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CHARLES EDWARD CLARXE, B. 3. a THESI3 in Qeoloay Submltted To

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CHARLES EDWARD CLARXE, B. 3. a THESI3 in Qeoloay Submltted To 1 " C0N0D0NT3 FROM THE aLSN DEAN TORHATION OF K :rr AND E(iUIVALENT FX)RKATI0NS OF VIRQINIA AND WEST VIRQINIA by CHARLES EDWARD CLARXE, B. 3. A THESI3 IN QEOLOaY Submltted to the Graduate Faculty of Texae Technologlcal College In Partlal Fulflllment of the Requlrements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIE.^;CE k. / TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTIOM 1 Purpoee and Scope 1 Prevloui Work In the Area 1 Methodi of Study 3 Acknowledgments ^ STRATICRAPHY 5 CONODONT FAUNA 21 Abundance of the Fauna 22 Stratlgraphlc Impllcatlons of the Fauna 2k- Unlformlty of the Fauna 25 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 2S LIST OF REFERENCES 29 APPENDIX A: Syetematlc Deecrlptlone 33 Qenus Cavusgnathue 33 CavusgnathuB convexa Rexroad 33 CavuBgnathue crlstata Braneon and Mehl 3I4. CavusgnathuB unlcornis Youngqulst and Mlller . 36 Oenut CeniculatuB 37 Ceniculatufl of. 0. claviger (Roundy) 37 GenuB QnathoduB kO CnathoduB bilineatus (Roundy) kO Q-nathoduB modoceneÍB Rexroad , k2 Oenus Ligonodina kk ii 111 Ligonodina cbunca Rexroad ^^ OenuB Lonchodina ^ Lonchodina furniBhi Rexroad ^ Lonchodina cf. L. paraclarki HaeB 5^ GenuB Metalonohodina 5^ Metalonchodina ep. ^l OenuB NeoprionioduB 53 NeoprionioduB ligo (Hati) 53 NeoprionioduB scituluB (Branson and Mehl) ... 55 NeoprionioduB cf. N. eingulariB (HaBB) .... 5^ Q-enuB Ozarkodina 5^ Ogarkodina compreeea Rexroad 5^ Q-enus SpathognathoduB 6o Spathognathodus campbelli Rexroad 6o SpethognHthodus cf. ^. comautatus BranBon and Mehl 6l ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE3 1, Conodont Colleoting Localities 2 ?• Qeneraliztd Correlation of the Cheeter Seriøt in the Area of 3tudy B 3. Yellov Rock, locality 1 10 k. Pine Hlll, locality 2 12 IT 5. Big Stone Gap, locality 3 1*^ 6. Qreendale, looallty k 16 7. Biehop, looality 5 iS S. Alta, locality 6 20 TABLE !• Qeographlc Occurrence of Conodont SpecicB 27 PLATE 1. Olen Dean •^ABsemblage-Zone" Conodonts M ABSTRACT The conodont fauna from the Qlen Dean Llaestone of eaetern Kentucky, Cove Creek Limeetone and Bluefield Shale of western Virginia, flnd Bluefield Group of southeaBtern Wtst Virginia 1B deBcribed, SampleB were collected fro« 8lx localities and virtually every eample from limeetone and many froa fhale yielded conodonte. Thlrty-four •pecleB were recognized and are refer- ftble to fourteen genera: Cavuegnathus, GeniculatuB, Q-natho- due, Hlbbardella, Kladognathus, Lambdagnathut, Ligonodina, LonchoQÍna, Meta 1 onohodina, ^ieoprionic 1-;P , Ozarkodina, Roundya, Spathognathodus, and Subbryantodue. The fauna is unaffected by lithologic variatione and 8how8 no geographic restrictions. The writer proposea that the Qlen Dean Limeetona, Cove Creek Limestone, Bluefield Shele, and Bluefield Qroup conBtitute a Bingle CavuBgnathus unicornis ABBemblage—zone. INTRÛDUCTION Purpoee and Scope The purpoee of thie theelfl ifl to preeent a etudy of conodontB from the Qlen Dean and equivalent formationfl from flelected outcrope In eaatern Kentucky, weetern Virginla and floutheafltern West Virginla. The Qlen Dean and adjacent formations were chosen for Btudy because: 1. Correlation of the formatione ÍB well efltablish- ed; therefore, time equivalency of the varioue formationfl Is aeeured. 2. The Qlen Dean Formation contains an abundant oonodont fauna In the Illinoifl Baein (1,P). 3. Afl the Qlen Dean equlvalente become thicker and contain more claetic bede In the eaetern part of the area, they become preferred units for biofaciee analysefl (2). PreviouB Work in the Area Rexroad (1) publlflhed a preliminary report concern- ing oonodonts from the Cheeter Seriee In the type area of 8outhwefltern IllinoiB. Later he publiehed a more detailed fltudy of the conodont fauna of the Qlen Dean Formation around the margin of the Illlnolfl Baein (?). The preeent paper ie a further evaluation of the Qlen Dean fauna. «) • H Methodfl of 5tudy Fleld Prooedure8 From each expoeure, compoflite flamplee of all lithio unitfl except eandfltone ware oollected. Qenerally, cono- dontfi from flandetone are not preeerred well enough for Iden- tification. Each sample wm8 approximately five feet thlrk. Composlte eamplee, two f€»!t thick, were takcn from the Pine Hill secticn (locality 2, figure 1). Each lithic unit iimt deBcribed and a numerlcal designation asfligned tc it. Laboratory Proceduree Approximately 600 grame from each eamplt vas treat- td to recover conodonts. Limestont eamplee wtre cruehed to lees than 5/í5 inch prior to digeetion in 10 percent acetic acid. Mofit ehales were disaggregated by boiling in water and flodium bicarbonate, but othere were dÍBaociated by uie of the Campbell microfoflsil waehing •aohine or eoaklng In Stoddard Solvfint (naphtha). ReBiduoe wtre ecrtened and the portion retained between the 20- and lOO-mesh flortens vat conoentrated by gravity ecparation in bromoform. Conodonte picked from the heavy rcBiduefl were grouped, firtt by 8( plt and looation number, then regrouped by genue and tpeciee. Identification of flDCcimenfl wae based on work of prcviouB authorfl. The fauna is rccordcd on the oocurrenot ohJ.rt (Table 1). Ackr;owledga:ent8 The writer ie indebted to Dr. John P. Brand, who acrved as chairman of the thesÍB committee and adviecd throughout all Dhaetfl of the work. Mr. Deekin H. Shurbet, Jr. and other menbers of the Qeology Department of Texae Tcchnological College provided aBflÍBtance and laboratory facllitlee. Thankt are aleo due Dr. Carl B. Rexroad, formerly of Texas Technological College now In the department of geology, the University of Houston, who suggefitcd the prob- lem, and provided Bamplee for study. Othere who generously gave time and energy to thle Btudy are Dr. David H. Swann of the IllinoÍB State Qeologi- oal Survey, who collccted samplcfl at the yellow Rook quarry (locality 1). Qrover Emrlch, aleo of the IllinoÍB Survey, aided Dr. Rexroad In collecting ^amples from the reraaining localiticfl. 3TRATI 3?.ArHY The Qlen Dean Limestonc, Cove Creek Limeetont, Bluefield Shalc are distinct lithoetratigraphic unitfl and deeignate three facice of the eamt bioetratigraphio unit In the area of study (3). The Qlen Dean Limcstonc wae named by Butts (^4-) from Qlen Dean, Brcokenridge County, Kentucky; the Cove Creek Limestone was also named by Butts (5:16) from Cove Creck 5 miles southwest of Mendota, Scott Gounty, Viri^inia; the Eluefield Shalc wae named by Campbell (6) from Blue- field, Merccr County, Wcet Virginia (3). At Alta, Qreenbrier County, Wcet Virginia (locality 6, figure 1), a eomewhat doubtful (7»^) Qlen Dean Limestone cquivalent is known as the Blupfield Qroup. This Qroup ie tht lowcrmost portion of the Mauch Chunk Serlcfl and is sub- divided Into scveral formationa (9>10). Inasmuch as tht Olen Dcan Limestone, Cove Crcek Limestone, Bluefield Shale, and Bluefield Qroup are characteriied by a eimilar definl- tive fauna, the writer propoflee that thcsc four lithio unltfl belong to a single a88tmblage-zonc. Accordingly, ^ Hedberg (11). The ateemblage-zone may bc dcfined a8 a btd or group of bcde charaoteriied by a oertain aeto- clation or aeetmblage of fossil formt, distinctive either with rcepect to the taxonomic entitlee re- rceenttd, tht abundance of flDecimens, or both. The »^flemblagt-rone ie uBually namtd from flome one foflflil form which is particu- unltfl aflflignable to either of the aforcmentioned litho- etratlgraphic unite will be rcferrcd to aa the "aflBemblage- rone.* A etoondary purposc of this study is to aeflign defi- nitc gencric or flpecific nomenolature to thie "ae^tmblagt- zone. •• The Qlen Dean '•atsemblage-zone, " although variable in thickncBB and oompoBÍtion, ia a well defined unit over •OBt of thc arca of study. In Kentucky (localitiee 1 and 2), it overlies, with secming conformity, the Hardinsburg ( ••Pencil Cavc") Formation. McFarlan and Walkcr (12) report- ed thc "Pencil Cavc" to be corrclative with the Hardinsburg Formation, a well cstablished unit in the standard Cheeter Scritt, Unconformably overlying the Qlen Dean Llmtttont at localiticB 1 and 2, are bede of the Pottsville Series of Ptnneylvanian agt. In Virginia (localities 3, k and 5), tht Stony Qap Sandstone Membcr of thc Pennington Formation conformably overliee the Qlen Dean '•atBtmblage-ione;" which, in turn, overlies the Qaeper Limeetone, an equivalent to the upper Qrcenbricr. Near Qretndale (locality k), a relatively thin larly reprcscntative of the aBBcmblagc, although it need not be confined to the unit or found in evcry Dart of it. Thc asflemblage-zone is morc or lcflfl eynonymoufl with what have bcen called faunizones or florizones. The horizontal and vertical extent of an aBsemblage-zonc is limited to the obBcrvcd horizontal and vertical extent of the atBtmblagt. tandetont, looally calltd tht Fido Sandetone, licfl bttwetn tht "aettmblagt-zont*' and Qaeptr Formation (3:3^9). In Vttt Virginia (locality 6) the Qlen Dean '•atfl blage-zont" oonformably overlicfl the Qrtenbritr Limtttont and Í8 overlain oonformably by the Hinton Qroup of the Mauch Chunk Scriefl. The llthologic sequence of the BÍX eeotionfl is glv tn in figures 3-S. Samplcs which oontain conodonte are thown in black. The stratigraphic ooflition of the Qlen Dtan •'assemblagt-zone*' is shown in figure 2. Lithically, thc sampled flections vary from 100 per cent limcfltonc In Kentucky, to domlnantly flhale at tht Blshop, Virginia section. The limestone portlonfl of the Qlen Dean are ueually medium gray, medium grained, crinold al, oolitic, BiliccouB or argillaccouB and foflflilifcroue. The flhales are variegated, caloareouB or Biliceoufl and fre quently contain limestonc, sandBtone, or siltfltone inter- bedfl. • p . TJ •H Gr o rou CsO c o U •H a> c o o. 01 a> tû >» c o *-> 3 TJ •H C li *J o «J C O ^ u o -rH -H • . «-> a> -H U a> ^ *-> t* ^ c> V) O X o •H c n •J —- a> c <M 0) a> *-> o 3 •H « « S 'fi O r-H u 3 U •H V .J CQ a. •-i O -J < fí S9TJ8S ^ Linqo qonBW _ >H <u Q - • • —t r^ fi 10 <a E- LTN u. cn a JC co 03 o CO « •H >, a> c C -H u c CL, C 4-> c o O tJ -o 01 o o •rH -r^ -O* o *-> ^ 4 >-t o. ^ 'iDrH r^ *-) a> a> n (0 < U 0) — (A o 5 E •H 4 a> U] •H O 0) c ac o <M o a aí > O 3 •H c«.
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