1 Syllabus Principles of Food Microbiology

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

1 Syllabus Principles of Food Microbiology Syllabus Principles of Food Microbiology FDSC 4823 Fall 2010 Course Description; This course is a study of the fundamentals of food microbiology to include its history, classifications, spores and their importance and the most common and serious pathogenic food microorganisms. Fermentation, spoilage and control methodology are also discussed. Prerequisite(s); It is preferred that students have at least one undergraduate microbiology course or obtain instructors approval. Instructor; Steven C Seideman Office; Food Science N205 Phone; 479/575-4221 E-Mail; [email protected] Required Text; Food Microbiology; An Introduction; Thomas J. Montville Karl R. Matthews. 2005. 1st ed. ASM Press, Washington DC. ISB 1-55581-308-9 Goals; The goal of this course is to provide students with information and learning activities that will allow them to demonstrate mastery of microbiology and pathogens . Objectives; Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to; 1) Describe the factors that influence microbes in food. 2) Discuss the importance of spore forming bacteria and their significance in foods. 3) Identify some of the standard methods and some recent rapid and automated methods for detection and enumeration of microorganisms 4) Describe the most common and severe pathogenic bacteria as to the origins, growth environments and methods of control or prevention. 5) Explain the various physical methods of food preservation, the role of antimicrobial chemicals and industrial strategies of ensuring safe foods. 1 Content/ Course Topics; 1) The Trajectory of Food Microbiology 2) Factors the Influence Microbes in Foods. 3) Spores and Their Significance. 4) Detection and Enumeration of Microbes in Food. 5) Rapid and Automated Microbial Methods. 6) Indicator Microorganisms and Microbiological Criteria 7) Salmonella Species 8) Campylobacter Species 9) Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli 10) Yersinia enterocolitica 11) Shigella Species 12) Vibrio Species 13) Listeria monocytogenes 14) Staphylococcus aureus 15) Clostridium botulinum 16) Clostridium perfringens 17) Bacillus cereus 18) Fermentative Organisms 19) Spoilage Organisms 20) Molds 21) Viruses and Prions 22) Antimicrobial Chemicals 23) Biological Based Preservation and Probiotic Bacteria 24) Physical Methods of Food Preservation 25) Industrial Strategies of Ensuring Safe Food. Activities: The following are activities that you will perform in order to receive a grade. Since most of these activities are papers/reports require thought which makes them subjective, my grading will be mostly on the thought process and versus following the proper style, etc; 1) 4 Reports/Papers - During the semester, you will write 4 reports or papers. Each report/paper is to be 4 or more pages in length, double-spaced. a) Paper #1; Write a 2-4 page report listing 20 food products you find in food stores and explain why there is little concern for spore-forming bacteria. For example- bread has such a low Aw/moisture availability that spores cannot produce toxin. Due Sept 13. b) Paper #2; Pick a food product that you have an interest in and describe the types of spoilage bacteria that are typically found on it and anything you find of interest in the area of spoilage. Make it about 2-5 pages in length (double-spaced).Include at least 3 citations. Due October 18 c) Paper #3; Write a paper on 10 food products you typically find in a food store and discuss the preservation method(s) used. Most products utilize more than one method. The paper should be 4-10 pages in length. No Citations required. Due Nov 1 2 d) Paper #4; I would like for you to write a case study of some particular microbiological event that you participated in. It may possibly be a problem solving case. It should be 3-10 pages (double-spaced). If you do not have anything to write on, please let me know early so we can determine an alternative writing assignment. Due anytime before Nov 12. 2) Research paper – Pick one of the pathogens in the book and find several food current events/crises. Develop a 5-10 page report (double-spaced) on what caused it, how it happened and how to prevent it. Include anything in this report that you believe is relevant and/or interesting. You must have at least 5 citations. Due Nov 12. 3) Final Exam Questions – Prior to the final exam, please email me a list of 20 questions that you would like to see on the final exam. These are due before Nov 8. 4) Final Exam – This will be given November 19 or within the general time frame. Evaluation; Point Assignment; Reports/Papers (4 papers @10pts each) 40% Research Paper 25% Final Exam Questions 10% Final Exam 25% ------------------------------------------------------------ Total Percentage 100% Cutoff Percentage (Rounded) Grade Equivalent 100- 90% of possible course points A 89 - 80% of possible course points B 79- 70% of possible course points C 69- 60% of possible course points D <59% of possible course points F Grades of ”I” (incomplete) are awarded for emergency situations only as identified by the University Handbook. Documentation must be provided in such instances. Incomplete grades automatically turn into an “F” after a certain date. Late Work Policy; All work is due based on established and announced due-dates unless prior approval is obtained from the instructor. If work is turned in late, 50% of the total assignment value will be deducted prior to assessment of the work, as long as the work is turned in no later than three days following the due date. Work turned in after that will automatically receive a 0. This policy is in effect as an incentive to stay current with the assigned work. Like many courses, the work of one session is based on understanding the work of the previous session(s). Falling behind in the work greatly reduces the chances of success at attempting later work. 3 Academic Honesty; I am committed to the principle of academic honesty and I expect each student in my class to maintain a high standard of academic integrity. My commitment to you, the student, is to provide a learning environment that promotes academic honesty in and out of the classroom. I support the University of Arkansas policy concerning academic honesty that is described in the Student Handbook. Consequently, any student involved in an academically dishonest act will be given an F in the class and the action will be reported to the All University Judiciary. Communications: 1) If you have any questions about the course material, email or call Steve Seideman ([email protected]; 479/575-4221). I will check my email on a regular basis and usually get back to you within 48 hours. 4 .
Recommended publications
  • Food Science and Technology (FDST) 1
    Food Science and Technology (FDST) 1 FDST 812 Cereal Technology FOOD SCIENCE AND Crosslisted with: FDST 412 Prerequisites: FDST 205. TECHNOLOGY (FDST) Description: Chemistry and technology of the cereal grains. Post-harvest processing and utilization for food and feed. Current industrial processes FDST 801 Teaching Applications of Food Science and practices, and the theoretical basis for these operations. Crosslisted with: FDST 401 Credit Hours: 3 Prerequisites: BIOS 101 and CHEM 109 Max credits per semester: 3 Notes: Will not count toward a FDST major or minor. Max credits per degree: 3 Description: Overview of the science of food and how food can be used in Format: LEC the classroom to enhance science education. FDST 815 Molds and Mycotoxins in Food, Feed, and the Human Credit Hours: 3 Environment Max credits per semester: 3 Crosslisted with: FDST 415 Max credits per degree: 3 Prerequisites: FDST 405/805/BIOS 445/845 and FDST 406/806/ Format: LEC BIOS 446/846. FDST 803 Food Quality Assurance Description: Occurrence, growth, and mycotoxin production of molds Crosslisted with: FDST 403 in human foods, animal feeds, and the human environment. Spoilage, Prerequisites: FDST 205; STAT 218. mycotoxin production conditions, toxicity, and pathological effects. Description: Quality related issues as they pertain to manufacturing, Culture media, methods and techniques for enumerating and identifying processing, and/or testing of foods, with a major emphasis on food molds, analytical methods for mycotoxins, and effects of food and feed regulations, statistical process control and Hazard Analysis of Critical processing on mycotoxin stability. Control Points (HACCP). Credit Hours: 3 Credit Hours: 3 Max credits per semester: 3 Max credits per semester: 3 Max credits per degree: 3 Max credits per degree: 3 Format: LEC Format: LEC FDST 819 Meat Investigations FDST 805 Food Microbiology Crosslisted with: ASCI 419, ASCI 819, FDST 419 Crosslisted with: BIOS 445, BIOS 845, FDST 405 Prerequisites: ASCI 210 Prerequisites: BIOS 312; CHEM 251; BIOC 321.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Microbiology 101
    November 2018 Food Microbiology 101 Nina G. Parkinson NGP Consulting November 6, 2018 Food Safety and Sanitation Conference Summary • Microbiological contamination of food • Routes of contamination by pathogens • Overview on emerging risks • Solutions 1 November 2018 Basics of Food Microbiology • Not all microorganisms are ‘bad’ • Used to ferment products • Necessary for composting organic materials • Some cause spoilage • Decomposition of foods economic losses • Some cause illnesses and diseases • Pathogens Types of foodborne illnesses • Infections • Caused by swallowing living pathogens, which grow within the body and cause illness • Intoxications • Caused by swallowing toxin (poison) that has been formed in food as pathogens grow • Reactions usually occur within hours or days of consumption • Secondary conditions attributed to some of these illnesses 2 November 2018 Historical perspective 1900‐1950’s • Clostridium botulinum • Salmonella spp. • Staphylococcus aureus Worked hard to figure out how they grew, how they caused illnesses, etc. Growth needs Survival skills • Food • Sporeformers • Acid • High temperatures • Temperature • Unpleasant conditions • Time • Sanitizer chemicals • Oxygen • Low pH • Moisture • Vegetative pathogens • Low water activity • Low pH Some produce toxins • Low temperatures 3 November 2018 1950’s to 2000’s and beyond • E. coli (many strains and serotypes) • E. coli O157:H7 Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) • Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) • Shiga (or Shiga‐like) Toxin E. coli (STEC) • Shigella spp. • Cronobacter sakazakii
    [Show full text]
  • Food Science Curriculum
    FOOD SCIENCE University of Florida - College of Agricultural and Life Sciences To remain on track, first year students must complete the appropriate critical-tracking courses, which appear in bold, with a 2.5 GPA or better. Students are required to complete a Quest 1course in semester 1 or 2. Fall Credits Spring Credits CHM 2045 & 2045L General Chemistry I (3) and 4 CHM 2046 & 2046L General Chemistry II 4 Laboratory (1) (GE-P) (3) and Laboratory (1) (GE-P) MAC 2311 Analytic Geometry & Calculus I (GE-M) 4 Quest 1 (GE-H) 3 Composition (GE-C) (WR) 3 Economics: ECO 2013, ECO 2023, or AEB 2014 3-4 Humanities w/Diversity Designation (GE-H/D) 3 Elective 4 Elective 1 Total 15 Total 14-15 Fall Credits Spring Credits BSC 2010 & 2010L Integrated Principles of Biology I 4 BSC 2011 & 2011L Integrated Principles 4 (3) and Laboratory (1) (GE-B) of Biology II (3) and Laboratory (1) (GE-B) PHY2053 & PHY2053L Physics and Lab (GE-P) 5 + CHM2210 Organic Chemistry I 3 FOS3042 Intro to Food Science 3 STA 2023 Introduction to Statistics (GE-M) 3 Composition (GE-C) (WR) 3 AEB3114L Intro AG Computer Applications 1 Quest 2 w/International Designation (GE-S/N) 3 Elective 1 Total 15 Total 15 Fall Credits Spring Credits FOS4722C Quality Control in Food Systems 3 HUN2201 Fundamentals of Human Nutrition 3 CHM 2211 Organic Chemistry II (3) and 5 MCB2000 (3) & MCB2000L(1) Microbiology and Lab 4 CHM2211 Lab (2) AEC3030C Effective Oral Communication or 3 FOS4311 (3) & FOS4311L (1) Food Chemistry and 4 SPC2608 Intro to Public Speaking Lab FOS3060 (Life After Graduation) 1 FOS4731 Govt.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the Microbiology of Food Processing.Pdf
    United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Introduction TO THE Microbiology OF Food Processing August 2012 Small Plant News Guidebook Series Small Plant News is a four-page, four-color newsletter published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). It is targeted to small and very small Federal- and State-inspected establishment owners and operators who produce meat, poultry, and processed egg products. Small Plant News’s mission is to support the “FSIS’ Strategic Implementation Plan for Strengthening Small and Very Small Plant Outreach” by providing pertinent information for plant owners and operators so they can produce safe food and, ultimately, ensure the success of their livelihoods. The newsletter strives to do this through: ✔ Informing and educating small and very small plant owners and operators on FSIS news with current and meaningful information in an easy-to-read format. ✔ Assisting plant owners and operators in incorporating FSIS rules and regulations into their daily operational practices with “plain language” information. ✔ Fostering small and very small plants’ ability to stay in business and produce the safest food by providing essential tips that will encourage the highest sanitation standards, paperwork compliance, and cost-saving measures. ✔ Honoring FSIS’ obligations to small and very small plants by providing a mechanism that increases two-way dialogue between plants and the Agency. Back issues of Small Plant News are available on FSIS’ Web site at www.fsis.usda.gov. Or you may call the Small Plant Help Desk at (877) 374-7435 to order back copies.
    [Show full text]
  • 7. Genetically Modified Microorganisms and Their Potential Effects on Human Health and Nutrition
    Trends in Food Science & Technology 14 (2003) 264–276 7. Genetically modified inactivated or viable. When genetically modified (GM) micoorganisms (GMMs) are used, these alternatives, microorganisms naturally, have rather different safety implications. Owing to the plasticity of microbial genomes and exist- ing gene exchange mechanisms, genetic containment, and their potential especially, is fundamentally different for GMMs than for other genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The effects on human following is an attempt to analyse the impacts of GMMs on human health and nutrition taking into health and nutrition account their various actual or potential uses. 7.2. Contribution of transgenic technologies to food microorganisms a, Atte von Wright * and 7.2.1. Background to the use of microorganisms in A˚ ke Bruceb traditional fermented foods Food fermentations represent an age-old technology to improve the keeping quality, safety and nutritional value of perishable foodstuffs; the types of fermented aInstitute of Applied Biotechnology, University of foods differ greatly in different parts of the world and Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland among different food traditions (Cooke, Twiddy & (tel.: +358-17-162087; fax: +358-17-163322; Reilly, 1987; Nout, 2001). While many processes in the e-mail: atte.vonwright@uku.fi) developed world are nowadays carried out using defined bNational Food Administration, Uppsala, Sweden starter strains with known and predictable properties, spontaneous fermentation, back slopping (inoculation of the fresh
    [Show full text]
  • Food Microbiology - Radomir Lasztity
    FOOD QUALITY AND STANDARDS – Vol. III - Food Microbiology - Radomir Lasztity FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Radomir Lasztity Department of Biochemistry and Food Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary Keywords: aerobic, anaerobic, antibiotic, ascus, ascomycetes, ascospora, bacteria, botulism, budding, coccus, colony, facultative aerobic, filament, filamentous fungi, film yeasts, food-borne diseses, food-borne pathogens, food microbiology, fungi imperfecti, HACCP, heterofermentative, homofermentative, hypha, industrial use of microorganisms (molds, yeasts, bacteria), lactic acid bacteria, mesophilic, methods in food microbiology, microaerobic, microorganism, molds, morphological characteristics, mycelium, pasteurization, preservation of foods, psychrophilic, single cell protein, spoilage of foods, spore, sterilization, thermophilic, true yeast, water activity, yeasts. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Microorganisms Important in Food 2.1. Molds 2.1.1. General 2.1.2. Molds Occurring in Foods 2.2. Yeasts 2.2.1. General 2.2.2. Classification,Important Genera of Yeasts and Their Industrial Use. 2.3. Bacteria 2.3.1. General 2.3.2. Classification. Bacteria Important in Food Microbiology. 2.3.3. Industrial Use of Bacteria. 2.3.4. Food-borne Pathogens 3. Microbiology of Spoilage and Preservation of Food 3.1. General 3.2. Spoilage of Foods. 3.3. Preservation of Foods 3.3.1. Reduction of Moisture Content 3.3.2. Preservation by Use of High Temperatures. 3.3.3.PresevationUNESCO at low temperatures – EOLSS 3.3.4. Preservation of Foods by Preservatives. 3.3.5. Other MethodsSAMPLE of Food Preservation CHAPTERS 4. Food-borne Diseases 4.1. General 4.2. Microorganisms Causing Food Infection and Food Poisoning. 4.2.1. Botulism 4.2.2. Staphylococcal Food Poisoning 4.2.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Microbiology and Food Safety
    Food Microbiology and Food Safety Series Editor Michael P. Doyle Center of Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA For other titles published in this series, go to http://www.springer.com/series/7131 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY SERIES Food Microbiology and Food Safety publishes valuable, practical, and timely resources for professionals and researchers working on microbiological topics associated with foods, as well as food safety issues and problems. Series Editor Michael P. Doyle, Regents Professor and Director of the Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffith, GA, USA Editorial Board Francis F. Busta, Director, National Center for Food Protection and Defense, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Bruce R. Cords, Vice President, Environment, Food Safety & Public Health, Ecolab Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA Catherine W. Donnelly, Professor of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA Paul A. Hall, President, AIV Microbiology and Food Safety Consultants, LLC, Hawthorn Woods, IL, USA Ailsa D. Hocking, Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO—Food Science Australia, North Ryde, Australia Thomas J. Montville, Professor of Food Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA R. Bruce Tompkin, Formerly Vice President-Product Safety, ConAgra Refrigerated Prepared Foods, Downers Grove, IL, USA Titles Compendium of the Microbiological Spoilage of Foods and Beverages, William Sperber and Michael Doyle (Eds.) (2009) Effective Risk Communication, Timothy Sellnow, Robert Ulmer, et al. (2009) Food Safety Culture, Frank Yiannas (2008) Molecular Techniques in the Microbial Ecology of Fermented Foods, Luca Cocolin and Danilo Ercolini (Eds.) (2008) Viruses in Foods, Sagar M. Goyal (Ed.) (2006) Foodborne Parasites, Ynes R.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of a Rapid Detection Method of Salmonella in Comparison with the Culture Method and Microbiological Quality in Fish F
    a ISSN 0101-2061 (Print) Food Science and Technology ISSN 1678-457X (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.38719 Evaluation of a rapid detection method of Salmonella in comparison with the culture method and microbiological quality in fish from the Brazilian Amazon Paula Hellayne Costa dos SANTOS1#, Hamilton M. FIGUEIREDO1#, Luiza Helena Meller da SILVA1#* , Rafaela Santos Oliveira da SILVA1#, Gabrielle Virginia Ferreira CARDOSO2#, Carina Martins MORAES2#, Antonio Manoel da Cruz RODRIGUES1# Abstract Microbiological safety of fish is a concern of consumers, industries and regulatory agencies worldwide. Among the pathogenic microorganisms, Salmonella spp. is one of the main agents of foodborne diseases and should be absent in animal products. Rapid and accurate identification of pathogens in the supply chain is important for both quality assurance and tracking infectious agents within the chain. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the equivalence of two rapid detection tests, as alternative methods to the conventional Salmonella detection method, as well as to verify the microbiological quality parameters of two commercially important fish species in the Amazon biome. The plate count of aerobic bacteria ranged from 7.76 x 410 to 8.71 x 107 CFU.g-1 for mesophiles and 1.70 x 106 to 4.27 x 108 CFU.g-1 for psychrotrophic whereas the maximum for this group of microorganisms in fresh fish is 106 CFU.g-1. Regarding the Staphylococcus count, the two species presented variations between 1.35 x 104 to 1.51 x 105 CFU.g-1. This represents unsatisfactory conditions of handling, storage and conservation of fish species.
    [Show full text]
  • Distributions of Microorganisms in Foods and Their Impact on Food Safety
    Distributions of microorganisms in foods and their impact on food safety Ida Jongenburger Thesis committee Thesis supervisors Prof. dr. ir. M.H. Zwietering Professor of Food Microbiology Wageningen University Prof. dr. L.G.M. Gorris Professor of Food Microbiology Wageningen University Thesis co-supervisor Dr. ir. M.W. Reij Lecturer at the Laboratory of Food Microbiology Wageningen University Other members Prof. dr. H.C. Boshuizen, Wageningen University Prof. F. Butler, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Prof. dr. ir. A.H. Havelaar, Utrecht University Dr. M.C. Spanjer, Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Utrecht This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of advanced studies in Food Technology, Agrobiotechnology, Nutrition and Health Sciences (VLAG) Distributions of microorganisms in foods and their impact on food safety Ida Jongenburger Thesis submittted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Friday March 2 2012 at 4 p.m. in the Aula. Ida Jongenburger Distributions of microorganisms in foods and their impact on food safety 208 pages Thesis Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2012) With references, with summaries in Dutch and English ISBN 978-94-6173-207-1 This thesis is dedicated to my parents, who showed me the way, the truth, and the life (John 14: 6a). P. Jongenburger (1924-2006) C. M. Jongenburger-Bezemer Contents Abstract 9 Chapter 1 Introduction 11 Chapter 2 Impact of microbial distributions on food safety 21 I.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection of Viable Foodborne Pathogens & Spoilage
    Detection of Viable Foodborne Pathogens & Spoilage Microorganisms by Nucleic Acid Amplification Based Platforms Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Linlin Xiao, M.S. Graduate Program in Food Science & Nutrition The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Hua H. Wang, Advisor Dr. M. Monica Giusti, Co-advisor Dr. John Litchfield Dr. Zhongtang Yu Copyright by Linlin Xiao 2011 I Abstract Foodborne disease outbreaks and microbial spoilage threaten public health and cause major financial loss to the food industry and the society. Proper detection of concerned microorganisms in both raw materials and final food productes is a key to control the problems associated with microbial contamination. Several platforms were used to develop accurate, rapid, quantitative, specific and sensitive detection methods for targeted, viable cells, including RNA-based amplification platforms, such as nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), as well as DNA amplification coupled with sample treatment with DNA-intercalating dye propidium monoazide (PMA). In this study, a NASBA-molecular beacon assay targeting 18S ribosomal RNA has been established to investigate its potential to detect viable spoilage yeasts in juice products. Using the developed platform, less than 100 yeast cells per reaction was detected rapidly and specifically. In addition, significant decrease of amplification signals after lethal heat treatments indicated that this platform has the potential for rapid detection of viable spoilage yeasts if combined with quantitative analysis. Listeria monocytogenes contamination is a serious public health issue. The second part of my project compared the suitability of using 16S rRNA, inlA mRNA and rplD ii mRNA as indictors to detect viable L.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Biofilms in the Food Industry—A Comprehensive Review
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Microbial Biofilms in the Food Industry—A Comprehensive Review Conrado Carrascosa 1,*, Dele Raheem 2 , Fernando Ramos 3,4 , Ariana Saraiva 1 and António Raposo 5,* 1 Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain; [email protected] 2 Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law (NIEM), Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland; braheem@ulapland.fi 3 Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; [email protected] 4 REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142 Oporto, Portugal 5 CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (A.R.) Abstract: Biofilms, present as microorganisms and surviving on surfaces, can increase food cross- contamination, leading to changes in the food industry’s cleaning and disinfection dynamics. Biofilm is an association of microorganisms that is irreversibly linked with a surface, contained in an ex- tracellular polymeric substance matrix, which poses a formidable challenge for food industries. To avoid biofilms from forming, and to eliminate them from reversible attachment and irreversible stages, where attached microorganisms improve surface adhesion, a strong disinfectant is required to eliminate bacterial attachments. This review paper tackles biofilm problems from all perspec- tives, including biofilm-forming pathogens in the food industry, disinfectant resistance of biofilm, Citation: Carrascosa, C.; Raheem, D.; and identification methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Yoghurt Added with Lactobacillus Casei and Sweetened with Natural Sweeteners And/Or Prebiotics: Implications on Quality Parameters and Probiotic Survival
    International Dairy Journal 97 (2019) 139e148 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Dairy Journal journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/idairyj Yoghurt added with Lactobacillus casei and sweetened with natural sweeteners and/or prebiotics: Implications on quality parameters and probiotic survival Guilherme M. Costa a, Marlon M. Paula a, Carlos Eduardo Barao~ a, Suellen J. Klososki a, * Elton G. Bonafe b, Jesuí V. Visentainer b, Adriano G. Cruz c, Tatiana Colombo Pimentel a, d, a Instituto Federal do Parana (IFPR) e Campus Paranavaí, Rua Jose Felipe Tequinha, 1400, Jardim das Naçoes,~ Paranavaí, Parana, 87703-536, Brazil b Universidade Estadual de Maringa (UEM), Departamento de Química, Av. Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitario, 87020-900, Brazil c Instituto Federal de Educaçao,~ Ci^encia e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, 20270-021, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil d Universidade Pitagoras Unopar, Programa de Mestrado em Ci^encia e Tecnologia de Leite e Derivados, Rua Marselha, 591 Parque Res. Joao~ Piza, Londrina, Parana, 86041-120, Brazil article info abstract Article history: The effect of addition of natural sugar substitutes (stevia, erythritol or xylitol) and prebiotics (oligo- Received 25 November 2018 fructose or polydextrose) on physicochemical characteristics, probiotic survival (Lactobacillus casei) and Received in revised form sensory acceptance of yoghurts during storage (7 C, 28 days) was evaluated. Yoghurts with sucrose or 22 May 2019 sucralose were also prepared. Xylitol and sucralose added yoghurts had physicochemical characteristics Accepted 22 May 2019 and sensory acceptance similar to those of the product with sucrose. Xylitol was more efficient in Available online 4 June 2019 maintenance of textural characteristics and probiotic survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions (SGIC) than sucralose.
    [Show full text]