Adventists and Genesis
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Contents Page Adventists and Genesis The Primary Time Theory Refuted By Paul Nethercott 2008 Contents Introduction Jehovah Witness Viewpoint Seventh Day Adventist Viewpoint The Age Of the Earth Is the Age Of Mankind Scientific Contradictions To The Book Of Genesis No Gap Between Genesis 1:1 and 1:3 Radioactive Dating Is Whole Rock Dating Radioactive Dating And Fossil Ages Radioactive Dating Of ‘Pre‐Cambrian’ Rocks Genesis Versus Radio‐Active Dating Chronology Controversy Over Radiometric Dating Methods The Days Of Creation Are Literal 24 Hour Days Ellen G. Whites Comments Gunter Faure Brent Dalrymple History Of Modern Creationism The Biblical Account Of Origins In the Beginning Where Did the Light on the First Day Come From? Light On The First Day Of Creation Loma Linda University Conclusions References www.CreationOnTheWeb.org Adventists And Genesis 1 Introduction The Men Behind The Idea The Founders Of The Primary Time Theory Pastor Russell Judge Rutherford Nathan Homer Knorr Jehovah’s Witnesses The Bible does not say how long a period elapsed between the beginning when God created the heaven and the earth, and the Jehovah’s Witnesses beginning of the creative week used in perfecting it for man: nor do Long before the beginning of those Jehovah’s Witnesses geologists agree amongst seven days the molten mass had “In the beginning God created the heavens and the themselves as to the period of this thrown off great quantities of mineral interval‐‐a few extremists indulge in Earth.” (Genesis 1:1) Just how long ago the starry substances in vapor form, and these heavens and the earth were created is not stated In wild speculations of millions of had formed into rings around the years. -
The Tennessee Meteorite Impact Sites and Changing Perspectives on Impact Cratering
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND THE TENNESSEE METEORITE IMPACT SITES AND CHANGING PERSPECTIVES ON IMPACT CRATERING A dissertation submitted by Janaruth Harling Ford B.A. Cum Laude (Vanderbilt University), M. Astron. (University of Western Sydney) For the award of Doctor of Philosophy 2015 ABSTRACT Terrestrial impact structures offer astronomers and geologists opportunities to study the impact cratering process. Tennessee has four structures of interest. Information gained over the last century and a half concerning these sites is scattered throughout astronomical, geological and other specialized scientific journals, books, and literature, some of which are elusive. Gathering and compiling this widely- spread information into one historical document benefits the scientific community in general. The Wells Creek Structure is a proven impact site, and has been referred to as the ‘syntype’ cryptoexplosion structure for the United State. It was the first impact structure in the United States in which shatter cones were identified and was probably the subject of the first detailed geological report on a cryptoexplosive structure in the United States. The Wells Creek Structure displays bilateral symmetry, and three smaller ‘craters’ lie to the north of the main Wells Creek structure along its axis of symmetry. The question remains as to whether or not these structures have a common origin with the Wells Creek structure. The Flynn Creek Structure, another proven impact site, was first mentioned as a site of disturbance in Safford’s 1869 report on the geology of Tennessee. It has been noted as the terrestrial feature that bears the closest resemblance to a typical lunar crater, even though it is the probable result of a shallow marine impact. -
Unbroken Meteorite Rough Draft
Space Visitors in Kentucky: Meteorites and Asteroid “Ida.” Most meteorites originate from asteroids. Meteorite Impact Sites in Kentucky Meteorite from Clark County, Ky. Mercury Earth Saturn Venus Mars Neptune Jupiter William D. Ehmann Asteroid Belt with contributions by Warren H. Anderson Uranus Pluto www.uky.edu/KGS Special thanks to Collie Rulo for cover design. Earth image was compiled from satellite images from NOAA and NASA. Kentucky Geological Survey James C. Cobb, State Geologist and Director University of Kentucky, Lexington Space Visitors in Kentucky: Meteorites and Meteorite Impact Sites in Kentucky William D. Ehmann Special Publication 1 Series XII, 2000 i UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY Collie Rulo, Graphic Design Technician Charles T. Wethington Jr., President Luanne Davis, Staff Support Associate II Fitzgerald Bramwell, Vice President for Theola L. Evans, Staff Support Associate I Research and Graduate Studies William A. Briscoe III, Publication Sales Jack Supplee, Director, Administrative Supervisor Affairs, Research and Graduate Studies Roger S. Banks, Account Clerk I KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Energy and Minerals Section: James A. Drahovzal, Head ADVISORY BOARD Garland R. Dever Jr., Geologist V Henry M. Morgan, Chair, Utica Cortland F. Eble, Geologist V Ron D. Gilkerson, Vice Chair, Lexington Stephen F. Greb, Geologist V William W. Bowdy, Fort Thomas David A. Williams, Geologist V, Manager, Steven Cawood, Frankfort Henderson office Hugh B. Gabbard, Winchester David C. Harris, Geologist IV Kenneth Gibson, Madisonville Brandon C. Nuttall, Geologist IV Mark E. Gormley, Versailles William M. Andrews Jr., Geologist II Rosanne Kruzich, Louisville John B. Hickman, Geologist II William A. Mossbarger, Lexington Ernest E. Thacker, Geologist I Jacqueline Swigart, Louisville Anna E. -
Cumberland Gap National Historic Park
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Natural Resource Condition Assessment for Cumberland Gap National Historical Park Natural Resource Report NPS/CUGA/NRR—2013/620 ON THE COVER Pinnacle Overlook Photograph by D. McPherson Natural Resource Condition Assessment for Cumberland Gap National Historical Park Natural Resource Report NPS/CUGA/NRR—2013/620 Gary Sundin, Luke Worsham, Nathan P. Nibbelink, Michael T. Mengak, Gary Grossman Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia 180 E. Green St. Athens, GA 30602 January 2013 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received formal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data, and whose background and expertise put them on par technically and scientifically with the authors of the information. -
Shatter Cone and Microscopic Shock-Alteration Evidence for a Post-Paleoproterozoic Terrestrial Impact Structure Near Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 270 (2008) 290–299 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth and Planetary Science Letters journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Shatter cone and microscopic shock-alteration evidence for a post-Paleoproterozoic terrestrial impact structure near Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA Siobhan P. Fackelman a, Jared R. Morrow b,⁎, Christian Koeberl c, Thornton H. McElvain d a Earth Sciences Department, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA b Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA c Department of Lithospheric Studies, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria d 111 Lovato Lane, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Field mapping, morphologic description, and petrographic analysis of recently discovered shatter cones Received 7 January 2008 within Paleoproterozoic crystalline rocks exposed over an area N5km2, located ∼8 km northeast of Santa Fe, Received in revised form 19 March 2008 New Mexico, USA, give robust evidence of a previously unrecognized terrestrial impact structure. Herein, we Accepted 20 March 2008 provisionally name this the “Santa Fe impact structure”. The shatter cones are composed of nested sub- Available online 7 April 2008 conical, curviplanar, and flat joint surfaces bearing abundant curved and bifurcating striations that strongly Editor: R.W. Carlson resemble the multiply striated joint surfaces (MSJS) documented from shatter cones at Vredefort dome. The cones occur as a penetrative feature in intrusive igneous and supracrustal metamorphic rocks, are unusually Keywords: large (up to 2 m long and 0.5 m wide at the base), display upward-pointing apices, and have subvertical, shatter cones northeastward-plunging axes that crosscut regional host-rock fabrics. -
IMPACTS II: TERRESTRIAL CRATERS 6:00 P.M
42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2011) sess321.pdf Tuesday, March 8, 2011 POSTER SESSION I: IMPACTS II: TERRESTRIAL CRATERS 6:00 p.m. Town Center Exhibit Area Watt N. Bouchet R. Lee C.-T. A. Exploration of Tektite Formation Processes Through Water and Metal Content Measurements [#1109] To better explore the effects of impacts on surface materials, we measured the compositions of tektites from Vietnam. While zinc/lead ratios were linearly correlated, there was no correlation between water content and zinc or lead contents. Craig M. A. Osinski G. R. Flemming R. L. Cloutis E. A. Spectral Identification of Impact Glasses Via NIR Reflectance Spectroscopy [#2411] Impact glasses from Haughton and other known impact sites possess what appears to be a unique NIR spectral feature that may be indicative of their impact origin. As such, it is possible that impact glasses may be identified via the use of reflectance spectroscopy alone. Osinski G. R. Tornabene L. L. Grieve R. A. F. Impact Ejecta Emplacement on Terrestrial Planets [#1866] Current models of ejecta emplacement do not account for several important observations of planetary ejecta deposits; in particular, the presence of double or multiple layers of ejecta. Here, we present a new working model in which ejecta is emplaced in a multi-stage process. Chanou A. Osinski G. R. Grieve R. A. F. Ames D. E. Quantitative Digital Image Analysis of Impact Melt-Bearing Breccias (“Suevites”) [#2164] Preliminary quantitative digital image analysis of ‘suevites’ with minimal manual intervention. Parameters including modal abundances of ‘suevite’ components were measured after particles of interest were segmented and analyzed using ImageJ software. -
Scientific Contradictions to the Book of Genesis
Scientific Contradictions To The Book Of Genesis www.CreationismOnline.com How Old Are Moon Rocks? According to Genesis 1:14-19 the Moon was made on day 4 of the creation week. According to radiometric dating methods the Moon is: Thorium - Lead Dating = 4.87 to 28.14 Billion Years Old. Uranium-Lead Dating = 5.06 to 10.28 Billion Years Old. Lead - Lead Dating = 5 Billion Years Old. Potassium-Argon Dating = 2.1 to 17 Billion Years Old. Earth And Planetary Science Letters, Volume 14, 1972, Page 281 – 304 The Moon was made on day 4 of the creation week. According to current consensus the Moon is about 5 Thousand Million years old. Science, Volume 167, January 30th, 1970, Page 461-483. Earth And Planetary Science Letters, Volume 14, 1972, Page 169-175, 281 - 304. Clyde Webster states that the Solar System is 4,500 million years old: “Is it possible that the beginning for the consolidation of our Solar System within the universe could have been 4,500 million years ago? Does that impact on scripture? If I understand scripture properly, I have to come back and say NO.”. Record, “A Scientist Talks About Creation”, March 11, 1995, Page 6-9. In an earlier book he states that the Solar System is only 6,000 years old: “These objections can be overcome if we interpret the fourth day of the creation week as addressing only our Solar System and not the entire Universe.” The Earth: Origins And Early History, Dr. Clyde Webster, North American Division Press, 1981, Chapter 3. -
An Unusual Occurrence of Coesite at the Lonar Crater, India
Meteoritics & Planetary Science 52, Nr 1, 147–163 (2017) doi: 10.1111/maps.12745 An unusual occurrence of coesite at the Lonar crater, India 1* 1 2 1 3 Steven J. JARET , Brian L. PHILLIPS , David T. KING JR , Tim D. GLOTCH , Zia RAHMAN , and Shawn P. WRIGHT4 1Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794–2100, USA 2Department of Geosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA 3Jacobs—NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA 4Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] (Received 18 March 2016; revision accepted 06 September 2016) Abstract–Coesite has been identified within ejected blocks of shocked basalt at Lonar crater, India. This is the first report of coesite from the Lonar crater. Coesite occurs within SiO2 glass as distinct ~30 lm spherical aggregates of “granular coesite” identifiable both with optical petrography and with micro-Raman spectroscopy. The coesite+glass occurs only within former silica amygdules, which is also the first report of high-pressure polymorphs forming from a shocked secondary mineral. Detailed petrography and NMR spectroscopy suggest that the coesite crystallized directly from a localized SiO2 melt, as the result of complex interactions between the shock wave and these vesicle fillings. INTRODUCTION Although there is no direct observation of nonshock stishovite in nature, a possible post-stishovite phase may High-Pressure SiO2 Phases be a large component of subducting slabs and the core- mantle boundary (Lakshtanov et al. 2007), and Silica (SiO2) polymorphs are some of the simplest stishovite likely occurs in the deep mantle if basaltic minerals in terms of elemental chemistry, yet they are slabs survive to depth. -
The Geological Record of Meteorite Impacts
THE GEOLOGICAL RECORD OF METEORITE IMPACTS Gordon R. Osinski Canadian Space Agency, 6767 Route de l'Aeroport, St-Hubert, QC J3Y 8Y9 Canada, Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT 2. FORMATION OF METEORITE IMPACT STRUCTURES Meteorite impact structures are found on all planetary bodies in the Solar System with a solid The formation of hypervelocity impact craters has surface. On the Moon, Mercury, and much of Mars, been divided, somewhat arbitrarily, into three main impact craters are the dominant landform. On Earth, stages [3] (Fig. 2): (1) contact and compression, (2) 174 impact sites have been recognized, with several excavation, and (3) modification. A further stage of more new craters being discovered each year. The “hydrothermal and chemical alteration” is also terrestrial impact cratering record is critical for our considered as a separate, final stage in the cratering understanding of impacts as it currently provides the process (e.g., [4]), and is also described below. only ground-truth data on which to base interpretations of the cratering record of other planets and moons. In this contribution, I summarize the processes and products of impact cratering and provide and an up-to-date assessment of the geological record of meteorite impacts. 1. INTRODUCTION It is now widely recognized that impact cratering is a ubiquitous geological process that affects all planetary objects with a solid surface (e.g., [1]). One only has to look up on a clear night to see that impact structures are the dominant landform on the Moon. The same can be said of all the rocky and icy bodies in the solar system that have retained portions of their earliest crust. -
Economic Natural Resource Deposits at Terrestrial Impact Structures
Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 23, 2021 Economic natural resource deposits at terrestrial impact structures RICHARD A. F. GRIEVE Earth Sciences Sector, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K14 OE4 Abstract: Economic deposits associated with terrestrial impact structures range from world-class to relatively localized occurrences. The more significant deposits are introduced under the classification: progenetic, syngenetic or epigenetic, with respect to the impact event. However, there is increasing evidence that post-impact hydrothermal systems at large impact structures have remobilized some progenetic deposits, such as some of the Witwatersrand gold deposits at the Vredefort impact structure. Impact-related hydro- thermal activity may also have had a significant role in the formation of ores at such syngenetic 'magmatic' deposits as the Cu-Ni-platinum-group elements ores associated with the Sudbury impact structure. Although Vredefort and Sudbury contain world-class mineral deposits, in economic terms hydrocarbon production dominates natural resource deposits found at impact structures. The total value of impact-related resources in North America is estimated at US$18 billion per year. Many impact structures remain to be discovered and, as targets for resource exploration, their relatively invariant, but scale- dependent properties, may provide an aid to exploration strategies. Natural impact craters are the result of the reported that there were 17 known impact struc- hypervelocity impact of an asteroid or comet tures that have produced some form of with a planetary surface and involve the virtu- economic resources. This contribution repre- ally instantaneous transfer of the considerable sents an update of their review. -
Terrestrial Impact Structures- a Bibliography 1965-68
Terrestrial Impact Structures- A Bibliography 1965-68 By JACQUELYN H. FREEBERG GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1320 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1969 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 74-650225 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 30 cents paper cover CONTENTS Page Abstract--------------------------------------------------------- 1 Introduction______________________________________________________ 1 Seria~----------------------------------------------------------- 2 Bibliography______________________________________________________ 3· Distribution and general characteristics of impact structures_________ 3: Impact sites___________________________________________________ 12: Agnak Island Oraters _ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ 1Z Aouelloul Crater___________________________________________ 12 Arn Valley Craters________________________________________ 12 Barringer Crater__________________________________________ 12 Bass Strait_______________________________________________ 13 Boxhole Crater____________________________________________ 14 Brent Crater______________________________________________ 14 Butare Crater_______________________________________ ------ 14 Campo del Cielo Craters----------------------------------- 14 Carswell Lake structure _________________________ . _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 15 Chassenon -
BRIEF NOTE Evidence of Maximum Age of the Serpent
OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE K. A. MILAM AND OTHERS 53 BRIEF NOTE Evidence of Maximum Age of the Serpent Mound Impact Event from Shatter Cones Keith A. Milam1 and Chad Gabreski, Department of Geological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH; Mark Baranoski, Ohio Department of Geological Survey, Columbus, OH; and David W. Miller, Clark State Community College, Springfield, OH OHIO J SCI 110 (3): 53-54, 2010 I nitial investigations of the 7-8 km diameter Serpent Mound by the presence of only Ordovician carbonate and shale bedrock impact crater, a complex crater formed exclusively in sedimentary in the core studied. rock in southwestern Ohio (39.0356° N, 83.4039° W), suggested At pressures >2-3 GPa, conical fractures characteristic of that the impact event occurred during the Early Mississippian – Late impact, known as shatter cones, form as target rock fails (e.g. Dietz Permian interval (Bucher 1933; Reidel 1975; Watts 2004; Schedl 1968; French 1998; Sagy and others 2002; Baratoux and Melosh 2006). Indications of a post-Mississippian event emerged after 2003). Only rock present at the time of impact will contain these geologic mapping (Bucher 1933; Reidel 1975; Reidel and others definitive macro-scale indicators of shock metamorphism. Shatter 1982) suggested that the Lower Mississippian Cuyahoga Formation cones were first discovered by Dietz (1960) in residual boulders in was the youngest geologic unit to have been deformed by the impact the central peak of the Serpent Mound crater. Others have since event. While Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian strata appear observed them in Cambrian-Middle Silurian strata (Reidel 1975; to be displaced down below normal stratigraphic positions (Bucher Reidel and Koucky 1981; Reidel and others 1982; Baranoski and 1933; Reidel and others 1982), recent observations of new drill cores others 2003).