamek in cooperation with Development Cate Base, upon which sion under the direction sus Bureau's Women in Division. Editorial services Jean Ellickson and John Hourihan Geography Branch, Data Preparation these handbooks are based. R. Fatten and artwork was preparedunder Women inDevelopment and Annette were provided by Gail of tne Office of the supervision of NicholasPreftakes, Publication Services Binnendijk of the Economic andSocial Data Services provided Division, support at subsequentstages of the project. The author extends a special wordof appreciation to Mary Within the Bureau of theCensus, Ellen Jamison, Staff Tadesse and her colleagues atthe African Training and Research Assistant to the Chief,Center for International Research, of the Center for Women, EconomicCommission for Africa, Addis prepared the overall outlinefor the content and format Nancy Half kin, for hours spent in monitored the contracts,prepared Ababa, and particularly to world handbook series, stimulating discussion and for accessto the Center's documents chapter 2, and served as reviewerand coordinator of thepublica Africa, library. Lion preparation activities.For this report on Sub-Saharan of the valuable assistance was providedby other staff members with Center for International Research:Kevin G. Kinsella assisted Library of Congrest, CardNumber 84-601086 countless details to ensure the accuracyof the tables and charts; Washington, D.C. 20233, or anyU.S. Department (Publicationsl, Bureau of the Census, be by For Sale by Data User ServicesDivision, Customer Services Remittances from foreign countries must Postage stamps not acceptable; currencysubmitted at sender's risk. of Commerce district office. $5,5C per copy, international money order orby a draft on a U.S. bank. Woman of the World Iii Contents Page Abbreviations Used in This Report vI Map VIII Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Sources of Data 7 Tables 2.1.Number of Tables in VYID Data Base, by Country and Category 10 2.2.Availability and Recency of Stiitistics, by Country and Subject 12 Chapter 3. Populatioen Distribution and Change 15 Figures 3.1.Sub-Saharan Africa: Estimated and Projected Population Size andComponents of Change: 1960 to 2025 21 3.2.Estimated and Projected Population: 1960, 1970, and 1985 22 3.3.Population Distribution of Sub-Saharan African Countries: 1983 24 3.4.Sex Ratios of the Total Population 25 3.5.Percent of All Women in Selected Age Groups 26 3.6.Percent of Women Living in Urban Areas, Latest Two Censuses 27 3.7.Female /Male Ratio of Percent Urban 29 3.8.Sex Ratio of the Population in Two Age Groups, by Rural/UrbanResidence 30 3.9.In-Movers to Province of Current Residence, by Sex 31 Tables 3.1.Total Population, by Sex, Sex Ratio, and Percent Female 32 3.2.Total Population: 1960 to 1985 34 3.3.Percent of Female Population in Selected Age Groups 36 3.4 Percent of Male Population in Selected Age Groups 38 3.5.Sex Ratios of Rural Population in Selected Age Groups 40 3.6.Sex Ratios of Urban Population in Selected Age Groups 41 3.7.Percent of Population Residing in Urban Areas, by Sex, andFemale/Male Ratio of Percent Urban: Latest Two Censuses 42 3.8.Percent Distribution of Women Residing in Rural and Urban Areas,by Selected Age Groups 44 3.9.Percent of Migrants Among Native-Born Population, by Sex, andFemale/Male Ratio of Percent of Migrants 46 3.10. Percent of Population Foreign Born, by Sex, and Female/Male Ratioof Percent Foreign Born 47 3.11. Percent of In-Movers, by Seic, and Female/Male Ratio ofPercent of In-Movers 48 3.12. Percent of Urban Population Foreign Born 49 5 Women of the Wofid iV Contents 51 -NChapter 4. Literacy and Education %.*c. 58 4.1.Percent Literate Amung Women and Men10 Years of Age and Over 4.2.Percent Literate Among Women andMen 10 'fears of Age and Over, by s 59 Rural/Urban Residence 60 4.3.Percent Literate for Women and Men byAve Groups 62 4.4.Female/Male Ratio of Percent Literate inRural Araas, for Selected Age Groups 63 4.5.Female/Male Ratio of Percent Literate inUrban Areas, for Selected Age 14 Years
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