Informal Governance and Corruption – Transcending the Principal Agent and Collective Action Paradigms Dismantling networks of corruption: challenges and opportunities in reforming informal governance in Tanzania Sambaiga, R.F., Baez-Camargo, C. and Koechlin, L. | July 2018 Basel Institute on Governance Steinenring 60 | 4051 Basel, Switzerland | +41 61 205 55 11
[email protected] | www.baselgovernance.org BASEL INSTITUTE ON GOVERNANCE This research has been funded by the UK government's Department for International Development (DFID) and the British Academy through the British Academy/DFID Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme. However, the views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the British Academy or DFID. 1 BASEL INSTITUTE ON GOVERNANCE Table of contents 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Informal Governance and Corruption: Rationale and project background 4 1.2 Conceptual approach and methods 4 1.3 Informality and informal networks in Tanzania 5 2 From ideology to instrumentality: the development of network-based governance in Tanzania 7 2.1 Rise and fall of the Wanamtandao 11 2.2 The Magufuli nomination 12 3 Analysis: drivers of informal governance and the 3C’s 14 3.1 From single party state to competitive authoritarianism and top-down co-optation of political actors 14 3.2 Economic liberalisation and horizontal co-optation 17 4 Informal governance and the failure of anti-corruption measures 19 4.1 Elections as drivers of corruption 19 4.2 Managing the networks: co-optation and control practices 20 4.3 Informal governance and the