83158 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR special management consideration or materials concerning this proposal by protection because they are already any one of several methods: Fish and Wildlife Service protected and managed to the benefit of You may submit written comments these . Thus, these areas do not and information to the Field Supervisor, 50 CFR Part 17 meet the definition of critical . U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific RIN 1018±AH08 For one additional species from Islands Office, 300 Ala Moana Blvd., , Labordia triflora, we P.O. Box 50088, Honolulu, HI 96850– Endangered and Threatened Wildlife determined that designation of critical 0001. and ; Determinations of Whether habitat was prudent at the time of its You may send comments by Designation of Critical Habitat Is listing as an in electronic mail (e-mail) to Prudent for 20 Species and the 1999. Critical habitat designation for [email protected]. Please Proposed Designations of Critical this species is proposed at this time. submit comments in ASCII file format Habitat for 32 Plant Species From the In other proposed rules we and avoid the use of special characters Island of Molokai, HI determined that critical habitat was and encryption. Please include ‘‘Attn: prudent for 19 species that occur on 1018–AH08’’ and your name and return AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Molokai as well as on Kauai, Niihau, address in your e-mail message. If you Interior. Maui, Kahoolawe, and/or Lanai. The do not receive a confirmation from the ACTION: Proposed rule and notice of determinations were included in system that we have received your e- determinations of whether designation proposed rules for Kauai and Niihau, mail message, contact us directly by of critical habitat is prudent. published on November 7, 2000, for calling our Pacific Islands Office at SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Maui and Kahoolawe, published on phone number 808/541–3441. Please Wildlife Service (Service), have December 18, 2000, or for Lanai, note that the e-mail address l l reconsidered our findings concerning published on December 27, 2000. These (mo crithab [email protected]) will be whether designating critical habitat for species are: Adenophorous periens, closed out at the termination of the 20 federally protected plants from the Alectryon macrococcus, Centarium public comment period. island of Molokai, some of which may sebaeoides, Ctenitis squamigera, You may hand-deliver written also occur on other Hawaiian Islands, grimesiana ssp. grimesiana, Diellia comments to our Pacific Islands Office would be prudent. The 20 plants were erecta, Hedyotis mannii, at 300 Ala Moana Blvd., Room 3–122, listed as endangered or threatened Hesperomannia arborescens, Honolulu, HI. species under the Endangered Species Ischaemum byrone, Comments and materials received, as Act of 1973, as amended (Act), between mucronulata, Neraudia sericea, well as supporting documentation used 1991 and 1999. At the time each plant Peucedanum sandwicense, Plantago in the preparation of this proposed rule was listed, we determined that princeps, Platanthera holochila, will be available for public inspection, designation of critical habitat was not nuttallii, Sesbania tomentosa, by appointment, during normal business prudent because designation would Spermolepis hawaiiensis, Vigna o- hours at the Pacific Islands Office. increase the degree of threat to the wahuensis, and Zanthoxylum FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Paul species and/or would not benefit the hawaiiense. Critical habitat designations Henson, Field Supervisor, Pacific plant. for 14 of the 19 species on Molokai are Islands Office (see ADDRESSES section) We determine that critical habitat is proposed at this time. Critical habitat is (telephone: 808/541–3441; facsimile: prudent for 19 of these species ( not proposed for five of these species 808/541–3470). wiebkei, Brighamia rockii, (Adenophorus periens, Hedyotis SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: molokaiensis, Clermontia oblongifolia mannii, Plantago princeps, ssp. brevipes, Cyanea dunbarii, Cyanea Plantanthera holochila, and Schiedea Background mannii, Cyanea procera, Hibiscus nuttallii) that currently are found in We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife arnottianus ssp. immaculatus, areas on Molokai that do not require Service (Service), have reconsidered our maxima, Mariscus fauriei, special management or protection findings concerning whether Marsilea villosa, Melicope reflexa, because they are already protected and designating critical habitat for 20 mannii, Schiedea lydgatei, managed to the benefit of these species. federally protected plants from the , , Thus, these areas do not meet the island of Molokai is prudent. Currently, Silene lanceolata, bifida, and definition of critical habitat. 15 of these species (Bidens wiebkei, Tetramolopium rockii) because the Critical habitat designations for 32 Canavalia molokaiensis, Clermontia potential benefits of designating critical species within 28 critical habitat units oblongifolia ssp. brevipes, Cyanea habitat essential for the conservation of on the Hawaiian island of Molokai are dunbarii, Cyanea mannii, Cyanea these species outweigh the risks that proposed at this time. procera, Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. may result from human activity because We solicit data and comments from immaculatus, Lysimachia maxima, of critical habitat designation. We the public on all aspects of this Melicope reflexa, munroi, propose that critical habitat designation proposal, including data on the Schiedea lydgatei, Schiedea is not prudent for one species, economic and other impacts of the sarmentosa, Silene alexandri, Stenogyne Pritchardia munroi, because it would proposed designations. We may revise bifida, and Tetramolopium rockii) are likely increase the threat from this proposal to incorporate or address endemic to the island of Molokai while vandalism or collection of this species new information received during the three species (Mariscus fauriei, Marsilea on Molokai. This proposed rule also comment period. villosa, and Silene lanceolata) are proposes designation of critical habitat DATES: We must receive comments from known from Molokai as well as one or for 17 of these 20 species. Critical all interested parties by February 27, more other islands. One species, habitat is not proposed for two species, 2001. Public hearing requests must be Brighamia rockii, was known from Lysimachia maxima and Phyllostegia received by February 12, 2001. Lanai, Maui, and Molokai but currently mannii, that are currently found only in ADDRESSES: If you wish to comment, is extant only on Molokai. Another areas on Molokai that do not require you may submit your comments and species, Phyllostegia mannii, was

VerDate 112000 18:18 Dec 28, 2000 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\29DEP2.SGM pfrm10 PsN: 29DEP2 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules 83159 known from Maui and Molokai but Schiedea nuttallii, Sesbania tomentosa, Hedyotis mannii, Plantago princeps, currently is extant only on Molokai Spermolepis hawaiiensis, Vigna o- Platanthera holochila, and Schiedea (Table 1). wahuensis, and Zanthoxylum nuttallii) that currently are found only Prudency determinations for 19 other hawaiiense) which also occur on the in areas on Molokai that are protected species (Adenophorous periens, islands of Kauai, Maui and/or Lanai and managed for the benefit of these Alectryon macrococcus, Centarium were published in proposed rules on species. sebaeoides, Ctenitis squamigera, Cyanea November 7, 2000 (Kauai and Niihau, In addition, for one species in this grimesiana ssp. grimesiana, Diellia 65 FR 66808), on December 18, 2000 proposed rule, Labordia triflora, we erecta, Hedyotis mannii, (Maui and Kahoolawe, 65 FR 79192), or determined that designation of critical Hesperomannia arborescens, on December 27, 2000 (Lanai). Critical habitat was prudent at the time of its Ischaemum byrone, Melicope habitat designations for 14 of these 19 listing as an endangered species in mucronulata, Neraudia sericea, species on Molokai are proposed at this 1999. Critical habitat designation for Peucedanum sandwicense, Plantago time. Critical habitat is not proposed for this species on Molokai is proposed at princeps, Platanthera holochila, five species (Adenophorous periens, this time.

TABLE 1.ÐSUMMARY OF ISLAND DISTRIBUTION OF 49 SPECIES ON MOLOKAI

Island Distribution Species N.W. Isles, Kauai Oahu Molokai Lanai Maui Hawaii Kahoolawe Niihau

Adenophorus periens (pendant kihi fern) ...... CHCRRC Alectryon macrococcus (mahoe) ...... C C C ...... C ...... Bidens wiebkei (ko oko olau) ...... C ...... Bonamia menziesii (No common name) ...... CCHCCC Brighamia rockii (pua ala) ...... C H H ...... Canavalia molokaiensis (awikiwiki) ...... C ...... Centaurium sebaeoides (awiwi) ...... CCCCC...... Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes (oha wai) ...... C ...... Ctenitis squamigera (pauoa) ...... HCCCCH Cyanea dunbarii (haha) ...... C ...... Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana (haha) ...... CCCC...... Cyanea mannii (haha) ...... C ...... Cyanea procera (haha) ...... C ...... Cyperus trachysanthos (pu ukaa) ...... CCHH...... Ni (C) Diellia erecta (No common name) ...... HHCHCC Eugenia Koolauensis (nioi) ...... C H ...... Flueggea neowawraea (mehamehame) ...... C C H ...... C C Hedyotis mannii (pilo) ...... C C C ...... Hesperomannia arborescens (No common name) ...... CCHC...... Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus (kokio ke okeo) ...... C ...... Hibiscus brackenridgei (mao hau hele) ...... HCHCCCKa (R) Ischaemum byrone (Hilo ischaemum) ...... R H C ...... C C Isodendrion pyrifolium (wahine noho kula) ...... HHHHCNi (H) Labordia triflora (Kamakahala) ...... C ...... Lysimachia maxima (No common name) ...... C ...... Mariscus faurei (No common name) ...... C H ...... C Marsilea villosa (ini ihi) ...... C C ...... Ni (H) Melicope mucronulata (alani) ...... C ...... C ...... Melicope reflexa (alani) ...... C ...... Neraudia sericea (No common name) ...... C H C ...... Ka (H) Peucedanum sandwicense (makou) ...... C C C ...... C ...... Phyllostegia mannii (No common name) ...... C ...... H ...... Phyllostegia mollis (No common name) ...... C H ...... C ...... Plantago princeps (ale) ...... C C C ...... C H Platanthera holochila (No common name) ...... C H C ...... C ...... Pritchardia munroi (loulu) ...... C ...... Pteris lidgatei (No common name) ...... C H ...... C ...... Schiedea lydgatei (No common name) ...... C ...... Schiedea nuttallii (No common name) ...... C C C ...... R ...... Schiedea sarmentosa (No common name) ...... C ...... Sesbania tomentosa (ohai) ...... CCCHCCNi (H), Ka (C), NW Isles (C) Silena alexandri (No common name) ...... C ...... Silene lanceolata (No common name) ...... HCCH...... C Solanum incompletum (popolo ku mai) ...... H ...... HHHC Spermolepis hawaiiensis (No common name) ...... CCCCCC (No common name) ...... C ...... Tetramolopium rockii (No common name) ...... C ...... Vigna o-wahuensis (No common name) ...... HCCCCNi (H), Ka (C) Zanthoxylum hawaiiense (a e) ...... C ...... CHCC

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Key: C (Current)Ðpopulation last observed within the past 30 years. H (Historical)Ðpopulation not seen for more than 30 years. R (Reported)Ðreported from undocumented observations.

An additional nine species are known Endangered Species Act of 1973, as Hawaii directed us to review the on Molokai only from historical records amended (Act), between 1991 and 1999. prudency determinations for 245 listed (pre-1970) or from undocumented At the time 39 of these plants were plant species in Hawaii, including 39 of observations. Prudency determinations listed, we determined that designation these species (2 F. Supp. 2d 1280). On and proposed critical habitat of critical habitat was not prudent August 10, 1998, the court ordered us to designations or non-designations for because designation would increase the publish proposed critical habitat these species which still occur on other degree of threat to the species and/or designations or non-designations for at islands are/will be included in the would not benefit the plant. These are least 100 species by November 30, 2000, proposed rules for the islands on which not prudent determinations, along with and to publish proposed designations or they currently occur (Table 2). 206 others, were challenged in non-designations for the remaining 145 The 40 plants at issue in this Conservation Council for Hawaii v. species by April 30, 2002 (24 F. Supp. proposed rule were listed as endangered Babbitt. On March 9, 1998, the United or threatened species under the States District Court for the District of 2d 1074).

TABLE 2.ÐLIST OF PROPOSED RULES IN WHICH PRUDENCY DETERMINATIONS AND CRITICAL HABITAT DESIGNATIONS WILL BE MADE FOR NINE SPECIES THAT NO LONGER OCCUR ON MOLOKAI

Proposed rule in which prudency will be de- Proposed rules in which critical habitat des- Species termined ignations will be proposed

Bonamia menziesii ...... Kauai and Niihau (65 FR 66808) ...... Kauai and Niihau (65 FR 66808); Maui and Kahoolawe (65 FR 79192); Lanai; Hawaii; Oahu. Cyperus trachysanthos ...... Kauai and Niihau (65 FR 66808) ...... Kauai and Niihau (65 FR 66808); Oahu. Eugenia koolauensis ...... Oahu ...... Oahu. Flueggea neowawraea ...... Kauai and Niihau (65 FR 66808) ...... Kauai and Niihau (65 FR 66808); Maui and Kahoolawe (65 FR 79192); Hawaii; Oahu. Hibiscus brackenridgei ...... Maui and Kahoolawe (65 FR 79192) ...... Maui and Kahoolawe (65 FR 79192); Lanai; Hawaii; Oahu. Isodendrion pyrifolium ...... Hawaii ...... Hawaii. Phyllostegia mollis ...... Maui and Kahoolawe (65 FR 79192) ...... Maui and Kahoolawe (65 FR 79192); Oahu. Pteris lidgatei ...... Oahu ...... Oahu. Solanum incompletum ...... Hawaii ...... Hawaii.

We determined that designation of Lysimachia maxima, Mariscus fauriei, The Island of Molokai critical habitat was prudent for Labordia Marsilea villosa, Melicope reflexa, triflora at the time it was listed and Phyllostegia mannii, Schiedea lydgatei, The island of Molokai, the fifth largest stated in the final listing rule that we Schiedea sarmentosa, Silene alexandri, in the Hawaiian Islands chain, is would develop a critical habitat Silene lanceolata, Stenogyne bifida, approximately 61 kilometers (km) (38 miles (mi)) long, up to 17 km (10 mi) designation for this taxon, along with Tetramolopium rockii) because the wide, and encompasses an area of about nine others from Maui, Molokai, Lanai, potential benefits of designating critical 688 sq km (266 sq mi) (57 FR 46325). or Kahoolawe (the Maui Nui species) at habitat essential for the conservation of the same time we developed the Three shield volcanoes make up most of these species outweigh the risks of the land mass of Molokai: West Molokai designations for the 245 Hawaiian plant designation as a result of human species. In Conservation Council for Mountain, East Molokai Mountain, and activity. We propose that critical habitat a volcano that formed Kalaupapa Hawaii v. Babbitt, Civ. No. 99–00283 designation is not prudent for one HG (D. Haw. Aug. 19, 1999, Feb. 16, Peninsula (57 FR 46325). species, Pritchardia munroi, because it 2000, and March 28, 2000), the United would likely increase the threat from The taller and larger East Molokai States District Court for the District of Mountain rises 1,813 meters (m) (4,970 vandalism or collection of this species Hawaii ordered us to publish proposed feet (ft)) above sea level and comprises on Molokai. critical habitat designations for these ten roughly 50 percent of the island’s area Maui Nui species by November 30, Critical habitat is proposed for (57 FR 46325). Topographically, the 2000, and to publish final critical designation within 28 critical habitat windward side of East Molokai differs habitat designations by November 30, units on the island of Molokai. The land from the leeward side. Precipitous cliffs 2001. This prudency determination and area within these units totals 6,165 line the northern windward coast and proposed rule designating critical hectares (ha) (15,230 acres (ac)). If this deep inaccessible valleys dissect the habitat for 32 plants from the island of proposal is made final, section 7 of the coastal area. The annual rainfall on the Molokai respond to these court orders. Act would prohibit destruction or windward side is 200 to over 375 We propose that critical habitat is adverse modification of critical habitat centimeters (cm) (75 to over 150 inches prudent for 19 species (Bidens wiebkei, through any activity funded, authorized, (in)), distributed throughout the year. Brighamia rockii, Canavalia or carried out by any Federal agency. The soils are poorly drained and high in molokaiensis, Clermontia oblongifolia Section 4 of the Act requires us to organic matter. The gulches and valleys ssp. brevipes, Cyanea dunbarii, Cyanea consider economic and other impacts of are usually very steep, but sometimes mannii, Cyanea procera, Hibiscus specifying any particular area as critical gently sloping (57 FR 46325). Much of arnottianus ssp. immaculatus, habitat. the native vegetation on the northern

VerDate 112000 19:11 Dec 28, 2000 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\29DEP2.SGM pfrm10 PsN: 29DEP2 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules 83161 part of East Molokai is intact because of humans of those plants found along the flower, the floral lobes, and the its relative inaccessibility to humans trails (HINHP Database 2000; 57 FR green hypanthium. This subspecies and animals, although destructive 46325). differs from others of the species by the ungulates have begun to enter the shape and length of its leaves, leaf Canavalia molokaiensis (awikiwiki) coastline in recent years (57 FR 46325). stalks, and flower stalks (Lammers 1988, Canavalia molokaiensis, a member of 1999). Discussion of the Plant Taxa the legume family (), is a short- No life history information for this Species Endemic to Molokai lived perennial climbing herb with species is currently available (USFWS twining branches with leaves made up 1996a). Bidens wiebkei (ko oko olau) of three lance-shaped or sometimes oval Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes Bidens wiebkei, a member of the aster leaflets. The only species of this is known from a single population of family (), is a short-lived found on Molokai, this plant can be five individuals on the privately owned perennial herb which is somewhat distinguished from others in the genus land of the Nature Conservancy of woody at the base and grows from 0.5 by its narrower leaflets and its larger, Hawaii’s (TNCH) Kamakou Preserve to 1 m (1.6 to 3.3 ft) tall with opposite, rose-purple flowers (57 FR 46325; (HINHP Database 2000; USFWS 1996a; pinnately compound leaves. This plant Wagner and Herbst 1999). Joel Lau, HINHP, in litt. 2000). The is distinguished from other Bidens This species has been observed in historical range of this subspecies is not species which grow on Molokai by its flower during May and December known (USFWS 1996a). erect habit and the curved or twisted, (HINHP Database 2000). Fruits and Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes winged achenes (57 FR 46325; Ganders flowers were observed in March (HINHP occurs in shallow soil on gulch slopes and Nagata 1999). Database 2000). No additional life in the wet - This species was observed in flower history information is currently dominated at an elevation during May (Hawaii Natural Heritage available (USFWS 1996a). between 1,100 and 1,200 m (3,500 and Program (HINHP) database 2000). No Historically, Canavalia molokaiensis 4,320 ft) (HINHP Database 2000; J. Lau, additional life history information is was known from East Molokai at in litt. 2000). Associated plant species currently available ( Fish Kalaupapa, Pelekunu, and farther south include trigynum and Wildlife Service (USFWS) 1996a). in Kahuaawi Gulch, and the region of (olapa), spp. (hapuu), Historically Bidens wiebkei was Manawai (HINHP Database 2000). It Broussaisia argutus (kanawao), Hedyotis known from Pelekunu and the now has a more restricted range, from terminalis (manono), and Melicope sp. easternmost section of Molokai at Kalaupapa to Waialeia, Kaunakakai, (alani) (J. Lau, in litt. 2000). Halawa (HINHP Database 2000). It is Pelekunu, and Kamakou (HINHP The threats to this species on Molokai found currently in Halawaiki Gulch, Database 2000). There are a total of are habitat degradation by feral pigs; Lamaloa Gulch, and below Puu seven populations containing more than possible predation on the fruit or plant Kolekole on State and privately owned 50 plants on State lands, including parts by (Rattus rattus), as evidence lands (Geographic Decision Systems lands managed by the National Park on related species suggests (USFWS International (GDSI) 2000; HINHP Service at Kalaupapa National Historical 1996a; 57 FR 46325); and random Database 2000). There are a total of three Park, and privately owned lands (GDSI naturally occurring events that may populations containing more than 200 2000; HINHP Database 2000). cause the extinction of the entire taxon individuals (HINHP Database 2000). Canavalia molokaiensis typically due to its single population and very The currently known populations of grows in exposed sites, both dry and low number of individuals. Bidens wiebkei are scattered along steep, mesic, on steep slopes in Metrosideros exposed slopes in Metrosideros polymorpha-Dodonea viscosa lowland Cyanea dunbarii (haha) polymorpha (ohia) dominated mesic shrubland and mesic shrublands Cyanea dunbarii, a member of the shrublands and dry or mesic between 10 and 900 m (30 to 3,060 ft) bellflower family (), is a Metrosideros polymorpha- in elevation (HINHP Database 2000). short-lived perennial, branched shrub tameiameiae (pukiawe) lowland Associated plant species include 1.5 to 2 m (4.9 to 6.6 ft) tall with oval shrubland between 250 and 1,050 m Artemesia sp. (hinahina), Chamaesyce to broadly elliptic leaves that have (820 to 3,450 ft) in elevation, extending sp. (akoko), sp. (pilo), irregularly lobed or cleft margins. This over a distance of 4 by 1.6 km (2.5 by Styphelia tameiameiae, and species is distinguished from others in 1 mi) (Gagne and Cuddihy 1999; HINHP sp. (akia) (HINHP Database this endemic Hawaiian genus by the Database 2000; Ganders and Nagata 2000). lack of prickles on the stems and the 1999). Other associated plant species The threats to this species on Molokai irregularly lobed and cleft leaf margins include Antidesma sp. (hame), Dodonea include habitat degradation by feral (Lammers 1999). viscosa (aalii), Canthium odoratum ungulates such as goats and pigs (Sus Cyanea dunbarii was observed in (alahee), Lysimachia sp. (kolokolo scrofa), possible predation by feral flower, with immature fruit, in kuahiwi), Nestegis sandwicensis goats, and competition with non-native September (HINHP Database 2000). No (olopua), Phyllanthus sandwicensis plants, such as minutiflora additional life history information is (pamakani-mahu), Pisonia sp. (papala (USFWS 1996a). currently available (USFWS 1998a). kepau), and Scaevola gaudichaudii Cyanea dunbarii was collected in (naupaka kuahiwi) (HINHP Database Clermonita oblongifolia ssp. brevipes 1918 at Waihanau and Waialae Valleys, 2000). (oha wai) and was not observed again until 1992, The major threats to Bidens wiebkei Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes, when Joel Lau of the Hawaii Natural on Molokai, include habitat degradation a member of the bellflower family Heritage Program found it in Mokomoko and possible predation by deer (Axis (Campanulaceae), is a short-lived Gulch on State owned land within axis) and feral goats (Capra hircus); perennial shrub or which reaches a Molokai Forest Reserve (GDSI 2000; competition with non-native plants, height of 2 to 7 m (6.6 to 23 ft). This HINHP Database 2000; 61 FR 53130; such as Melinus minutiflora (molasses species is distinguished from others in Ken , National Tropical Botanical grass) and Schinus terebinthifolius the genus by the structure of its calyx Garden (NTBG), in litt. 2000). Currently, (Christmas berry); fire; and damage by and corolla as well as by the lengths of it is known from a single population of

VerDate 112000 18:18 Dec 28, 2000 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\29DEP2.SGM pfrm10 PsN: 29DEP2 83162 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules approximately 30 mature plants at an 1996a). Since then, eight additional macrocalyx (haiwale), Dicranopteris elevation of 671 m (2,200 ft) (HINHP populations have been discovered in the linearis, , Pisonia spp., Database 2000; K. Wood, in litt. 2000). east and west forks of Kawela Gulch on Scaevola procera (naupaka kuahiwi), Cyanea dunbarii occurs on a the privately owned land of TNCH’s and (olona) streambank in a mesic to wet Kamakou Preserve on East Molokai and (USFWS 1996a). Dicranopteris linearis (uluhe)- within the State’s Molokai Forest Threats to Cyanea procera on Molokai Metrosideros polymorpha lowland Reserve (K. Wood, in litt. 2000; HINHP are predation by feral rats (as suggested forest on moderate to steep slopes Database 2000). These nine populations by evidence on related species) and (HINHP Database 2000). Associated contain approximately 200 individuals goats; habitat degradation by feral goats species include on State and privately owned lands and pigs; through sandwicianum (hoio), Charpentiera (GDSI 2000; HINHP Database 2000; K. erosion; catastrophic extinction from obovata (papala), Perrottetia Wood, in litt. 2000). naturally occurring events due to the sandwicensis (olomea), Pipturus albidus This species typically grows on the vulnerability of a few populations with (mamaki), Clermontia kakeana sides of deep gulches in Metrosideros a small number of individuals (57 FR (ohawai), Cheirodendron trigynum, and polymorpha dominated montane mesic 46325). Freycinetia arborea (ieie) (USFWS forest at elevations between 559 and Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus 1998a). 1,220 m (1,900 to 4,000 ft) (HINHP (kokio ke okeo) The major threats to this single Database 2000; Lammers 1999; USFWS population of Cyanea dunbarii on 1996a). Associated plant species include Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. Molokai are competition with the non- Wiskstroemia sp., Dicranopteris linearis, immaculatus, a member of the hibiscus native plants Buddleia asiatica and Vaccinium sp. (ohelo) (USFWS family (Malvaceae), is a long-lived (butterfly bush), Erigeron karvinskianus 1996a). perennial tree up to 3 m (10 ft) tall with (daisy fleabane), rosifolius Threats to Cyanea mannii on Molokai alternate, oval, toothed leaves (thimbleberry), Commelina diffusa are habitat degradation by feral pigs; measuring 5 to 7 cm (2 to 2.8 in) long (honohono), Hedychium gardnerianum predation by rats who may feed on the and 4 to 6.5 cm (1.6 to 2.6 in) wide. This (ginger), and Kalanchoe pinnata (air fruit or other parts of the plant, as subspecies is distinguished from other plant); and catastrophic extinction by suggested by evidence from related native Hawaiian members of the genus naturally occurring events such as species; catastrophic extinction through by its white petals and white staminal landslides or flooding, and/or reduced naturally occurring events that this column (Bates 1999; 57 FR 46325). reproductive vigor due to the small species is vulnerable to due to its few This taxon was observed in flower number of individuals in the only populations and small number of during July (HINHP Database 2000). known population. In addition, individuals (USFWS 1996a). Currently, no additional life history predation by rats is a potential threat information is available for this species since rats are known to be in the area Cyanea procera (haha) (USFWS 1996a). and are known to eat stems and fruits Cyanea procera, a member of the Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. of other species of Cyanea; habitat bellflower family (Campanulaceae), is a immaculatus once ranged from degradation and predation by axis deer palm-like short-lived perennial tree 3 to Waihanau Valley east to Papalaua and pigs are other potential threats to 9 m (10 to 30 ft) tall with stalkless, Valley on East Molokai (HINHP this species, because both of these lance-shaped leaves 60 to 75 cm (24 to Database 2000). Currently this taxon is species are known to occur in areas 30 in) long and 10 to 17 cm (3.9 to 6.7 found only west of Papalaua Valley on adjacent to the only known population in) wide with tiny hardened teeth along privately owned land and in the State’s (USFWS 1998a; Cuddihy and Stone the margins. This species can be Olokui NAR above Waiehu (GDSI 2000; 1990). distinguished from other species of the HINHP Database 2000). There are a total genus by its growth habit, its sessile of two populations containing between Cyanea mannii (haha) leaves, and the single-lipped appearance 20 and 30 individuals (HINHP Database Cyanea mannii, a member of the of the corolla (Lammers 1999; 57 FR 2000). bellflower family (Campanulaceae), is a 46325). Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. branched short-lived perennial shrub No life history information is immaculatus individuals are scattered 1.5 to 3 m (5 to 10 ft) tall with narrowly currently available for this species along steep sea cliffs in mesic elliptic or lance-shaped leaves. This (USFWS 1996a). between 15 and 480 m (50 and 1,600 ft) species is distinguished from the seven Historically, Cyanea procera was in elevation (Bates 1999; HINHP other species of the genus on Molokai known only from an unspecified site in Database 2000). Associated native plant by a combination of the following the Kamalo region of East Molokai species include Athyrium spp. (akolea), characters: a branched, woody habit; (HINHP Database 2000). Currently, this Canthium odoratum, Cyanea leaves with small, hardened, marginal species is found on the privately owned grimesiana (haha), Antidesma teeth; and a purplish corolla (Lammers lands of Kamakou Preserve and the platyphyllum (hame), Boehmeria 1999; 57 FR 46325). State’s Puu Alii Natural Area Reserve grandis (akolea), Diospyros Cyanea mannii has been observed in (NAR) in a total of five populations sandwicensis (lama), Pipturis spp. flower during July (HINHP Database containing at least 10 individuals (GDSI (mamaki), Urera glabra (opuhe), and 2000). No additional life history 2000; HINHP Database 2000). Metrosideros polymorpha (HINHP information is currently available Cyanea procera is found on the walls Database 2000). (USFWS 1996a). of steep gulches in wet Metrosideros The major threats to Hibiscus Historically, Cyanea mannii was polymorpha dominated lowland mixed arnottianus spp. immaculatus on known only from Kalae on East Molokai forest between 935 and 1,073 m (3,180 Molokai are habitat destruction by feral (HINHP Database 2000). In 1984, a to 3,650 ft) elevation (HINHP Database goats and catastrophic extinction by single plant was discovered by Joan 2000). Associated plant species include naturally occurring events due to the Aidem on privately owned land west of various species of , vulnerability of the two remaining Puu Kolekole on East Molokai (HINHP Brousaissia arguta, populations and few individuals Database 2000; Lammers 1999; USFWS (pilo), Cyanea spp. (haha), (USFWS 1996a).

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Labordia triflora (kamakahala) Pelekunu Preserve (GDSI 2000; HINHP leaves and petioles have scattered, Labordia triflora, a short-lived Database 2000). mostly deciduous scales and hairs, This species occurs in Metrosideros perennial member of the logan family somewhat larger on the lower leaf ribs. polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis (Loganiaceae), is very similar to The leaves are deeply divided into montane wet forest at an elevation of Labordia tinifolia var. lanaiensis, except segments which have long, drooping 975 m (3,200 ft). Associated species in the following characteristics: the tips. Numerous bisexual or functionally include Psychotria sp. (kopiko), stems of L. triflora are climbing; the leaf male flowers are arranged in clusters on Vaccinium sp., Hedyotis sp. (No hairy, branching stalks which originate stalks are only 1 to 3 millimeters (mm) common name), Dubautia sp. (na ena e), at the leaf bases. The mature fruit is (0.04 to 0.1 in.) long; inflorescence and Ilex anomala (aiae) (HINHP shiny, black, and nearly spherical. This stalks are 40 to 50 mm (1.6 to 2 in.) long; Database 2000). species is distinguished from others of and, each flower stalk is 10 to 25 mm The major threats to Lysimachia the genus by its relatively smooth (0.4 to 1 in.) long (Motley 1995). maxima are catastrophic extinction leaves; the grayish-brown hair on the The flowers of this species are from random environmental events (e.g., inflorescence stalks, which are shorter functionally unisexual (Motley 1995; landslides); reduced reproductive vigor than the petioles; and the small size of HINHP Database 2000). No additional due to the small number of individuals the fruits (Read and Hodel 1999). life history information is available at in the only known population (USFWS Currently, no life history information this time. 1998a); habitat degradation and/or is available for this species (USFWS Until 1990, Labordia triflora was predation by feral pigs and goats that are 1996a). known only from the type collection at known from adjacent areas (USFWS Historically and currently Pritchardia Mapulehu, on the island of Molokai 1998a). munroi is found in leeward East (Motley 1995) and was believed to be Molokai, above Kamalo, near extinct. In 1990, Joel Lau rediscovered Melicope reflexa (alani) Kapuaokoolau Gulch (HINHP Database the species in Kua Gulch on Molokai Melicope reflexa, a long-lived 2000, Read and Hodel 1999). The only (HINHP Database 2000; Motley 1995). perennial of the citrus family known wild individual is found on Currently, only 10 individuals are (), is a sprawling shrub 1 to 3 privately owned land (HINHP Database known from privately owned land m (3.3 to 10 ft) tall with short, 2000). (GDSI 2000; HINHP Database 2000). yellowish-brown, short-lived hairs on The only known wild individual This species occurs in mixed lowland new growth. Opposite leaves with leaf grows near the base of a small ravine in mesic forest, at an elevation of ca. 800 stalks usually over 1 cm (0.4 in) long, remnant dry to mesic forest at an m (2,600 ft). Associated species include larger leaves and fruit, and partially elevation of about 610 m (2,000 ft) (Read Pouteria sandwicensis (alaa), the fused sections of capsule separate it and Hodel 1999). Associated plant federally endangered Cyanea mannii from other species of the genus (Stone species include , (haha), and Tetraplasandra spp. (ohe et al. 1999). Metrosideros polymorpha, Styphelia ohe) (Motley 1995). Currently, no life history information tameiameiae, and Pleomele aurea (hala The threats to Labordia triflora is available for this species (USFWS pepe) (HINHP Database 2000). include habitat degradation and 1996a). Threats to the only known wild destruction by feral pigs and goats; Historically, Melicope reflexa individual of Pritchardia munroi predation by rats that eat seeds; occurred from a ridge between include habitat degradation by competition with the non-native plant Hanalilolilo and Pepeopae in Kamakou ungulates (axis deer, goats, and pigs) species Schinus terebinthifolius (Motley Preserve to as far east as Halawa on East around its fenced exclosure prevent the 1995); catastrophic extinction through Molokai (HINHP Database 2000). The establishment of seedlings; predation of environmental events and reduced three remaining populations of fewer seeds by rats; catastrophic extinction by reproductive vigor due to the species’ than a total of 1,000 individuals are on random environmental events (e.g., fire) few populations and small number of State and private lands in Honomuni, due to its extreme rarity (57 FR 46325; individuals (64 FR 48307). the Wailau-Mapulehu summit area, and USFWS 1996a). Lysimachia maxima (no common name) Kukuinui Ridge in Wailau Valley (GDSI Schiedea lydgatei (no common name) 2000; HINHP Database 2000). Lysimachia maxima, a member of the Melicope reflexa typically grows in Schiedea lydgatei, a member of the primrose family (), is a wet Metrosideros polymorpha pink family (), is a low, sprawling short-lived perennial shrub dominated forest with native such hairless perennial plant with branched with reddish brown bark. This species as Cheirodendron sp. (olapa) at stems 10 to 40 cm (4 to 16 in) long is differentiated from others in this elevations between 760 and 1,190 m which are woody at the base. The genus by the leaves borne in groups of (2,490 and 3,900 ft) (Stone et al. 1999). opposite, three-veined leaves are three, the broadest portion of the leaf Major threats to Melicope reflexa elliptic. Bisexual flowers are arranged in above the middle, and rusty hairs that include habitat degradation and loosely spreading clusters. The capsules disappear with maturity (Wagner et al. predation by ungulates (axis deer and open when mature to reveal dark 1999). feral pigs); competition with the non- reddish-brown seeds. The opposite, Flowers, buds and immature fruit of native plant (Koster’s thin, three-veined leaves with petioles Lysimachia maxima have been observed curse); catastrophic extinction from and the smooth, open flower clusters in late May through July (USFWS environmental events due to species’ with relatively larger, green 1998a). No other life history information few populations and small number of separate this species from other is available for this species (61 FR individuals (57 FR 46325; USFWS members of this endemic Hawaiian 53130). 1996a). genus (Wagner et al. 1999). Lysimachia maxima is only known This species was observed with from a single population containing Pritchardia munroi (loulu) flowers and fruit in June (HINHP between 45 and 50 individuals on the Pritchardia munroi, a member of the Database 2000). Currently, no additional rim of Pelekunu Valley near Ohialele, palm family (), is a perennial life history information is available on the privately owned land of TNCH’s tree about 4 to 5 m (13 to 16 ft) tall. The (USFWS 1996a).

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Historically, Schiedea lydgatei was Schiedea sarmentosa has been found owned land (GDSI 2000; HINHP found in Kalae, Poholua, Makolelau, in Kawela Gulch, Makolelau, and Onini Database 2000). and Ohia Gulch on East Molokai Gulch (HINHP Database 2000). The only known population is found (HINHP Database 2000). This species is Currently, only two populations are in remnant dry forest and shrubland at now known from two scattered known to be extant. One population on an elevation between 610 and 760 m populations in a more restricted area in the boundary of the privately owned (2,000 and 2,500 ft) (HINHP Database Makakupaia, Kawela, and Makolelau. land of TNCH’s Kamakou Preserve and 2000; Wagner, et al. 1999). Associated The two populations are distributed State owned land in Onini Gulch has plant species include Dodonaea viscosa, over an area of less than 1.6 by 5.6 km approximately 30 individuals (HINHP Metrosideros polymorpha, Styphelia (1 by 3.5 mi), totaling fewer than 1,000 Database 2000). The other population tameiameiae, Dicranopteris linearis, individuals on State and privately occurs on privately owned land in Chenopodium oahuense, and Sophora owned lands (HINHP Database 2000; Makolelau, and consists of 4 chrysophylla (Gagne and Cuddihy GDSI 2000). subpopulations totaling approximately 1999). This species is found along ridges in 300 to 400 individuals (USFWS 1998a; Threats to the single population of dry to mesic grassland, shrubland, and GDSI 2000). Estimates of the total Silene alexandri include habitat forest with scattered native trees. It number of individuals have ranged up degradation by feral goats, predation by ranges in elevation from about 600 to to 1,000 (USFWS 1998a). An accurate goats and cattle (Bos taurus) may 650 m (2,000 to 2,100 ft) (HINHP count is somewhat difficult because this possibly occur, and catastrophic Database 2000; Wagner et al. 1999). species is interspersed with Schiedea extinction through random Associated plant species include lydgatei (USFWS 1998a). environmental events, of which the Dodonaea viscosa, Metrosideros Schiedea sarmentosa is typically most serious is fire, due to the polymorpha, Styphelia tameiameiae, found on steep slopes in Metrosideros vulnerability of this single population and Dicranopteris linearis (Gagne and polymorpha-Dodonaea viscosa lowland (57 FR 46325; USFWS 1996a). Cuddihy 1999). dry or mesic shrubland between 610 Stenogyne bifida (no common name) and 790 m (2,000 and 2,600 ft) elevation The major threats to Schiedea lydgatei (HINHP Database 2000; HPCC 2000). Stenogyne bifida, a nonaromatic are habitat degradation by feral Associated species include Styphelia member of the mint family (), ungulates; and competition with the tameiameiae, Chenopodium oahuensis is a climbing perennial herb, with non-native plant species Melinus (ahe ahea), Alyxia oliviformis (maile), smooth or slightly hairy, four-angled minutiflora; and catastrophic extinction Pleomele sp. (hala pepe), Bidens stems. The opposite, membranous, due to random environmental events, menziesii (kokoolau), Carex meynii (No toothed leaves are oval or elliptical in primarily fire, (57 FR 46325; USFWS common name), Lipochaeta rockii shape, and are hairless except for the 1996a) because in this species’ dry, (nehe), Nestegis sandwicensis, midribs. Flowers are usually arranged in windswept habitat, a single fire Nothocestrum latifolium (aiea), groups of two to six in each of several potentially could destroy a large part of Nototrichium sandwicense (kului), Sida whorls at the ends of the stems. The the populations. fallax (ilima), Sophora chrysophylla petals are fused into a nearly straight, Schiedea sarmentosa (no common (mamane), and Chamaesyce sp. (HINHP yellow tube which flares into pale- name) Database 2000). brown lobes comprising an upper and a Major threats to Schiedea sarmentosa lower lip. The fruits are fleshy, black Schiedea sarmentosa, a perennial include habitat degradation by feral nutlets. The long, narrow calyx teeth herb of the pink family goats and pigs, competition by the non- and the deep lobe in the upper lip of the (Caryophyllaceae), is a many-branched native plants and yellow corolla separate this species from shrub. The opposite leaves are slender, communis (paaila), and fire. others of the genus (Weller and Sakai threadlike, and are covered with dense, The species is also threatened by a risk 1999). gladular hairs. There may be as many as of extinction from naturally occurring Currently, no life history information 40 to 60 inflorescences on one plant, events due to the low number of is available for this species. often with 50 to 100 flowers in each populations (61 FR 53130; USFWS Historically, Stenogyne bifida was inflorenscence. The flowers are female 1998a). known from scattered populations from on some plants and bisexual on others. Waianui in central Molokai to Pukoo The green sepals are egg-shaped and Silene alexandri (no common name) Ridge on East Molokai (HINHP Database somewhat hairy. The staminodes (false Silene alexandri, a member of the 2000). This species is now known from stamens) are half as long as the sepals pink family (Caryophyllaceae), is an only four East Molokai populations and two-branched at the tip. The fruits erect, perennial herb, 30 to 60 cm (1 to totaling fewer than 10 individuals on are oval capsules. This species differs 2 ft) tall, and woody at the base. The Manawai-Kahananui Ridge along the from others in this endemic Hawaiian narrow, elliptic leaves are hairless boundary between private and State genus by its densely bushy habit, leaf except for a fringe along the margins. lands; on Kolo Ridge, at Kamoku flats; width, hairiness, and staminode length Flowers are arranged in open clusters on and on the eastern fork of Kawela Gulch (Wagner, et al. 1999). stalks. The hairless stems, flowering on the privately owned land of TNCH’s The flowers are female on some plants stalks, and sepals and the larger flowers Pelekunu Preserve (GDSI 2000; HINHP and bisexual on others. The population with white petals separate this species Database 2000). on Makolelau Gulch has a frequency 31 from other members of the genus Stenogyne bifida typically grows on percent females. Based on analyses of (Wagner, et al. 1999). steep ridges in Metrosideros pollen-ovule ratios, pollen size, Currently, no life history information polymorpha dominated montane mesic inforescence structure, and comparison is available for this species. to wet forest with native species such as to other Schiedea species tested in a Historically, Silene alexandri was Cibotium sp., Hedyotis sp., Cyanea sp., wind tunnel, Schiedea sarmentosa known from Makolelau and Kamalo on Dicranopteris linearis, Dodonaea could be wind-pollinated. No other life East Molokai. Currently, one population viscosa, Hedyotis hillebrandii (manono), history information for this species is comprising fewer than 10 individuals Pipturus albidus, Psychotria sp., available (USFWS 1998a). remains in Makolelau on privately Styphelia tameiameiae, Vaccinium sp.,

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Wikstroemia sp., Cheirodendron species associated with this species polymorpha-Myrsine lessertiana (kolea) trigynum, Broussaisia arguta, and include Canthium odoratum, Diospyros forest at elevations between 400 and Pouteria sandwicensis (alaa) at sandwicensis, Metrosideros 1,265 m (1,312 and 4,150 ft) (HINHP elevations between 450 and 1,200 m polymorpha, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia Database 2000). It is found in of (1,450 and 4,000 ft) (HINHP Database (ulei), Scaevola sp. (naupaka), well-developed, closed canopy 2000; USFWS 1996a). Fimbristylis cymosa (mau u aki aki), providing deep shade and high The most pervasive threat to this Heliotropium anomalum (ahinahina), humidity (Linney 1989). Associated species is habitat degradation by Lipochaeta integrifolia (nehe), Sida native species include Broussasia ungulates (axis deer, goats, and pigs) (57 fallax, and Sporobolus virginicus arguta, Cheirodendron trigynum, FR 46325; USFWS 1996a). (akiaki) (USFWS 1996a; HINHP Coprosma ochracea, Cyanea sp., Tetramolopium rockii (no common Database 2000). Cyrtandra sp. (haiwale), Dicranopteris name) The major threats to Tetramolopium linearis, Freycinetia arborea, Hedyotis rockii are habitat degradation by terminalis, Labordia hirtella (No Tetramolopium rockii, a member of ungulate (axis deer and cattle) activity common name), the aster family (Asteraceae), is a and human recreation, competition with angustifolia (uki), Psychotria hexandra glandular, hairy, prostrate perennial the non-native plant Prosopis pallida (kopiko), Styphelia tameiameiae, Ilex shrub which forms complexly branching (kiawe), and catastrophic extinction due anomala, Vaccinium calycinum (ohelo), mats. The species has been divided into to fire (57 FR 46325). Cibotium glaucum (hapuu), Melicope two varieties in the most recent sp., Viola robusta (pamakani), treatment of this genus in Hawaii. Multi-Island Species Stenogyne kamehamehae (No common Leaves of variety calcisabulorum have Adenophorus periens (pendant kihi name), Anoectochilus sandvicensis slightly inrolled edges, and are whitish fern) (jewel orchid), and Syzygium due to the long silky hairs on their sandwicensis (ohia ha) (HINHP Database Adenophorus periens, a short-lived surfaces. Variety rockii has smaller, less 2000; USFWS 1999). hairy, flat, yellowish-green leaves. The perennial member of the grammitis The threats to this species on Molokai leaves of both varieties are spatula- family (Grammitidaceae), is a small, are habitat degradation by feral pigs and shaped with glands and smooth pendant, epiphytic (not rooted on the goats, and competition with the non- margins. Flower heads, arranged singly ground) fern. This species differs from native plant Psidium cattleianum at the ends of flowering stalks are other species in this endemic Hawaiian (strawberry guava) (HINHP Database composed of approximately 60 to 100 genus by having hairs along the pinna 2000; 59 FR 56333; USFWS 1999). white ray florets surround 30 to 55 margins, by the pinnae being at right functionally male, yellow, funnel- angles to the midrib axis, by the Alectryon macrococcus (mahoe) shaped disk florets. Fruits are achenes placement of the sori on the pinnae, and Alectryon macrococcus, a long-lived topped with white bristles. This species the degree of dissection of each pinna perennial member of the soapberry differs from others of the genus by its (USFWS 1999; Linney 1989). family (Sapindaceae), consists of two growth habit, its hairy and glandular Little is known about the life history varieties, macrococcus and surfaces, its spatulate leaf shape, and its of Adenophorus periens, which seems auwahiensis, both trees with reddish- yellow disk florets (Lowrey 1999). to grow only in dense closed-canopy brown branches and net-veined paper- Currently, no life history information forest with high humidity. Its breeding or leather-like leaves with one to five is available for this species (USFWS system is unknown but outbreeding is pairs of sometimes asymmetrical egg- 1996a). very likely to be the predominant mode shaped leaflets. The underside of the Of the two recognized varieties of of reproduction. Spores are dispersed by leaf has dense brown hairs, only when Tetramolopium rockii, variety rockii wind, possibly by water, and perhaps on young in A. macrococcus var. was first discovered at Moomomi about the feet of birds or insects (Linney macrococcus, and whether young or 80 years ago and is still extant in that 1989). Spores lack a thick resistant coat mature (persistent) in A. macrococcus area. Tetramolopium rockii var. rockii is which may indicate their longevity is var. auwahiensis (only found on East found in three areas, from Kalawao to brief, probably measured in days at Maui). The only member of its genus Kahinaakalani, Keieho Point to most. Due to the weak differences found in Hawaii, this species is Kaplalauoa, and from Moomomi to between seasons, there seems to be no distinguished from other Hawaiian Kahinaakalani (HINHP Database 2000). evidence of seasonality in growth or members of its family by being a tree Variety calcisabulorum is only reported reproduction. Additional information with a hard fruit 2.5 cm (0.9 in) or more from Keieho Point to Kaplalauoa on reproductive cycles, longevity, in diameter (Kimura and Nagata 1980; intergrading with variety rockii where specific environmental requirements, Wagner et al. 1999). their ranges overlap (HINHP Database and limiting factors is not available Alectryon macrococcus is a relatively 2000). The total number of individuals (USFWS 1999). slow-growing tree that grows in xeric to of both varieties in the three Historically, Adenophorus periens mesic sites and is adapted to periodic populations is estimated to be 174,000; was known from Kauai, Oahu, Lanai, drought. Little else is known about the they are located on State lands, East Maui, and Hawaii Island (HINHP life history of this species. Flowering including land managed by the National Database 2000). Currently, it is known cycles, vectors, seed Park Service at Kalaupapa National from several locations on Kauai, dispersal agents, and specific Historical Park, and privately owned Molokai, and Hawaii (HINHP Database environmental requirements are lands (HINHP Database 2000; GDSI 2000). On Molokai, it is found in a unknown. 2000). single population containing seven Currently, Alectryon macrococcus Tetramolopium rockii is restricted to individuals on the privately owned land var. macrococcus is known from Kauai, hardened calcareous sand dunes or ash- within TNCH’s Kamakou Preserve Oahu, Maui, and Molokai. On Molakai, covered basalt in the coastal spray zone (GDSI 2000; HINHP Database 2000). it is found on the privately owned land or coastal dry shrubland and grassland This species, an epiphyte usually of TNCH’s Kamakou Preserve, along the between 10 and 200 m (30 and 650 ft) growing on Metrosideros polymorpha Puu Kolekole jeep road, Kaunakakai in elevation (Lowrey 1999). Native plant trunks, is found in Metrosideros Gulch, and Kamiloloa Gulch in a total

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This species is macrococcus typically grows on dry or between 121 to 131 individual plants distinguished from Centaurium talus slopes or in gulches within dry or occurring on State and privately owned erythraea, which is naturalized in mesic lowland forest between elevations lands (HINHP Database 2000; GDSI Hawaii, by its fleshy leaves and the of 360 and 1,070 m (1,181 and 3,510 ft) 2000). It occurs on steep, inaccessible unbranched arrangement of the flower (HINHP Database 2000; Wagner et al. sea cliffs along East Molokai’s northern cluster (Wagner et al. 1999). 1999). Associated native plants include coastline from Anapuhi Beach to Wailau Centaurium sebaeoides has been Dodonea viscosa, Nestegis Valley on private lands, and on the observed flowering in April. Flowering sandwicensis, Nothocestrum sp. (aiea), relatively inaccessible State-owned sea may be induced by heavy rainfall. Pleomele sp., Psychotria sp., Streblus stack of Huelo, east of Anapuhi Beach Populations are found in dry areas, and pendulina (aiai), Myrsine sp. (kolea), (HINHP Database 2000; K. Wood, in litt. plants are more likely to be found and Lipochaeta sp. (nehe) (USFWS 2000). following heavy rains (USFWS 1995a). 1997; HINHP Database 2000). The plants are found in rock crevices This species appears to be a determinate The threats to Alectryon macrococcus on steep basalt sea cliffs, often within var. macrococcus on Molokai include annual; triggered by declining photo- the spray zone, in coastal dry or mesic period, the plant produces seeds and habitat degradation by feral goats and forest, Eragrostis variabilis (kawelu) pigs; competition from non-native plant dies (Medeiros et al. 1999). Medeiros et mixed coastal cliff communities, or al. (1999) noted that in the wild species such as Melinus minutiflora, shrubland, or Pritchardia sp. (loulu) Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu seedlings first appeared in March and coastal mesic forest between sea level grass), Schinus terebinthifolius, and April; flowers first appeared in April and 470 m (0 and 1,540 ft). Associated Psidium cattleianum; damage from the and May; mature capsules were native species include Pritchardia black twig borer (Xylosandrus observed beginning in May and hillebrandii (loulu), Chamaesyce compactus); seed predation by rats and continuing through June; and by the celastroides var. amplectans (akoko), mice (Mus domesticus) and by insects first week of July, most plants were Wikstroemia uva-ursi (akia), Carex (probably the endemic dead. No additional life history wahuensis ssp. wahuensis (No common microlepidopteran Prays cf. information is available for this plant name), Mariscus phleoides ssp. pleoides fulvocanella); loss of pollinators; and (USFWS 1995a). (No common name), Eragrostis catastrophic extinction through a single Historically and currently, variabilis, Dianella sandwicensis natural or human-caused environmental Centaurium sebaeoides is known from (ukiuki), Cocculus trilobus (huehue), disturbance (e.g., fire) due to the very scattered localities on Kauai, Oahu, Phymatosorus scolopendria (lauae), small remaining number of individuals Molokai, Lanai, and Maui (Wagner et al. Crytomium falcatum (ahina kuahiwi), and their limited distribution on 1999). Currently on Molokai, there are a Lepidium bidentatum var. o-waihiense Molokai (USFWS 1997; 57 FR 20772; total of two populations containing (anaunau), Pittosporum halophilum HINHP Database 2000). thousands of individuals, near Mokio (hoawa), sp., Bidens sp. Point on privately owned land and in Brighamia rockii (pua ala) (kookoolau), Schiedea globosa (No Kalaupapa National Historical Park on Brighamia rockii, a long-lived common name), Reynoldsia State and federally owned land that is perennial member of the bellflower sandwicensis (ohe), Pandanus tectorius managed by the National Park Service family (Campanulaceae), grows as an (hala), Peucedanum sandwicensis (Chuck Chimera, formerly with unbranched stem succulent with a (makou), Hedyotis littoralis (No Biological Resources Division (BRD), thickened stem that tapers from the common name), Metrosideros pers. comm. 2000; GDSI 2000; HINHP base. This species is a member of a polymorpha, Psydrax odoratum, Database 2000). unique endemic Hawaiian genus with Diospyros sandwicensis, Osteomeles This species typically grows in only one other species, found on Kauai, anthyllidifolia, Tetramolopium cassia volcanic or clay soils or on cliffs in arid from which it differs by the color of its (pamakani), Senna gaudichaudii coastal areas below 120 m (400 ft) petals, its longer calyx (fused sepals) (kolomona), and Scaevola sericea elevation on Molokai (56 FR 55770; lobes, and its shorter flower stalks (naupaka kahakai) (HINHP Database Wagner et al. 1999). Associated species (Lammers 1999). 2000; Lammers 1999; K. Wood, in litt. include Chamaesyce celastroides Observations of Brighamia rockii by 2000). (akoko), Dodonea viscosa, Fimbristylis Gemmill (1996) have provided the The threats to this species on Molokai cymosa, Heteropogon contortus (pili following information: the reproductive are habitat degradation (and possibly grass), Lipochaeta heterophylla (nehe), system is protandrous, meaning there is predation) by deer and goats; Lipochaeta integrifolia, Lycium a temporal separation between the competition with the non-native plants, sandwicense (ohelo kai), Lysimachia production of male and female gametes, Cyperus gracilis (McCoy grass), Digitaria mauritiana (kolokolo kuahiwi), in this case a separation of several days; ciliaris (Henry’s crabgrass), Digitaria Mariscus phleoides (No common name), only 5 percent of the flowers produce insularis (sourgrass), Ficus microcarpa Panicum fauriei (No common name), pollen; very few fruits are produced per (Chinese banyan), Kalanchoe pinnata, Panicum torridum (kakonakona), inflorescence; there are 20 to 60 seeds (lantana), Oxalis Scaevola sericea, Schiedea globosa, per capsule; and plants in cultivation corniculata (yellow wood sorrel), Sida fallax, Wikstroemia uva-ursi, have flowers at an age of 9 months Pluchea symphytifolia (sourbush), Artemisia sp., Bidens sp., Jaquemontia (USFWS 1996a). This species was Portulaca oleracea (pigweed), and ovalifolia (pa uohi iaka), and Lipochaeta observed in flower during August Solanum seaforthianum (No common succulenta (nehe) (Medeiros et al. 1999; (HINHP Database 2000). name); seed predation by rats; and lack 56 FR 55770). Historically, Brighamia rockii ranged of pollinators (USFWS 1996a; 57 FR The major threats to this species on along the northern coast of East Molokai 46325; HINHP Database 2000). Molokai are displacement by non-native

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Lau, in litt. 2000; USFWS 1998b; 59 species differs from other members of terebinthifolius, Syzygium cumini (Java FR 49025). the genus in having brown or dark gray plum), and Tournefortia argentea (tree scales usually more than 2 cm (0.8 in) Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana heliotrope); trampling and habitat in length, fused or separate sori along (haha) degradation by feral goats and cattle; both margins, shiny black midribs that and damage caused by off-road vehicles Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana, a have a hardened surface, and veins that (Medeiros et al. 1999). short-lived perennial member of the do not usually encircle the sori (Degener bellflower family (Campanulaceae), is a and Greenwell 1950; Robinson 1912; Ctenitis squamigera (pauoa) shrub with pinnately divided leaves. Wagner 1952). Ctenitis squamigera is a short-lived This species is distinguished from Little is known about the life history perennial and a member of the wood others in this endemic Hawaiian genus of this taxon. Reproductive cycles, fern family (Dryopteridaceae) (Wagner by the pinnately lobed leaf margins and longevity, specific environmental and Wagner 1992). It has a rhizome the width of the leaf blades. This requirements, and limiting factors are (horizontal stem) 5 to 10 mm (0.2 to 0.4 subspecies is distinguished from the unknown (USFWS 1999). in) thick, creeping above the ground and other two subspecies by the shape and Historically, Diellia erecta was known densely covered with scales similar to size of the calyx lobes which overlap at from Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, those on the lower part of the leaf stalk. the base (Lammers 1999). Maui, and Hawaii Island (USFWS 1999). The leaf stalks are densely clothed with Little is known about the life history Currently, it is only known from tan-colored scales up to 1.8 cm (0.7 in) of this plant. On Molokai, flowering Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii (USFWS long and 1 mm (0.04 in) wide. The sori plants have been observed in July and 1999). On Molokai, it is known from a are tan-colored when mature and are in August. Reproductive cycles, longevity, total of 4 populations containing at least a single row one-third of the distance specific environmental requirements, 10 individuals in Halawa Valley, from the margin to the midrib of the and limiting factors are unknown Kahuaawi Gulch, Makolelau and Onini ultimate segments (Degener and Degener (USFWS 1999). Gulch on State and privately owned 1957). The indusium is whitish before Historically and currently, Cyanea lands (HINHP Database 2000; K. Wood, wrinkling, thin, suborbicular with a grimesiana ssp. grimesiana is known in litt. 1999). narra sinus extending about half way, from Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, and Maui This species is found in mixed mesic glabrous except for a circular margin (USFWS 1999). On Molokai, it is found forest and mesic Diospyros which is ciliolate with simple several- in a total of three populations sandwicensis (lama) forest between celled glandular and nonglandular hairs containing eight individuals, in Wailau, elevations of 210 and 1,490 m (700 and arising directly from the margin or from Puu Kahea and Olokui NAR on State 4,900 ft) (HINHP Database 2000; K. the deltoid base (Degener and Degener and privately owned lands (GDSI 2000; Wood, in litt. 1999). Associated native 1957). Ctenitis squamigera can be HINHP Database 2000). plant species include Alyxia oliviformis, readily distinguished from other This species is typically found in Metrosideros polymorpha, Bobea sp., Hawaiian species of Ctenitis by the mesic forest often dominated by Coprosma foliosa (pilo), Dodonea dense covering of tan-colored scales on Metrosideros polymorpha or viscosa, Dryopteris unidentata, Myrsine its fronds (Wagner and Wagner 1992). Metrosideros polymorpha and Acacia sp., Ochrosia comta (holei), Dubautia Reproductive cycles, longevity, koa (koa), or on cliffs, at elevations linearis ssp. opposita (na ena e), specific environmental requirements between 350 and 945 m (1,150 and Psychotria sp., Pleomele auwahiensis, and limiting factors are unknown 3,100 ft). Associated plants include Sophora chrysophylla, Styphelia (USFWS 1998b). Psychotria sp., Bobea sp. (ahakea), tameiameiae, Syzygium sandwicensis, Historically, Ctenitis squamigera was Antidesma sp., Syzygium sandwicensis, and Wikstroemia sp. (HINHP Database recorded from Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Xylosma sp. (maua), Cibotium sp., 2000; K. Wood, in litt. 1999). Lanai, Maui, and Hawaii (HINHP Doodia sp. (ohupukupulauii), The major threats to Diellia erecta on Database 2000). It is currently found on Nephrolepis sp. (kupukupu), Cyrtandra Molokai are habitat degradation by pigs, Oahu, Lanai, Molokai, and Maui. There sp., Dicranopteris linearis, and goats, and deer; competition with the is currently a single population with 20 Freycinetia arborea (HINHP Database non-native plant species Fraxinus uhdei individuals on the island of Molokai in 2000). (tropical ash), Ricinus communis, Wawaia Gulch on privately owned land The threats to this species on Molokai Melinus minutiflora, Psidium (GDSI 2000; J. Lau, in litt. 2000). are habitat degradation and/or cattleianum, Blechnum occidentale (No On Molokai, this species is found in destruction caused by axis deer, feral common name); and catastrophic mesic forest at an elevation of goats, and pigs; competition with extinction due to random naturally approximately 865 m (254 ft) (J. Lau, in various non-native plants such as occurring events and reduced litt. 2000). Associated native plant taxa Clidemia hirta; catastrophic extinction reproductive vigor due to the small include Metrosideros polymorpha, by randomly naturally occurring events number of existing individuals (HINHP Myrsine lessertiana (kolea), Diospyros (e.g., fire, landslides) due to the small Database 2000; K. Wood, in litt. 1999; 59 sandwicensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, number of existing individuals; FR 56333; USFWS 1999). Xylosma hawaiiense (maua), Pouteria trampling by hikers; seed predation by Hedyotis mannii (pilo) sandwicensis, Nephrolepis exaltata rats; and predation by various slugs (kupukupu), Carex meyenii, Dryopteris (Milax sp.) (HINHP Database 2000; 61 Hedyotis mannii, a member of the unidentata (No common name), and FR 53108; USFWS 1999). coffee family (Rubiaceae), is a short- Pleomele auwahiensis (hala pepe) (J. lived perennial with smooth, usually Lau, in litt. 2000; USFWS 1998b; 59 FR Diellia erecta (no common name) erect stems 30 to 60 cm (1 to 2 ft) long 49025). Diellia erecta, a short-lived perennial which are woody at the base and four- The primary threats to Ctenitis member of the spleenwort family angled or -winged. The leaves are squamigera are habitat degradation by (Aspleniaceae), is a fern that grows in opposite, thin in texture and elliptic to

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This species’ growth habit; its 2000; HINHP Database 2000). communities, near the ocean, among quadrangular or winged stems; the Hesperomannia arborescens is found rocks or on basalt cliffs or talus slopes, shape, size, and texture of its leaves; on slopes or ridges in wet Metrosideros and elevations between sea level and 75 and its dry capsule which opens when polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis m (0 and 250 ft) (Gagne and Cuddihy mature, separate it from other species of lowland forest or mesic Diospyros 1999; O’Connor 1999; HINHP Database the genus (Wagner et al. 1999). sandwicensis-Metrosideros polymorpha 2000). Associated taxa include Bidens Currently, no life history information lowland forest transition zones between molokaiensis (No common name), is available for this species (USFWS 360 and 750 m (1,200 and 2,500 ft) in Hedyotis littoralis, Lysimachia 1996a). elevation (HINHP Database 2000). mauritiana, Fimbrystylis cymosa, and Hedyotis mannii was once widely Associated native species include Pandanus tectorius (hala) (HINHP scattered on Lanai, West Maui, and Broussaisia arguta, Freycinetia arborea, Database 2000). Molokai (HINHP Database 2000). Antidesma sp., Cibotium glaucum, The threats to Ischaemum byrone on Currently, this species is extant on Psychotria mauiensis (kopiko), Molokai are competition by non-native Molokai, West Maui, and Lanai. After an Elaphoglossum sp. (ekaha), Coprosma grasses, particularly Digitaria ciliaris; absence of 50 years, this species was sp., Hedyotis sp., Cheirodendron sp., predation by goats and axis deer; and rediscovered in 1987 by Steve Perlman Smilax melastomifolia (hoi kuahiwi), elimination and degradation of habitat on private land in Kawela Gulch in Clermontia pallida (oha wai), through fire and residential TNCH’s Kamakou Preserve (GDSI 2000; Thelypteris sp. (palapalaia), development; (USFWS 1996b). Diplopterygium pinnatum (uluhe lau HINHP Database 2000). Only five plants Mariscus fauriei (no common name) nui), Ilex anomala, Myrsine sp., Urera are known to exist in this area (HINHP Mariscus fauriei, a member of the Database 2000). glabra, Cyrtandra sp., Pipturus sp., Boehmeria grandis, Nestegis sedge family (Cyperaceae), is a Hedyotis mannii typically grows on sandwicensis (olopua), Nephrolepis perennial plant with somewhat enlarged dark, narrow, rocky gulch walls in exaltata, and Wikstroemia sp. (HINHP underground stems and three-angled, mesic and perhaps wet forests at 150 to Database 2000). single or grouped aerial stems 10 to 50 1,050 m (490 to 3,450 ft) in elevation The major threats to Hesperomannia cm (4 to 20 in) tall. It has leaves shorter (Wagner et al. 1999; HINHP Database arborescens on Molokai are habitat than or the same length as the stems 1 2000). Associated plant species include degradation by feral pigs, goats, and to 3.5 mm (0.04 to 0.1 in) wide. This Pipturus sp., Cibotium sp., Cyanea sp., humans; competition with non-native species differs from others in the genus Scaevola sp., and Psychotria sp. (HINHP plant taxa such as Clidemia hirta, in Hawaii by its smaller size and its Database 2000; USFWS 1996a). Kalanchoe pinnata, and Rubus narrower, flattened, and more spreading The threats to Hedyotis mannii on rosifolius; catastrophic extinction due to spikelets (Koyama 1999; 59 FR 56333). Molokai are habitat degradation by feral random environmental events or Currently, no life history information pigs; competition with the non-native reduced reproductive vigor due to this is available for this species (USFWS plant Melinis minutiflora; and species’ limited numbers are significant 1996b). catastrophic extinction through random threats as well (59 FR 14482; HINHP Historically and currently, Mariscus environmental events to which the Database 2000). fauriei is found on east Molokai and on limited number of individuals are the island of Hawaii. This species is no extremely vulnerable (HINHP Database Ischaemum byrone (Hilo ischaemum) longer extant on Lanai. Currently on 2000; 57 FR 46325; USFWS 1996a). Ischaemum byrone, a member of the Molokai, one population with 20 to 30 Hesperomannia arborescens (no grass family (), is a short-lived plants occurs above Kamiloloa on State- common name) perennial species with creeping owned land (HINHP Database 2000; underground and erect stems. GDSI 2000). Hesperomannia arborescens, a long- Ischaemum byrone can be distinguished This species typically grows in lived perennial member of the aster from other Hawaiian grasses by its tough Diospyros sandwicensis dominated family (Asteraceae), is a small shrubby outer flower bracts, dissimilar basic lowland dry forests, often on a lava tree that usually stands 1.5 to 5 m (5 to flower units, which are awned and two- substrate, at an elevation of 207 m (680 16 ft) tall. This member of an endemic flowered, and a di- or trichotomously- ft) (HINHP Database 2000; Koyama Hawaiian genus differs from other branching inflorescence (O’Connor 1999). Associated species include Hesperomannia species in having the 1999). Canthium odoratum, Peperomia sp. (ala following combination of characters, No life history information is ala wai nui), and Rauvolfia erect to ascending flower heads, thick currently available for this species sandwicensis (hao) (HINHP Database flower head stalks, and usually hairless (USFWS 1996b). 2000). and relatively narrow leaves (Wagner et Ischaemum byrone was historically The threats to Mariscus fauriei on al. 1999). distributed on Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Molokai are predation and habitat This species was observed in flower and Hawaii Island (59 FR 10305). degradation by feral goats and axis deer. from April through June and fruit Currently, this species is found on Because there is only one known during March and June (USFWS 1998c). Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii Island. It population on Molokai, the species is No other information is available on has also been reported from threatened by the risk of extinction reproductive cycles, longevity, specific unconfirmed sightings on Kauai (HINHP through random environmental events environmental requirements, and Database 2000). On Molokai, there are a and through reduced reproductive vigor limiting factors (USFWS 1998c). total of 2 populations containing (USFWS 1996b; 59 FR 56333).

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Marsilea villosa (ihi ihi) grows by off-road vehicles or by grazing stalks. The female flowers are stalkless Marsilea villos, a member of the cattle and axis deer; habitat destruction, and have a densely hairy calyx that is family Marsileaceae, is a perennial degradation, and fragmentation through either toothed, collar-like, or divided aquatic to semiaquatic fern similar in development, fire, trampling by humans into narrow unequal segments. The appearance to a four-leaved clover. The and introduced mammals; catastrophic fruits are achenes with the apical leaves are born in pairs along a thin extinction from random environmental section separated from the basal portion rhizome. The leaves and rhizomes vary events and reduced reproductive vigor by a deep constriction. Seeds are oval in pubescence, depending on the aridity due to few populations and small with a constriction across the upper of the habitat at the time of population sizes (USFWS 1996c; 57 FR half. Neraudia sericea differs from the other four closely related species of this development. A hard sporocarp (hard- 27863). endemic Hawaiian genus by the density, walled case containing male and female Melicope mucronulata (no common length, color, and posture of the hairs on spores) is borne at the base of a leaf pair. name) the lower leaf surface and by its mostly The young sporocarp, like the rhizome, Melicope mucronulata, a long-lived entire leaf margins (Wagner et al. 1999). is covered with rust-colored hairs which perennial of the citrus family (Rutaceae) Additional information on the life are lost as the sporocarp matures. The is a small tree up to 13 ft (4 m) tall with history of this plant, reproductive plant occurs either in scattered clumps oval to elliptic-oval leaves. This species cycles, longevity, specific or as a dense interwoven mat, is distinguished from others in the environmental requirements, and depending on the competition with genus by the growth habit, the number limiting factors are generally unknown other species for limited habitat of flowers in each flower cluster, the (USFWS 1999). resources. The species is the only size and shape of the fruit, and the Neraudia sericea was known member of the genus native to Hawaii degree of hairiness of the leaves and historically from Molokai, Lanai, Maui, and is closely related to Marsilea vestita fruit walls (Stone et al. 1999). and Kahoolawe (HINHP Database 2000). of the western coast of the United States Currently, no life history information Currently, this species is found only on (USFWS 1996c). is available for this species. Maui and Molokai. On Molokai, one Marsilea villosa requires periodic First discovered in 1920 in Kanaio, population of 50 to 100 individuals is flooding for spore release and East Maui, Melicope mucronulata was known from Makolelau on privately fertilization, then a decrease in water not relocated until 1983. One owned land (GDSI 2000; HINHP levels for the young plants to establish, population of two individuals was then Database 2000). and finally dry soil for sporocarps to found two years later in Kupaia on the Neraudia sericea generally occurs in mature. Shading reduces vigor of border of the privately owned Kamakou lowland dry to mesic Metrosideros Marsilea villosa. No other life history Preserve and the State’s Molokai Forest polymorpha-Dodonaea viscosa- information is currently available for Reserve in east Molokai (GDSI 2000; Styphelia tameiameiae shrubland or this species (USFWS 1996c). HINHP Database 2000; Stone et al. forest between 670 and 1,370 m (2,200 Marsilea villosa was known 1999). and 4,500 ft) in elevation (HINHP historically from Oahu, Molokai and Melicope mucronulata occurs on Database 2000; Wagner et al. 1999). Niihau. Currently, it is found only on steep, west- or north-facing, dry to Other associated plant species include Oahu and Molokai. On Molokai there mesic, forested lowland slopes at Sida fallax, Diospyros sandwicensis, are four populations with an elevations of 670 to 870 m (2,200 to Bobea sp., Coprosma sp., and Hedyotis unspecified number of individuals 2,850 ft). Associated native species sp. (HINHP Database 2000). located at Kamaka ipo, Ilio Point, include Dodonea viscosa, Metrosideros The primary threats to Neraudia Kaiehu Point, and from Kaeo to Mokio polymorpha, Styphelia tameiameiae, sericea on Molokai are habitat on State and privately owned lands and Dubautia linearis (naenae) (HINHP degradation by feral pigs and goats; (HINHP Database 2000; GDSI 2000). Database 2000). competition with the non-native plant, Marsilea villosa typically occurs in The major threat to the continued Melinus minutiflora; and catastrophic shallow depressions in clay soil, or existence of this species is catastrophic extinction through random lithified sand dunes overlaid with extinction from random environmental environmental events due to the alluvial clay. All reported populations events due to the few extant populations vulnerability of a single population occur at or below 150 m (500 ft) and small number of individuals. (USFWS 1999; 59 FR 56333). elevation. While Marsiliea villosa can Habitat degradation by goats and pigs; withstand minimal shading, it appears predation by goats; and competition Peucedanum sandwicense (makou) most vigorous growing in open areas. with non-native plants, particularly Peucedanum sandwicense, a short The associated native vegetation of Melinis minutiflora, also pose lived perennial and a member of the Marsilea villosa on Molokai includes immediate threats to this species parsley family (Apiaceae), is a parsley- Heteropogon contortus, Sida fallax, (USFWS 1997; 57 FR 20772). scented, sprawling herb. Hollow stems Waltheria indica (uhaloa), Centaurium arise from a short, vertical, perennial Neraudia sericea (no common name) sebaeoides (awiwi), Tetramolopium stem with several fleshy roots. This sylvae (pamakani), and Schiedea Neraudia sericea, a short lived species is the only member of the genus globosa (USFWS 1996c). perennial and a member of the nettle in the Hawaiian Islands (Constance and The main reason for the decline of family (Urticaceae), is a 3 to 5 m (10 to Affolter 1999). Marsilea villosa on Molokai is habitat 16 ft) tall shrub with densely hairy Additional information on the life destruction including the destruction of branches. The elliptic or oval leaves history of this plant, reproductive natural hydrology; the encroachment have smooth margins or slightly toothed cycles, longevity, specific and competition from naturalized, non- margins on young leaves. The upper leaf environmental requirements, and native plants such as Cenchrus ciliaris surface is moderately hairy and the limiting factors are generally unknown (buffelgrass), Prosopis pallida, Lantana lower leaf surface is densely covered (USFWS 1995b). camara, Digitaria insularis, and with irregularly curved, silky gray to Historically and currently, Chamaecrista nictitans (partridge pea); white hairs along the veins. The male Peucedanum sandwicense was known the disturbance of areas where the plant flowers may be stalkless or have short from Molokai, Maui, and Kauai (HINHP

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Database 2000). Discoveries in 1990 from others in the genus by its hairiness; individuals have been observed in fruit extended the known distribution of this its thin, narrow leaves, which are not from April through September (USFWS species to the island of Oahu (USFWS pinnately divided; and the usually six 1999). 1995b). On Molokai, five populations flowers per false whorl in a terminal Plantago princeps is historically and are known from private and State inflorescence (Wagner et al. 1999). currently found on Kauai, Oahu, owned lands in Pelekunu Valley, on This species was observed with fruit Molokai, and Maui. It is no longer Huelo Islet and Mokapu Islet, and State in July (USFWS 1996a). Currently, no extant on the island of Hawaii. Plantago owned lands managed by the National additional life history information is princeps var. anomala is currently Park Service at Kalaupapa National available for this species. known from Kauai and Oahu; var. Historical Park, totaling approximately Historically, Phyllostegia mannii was longibracteata is known from Kauai and 50 individuals (GDSI 2000; HINHP found from Hanalilolilo to Ohialele on Oahu; var. princeps is known from Database 2000; K. Wood, in litt. 2000). East Molokai and at Ukulele on East Oahu; and var. laxiflora is known from This species grows in cliff habitats in Maui. It has not been seen on Maui for Molokai and Maui. On Molokai, there is brown soil and talus in Chamaesyce over 70 years and is apparently currently one remaining population of celastroides var. amplectans- extirpated on that island (USFWS Plantago princeps var. laxiflora with Chenopodium oahuense coastal dry 1996a). This species is now known only five individuals in Kawela Gulch on shrubland or Diospyros sandwicensis from four individuals at Hanalilolilo privately owned lands (GDSI 2000; forest from sea level to above 900 m within Kamakou Preserve on privately HINHP Database 2000; USFWS 1999). (3,000 ft) and is associated with native owned land (GDSI 2000; HINHP On Molokai, Plantago princeps var. species such as Eragrostis sp. (kawelu), Database 2000). laxiflora is typically found on basalt Santalum ellipticum (iliahialoe), Phyllostegia mannii grows in shaded cliffs in Metrosideros polymorpha Pritchardia hillebrandii, Reynoldsia sites in sometimes foggy and lowland wet forest or Acacia koa- sandwicensis, Osteomeles windswept, wet, open, Metrosideros Metrosideros polymorpha montane wet anthyllidifolia, Scaevola sericea, Senna polymorpha-dominated montane forest forest or Metrosideros polymorpha gaudichaudii, Pittosporum halophilum, with a native shrub and Cibotium sp. montane wet shrubland, from 402 to Sida fallax, Plumbago zeylanica (iliee), understory at 347 m (1,140 ft) in 2,042 m (1,320 to 6,700 ft) elevation Artemisia australis (ahinahina), elevation (USFWS 1996a). Associated (Wagner et al. 1999). Associated plant Portulaca lutea (ihi), Lepidium plant species include Asplenium sp. (No species include Eragrostis variabilis, bidentatum var. o-waihiense, Schiedea common name), Broussaisia arguta, Hedyotis formosa (No common name), globosa, Lipochaeta integrifolia, Cheirodendron trigynum, Coprosma and Dubautia plantaginea spp. humile Peperomia remyi (No common name), ochracea, Cyanea sp., Dicranopteris (na ena e) (HINHP Database 2000; Plechranthus parviflorus (ala ala wai linearis, Hedyotis hillebrandii, Pipturus USFWS 1999). nui), Dianella sandwicensis and albidus, Pouteria sandwicensis, The primary threats to Plantago Metrosideros polymorpha (Constance Psychotria sp., Touchardia latifolia, princeps var. laxiflora on Molokai are and Affolter 1999; USFWS 1995b; Vaccinium sp., and Wikstromia sp. predation and habitat degradation by HINHP Database 2000; K. Wood, in litt. (HINHP Database 2000). feral pigs and goats and competition 2000). The only known population of with various non-native plant species Threats to Peucedanum sandwicense Phyllostegia mannii is threatened by (59 FR 56333; USFWS 1999). on Molokai are seed predation by rats habitat destruction and degradation by and competition with the non-native feral pigs. Because of the small number Platanthera holochila (no common plant species Ageratum conyzoides of individuals, a natural or human- name) (maile hohono), Coronopus didymus caused environmental event could Platanthera holochila, a short-lived (swinecress), Kalanchoe pinnata, extirpate all or a significant portion of perennial and a member of the orchid Lantana camara, Malvastrum the population (USFWS 1996a; 57 FR family (Orchidaceae), is an erect, coromandelianum ssp. 46325). deciduous herb. The stems arise from coromandelianum (false mallow), underground tubers, the pale green Plantago princeps (ale) Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry), leaves are lance to egg-shaped and the Plantago lanceolata (English plantain), Plantago princeps, a short-lived greenish-yellow flowers occur in open Pluchea carolinensis (sourbush), member of the plantain family spikes. This is the only species of this Portulaca oleracea , Elaphantopus (Plantaginaceae), is a small shrub or genus that occurs in the Hawaiian spicatus (No common name), Schinus robust perennial herb. This species Islands (Wagner et al. 1999). terebinthifolius, and Sonchus oleraceus differs from other native members of the Little is known about the life history (pualele) (USFWS 1995b; 59 FR 9304; K. genus in Hawaii by its large branched of this plant. Reproductive cycles, Wood, in litt. 2000). stems, flowers at nearly right angles to longevity, specific environmental the axis of the flower cluster, and fruits requirements, and limiting factors are Phyllostegia mannii (no common name) that break open at a point two-thirds unknown (USFWS 1999). Phyllostegia mannii, a nonaromatic from the base. The four varieties, Historically, Platanthera holochila member of the mint family (Lamiaceae), anomala, laxiflora, longibracteata, and was known from Maui, Oahu, Molokai, is a climbing vine with many-branched, princeps, are distinguished by the and Kauai (HINHP Database 2000). four-sided, hairy stems. The opposite, branching and pubescence of the stems; Currently, Platanthera holochila is hairy leaves, which are shaped like the size, pubescence, and venation of extant on Kauai, Molokai, and Maui narrow triangles or narrow triangular the leaves; the density of the (HINHP Database 2000). On Molokai, ovals have coarsely toothed margins. inflorescence; and the orientation of the one population with less than 10 Clusters of four to six white flowers are flowers (Wagner et al. 1999). individuals is reported from arranged in each of several false whorls Little is known about the life history Hanalilolilo on the privately owned along an unbranched flowering stem. of this plant. Reproductive cycles, land of Kamakou Preserve (HINHP The fruits are fleshy, dark-green to black longevity, specific environmental Database 2000; GDSI 2000). nutlets (dry seeds with a hard outer requirements, and limiting factors are Platanthera holochila is found in covering). This species is distinguished generally unknown. However, Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris

VerDate 112000 18:18 Dec 28, 2000 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\29DEP2.SGM pfrm10 PsN: 29DEP2 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules 83171 linearis montane wet forest or abundant in the wet season but can be pollinator limited. Flowering at Kaena Metrosideros polymorpha mixed found throughout the year (Kapua Point is highest during the winter-spring montane bog between 1,048 and 1,515 Kawelo, U.S. Dept. of Defense, Army rains, and gradually declines throughout m (3,440 and 4,970 ft) elevation. Environmental, in litt. 1999). Little is the rest of the year (USFWS 1999). Associated native plants include known about the life history of this Other aspects of this plant’s life history Cibotium sp., Coprosma ernodeoides plant. Reproductive cycles, longevity, are unknown. (nene), Oreobolus furcatus (No common specific environmental requirements, Currently, Sesbania tomentosa occurs name), Styphelia tameiameiae, and limiting factors are unknown. on at least six of the eight main Wikstroemia sp., Scaevola Historically Schiedea nuttallii was Hawaiian Islands (Kauai, Oahu, chamissoniana (naupaka kuahiwi), known from scattered locations on Molokai, Kahoolawe, Maui, and Hawaii) sp. (amau), Lythrum southeastern Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, and and in the Northwestern Hawaiian maritimum (pukamole), Deschampsia Maui (HINHP Database 2000). Currently, Islands (Nihoa and Necker). It is no sp. (hair grass), Luzula hawaiiensis known populations occur on Kauai, longer extant on Niihau and Lanai (59 (wood rush), Sisyrinchium acre (mau u Oahu, and Molokai (USFWS 1999). On FR 56333; GDSI 2000, USFWS 1999; la ili), Broussaisia arguta, Clermontia Molokai one population with 22 HINHP Database 2000). On Molokai, sp. (oha wai), Lycopodium cernuum individuals of Schiedea nuttallii occurs Sesbania tomentosa is known from (wawae iole), Dubautia scabra (na ena on the privately owned lands of TNCH’s eight populations with an estimated e), Polypodium pellucidum (ae), Gahnia Kamakou Preserve (HINHP Database total of 100 to 150 individuals. Three of gahniiformis (No common name), and 2000; GDSI 2000). the populations occur from Moomomi to Vaccinium reticulatum (ohelo ai)(61 FR Schiedea nuttallii typically grows in Nenehanaupo and five from Kamiloloa 53108; USFWS 1999). diverse lowland mesic forest, often with to Makolekau on State and privately The primary threats to Platanthera Metrosideros polymorpha dominant, at owned lands (HINHP Database 2000; holochila on Molokai are habitat elevations between 415 and 730 m GDSI 2000). degradation and/or destruction by feral (1,360 and 2,400 ft). On Molokai, the Sesbania tomentosa is found in pigs; competition with non-native population is found at 354 m (1,160 ft) Scaevola sericea coastal dry shrubland plants; and a risk of extinction from elevation. Associated plants include on windswept slopes, sea cliffs and naturally occurring events and/or Cyrtandra hawaiensis (haiwale), weathered basaltic slopes between sea reduced reproductive vigor, due to the Antidesma sp., Psychotria sp., Perottetia level and 579 m (0 and 1,900 ft) small number of remaining populations sandwicensis, Pisonia sp., and Hedyotis elevation (HINHP Database 2000). and individuals. Predation by slugs may acuminata (au) (HINHP Database 2000). Associated plant species include also be a potential threat to this species Schiedea nuttallii on Molokai is Lipochaeta integrifolia, Jacquemontia (61 FR 53108; USFWS 1999). seriously threatened by competition sandwicensis, Sida fallax, and Dodonea with several non-native plants; viscosa (HINHP Database 2000; USFWS Schiedea nuttallii (no common name) predation by the black twig borer, slugs, 1999). Schiedea nuttallii, a member of the and snails; and a risk of extinction from The primary threats to Sesbania pink family (Caryophyllaceae), is a naturally occurring events (e.g., tomentosa on Molokai are competition generally hairless, erect . This landslides) and/or reduced reproductive with various non-native plant species species is distinguished from others in vigor due to the small number of such as Lantana camara, and grass this endemic Hawaiian genus by its individuals.(USFWS 1999; 61 FR species; habitat degradation by feral habit, length of the stem internodes, 53108). cattle; lack of adequate pollination; seed length of the inflorescence, number of Sesbania tomentosa (ohai) predation by rats, mice and, potentially, flowers per inflorescence, smaller non-native insects; and destruction by leaves, smaller flowers, and smaller Sesbania tomentosa, a short lived random environmental events (e.g., fire) seeds (Wagner et al. 1999). perennial and a member of the pea and by human activities (e.g., use of off- Little is known about the life history family (Fabaceae), is typically a road vehicles) (59 FR 56333; USFWS of Schiedea nuttallii. Based on field and sprawling shrub but may also be a small 1999). greenhouse observations, it is tree. Each compound leaf consists of 18 hermaphroditic (flowers contain both to 38 oblong to elliptic leaflets which Silene lanceolata (no common name) sexes) (Weller et al. 1990). Plants are usually sparsely to densely covered Silene lanceolata, a member of the located close to the Makua rim on Oahu with silky hairs. The flowers are salmon pink family, is an upright, perennial have been under observation for 10 tinged with yellow, orange-red, scarlet plant with stems 15 to 50 cm (6 to 20 years, and they appear to be long-lived or rarely, pure yellow. Sesbania in) long, which are woody at the base. (USFWS 1999). Schiedea nuttallii tomentosa is the only endemic The narrow leaves are smooth except for appears to be an outcrossing species. Hawaiian species in the genus, differing a fringe of hairs near the base. Flowers Under greenhouse conditions, plants from the naturalized Sesbania sesban by are arranged in open clusters. The fail to set seed unless pollinated, the color of the flowers, the longer flowers are white with deeply-lobed, suggesting that this species requires petals and calyx, and the number of clawed petals. The capsule opens at the insects for pollination. Seedlings of seeds per pod (Geesink et al. 1999). top to release reddish-brown seeds. This Schiedea occurring in mesic or wet sites The pollination biology of Sesbania species is distinguished from S. are apparently consumed by introduced tomentosa is being studied by David alexandri, the only other member of the slugs and snails. These have been Hopper, a graduate student in the genus found on Molokai, by its smaller observed feeding on S. membranacea, Department of Zoology at the University flowers and capsules and its stamens, another mesic forest species occurring of Hawaii at Manoa. His preliminary which are shorter than the sepals on Kauai. In contrast to mesic forest findings suggest that although many (Wagner et al. 1999). species, Schiedea occurring in dry areas insects visit Sesbania flowers, the Currently, no life history information produce abundant seedlings following majority of successful pollination is is available for this species (USFWS winter rains, presumably because there accomplished by native bees of the 1996a). are fewer alien consumers in drier sites genus Hylaeus and that populations at The historical range of Silene (USFWS 1999). Fruits and flowers are Kaena Point on Oahu are probably lanceolata includes five Hawaiian

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Islands: Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, contortus (HINHP Database 2000; and a risk of extinction due to random and Hawaii Island. Silene lanceolata is USFWS 1999). environmental events (primarily fire), presently extant on the islands of The primary threats to Spermolepis and/or reduced reproductive vigor due Molokai, Oahu, and Hawaii. On hawaiiensis on Molokai are habitat to the small number of existing Molokai, a single population of degradation by feral goats; competition populations and individuals (USFWS approximately 100 individuals was with various non-native plants such as 1999; 59 FR 56333). found in 1987 on private land near Puu Melinis minutiflora, Lantana camara, Zanthoxylum hawaiiense (ae) Kolekole (K. Wood, in litt. 1999; GDSI and grasses; and habitat destruction and 2000; USFWS 1996a). extinction due to natural environmental Zanthoxylum hawaiiense, a long lived On Molokai, this species grows on events such as erosion, landslides, and perennial, is a medium-size tree with cliff faces and ledges of gullies in dry to rockslides due to natural weathering (59 pale to dark gray bark, and lemon- mesic shrubland at an elevation of about FR 56333; USFWS 1999). scented leaves in the rue family 800 m (2,600 ft) (USFWS 1996a). (Rutaceae). Alternate leaves are Vigna o-wahuensis (no common name) Associated native plant species include composed of three small triangular-oval Dodonea viscosa, Styphelia Vigna o-wahuensis, a member of the to lance-shaped, toothed leaves (leaflets) tameiameiae, and Dubautia linearis (K. pea family (Fabaceae), is a slender with surfaces usually without hairs. Wood, in litt. 1999). twining perennial herb with fuzzy Zanthoxylum hawaiiense is Habitat destruction by feral ungulates stems. Each leaf is made up of three distinguished from other Hawaiian (goats and pigs), , and leaflets which vary in shape from round members of the genus by several competition by invading non-native to linear, and are sparsely or moderately characters: three leaflets all of similar plants are immediate threats to Silene covered with coarse hairs. Flowers, in size, one joint on lateral leaf stalk, and lanceolata on Molokai (57 FR 46325; clusters of one to four, have thin, sickle-shape fruits with a rounded tip USFWS 1996a). translucent, pale yellow or greenish (Stone et al. 1999). yellow petals. The two lowermost petals Additional information on the life Spermolepis hawaiiensis (no common are fused and appear distinctly beaked. history of this plant, reproductive name) The sparsely hairy calyx has cycles, longevity, specific Spermolepis hawaiiensis, a member of asymmetrical lobes. The fruits are long environmental requirements, and the parsley family (Apiaceae), is a slender pods that may or may not be limiting factors are generally unknown slender annual herb with few branches. slightly inflated and contain 7 to 15 gray (USFWS 1996b). Its leaves, dissected into narrow, lance- to black seeds. This species differs from Historically, Zanthoxylum hawaiiense shaped divisions, are oblong to others in the genus by its thin yellowish was known from the islands of Kauai, somewhat oval in outline and grow on petals, sparsely hairy calyx, and thin Molokai, Lanai, southern and stalks. Flowers are arranged in a loose, pods which may or may not be slightly southwestern slopes of Haleakala on compound umbrella-shaped inflated (Geesink et al. 1999). Maui, and Hawaii. Currently, inflorescence arising from the stem, Additional information on the life Zanthoxylum hawaiiense is extant on opposite the leaves. Spermolepis history of this plant, reproductive Kauai, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii. On hawaiiensis is the only member of the cycles, longevity, specific Molokai, the two extant populations genus native to Hawaii. It is environmental requirements, and with a total of five individuals are distinguished from other native limiting factors are generally unknown located at Makolelau and Puu Hoi Ridge members of the family by being a non- (USFWS 1999). on private and State lands (HINHP succulent annual with an umbrella- Historically, Vigna o-wahuensis was Database 2000; GDSI 2000). shaped inflorescence (Constance and known from Niihau, Oahu, and Maui On Molokai, Zanthoxylum hawaiiense Affolter 1999). (HINHP Database 2000). Currently, is found in mesic Metrosideros Little is known about the life history Vigna o-wahuensis is known from the polymorpha or Diospyros sandwicensis of Spermolepis hawaiiensis. islands of Molokai, Lanai, Kahoolawe, lowland dry forest with Nestegis Reproductive cycles, longevity, specific Maui, and Hawaii (HINHP Database sandwicensis and Pleomele auwahiensis environmental requirements, and 2000). There are no currently known at elevations between 182 and 256 m limiting factors are unknown (USFWS populations on Niihau or Oahu. On (600 to 840 ft) (Stone et al. 1999; 59 FR 1999). Molokai, two populations with 10305; HINHP Database 2000). Historically, Spermolepis hawaiiensis approximately 16 individuals occur on Associated species include Pisonia sp., was known from Kauai, Oahu, Lanai privately owned lands at Onini Gulch Xylosma hawaiiensis, Santalum and the island of Hawaii (HINHP and Makolelau (GDSI 2000). ellipticum, Alphitonia ponderosa Database 2000). Currently, it is extant on On Molokai, Vigna o-wahuensis (kauila), Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, and occurs in dry to mesic grassland and Alectryon macrococcus (mahoe), Hawaii (GDSI 2000; 59 FR 56333; shrubland from 207 to 256 m (680 to Charpentiera sp. (papala), Melicope sp., HINHP Database 2000). On Molokai, 840 ft) in elevation (Geesink et al. 1999; Dodonea viscosa, Streblus pendulinus, there is one known population with HINHP Database 2000). Associated plant Myrsine lanaiensis (kolea), and Sophora approximately 600 individuals on species include Chenopodium chrysophylla (HINHP Database 2000). privately owned land in Kamalo oahuense, Cyperus laevigatus, The threats to Zanthoxylum (HINHP Database 2000; GDSI 2000; Eragrostis variabilis, Heteropogon hawaiiense on Molokai include USFWS 1999). contortus, Ipomoea sp. (morning glory), browsing, grazing, and trampling by Spermolepis hawaiiensis is known Scaevola sericea, Sida fallax, Vitex feral goats; competition with non-native from shady spots in Dodonea viscosa rotundifolia (kolokolo kahakai), plant species; habitat degradation and lowland dry shrubland, at an elevation Dodonea viscosa, and Styphelia destruction by humans, and extinction of 219 m (720 ft). Associated plant tameiameiae (HINHP Database 2000; from naturally occurring events species include Eragrostis variabilis, USFWS 1999). (primarily fire) and/or from reduced Lipochaeta lavarum (nehe), Sida fallax, The primary threats to Vigna o- reproductive vigor due to the small Myoporum sandwicensis (naio), wahuensis on Molokai are competition number of individuals and populations Santalum ellipticum, and Heteropogon with various non-native plant species; (59 FR 10305; USFWS 1996b).

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A summary of populations and landownership for these 40 plant species on Molokai is given in Table 3.

TABLE 3.ÐSUMMARY OF POPULATIONS AND LANDOWNERSHIP FOR 40 SPECIES ON MOLOKAI.

Landownership Species Number of cur- rent populations Federal State Private

Adenophorus periens ...... 1 ...... X Alectryon macrococcus ...... 6 ...... X X Bidens wiebkei ...... 3 ...... X X Brighamia rockii ...... 5 ...... X X Canavalia molokaiensis ...... 7 ...... X* X Centaurium sebaeoides ...... 2 X ...... X Clermontia oblongifolia brevipes ssp...... 1 ...... X Ctenitis squamigera ...... 1 ...... X Cyanea dunbarii ...... 1 ...... X ...... Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana ...... 3 ...... X X Cyanea mannii ...... 9 ...... X X Cyanea procera ...... 5 ...... X X Diellia erecta ...... 4 ...... X X Hedyotis mannii ...... 1 ...... X Hesperomannia arborescens ...... 1 ...... X ...... Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus ...... 2 ...... X X Ischaemum byrone ...... 2 ...... X X Labordia triflora ...... 1 ...... X Lysimachia maxima ...... 1 ...... X Mariscus fauriei ...... 1 ...... X ...... Marsilea villosa ...... 4 ...... X X Melicope mucronulata ...... 1 ...... X X Melicope reflexa ...... 3 ...... X X Neraudia sericea ...... 1 ...... X Peucedanum sandwicense ...... 5 ...... X* X Phyllostegia mannii ...... 1 ...... X Plantago princeps ...... 1 ...... X Platanthera holochila ...... 1 ...... X Pritchardia munroi ...... 1 ...... X Schiedea lydgatei ...... 2 ...... X X Schiedea nuttallii ...... 1 ...... X Schiedea sarmentosa ...... 2 ...... X X Sesbania tomentosa ...... 8 ...... X X Silene alexandri ...... 1 ...... X Silene lanceolata ...... 1 ...... X Spermolepis hawaiiensis ...... 1 ...... X Stenogyne bifida ...... 4 ...... X X Tetramolopium rockii ...... 3 ...... X* X Vigna o-wahuensis ...... 2 ...... X Zanthoxylum hawaiiense ...... 2 ...... X X *Some populations are on State land that is managed by the National Park Service at Kalaupapa National Historical Park.

Previous Federal Action arborescens var. bushiana and var. endangered; Diellia erecta and swezeyi), Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. Zanthoxylum hawaiiense (as Federal action on these plants began immaculatus (as Hibiscus Zanthoxylum hawaiiense var. as a result of Section 12 of the Act, immaculatus), Ischaemum byrone, hawaiiense and var. velutinosum) were which directed the Secretary of the Marsilea villosa, Melicope reflexa (as considered threatened; and, Labordia Smithsonian Institution to prepare a Pelea reflexa), Neraudia sericea (as triflora, Melicope mucronulata (as Pelea report on plants considered to be Neraudia kahoolawensis), Peucedanum mucronulata), Plantago princeps (as endangered, threatened, or extinct in the sandwicense (as Peucedanum Plantago princeps var. acaulis, var. United States. This report, designated as kauaiense), Plantago princeps (as denticulata, and var. queleniana), and House Document No. 94–51, was Plantago princeps var. elata, var. Tetramolopium rockii were considered presented to Congress on January 9, laxifolia, var. princeps), Pritchardia to be extinct. On July 1, 1975, we 1975. In that document, Adenophorus munroi (as Pritchardia munroii), published a notice in the Federal periens, Alectryon macrococcus (as Sesbania tomentosa (as Sesbania hobdyi Register (40 FR 27823) of our Alectryon macrococcum var. and Sesbania tomentosa var. acceptance of the Smithsonian report as macrococcum and Alectryon mahoe), tomentosa), Silene alexandri, Silene a petition within the context of Section Bidens wiebkei, Brighamia rockii, lanceolata, Vigna o-wahuensis (as Vigna 4(c)(2) (now Section 4(b)(3)) of the Act, Canavalia molokaiensis, Hedyotis sandwicensis var. heterophylla and var. and giving notice of our intention to mannii (as Hedyotis thyrsoidea var. sandwicensis), and Zanthoxylum review the status of the plant taxa thyrsoidea), Hesperomannia hawaiiense (as Zanthoxylum hawaiiense named therein. As a result of that arborescens (as Hesperomannia var. citiodora) were considered review, on June 16, 1976, we published

VerDate 112000 18:18 Dec 28, 2000 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\29DEP2.SGM pfrm10 PsN: 29DEP2 83174 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules a proposed rule in the Federal Register summarized in an April 26, 1978, plants on December 15, 1980 (45 FR (41 FR 24523) to determine endangered Federal Register publication (43 FR 82479), September 27, 1985 (50 FR status pursuant to Section 4 of the Act 17909). In 1978, amendments to the Act 39525), February 21, 1990 (55 FR 6183), for approximately 1,700 required that all proposals over two September 30, 1993 (58 FR 51144), and taxa, including all of the above taxa years old be withdrawn. A one-year February 28, 1996 (61 FR 7596), and except Labordia triflora. The list of grace period was given to proposals September 19, 1977 (62 FR 49398). A 1,700 plant taxa was assembled on the already over two years old. On summary of the status categories for basis of comments and data received by December 10, 1979, we published a these 40 plant species in the 1980–1996 the Smithsonian Institution and the notice in the Federal Register (44 FR notices of review can be found in Table Service in response to House Document 70796) withdrawing the portion of the 4(a). We listed the 40 species as June 16, 1976, proposal that had not No. 94–51 and the July 1, 1975, Federal endangered or threatened between 1991 been made final, along with four other Register publication. and 1999. A summary of the listing General comments received in proposals that had expired. The Service response to the 1976 proposal are published updated notices of review for actions can be found in Table 4(b).

TABLE 4(a).ÐSUMMARY OF CANDIDACY STATUS FOR 40 PLANT SPECIES ON MOLOKAI

Federal Register Notice of Review Species 1980 1985 1990 1993 1996

Adenophorus periens ...... C1 C1 C1 Alectryon macrococcus ...... C1 C1 C1 Bidens wiebkei ...... C1 C1 C1 Brighamia rockii ...... C1 C1 C1 Canavalia molokaiensis ...... C1 C1 C1 Centaurium sebaeoides ...... C1 Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes ...... C1 Ctenitis squamigera ...... C1 C1 C1 Cyanea dunbarii. Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana ...... C1 C1 ...... C2 Cyanea mannii ...... C1 Cyanea procera ...... C1* Diellia erecta ...... C1 C1 C1 Hedyotis mannii ...... C1* C1* C1 Hesperomannia arborescens ...... C1 C1 C1 Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus ...... C1 C1 C1 Ischaemum byrone ...... C1 C1 C1 Labordia triflora ...... C2 C2 ...... C Lysmachia maxima ...... C2 C2 Mariscus fauriei ...... C1 Marsilea villosa ...... C1 C1 C1 Melicope mucronulata ...... C1 C1 C1 Melicope reflexa ...... C1 C1 C1 Neraudia sericea ...... 3A 3A C1 Peucedanum sandwicense ...... C2 C2 C2 Phyllostegia mannii ...... C1 Plantago princeps ...... C2 C2 C1 Platanthera holochila ...... C1 C1 C1 C2 Pritchardia munroi ...... C1 C1 C1 Schiedea lydgatei ...... C1 C1 Schiedea nuttallii ...... C2 Schiedea sarmentosa ...... C2 C2 Sesbania tomentosa ...... C1* C1* C1 Silene alexandri ...... C1 C1 C1 Silene lanceolata ...... C1 C1 C1 Spermolepis hawaiiensis ...... C1 Stenogyne bifida ...... C1 Tetramolopium rockii ...... C1 C1 C1 Vigna o-wahuensis ...... C1 C1 C1 Zanthoxylum hawaiiense ...... C1 C1 C1 Key: C: Taxa for which the Service has on file sufficient information on the biological vulnerability and threat(s) to support proposals to list them as endangered or threatened species. (The 1996 Notice of Review discontinued the use of different categories of candidates (as described below; candidates were redefined as species meeting the definition of former C1 species.) C1: Taxa for which the Service has on file enough sufficient information on biological vulnerability and threat(s) to support proposals to list them as endangered or threatened species. C1*: Taxa of known vulnerable status in the recent past that may already have become extinct. C2: Taxa for which there is some evidence of vulnerability, but for which there are not enough data to support listing proposals at this time. 3A: Taxa for which the Service has persuasive evidence of extinction. If rediscovered, such taxa might acquire high priority for listing.

Federal Register Notices of Review 1985: 50 FR 39525 1993: 58 FR 51144 1980: 45 FR 82479 1990: 55 FR 6183 1996: 61 FR 7596

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Section 4(a)(3) of the Act, as expected to increase the degree of threat United States District Court for the amended, and implementing regulations to the species, or (2) such designation of District of Hawaii (the Court) directed (50 CFR 424.12) require that, to the critical habitat would not be beneficial us to review the prudency maximum extent prudent and to the species. At the time each plant determinations for 245 listed plant determinable, the Secretary designate was listed, we determined that species in Hawaii, including these 39 critical habitat at the time the species is designation of critical habitat was species. Among other things, the Court determined to be endangered or prudent for one of these plants held that in most cases we did not threatened. Our regulations (50 CFR (Labordia triflora) and not prudent for sufficiently demonstrate that the species 424.12(a)(1)) state that designation of the other 39 plants because it would not are threatened by human activity or that benefit the plant and/or would increase critical habitat is not prudent when one such threats would increase with the the degree of threat to the species. or both of the following situations exist: The not prudent determinations were designation of critical habitat. The Court (1) The species is threatened by taking challenged in Conservation Council for also held that we failed to balance any or other human activity, and Hawaii v. Babbitt. 2 F. Supp. 2d 1280 risks of designating critical habitat identification of critical habitat can be (D. Haw. 1998). On March 9, 1998, the against any benefits (Id. at 1283–1285).

TABLE 4(b).ÐSUMMARY OF LISTING ACTIONS FOR 40 PLANT SPECIES ON MOLOKAI

Proposed rule Final rule Federal Species status Federal Federal Date Register Date Register

Adenophorus periens ...... E 09/14/93 58 FR 48012 11/10/94 59 FR 56333 Alectryon macrococcus ...... E 05/24/91 56 FR 23842 05/15/92 57 FR 20772 Bidens wiebkei ...... E 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Brighamia rockii ...... E 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Canavalia molokaiensis ...... E 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Centaurium sebaeoides ...... E 09/28/90 55 FR 39664 10/29/91 56 FR 55770 Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes ...... E 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Ctenitis squamigera ...... E 06/24/93 58 FR 34231 09/09/94 59 FR 49025 Cyanea dunbarii ...... E 10/02/95 60 FR 51436 10/10/96 61 FR 53130 Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana ...... E 10/02/95 60 FR 51417 10/10/96 61 FR 53108 Cyanea mannii ...... E 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Cyanea procera ...... E 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Diellia erecta ...... E 09/14/93 58 FR 48012 11/10/94 59 FR 56333 Hedyotis mannii ...... E 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Hesperomannia arborescens ...... E 10/14/92 57 FR 47028 03/28/94 59 FR 14482 Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus ...... E 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Ischaemum byrone ...... E 12/17/92 57 FR 59951 03/04/94 59 FR 10305 Labordia triflora ...... E 05/15/97 62 FR 26757 09/03/99 64 FR 48307 Lysmachia maxima ...... E 10/02/95 60 FR 51436 10/10/96 61 FR 53130 Mariscus fauriei ...... E 12/17/92 57 FR 59951 03/04/94 59 FR 10305 Marsilea villosa ...... E 02/15/91 56 FR 6349 06/22/92 57 FR 27863 Melicope mucronulata ...... E 05/24/91 56 FR 23842 05/15/92 57 FR 20772 Melicope reflexa ...... E 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Neraudia sericea ...... E 09/14/93 58 FR 48012 11/10/94 59 FR 56333 Peucedanum sandwicense ...... T 10/30/91 56 FR 55862 02/25/94 59 FR 9304 Phyllostegia mannii ...... E 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Plantago princeps ...... E 09/14/93 58 FR 48012 11/10/94 59 FR 56333 Platanthera holochila ...... E 10/02/95 60 FR 51417 10/10/96 61 FR 53108 Pritchardia munroi ...... E 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Schiedea lydgatei ...... E 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Schiedea nuttallii ...... E 10/02/95 60 FR 51417 10/10/96 61 FR 53108 Schiedea sarmentosa ...... E 10/02/95 60 FR 51436 10/10/96 61 FR 53130 Sesbania tomentosa ...... E 09/14/93 58 FR 48012 11/10/94 59 FR 56333 Silene alexandri ...... E 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Silene lanceolata ...... E 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Spermolepis hawaiiensis ...... E 09/14/93 58 FR 48012 11/10/94 59 FR 56333 Stenogyne bifida ...... E 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Tetramolopium rockii ...... T 09/20/91 56 FR 47718 10/08/92 57 FR 46325 Vigna o-wahuensis ...... E 09/14/93 58 FR 48012 11/10/94 59 FR 56333 Zanthoxylum hawaiiense ...... E 12/17/92 57 FR 59951 03/04/94 59 FR 10305 Key: E=Endangered T=Threatened

Regarding our determination that consultation requirement of the Act, the that we did not consider benefits designating critical habitat would have Court ruled that we failed to consider outside of the consultation no additional benefits to the species the specific effect of the consultation requirements. In the Court’s view, these above and beyond those already requirement on each species (Id. at potential benefits include substantive provided through the section 7 1286–88). In addition, the Court stated and procedural protections. The Court

VerDate 112000 19:11 Dec 28, 2000 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\29DEP2.SGM pfrm10 PsN: 29DEP2 83176 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules held that substantively, designation the State of Hawaii’s Division of On November 7, 2000, we published establishes a ‘‘uniform protection plan’’ and Wildlife, county the first of the court-ordered prudency prior to consultation and indicates governments, and Federal agencies (U.S. determinations and proposed critical where compliance with section 7 of the Department of Defense—Army, Navy, habitat designations for Kauai and Act is required. Procedurally, the Court Air Force). Only a few responses offered Niihau plants (65 FR 66808). The stated that the designation of critical information on the status of individual prudency determinations and proposed habitat educates the public and State plant species or on current management critical habitat designations for Maui and local governments and affords them actions for one or more of the 245 and Kahoolwe plants were published on an opportunity to participate in the Hawaiian plants. While many of the December 18, 2000 (65 FR 79192), and designation (Id. at 1288). The Court also respondents expressed support for the for Lanai plants on December 27, 2000. stated that private lands may not be designation of critical habitat for 245 In those proposals we determined that excluded from critical habitat Hawaiian plants, more than 80 percent critical habitat was prudent for 19 designation even though section 7 opposed the designation of critical species (Adenophorus periens, requirements apply only to Federal habitat for these plants. In general, these Alectryon macrococcus, Centarium agencies. In addition to the potential respondents opposed designation sebaeoides, Ctenitis squamigera, Cyanea benefit of informing the public and State because they believed it will cause grimesiana ssp. grimesiana, Diellia and local governments of the listing and economic hardship, chill cooperative erecta, Hedyotis mannii, of the areas that are essential to the projects, polarize relationships with Hesperomannia arborescens, species’ conservation, the Court found hunters, or potentially increase trespass Ischaemum byrone, Melicope that there may be Federal activity on the or vandalism on private lands. In mucronulata, Neraudia sericea, private property in the future, even addition, commenters also cited a lack Peucedanum sandwicense, Plantago though no such activity may be of information on the biological and princeps, Platanthera holochila, occurring there at the present (Id. at ecological needs of these plants which, Schiedea nuttallii, Sesbania tomentosa, 1285–88). they suggested, may lead to designation Spermolepis hawaiiensis, Vigna- On August 10, 1998, the Court based on guesswork. The respondents owahuensis, and Zanthoxylum ordered us to publish proposed critical who supported the designation of hawaiiense) that occur on Molokai as habitat designations or non-designations critical habitat cited that designation well as on Kauai, Niihau, Maui, for at least 100 species by November 30, will: provide a uniform protection plan Kahoolawe, and/or Lanai. 2000, and to publish proposed for the Hawaiian Islands; promote Critical Habitat designations or non-designations for the funding for management of these plants; Critical habitat is defined in section 3 remaining 145 species by April 30, 2002 educate the public and State of the Act as—(i) the specific areas (24 F. Supp. 2d 1074). government; and protect partnerships At the time we listed Labordia triflora within the geographic area occupied by with landowners and build trust. (64 FR 48307) we determined that a species, at the time it is listed in designation of critical habitat was On February 18, 2000, we mailed accordance with the Act, on which are prudent and that we would develop letters to over 100 landowners on the found those physical or biological critical habitat designations for this island of Molokai requesting any features (I) essential to the conservation taxon, along with nine others, at the information considered germane to the of the species and (II) that may require same time we developed designations management of any of the 255 plants on special management considerations or for the 245 Hawaiian plant species. This his/her property, and containing a copy protection; and (ii) specific areas timetable was challenged in of the November 30, 1998, Federal outside the geographic area occupied by Conservation Council for Hawaii v. Register notice, a map showing the a species at the time it is listed, upon Babbitt. Civ. No. 99–00283 HG (D. Haw. general locations of the plants that may a determination that such areas are Aug. 19, 1999, Feb. 16, 2000, and March be on his/her property, and a handout essential for the conservation of the 28, 2000). The Court agreed, however, containing general information on species. ‘‘Conservation’’ means the use that it was reasonable for us to integrate critical habitat. We received 25 written of all methods and procedures that are these ten Maui Nui (Maui, Lanai, responses to our landowner mailing necessary to bring an endangered or a Molokai, and Kahoolawe) plant taxa with varying types of information on threatened species to the point at which into the schedule established for their current land management listing under the Act is no longer designating critical habitat for the other activities. Some landowners reported necessary. 245 Hawaiian plants, and ordered us to that they are not conducting Critical habitat receives protection publish proposed critical habitat conservation management actions on under section 7 of the Act through the designations for the ten Maui Nui their lands while others provided prohibition against destruction or species by November 30, 2000, and to information on various activities such as adverse modification of critical habitat publish final critical habitat fencing, weeding, ungulate control, with regard to actions carried out, designations by November 30, 2001. hunting, control of human access, funded, or authorized by a Federal This notice responds to the Court scientific research, fire control, and agency. Section 7 also requires orders. propagation and/or planting of native conferences on Federal actions that are On November 30, 1998, we published plants. We held one open house on the likely to result in the destruction or a notice in the Federal Register island of Molokai, at the Mitchell adverse modification of proposed requesting public comments on our Pauole Community Center, on March critical habitat. In our regulations at 50 reevaluation of whether designation of 15, 2000, to meet one-on-one with local CFR 402.02, we define destruction or critical habitat is prudent for the 245 landowners and other interested adverse modification as ‘‘***the Hawaiian plants at issue (63 FR 65805). members of the public. A total of 14 direct or indirect alteration that The comment period closed on March 1, people attended the open house. In appreciably diminishes the value of 1999, and was reopened from March 24, addition we met with Maui County critical habitat for both the survival and 1999, to May 24, 1999 (64 FR 14209). Division of Forestry and Wildlife staff recovery of a listed species. Such We received over 100 responses from and discussed their management alterations include, but are not limited individuals, non-profit organizations, activities on Molokai. to, alterations adversely modifying any

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Prudency Redeterminations added protection that may be provided habitat outside of occupied areas, we under section 7, the Act does not will not designate critical habitat in As previously stated, designation of provide other forms of protection to areas outside the geographic area critical habitat is not prudent when one lands designated as critical habitat. occupied by the species. or both of the following situations exist: Because consultation under section 7 of The Service’s Policy on Information (i) The species is threatened by taking the Act does not apply to activities on Standards Under the Endangered or other human activity, and private or other non-Federal lands that Species Act, published in the Federal identification of critical habitat can be do not involve a Federal nexus, critical Register on July 1, 1994 (Vol.59, p. expected to increase the degree of such habitat designation would not afford 34271), provides criteria, establishes threat to the species; or (ii) such any additional protections under the procedures, and provides guidance to designation of critical habitat would not Act against such activities. ensure that decisions made by the be beneficial to the species (50 CFR In order to be included in a critical Service represent the best scientific and 424.12(a)(1)). habitat designation, the habitat must commercial data available. It requires To determine whether critical habitat first be ‘‘essential to the conservation of Service biologists, to the extent would be prudent for each of the 20 the species.’’ Critical habitat consistent with the Act and with the use species at issue, we analyzed the designations identify, to the extent of the best scientific and commercial potential threats and benefits for each known using the best scientific and data available, to use primary and species in accordance with the court’s commercial data available, habitat areas original sources of information as the order. Due to low numbers of that provide essential life cycle needs of basis for recommendations to designate individuals and/or populations and the species (i.e., areas on which are critical habitat. When determining their inherent immobility, the 20 plants found the primary constituent elements, which areas are critical habitat, a may be vulnerable to unrestricted as defined at 50 CFR 424.12(b)). primary source of information should be Section 4 requires that we designate collection, vandalism, or disturbance. the listing package for the species. critical habitat at the time of listing and We have examined the evidence Additional information may be obtained based on what we know at the time of currently available for each of these taxa from a recovery plan, articles in peer- the designation. When we designate and have found specific evidence of reviewed journals, conservation plans critical habitat at the time of listing or taking, vandalism, collection or trade for developed by states and counties, under short court—ordered deadlines, one species of Pritchardia, the native scientific status surveys and studies, we will often not have sufficient palm on Molokai. At the time of listing, information to identify all areas of and biological assessments or other we determined that designation of critical habitat. We are required, unpublished materials (i.e., gray critical habitat was not prudent for nevertheless, to make a decision and literature). Pritchardia munroi because it would thus must base our designations on Habitat is often dynamic, and species increase the degree of threat from what, at the time of designation, we may move from one area to another over vandalism or collecting, and would know to be critical habitat. time. Furthermore, we recognize that provide no benefit (57 FR 46325). Within the geographic area occupied designation of critical habitat may not Recently we received information on the by the species, we will designate only include all of the habitat areas that may commercial trade in palms conducted areas currently known to be essential. eventually be determined to be through the internet (Grant Canterbury, Essential areas should already have the necessary for the recovery of the USFWS, in litt. 2000). Several nurseries features and habitat characteristics that species. For these reasons, all should advertise and sell seedlings and young are necessary to sustain the species. We understand that critical habitat plants, including 13 species of Hawaiian will not speculate about what areas designations do not signal that habitat Pritchardia. Seven of these species are might be found to be essential if better outside the designation is unimportant federally protected, including information became available, or what or may not be required for recovery. Pritchardia munroi. In light of this areas may become essential over time. If Areas outside the critical habitat information, we believe that designation the information available at the time of designation will continue to be subject of critical habitat would likely increase designation does not show that an area to conservation actions that may be the threat from vandalism or collection provides essential life cycle needs of the implemented under section 7(a)(1) and to this species of Pritchardia on species, then the area should not be to the regulatory protections afforded by Molokai. First, it is easy to identify, and included in the critical habitat the section 7(a)(2) jeopardy standard second, it may be attractive to collectors designation. Within the geographic area and the section 9 take prohibition, as of rare palms either for their personal occupied by the species, we will not determined on the basis of the best use or to trade or sell for personal gain designate areas that do not now have the available information at the time of the (Johnson 1996). We believe that the primary constituent elements , as action. We specifically anticipate that evidence shows that this species of defined at 50 CFR 424.12(b), that federally funded or assisted projects palm may be attractive to such provide essential life cycle needs of the affecting listed species outside their collectors. The final listing rule for this species. designated critical habitat areas may species contained only general Our regulations state that, ‘‘The still result in jeopardy findings in some information on its distribution, but the Secretary shall designate as critical cases. Similarly, critical habitat publication of precise maps and habitat areas outside the geographic area designations made on the basis of the descriptions of critical habitat in the presently occupied by the species only best available information at the time of Federal Register would make this when a designation limited to its designation will not control the species more vulnerable to incidents of present range would be inadequate to direction and substance of future vandalism or collection, and therefore, ensure the conservation of the species.’’ recovery plans, habitat conservation make recovery more difficult and (50 CFR 424.12(e)). Accordingly, when plans, or other species conservation contribute to the decline of this species the best available scientific and planning efforts if new information (57 FR 46325).

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In addition, we believe that where it would not otherwise occur determinations on the best scientific designation would not provide because, for example, it is or has and commercial data available and to significant benefits that would outweigh become unoccupied or the occupancy is consider those physical and biological these increased risks. First, Pritchardia in question; (2) focusing conservation features that are essential to the munroi does not occur on Federal land. activities on the most essential areas; (3) conservation of the species and that may The private land where it is found is providing educational benefits to State require special management zoned for agriculture, though the single or county governments or private considerations or protection. Such tree has been fenced (HINHP Database entities; and, (4) preventing people from requirements include, but are not 2000). In addition, this species is found causing inadvertent harm to the species. limited to, space for individual and in a small ravine in an area that is In the case of these 19 species, there population growth, and for normal remote and inaccessible to standard would be some benefits to critical behavior; food, water, air, light, vehicles. It is, therefore, unlikely that habitat. The primary regulatory effect of minerals, or other nutritional or the land on which it is found will be critical habitat is the section 7 physiological requirements; cover or developed. Since there does not appear requirement that Federal agencies shelter; sites for breeding, reproduction, to be any actions in the future that refrain from taking any action that or rearing of offspring, germination, or would involve a Federal agency, destroys or adversely affects critical seed dispersal; and habitats that are designation of critical habitat would not habitat. At least four of these species are protected from disturbance or are provide any additional protection to the reported from Federal lands or lands representative of the historic species that it does not already have under Federal jurisdiction (Canavalia geographical and ecological through listing alone. If however in the molokaiensis, Centaurium sebaeoides, distributions of a species. future any Federal involvement did Peucedanum sandwicense, and As stated above in the discussion occur, such as through the permitting Tetramalopium rockii) (see Table 3), about each of the 32 species, very little process or funding by the U.S. where most actions would be subject to is known about the specific physical Department of Agriculture, the U.S. section 7. While a majority of these and biological requirements of these species are located exclusively on non- Department of Interior, the Corps species. As such, we are proposing to Federal lands with limited Federal through section 404 of the Clean Water define the primary constituent elements activities, there could be Federal actions Act, the U.S. Federal Department of on the basis of general habitat features affecting these lands in the future. Housing and Urban Development or the of the areas in which the plant species While a critical habitat designation for Federal Highway Administration, the are currently found, such as the type of habitat currently occupied by these actions would be subject to consultation plant community and their physical species would be unlikely to change the under section 7 of the Act. location (e.g., steep rocky cliffs, talus We acknowledge that critical habitat section 7 consultation outcome because slopes, stream banks) and elevation. designation, in some situations, may an action that destroys or adversely Therefore, the descriptions of the provide some value to the species, for modifies such critical habitat would example, by identifying areas important also be likely to result in jeopardy to the physical elements of the locations of for conservation and calling attention to species, there may be instances where each of these species and the plant those areas in need of special section 7 consultation would be community associated with the species, protection. However, for this species, triggered only if critical habitat were as described in the SUPPLEMENTARY we believe that the benefits of designated. There also may be some INFORMATION: Discussion of the Plant designating critical habitat do not educational or informational benefits to Taxa section above, constitute the outweigh the potential increased threats the designation of critical habitat. primary constituent elements for these from vandalism or collection. Given all Educational benefits include the species. of the above considerations, we propose notification of land owners, land C. Methods for Selection of Areas for that designation of critical habitat for managers, and the general public of the Proposed Critical Habitat Designations Pritchardia munroi is not prudent. importance of protecting the habitat of We examined the evidence for the these species and dissemination of Critical habitat is defined as the other 19 taxa and have not, at this time, information regarding their essential specific areas within the geographic area found specific evidence of taking, habitat requirements. occupied by the species, at the time it vandalism, collection or trade of these Therefore, we propose that critical is listed in accordance with the taxa or of similarly situated species. habitat is prudent for 19 plant species: provisions of section 4 of the Act, on Consequently, while we remain Bidens wiebkei, Brighamia rockii, which are found those physical and concerned that these activities could Canavalia molokaiensis, Clermontia biological features (I) essential to the potentially threaten these 19 plant oblongifolia ssp. brevipes, Cyanea conservation of the species and (II) species in the future, consistent with dunbarii, Cyanea mannii, Cyanea which may require special management applicable regulations (50 CFR procera, Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. considerations or protection (16 U.S.C. 424.12(a)(1)(i)) and the court’s immaculatus, Lysimachia maxima, 1532(5)(A)(i)). As discussed above, very discussion of these regulations, we do Mariscus fauriei, Marsilea villosa, little is known about the specific not find that any of these species are Melicope reflexa, Phyllostegia mannii, physical and biological requirements of currently threatened by taking or other Schiedea lydgatei, Schiedea most of these 40 species. Therefore, we human activity, which threats would be sarmentosa, Silene alexandri, Silene have defined primary constituent exacerbated by the designation of lanceolata, Stenogyne bifida, and elements based on the general habitat critical habitat. Tetramolopium rockii. features of the areas in which they In the absence of finding that critical currently occur such as the type of plant habitat would increase threats to a B. Primary Constituent Elements community the plants are growing in, species, if there are any benefits to In accordance with section 4(b)(2) of their physical location (e.g., steep rocky critical habitat designation, then a the Act and regulations at 50 CFR cliffs, talus slopes, stream banks), and prudent finding is warranted. The 424.12, in determining which areas to elevation. The areas we are proposing to potential benefits include: (1) Triggering propose as critical habitat, we are designate as critical habitat provide section 7 consultation in new areas required to base critical habitat some or all of the habitat components

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This regulations (section 4 (b) (2) and 50 CFR of endangered and threatened plants may include, for example, potentially 424.12) we used the best scientific could be depicted clearly (multi-species suitable unoccupied habitat that is information available to determine areas important to the recovery of the species. that contain those physical and units). However, these multi-species However, we have not included such biological features that are essential for critical habitat units are not areas in the proposed designations for the survival and recovery of the 40 plant homogenous or uniform in nature. these species because of our limited species. This information included site- Critical habitat units often encompassed knowledge of the historical range (the specific species information from the a number of plant community types. geographical area outside the area Hawaii Natural Heritage Program To examine plant occurrences, every presently occupied by the species), and (HINHP) and our rare plant database, current (post-1970) location of every our lack of more detailed information on species information from the Center for species was delineated within a 536 m the specific physical or biological Plant Conservation’s (CPC) rare plant (1,760 ft) radius circle with an features essential for the conservation of monitoring database housed at the additional 50 m (164 ft) added to the the species that would be needed, for University of Hawaii’s Lyon Arboretum, instance, to determine where to radius of each location, in order to recent biological surveys and reports, insure enough area to provide for the reintroduce a species. our recovery plans for 39 of these 40 The historical (pre-1970) or even post- proper ecological functioning of the species, discussions with botanical habitat immediately supporting the 1970 records for a species may be based experts, and recommendations (see on herbarium specimens that contain plant, for a total of 586 m (1,924 ft) below) from the Hawaii and Pacific only the most rudimentary collection radius. The 536 m (1,760 ft) radius is Plant Recovery Coordinating Committee information, such as only the name of consistent with the accuracy of the (HPPRCC) (CPC, in litt. 1999; HINHP the island from which the specimen was mapped locations of the plant(s), and is Database 2000, HPPRCC 1998, USFWS collected or a general place name (e.g., 1995a, 1995b, 1996a, 1996b, 1996c, based on the standard mapping East Molokai, Kamakou, Pelekunu). In 1997, 1998a, 1998b, 1998c; 1999). methodology for rare species used by the main Hawaiian Islands, climatic and In 1994, the HPPRCC initiated an the HINHP (1996). The additional 50 m ecological conditions such as rainfall, (164 ft) is consistent with the guidelines elevation, slope, aspect, etc., may vary effort to identify and map habitat it believed to be important for the identified in the recovery plans for these dramatically within a relatively short species for minimum-sized exclosures distance. Therefore a simple place name recovery of 282 endangered and threatened Hawaiian plant species. The for rare plants (USFWS 1995a, 1995b, does not provide adequate information 1996a, 1996b, 1996c, 1997, 1998a, on the physical and biological features HPPRCC identified these areas on most 1998b, 1998c, 1999). In cases where that may have occurred there or may of the islands in the Hawaiian chain, there were isolated species locations, a occur there now. and in 1999 we published them in our The unpredictable distribution of Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island circular area with a radius of roughly Hawaiian plant species also makes it Plants (USFWS 1999). The HPPRCC 586 m (1,924 ft) is proposed as critical difficult to designate potentially suitable expects there will be subsequent efforts habitat (HINHP 1996; USFWS 1995a, unoccupied habitat. For example, to further refine the locations of 1995b, 1996a, 1996b, 1996c, 1997, currently a species may be known from important habitat areas and that new 1998a, 1998b, 1998c, 1999). northern and southern (or eastern and survey information or research findings The manner in which we delineated western) locations on an island but not may also lead to additional refinements each multi-species proposed critical (HPPRCC 1998). from intervening locations in similar habitat unit is described below. habitat. Based on the best available Because the HPPRCC identified information, we are unable to determine essential habitat areas for all listed, —Known current locations of each whether a species once occurred in the proposed, and candidate plant species species were delineated using the intervening areas and disappeared from and evaluated species of concern to guidelines explained above (Figure there prior to Polynesian or European determine if essential habitat areas 1(a)). times (thus never having been collected would provide for their habitat needs as —The perimeter boundaries of or documented there) or simply never well, the HPPRCC’s mapping of habitat individual circular areas were occurred there. is distinct from the regulatory connected to form unit area We consider reintroduction (the designation of critical habitat, as boundaries (Figure 1(b)). planting of propagated individuals or defined by the Act. While these habitat seedlings into an area) to be an maps are a planning tool to focus —Unit area boundaries were delineated acceptable method to try to achieve conservation efforts on the areas that to follow significant topographic plant species recovery. However, native may be most important to the features (50 CFR 424.12(c)) such as plant reintroductions are difficult and conservation of Hawaii’s listed plant coastlines, ridgelines, and valleys successful efforts are not common. We species, as well as other plant species of (Figure 1(c)). do not know enough about these 40 concern, it does not substitute for the species to identify areas where more exacting regulatory process of reintroductions are likely to be designating critical habitat. Therefore, successful. We will continue to support the proposed critical habitat experimental efforts to reintroduce designations in this proposed rule do species that may eventually provide us not include all of the habitat,

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plant species were examined to determine if additional special management considerations or protection are required above those currently provided. We reviewed all available management information on these plants at these sites including published reports and surveys; annual performance reports; forestry management plans; grants; memoranda of understanding and cooperative agreements; State of Hawaii, Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW) planning documents; internal letters and memos; biological assessments and environmental impact statements; and, section 7 consultations. Additionally, each public (i.e., any county, state, or Federal government office holdings) and private landowner on Molokai with a known occurrence of one of the 40 species was contacted by mail. We reviewed all information received during the public comment period, in response to our landowner mailing and at an open house held in Kaunakakai, Molokai on March 15, 2000. When clarification was required on the information provided to us, we followed up with a telephone contact. Pursuant to the definition of critical habitat in section 3 of the Act, any area so designated must also require ‘‘special These delineation methods were used managment considerations or to facilitate identification of boundary protections.’’ Adequate special lines and to aid in implementation of management or protection is provided on-the-ground conservation measures. by a legally operative plan that In delineating critical habitat units we addresses the maintenance and made an effort to avoid developed areas improvement of the essential elements such as towns, agricultural lands, and and provides for the long-term other lands unlikely to contribute to the conservation of the species. The Service conservation of these 32 species. considers a plan adequate when it meets Within the critical habitat boundaries, all of the following three criteria: (1) adverse modification generally would The plan provides a conservation only occur if the primary constituent benefit to the species (i.e., the plan must elements are affected. Therefore, not all maintain or provide for an increase in activities within critical habitat would the species’ population or the trigger an adverse modification enhancement or restoration of its habitat conclusion. Existing features and within the area covered by the plan; (2) structures within proposed areas, such the plan provides assurances that the as buildings, roads, aqueducts, management plan will be implemented telecommunications equipment, (i.e., those responsible for implementing arboreta and gardens, heiaus the plan are capable of accomplishing (indigenous places of worship or the objectives, have an implementation shrines), and other man-made features, schedule and/or have adequate funding do not contain, and are not likely to to implement the management plan); develop, constituent elements. and, (3) the plan provides assurances Therefore, unless a Federal action the conservation plan will be effective related to such features or structures (i.e., it identifies biological goals, has indirectly affected nearby habitat provisions for reporting progress, and is containing the primary constituent of a duration sufficient to implement the elements, operation and maintenance of plan and achieve the plan’s goals and such features or structures generally objectives). If an area is covered by a would not be impacted by the plan that meets these criteria, it does not designation of critical habitat. constitute critical habitat as defined by All currently occupied sites the Act. containing one or more of the primary In determining and weighing the constituent elements considered relative significance of the threats that essential to the conservation of these 40 would need to be addressed in

VerDate 112000 18:18 Dec 28, 2000 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\29DEP2.SGM pfrm10 PsN: 29DEP2 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules 83181 management plans or agreements, we management of the wild, outplanted, HINHP Database 2000). This national considered the following: and augmented populations; (9) historical park, which is found on state- —The factors that led to the listing of habitat management and restoration owned land, is managed by the National the species, as described in the final in areas deemed essential for the Park Service under a cooperative rules for listing each of the species. recovery of these species; and (10) agreement between the State of Hawaii For all or nearly all endangered and monitoring of the wild, outplanted, and the National Park Service (Gary threatened plants in Hawaii, the major and augmented populations. Barbano, National Park Service, pers. threats include adverse impacts due In general, taking all of the above comm. 2000). Although the National to non-native plant and animal recommended management actions into Park Service conducts some species. Direct browsing, digging, and account, the following management conservation management actions on trampling by ungulates, including actions are ranked in order of these lands and provides access to pigs, goats, cattle, sheep, and deer, importance. It should be noted, others who are conducting such and direct competition from non- however, that, on a case-by-case basis, activities, there are no comprehensive native plants have led to the decline some of these actions may rise to a management plans for the long-term of Hawaii’s native flora (Cuddihy and higher level of importance for a conservation of endangered and Stone 1990; Loope 1998; Scott et al. particular species or area, depending on threatened plants on these lands and no 1986; Smith 1985; Stone 1985; the biological and physical assurances that management actions USFWS 1995a, 1995b, 1996a, 1996b, requirements of the species and the will be implemented. Therefore, we can 1996c, 1997, 1998a, 1998b, 1998c, location(s) of the individual plants: not at this time find that management 1999; Vitousek 1992; Wagner et al. —Feral ungulate control; on this land under Federal jurisdiction 1985). Ungulate activity in most areas —Non-native plant control; is adequate to preclude a proposed results in an increase of non-native — control; designation of critical habitat. Twenty-three species (Adenophorous plants because most of these non- —Invertebrate pest control; periens, Alectryon macrococcus, native plants are able to colonize —Fire control; Brighamia rockii, Canavalia newly disturbed areas more quickly —Maintenance of genetic material of the molokaiensis, Clermontia oblongifolia and effectively than Hawaii’s native endangered and threatened plant ssp. brevipes, Ctenitis squamigera, plants (Cuddihy and Stone 1990; species; —Propagation; reintroduction and/or Cyanea mannii, Cyanea procera, Diellia Mack 1992; Scott et al. 1986; Smith erecta, Hedyotis mannii, Lysimachia 1985; Tunison et al. 1992; USFWS augmentation of existing populations into areas deemed essential for the maxima, Marsilea villosa, Melicope 1995a, 1995b,1996a, 1996b, 1996c, mucronulata, Peucedanum recovery of the species; 1997, 1998a, 1998b, 1998c; 1999). sandwicense, Phyllostegia mannii, —Ongoing management of the wild, —The recommendations from the Plantago princeps, Platanthera outplanted and augmented HPPRCC in their 1998 report to the holochila, Schiedea nuttallii, Schiedea populations; Service (‘‘Habitat Essential to the sarmentosa, Stenogyne bifida, —Maintenance of natural pollinators Recovery of Hawaiian Plants’’). As Tetramolopium rockii, Vigna o- and pollinating systems, when summarized in this report, recovery wahuense, Zanthoxylum hawaiiense) known; goals for endangered Hawaiian plant are reported from The Nature —Habitat management and restoration species cannot be achieved with Conservancy’s Moomomi, Kamakou, in areas deemed essential for the ungulates (e.g., pigs, goats, deer, and and Pelekunu Preserves which are recovery of the species; sheep) present in Essential Habitat located on the northwest coast —Monitoring of the wild, outplanted Areas. (Moomomi) and in the East Molokai and augmented populations; —The management actions needed for mountains (Kamakou and Pelekunu) —Rare plant surveys; assurance of survival and ultimate (GDSI 2000; HINHP database 2000; The —Control of human activities/access. recovery of Hawaii’s endangered Nature Conservancy of Hawaii (TNCH) plants. These actions are described in As shown in Table 3, these 40 species 1993, 1994a, 1994b, 1997, 1999a, 1999b, the Service’s recovery plans for 39 of of plants occur on Federal, State, and 1999c). Two of the preserves (Moomomi the 40 species (USFWS 1995a, 1995b, private lands on the island Molokai. In and Pelekunu) are owned by The Nature 1996a, 1996b, 1996c, 1997, 1998a, response to our two public notices, Conservancy while Kamakou was 1998b, 1998c, 1999), in the 1998 letters to the landowners, open houses, established by a grant of perpetual HPPRCC report to the Service and meetings, along with information in conservation easement from the private (HPPRCC 1998), and in various other our files, we received varying amounts landowner to TNCH. All three preserves documents and publications relating and various types of information on the are included in the state’s Natural Area to plant conservation in Hawaii conservation management actions Partnership (NAP) program which (Cuddihy and Stone 1990; Mueller- occurring on these lands. Some provides matching funds for the Dombois 1985; Smith 1985; Stone landowners reported that they are not management of private lands that have 1985; Stone et al. 1992). These actions conducting conservation management been permanently dedicated to include, but are not limited to, the actions on their lands while others conservation (TNCH 1993, 1994a, following: (1) Feral ungulate control; provided information on various 1994b, 1997, 1999a, 1999b, 1999c). (2) non-native plant control; (3) activities such as fencing, weeding, Under the NAP program, the State of rodent control; (4) invertebrate pest ungulate control, hunting, control of Hawaii provides matching funds on a control; (5) fire control; (6) human access, scientific research, fire two-for-one basis for management of maintenance of genetic material of the control, and propagation and/or private lands dedicated to conservation. endangered and threatened plants planting of native plants. In order to qualify for this program, the species; (7) propagation; Four species (Canavalia molokaiensis, land must be dedicated in perpetuity reintroduction, and/or augmentation Centaurium sebaeiodes, Peucedanum through transfer of fee title or a of existing populations into areas sandwicense, Tetramolopium rockii) are conservation easement to the State or a deemed essential for the recovery of reported from Kalaupapa National cooperating entity. The land must be these species; (8) ongoing Historical Park, Molokai (GDSI 2000; managed by the cooperating entity or a

VerDate 112000 18:18 Dec 28, 2000 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\29DEP2.SGM pfrm10 PsN: 29DEP2 83182 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules qualified landowner according to a implementation of organized hunting neighboring landowners of East detailed management plan approved by through the Molokai Hunters Working Molokai’s watershed areas have formed the Board of Land and Natural Group. By monitoring ungulate activity a partnership (East Molokai Watershed Resources. Once approved, the six-year within the preserve, the staff are able to Partnership) through a memorandum of partnership agreement between the direct hunters to problem areas, thereby understanding to ensure the protection State and the managing entity is increasing hunting success. If increased of over 22,000 acres on the island. automatically renewed each year so that hunting pressure does not reduce feral While the partnership is still in its there is always six years remaining in ungulate activity in the preserve, the infancy, the members have agreed, in the term, although the management plan preserve staff will work with the principle, to participate in cooperative is updated and funding amounts are re- hunting group to identify and management activities within the East authorized by the board at least every implement alternative methods (TNCH Molokai watershed because they believe six years. By April 1 of any year the 1994, 1999). that effective management is best managing partner may notify the state The non-native plant control program achieved through the coordinated that it does not intend to renew the within Kamakou Preserve focuses on actions of all major landowners in the agreement; however, in such case the habitat modifying non-native plants watershed. partnership agreement remains in effect (weeds) and prioritizes them according Moomomi Preserve for the balance of the existing six year to the degree of threat to native term, and the conservation easement ecosystems. A weed priority list has The primary management goals remains in full effect in perpetuity. The been compiled for the preserve, and within Moomomi Preserve are to (1) conservation easement may be revoked control and monitoring of the highest prevent degradation of natural by the landowner only if state funding priority species are on-going. Weeds are communities by reducing feral ungulate is terminated without the concurrence controlled manually, chemically, or a damage; and (2) improve or maintain of the landowner and cooperating through a combination of both. the integrity of native ecosystems in entity. Prior to terminating funding, the Preventative measures (prevention selected areas of the preserve by State must conduct one or more public protocol) are required by all (volunteers, reducing the effects of non-native plants hearings. The NAP program is funded riders to the Preserve and hiking (TNCH 1999). through real estate conveyance taxes participants) who enter the Preserve. Specific management actions to which are placed in a Natural Area This protocol includes such things as address feral ungulate impacts include Reserve Fund. Participants in the NAP brushing footgear before entering the the construction of a perimeter fence to program must provide annual reports to Preserve to remove seeds of non-native keep out livestock and an agreement the Department of Land and Natural plants. In addition, the staff are actively with the neighboring landowner, Resources (DLNR) and DLNR makes promoting awareness of alien plants in Molokai Ranch, in which they will annual inspections of the work in the Hawaii and their impacts to native remove livestock within 48 hours of reserve areas. See Haw. Rev. Stat. ecosystems in the local communities on ingress. Analysis of the monitoring data §§ 195–1–195–11; Hawaii Molokai through public education at collected within the axis deer exclosure Administrative Rules § 13–210. schools, fairs, and displays at the will guide future management strategies Management programs within the airport. (TNCH 1999). preserves are documented in long-range presuppression and response As with the Kamakou Preserve, the management plans and yearly plans are coordinated with the Maui non-native plant control program within operational plans. These plans detail County Fire Department and the Moomomi Preserve focuses on habitat management measures that protect, DOFAW Maui District . The modifying non-native plants (weeds) restore, and enhance the rare plants and Kamakou Wildfire Management Plan is and prioritizes them according to the their habitats within the preserves and reviewed annually with the fire degree of threat to native ecosystems. A in adjacent areas (TNCH 1993, 1994a, department and updated as necessary weed priority list has been compiled for 1994b, 1997, 1999a, 1999b, 1999c). (TNCH 1994, 1999). In the event of fires the preserve, and control and These management measures address in areas bordering the preserve staff monitoring of the highest priority factors which led to the listing of the 23 from Kamakou assist with fire species are on-going. Weeds are species including control of non-native suppression in concert with DOFAW controlled manually, chemically, or a species of ungulates, , weeds, staff. through a combination of both. and fire. In addition, habitat restoration Natural resource monitoring and Preventative measures (prevention and monitoring are also included in research addresses the need to track the protocol) are required by all (volunteers, these plans. biological and physical resources of the riders to the Preserve and hiking preserve and evaluate changes in these participants) who enter the Preserve. Kamakou Preserve resources to guide management This protocol includes such things as The primary management goals programs. Vegetation is monitored brushing footgear before entering the within Kamakou Preserve are to (1) throughout the preserve to document Preserve to remove seeds of non-native prevent degradation of native forest by long term ecological changes; rare plant plants. In addition, the staff are actively reducing feral ungulate damage; (2) species are monitored to assess promoting awareness of alien plants in improve or maintain the integrity of population status; and, following fires Hawaii and their impacts to native native ecosystems in selected areas of on the boundaries or within the ecosystems in the local communities on the preserve by reducing the effects of preserve, burned areas are assessed for Molokai through public education at non-native plants; and (3) suppress ingress of weeds and recovery of native schools, fairs, and displays at the airport wildfires. plants. In addition, the preserve staff (TNCH 1999). Specific management actions to provide logistical support to scientists Natural resource monitoring and address feral ungulate impacts include and others who are conducting research research addresses the need to track the the construction of fences, including within the preserve. biological and physical resources of the strategic fencing (fences placed in In addition, TNCH, DOFAW, USFWS preserve and evaluate changes in these proximity to natural barriers such as and other Federal agencies including resources to guide management cliffs); staff hunting; and the National Park Service, and programs. Vegetation is monitored

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Conservation Agreements, Safe Harbor to scientists and others who are Because these plants and their Agreements) should trigger revision of conducting research within the preserve habitats within the preserves receive designated critical habitat to exclude (TNCH 1999). long-term protection and management such lands and, if so, by what these lands are not in need of special mechanism. Pelekunu Preserve management considerations or The primary management goals protection. Therefore, we have In summary, the proposed critical within Pelekunu Preserve are to (1) determined that the private lands within habitat areas described below constitute prevent degradation of native forest by Moomomi Preserve, Kamakou Preserve, our best assessment of the physical and reducing feral ungulate damage; and (2) and Pelekunu Preserve do not meet the biological features needed for the improve or maintain the integrity of definition of critical habitat in the Act, conservation of 32 plant species native ecosystems in selected areas of and we are not proposing designation of (Alectryon macrococcus, Bidens the preserve by reducing the effects of these lands as critical habitat. Should wiebkei, Brighamia rockii, Canavalia non-native plants. the status of these reserves change, for molokaiensis, Centarium sebaeoides, Specific management actions to example by non-renewal of a Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes, address feral ungulate impacts include partnership agreement or termination of Ctenitis squamigera, Cyanea dunbarii, staff hunting; implementation of NAP funding, we will reconsider Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana, organized hunting through the Molokai whether it then meets the definition of Cyanea mannii, Cyanea procera, Diellia Hunters Working Group; and quarterly critical habitat. If so, we have the erecta, Hesperomannia arborescens, transect and aerial monitoring of authority to proposed to amend critical Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus, ungulate activity. By monitoring habitat to include such area at that time. Ischaemum byrone, Labordia triflora, ungulate activity within the preserve, 50 CFR 424.12(g). Critical habitat is not Mariscus fauriei, Marsilea villosa, the staff are able to direct hunters to proposed for six species, Adenophorous Melicope mucronulata, Melicope problem areas, thereby increasing periens, Hedyotis mannii, Phyllostegia reflexa, Neraudia sericea, Peucedanum hunting success. If increased hunting mannii, Plantago princeps, Platanthera sandwicense, Schiedea lydgatei, pressure does not reduce feral ungulate holochila, and Schiedea nuttallii, that Schiedea sarmentosa, Sesbania activity in the preserve, the preserve are currently only found in Kamakou tomentosa, Silene alexandri, Silene staff work with the hunting group to Preserve and for one species, lanceolata, Spermolepis hawaiiensis, identify and implement alternative Lysimachia maxima, that is only found Stenogyne bifida, Tetramolopium rockii, methods (TNCH 1999). in Pelekunu Preserve. As with the other two preserves on Vigna o-wahuensis, and Zanthoxylum For the 40 species in this proposed hawaiiense) and the special Molokai, the non-native plant control rule for which primary constituent management needs of the species, and program within Pelekunu Preserve elements are known, we believe that are based on the best scientific and focuses on habitat modifying non-native Kamakou Preserve, Moomomi Preserve, commercial information available and plants (weeds) and prioritizes them and Pelekunu Preserve are the only according to the degree of threat to potential critical habitat areas on described above. We put forward this native ecosystems. A weed priority list Molokai at this time that do not require proposal acknowledging that we have has been compiled for the preserve, and special management considerations or incomplete information regarding many control and monitoring of the highest protection. However, we are specifically of the primary biological and physical priority species are on-going. Weeds are soliciting comments on the requirements for these species. controlled manually, chemically, or a appropriateness of this approach. However, both the Act and the relevant through a combination of both. If we receive information during the court orders require us to proceed with Preventative measures (prevention public comment period that any of the designation at this time based on the protocol) are required by all (volunteers, lands within the proposed designations best information available. As new riders to the Preserve and hiking are actively managed to promote the information accrues, we may reevaluate participants) who enter the Preserve. conservation and recovery of the 40 which areas warrant critical habitat This protocol includes such things as listed species at issue in this proposed designation. We anticipate that brushing footgear before entering the designation, in accordance with long comments received through the public Preserve to remove seeds of non-native term conservation management plans or review process and from any public plants. In addition, the staff are actively agreements, and there are assurances hearings, if requested, will provide us promoting awareness of alien plants in that the proposed management actions with additional information to use in Hawaii and their impacts to native will be implemented and effective, the our decision making process and in ecosystems in the local communities on Service can consider this information assessing the potential impacts of Molokai through public education at when making a final determination of designating critical habitat for one or schools, fairs, and displays at the critical habitat. more of these species. airport. In addition, we are aware that other The approximate areas of proposed Natural resource monitoring and private landowners and the State of research addresses the need to track the Hawaii are considering the development critical habitat, by land ownership, are biological and physical resources of the of land management plans or shown in Table 5. Proposed critical preserve and evaluate changes in these agreements that may promote the habitat includes habitat for 32 species resources to guide management conservation and recovery of predominantly on the east side of programs. Vegetation is monitored endangered and threatened plant Molokai. Lands proposed as critical throughout the preserve to document species on the island of Molokai. The habitat have been divided into 28 units. long term ecological changes; and rare Service supports these efforts and A brief description of each unit is plant species are monitored to assess provides technical assistance whenever presented below.

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Descriptions of Critical Habitat Units owned by a private entity. The natural total of 49 ha (121 ac). The land feature found in this unit is the western Molokai A contained within this unit is owned by most portion of Kamakaipo Gulch. the State. The natural features found in The proposed unit Molokai A Molokai B this unit are Ilio Point, Kawaihau and provides critical habitat for one species: Keonehanau. Marsilea villosa. This unit contains a The proposed unit Molokai B total of 73 hectares (ha) (180 acres (ac)). provides critical habitat for one species: The land contained within this unit is Marsilea villosa. This unit contains a

TABLE 5.ÐAPPROXIMATE PROPOSED CRITICAL HABITAT AREA BY UNIT AND LAND OWNERSHIP, MOLOKAI, MAUI COUNTY, HAWAII

Unit name State Private Federal Total

Molokai A ...... N/A ...... 73 ha (180 ac) ...... N/A ...... 73 ha (180 ac) Molokai B ...... 49 ha (121 ac) ...... N/A ...... N/A ...... 49 ha (121 ac) Molokai C ...... N/A ...... 254 ha (628 ac) ...... N/A ...... 254 ha (628 ac) Molokai D ...... 213 ha (526 ac) ...... 95 ha (235 ac) ...... N/A ...... 308 ha (761 ac) Molokai E ...... 72 ha (178 ac) ...... N/A ...... N/A ...... 72 ha (178 ac) Molokai F ...... 77 ha (190 ac) ...... N/A ...... N/A ...... 77 ha (190 ac) Molokai G ...... N/A ...... 649 ha (1,604 ac) ...... N/A ...... 649 ha (1,604 ac) Molokai H ...... 637 ha (1,574 ac) ...... 302 ha (746 ac) ...... N/A ...... 939 ha (2,320 ac) Molokai I ...... 204 ha (504 ac) ...... N/A ...... N/A ...... 204 ha (504 ac) Molokai J ...... 298 ha* (736 ac) ...... 416 ha (1,028 ac) ...... N/A ...... 714 ha (1,764 ac) Molokai K ...... 36 ha (89 ac) ...... 91 ha (225 ac) ...... N/A ...... 127 ha (314 ac) Molokai L ...... N/A ...... 137 ha (339 ac) ...... N/A ...... 137 ha (339 ac) Molokai M ...... N/A ...... 122 ha (301 ac) ...... N/A ...... 122 ha (301 ac) Molokai N ...... N/A ...... 300 ha (741 ac) ...... N/A ...... 300 ha (741 ac) Molokai O ...... N/A ...... 44 ha (109 ac) ...... N/A ...... 44 ha (109 ac) Molokai P ...... 66 ha (163 ac) ...... 52 ha (128 ac) ...... N/A ...... 118 ha (291 ac) Molokai Q ...... 83 ha (205 ac) ...... 202 ha (499 ac) ...... N/A ...... 285 ha (704 ac) Molokai R ...... 30 ha (74 ac) ...... 92 ha (227 ac) ...... N/A ...... 122 ha (301 ac) Molokai S ...... N/A ...... 199 ha (492 ac) ...... N/A ...... 199 ha (492 ac) Molokai T ...... N/A ...... 125 ha (309 ac) ...... N/A ...... 125 ha 309 ac) Molokai U ...... 166 ha (410 ac) ...... 28 ha (69 ac) ...... N/A ...... 194 ha (479 ac) Molokai V ...... 136 ha (336 ac) ...... 147 ha (363 ac) ...... N/A ...... 283 ha (699 ac) Molokai W ...... 1 ha (2 ac) ...... N/A ...... N/A ...... 1 ha (2 ac) Molokai X ...... 424 ha* (1,048 ac) ...... N/A ...... N/A ...... 424 ha (1,048 ac) Molokai Y ...... 70 ha* (173 ac) ...... 45 ha (111 ac) ...... N/A ...... 115 ha (284 ac) Molokai Z ...... N/A ...... 111 ha (274 ac) ...... N/A ...... 111 ha (274 ac) Molokai Aa ...... 109 ha (269 ac) ...... N/A ...... 5 ha (12 ac) ...... 114 ha (281 ac) Molokai Bb ...... 4 ha (10 ac) ...... N/A ...... N/A ...... 4 ha (10 ac) Total ...... 2,674 ha (6,608 ac) ...... 3,483 ha (8,608 ac) ...... 5 ha (12 ac) ...... 6,163 ha (15,228 ac) * Portions of unit are found in Kalaupapa National Historical Park which is managed by the National Park Service.

Molokai C Molokai E Cyanea mannii, Diellia erecta, Neraudia sericea, Schiedea lydgatei, Schiedea The proposed unit Molokai E The proposed unit Molokai C sarmentosa, Sesbania tomentosa, Silene provides critical habitat for one species: provides critical habitat for two species: lanceolata, Silene alexandri, Sesbania tomentosa. This unit contains Centaurium sebaeoides and Marsilea Spermolepis hawaiiensis, Vigna o- villosa. This unit contains a total of 254 a total of 72 ha (178 ac). The land contained within this unit is owned by wahuensis and Zanthoxylum ha (628 ac). The land contained within hawaiiensis. This unit contains a total of this unit is owned by a private entity. the State’s Department of Hawaiian Homelands. The natural feature found 649 ha (1,604 ac). The lands contained The natural features found in this unit in this unit is Nenehanaupo. within this unit are owned by private are Pueoao, Kaeo and Mokio Point. entities and are partially found within Molokai F the Molokai Forest Reserve. The natural Molokai D The proposed nit Molokai F provides features found in this unit are Puu The proposed unit Molokai D critical habitat for one species: Cyanea kolekole, Na Puu Kulua, Waiakuilani provides critical habitat for two species: procera. This unit contains a total of 77 Gulch, Kapuaokoolau Gulch, Sesbania tomentosa and Tetramolopium ha (190 ac). The land contained within Wahuaalapai and Makolelau. rockii. This unit contains a total of 308 this unit is owned by the State of Molokai H ha (761 ac). The lands contained within Hawaii and is located within Puu Alii this unit is owned by the State’s NAR. The natural features found in this The proposed unit Molokai H Department of Hawaiian Homelands unit are portions of the Waikolu Stream provides critical habitat for six species: and a private entity. The natural and Hanalilolilo. Alectryon macrococcus, Mariscus fauriei, Melicope mucronulata, Schidea features found in this unit are Kawaaloa, Molokai G Moomomi, Naaukahihi, Kawahuha, lydgatei, Schiedea sarmentosa, and Kahinaakalani and Anahaki. The proposed unit Molokai G Sesbania tomentosa. This unit contains provides critical habitat for 13 species: a total of 939 ha (2,320 ac). The lands Alectryon macrococcus, Bidens wiebkei, contained within this unit are owned by

VerDate 112000 18:18 Dec 28, 2000 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\29DEP2.SGM pfrm10 PsN: 29DEP2 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules 83185 the State of Hawaii, including the Molokai N Molokai S Department of Hawaiian Homelands, The proposed unit Molokai N The proposed unit Molokai S and a private entity and are partially provides critical habitat for three provides critical habitat for one species: found within the State’s Molokai Forest species: Ctenitis squamigera, Cyanea Bidens wiebkei. This unit contains a Reserve and Kamiloloa Plant Sanctuary. mannii, and Labordia triflora. This unit total of 199 ha (492 ac). The land The natural features found in this area contains a total of 300 ha (741 ac). The contained within this unit is owned by are Kamiloloa, Makakupaia, Onini lands contained within this unit are a private entity. The natural features Gulch, Ooa, Makakupaia 2, a portion of owned by private entities. The natural found in this unit are Kawaikapu, the south fork of Kaunakakai and features found in this unit are Puu Kepuna Gulch, Lamaloa Gulch, Kamiloloa Gulches. Haha, Kaapahu, Haha Falls, Kalapa Halawaiki Gulch, Kuinanaho Gulch, Molokai I Konomanu, Kumueli Gulch, Helani Kaonihu and Lamaloa Head. Ridge, Kumueli, Kalapamoa Ridge, Kua Molokai T The proposed unit Molokai I provides Gulch, Wawaia Gulch and Helani critical habitat for two species: Gulch. The proposed unit Molokai T Alectryon macrococcus and Canavalia provides critical habitat for two species: molokaiensis. This unit contains a total Molokai O Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus of 204 ha (504 ac). The land contained The proposed unit Molokai O and Ischaemum byrone. This unit within this unit is owned by the State provides critical habitat for one species: contains a total of 125 ha (309 ac). The of Hawaii and is found in the Molokai Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes. lands contained within this unit are Forest Reserve. The natural features This unit contains a total of 44 ha (1089 owned by private entities. The natural found in this unit are Kaunakakai ac). The lands contained within this features found in this unit are Kikipua Gulch, Puu Makaliilii and Kupaia unit are owned solely by a private Point, Waiokala, Papalaua Valley, Gulch. owner. The natural features found in Kahiwa Gulch and Kahiwa Falls. this unit are portions of the headwaters Molokai J of the Kamalo Stream. Molokai U The proposed unit Molokai U The proposed unit Molokai J provides Molokai P critical habitat for three species: provides critical habitat for two species: Canavalia molokaiensis, Cyanea The proposed unit Molokai P Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana and dunbarii and Cyanea mannii. This unit provides critical habitat for one species: Melicope reflexa. This unit contains a contains a total of 714 ha (1,764 ac). The Stenogyne bifida. This unit contains a total of 194 ha (479 ac). The lands lands contained within this unit are total of 118 ha (291 ac). The lands contained within this unit are owned by owned by the State of Hawaii and contained within this unit are owned by the State and private owners, and are private owners, and are found in the the State and private entities, and are partially contained within the State’s State’s Molokai Forest Reserve, and located partially within the State’s Molokai Forest Reserve. The natural lands under Federal management at Molokai Forest Reserve. The natural features found in this unit are Kukuinai Kalaupapa National Historical Park. The features found in this unit are Pelekunu Ridge and Naehu. Gulch, Manawai Gulch, Kahananui natural features found in this unit are Gulch and Ohia Gulch. Molokai V Kapuna Spring, Mokomoka Gulch, The proposed Unit V provides critical Kalamaula, Waihanau Stream, Molokai Q habitat for six species: Brighamia rockii, Maunahui, Kaunakakai Gulch, The proposed unit Molokai Q Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana, Kaunakakai and Kahuaawi Gulch. provides critical habitat for one species: Hesperomannia arborescens, Hibiscus Molokai K Melicope reflexa. This unit contains a arnottianus ssp. immaculatus, total of 285 ha (704 ac). The lands Ischaemum byrone, and Peucedanum The proposed unit Molokai K contained within this unit are owned by sandwicense. This unit contains a total provides critical habitat for one species: the State and private entities, and are of 283 ha (699 ac). The lands contained Sesbania tomentosa. This unit contains partially found within the State’s within this unit are owned by the State a total of 127 ha (314 ac). The lands Molokai Forest Reserve. The natural and private owners, and are partially contained within this unit are owned by features found within this unit are contained within the State’s Olokui the State’s Department of Hawaiian Kapuna Gulch, Puu Lua, Kaupuuiki, NAR and Molokai Forest Reserve. The Homelands and private entities. The Puu Lua Wailau, Puu ohelo, natural features found in this unit are natural feature found in this unit is Kawaiuliuli, Waiopipi, Honomuni Waiehu, Wailele Falls, Wailau Stream, Onini Gulch. Gulch, Uluwini Gulch and Kupeke Kahawaiiki Stream and Lepau Point. Molokai L Gulch. Molokai W Molokai R The proposed unit Molokai L The proposed unit Molokai W provides critical habitat for one species: The proposed unit Molokai R provides critical habitat for two species: Sesbania tomentosa. This unit contains provides critical habitat for one species: Brighamia rockii and Peucedanum a total of 137 ha (339 ac). The lands Diellia erecta. This unit contains a total sandwicense. This unit contains a total contained within this unit are owned by of 122 ha (301 ac). The lands contained of 1 ha (2 ac) and is owned by the State. private entities. within this unit are owned by the State This unit is the entire islet of Huelo and private entities, and are partially Molokai M which is the Huelo Bird Sanctuary. located within the State’s Molokai The proposed unit Molokai M Forest Reserve. The natural features Molokai X provides critical habitat for one species: found in this unit are Popaakai Gulch, The proposed Unit X on the island of Sesbania tomentosa. This unit contains Nawaihulili Stream, Moaula Stream, Molokai provides critical habitat for two a total of 122 ha (301 ac). The lands Hipuapua Stream, Hipuapua Falls, species: Canavalia molokaiensis and contained within this unit are owned by Moaula Falls, Halawa Valley, Halawa Tetramolopium rockii. This unit private entities. Stream, and Poala. contains a total of 424 ha (1,048 ac). The

VerDate 112000 18:18 Dec 28, 2000 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\29DEP2.SGM pfrm10 PsN: 29DEP2 83186 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules land contained within this unit is a direct or indirect alteration that critical habitat is designated, if no owned by the State and is managed by appreciably diminishes the value of significant new information or changes the National Park Service at Kalaupapa critical habitat for both the survival and in the action alter the content of the National Historical Park. The natural recovery of a listed species. Such opinion. See 50 CFR 402.10(d). features in this unit are Kiloia, Ka Lae, alterations include, but are not limited Regulations at 50 CFR 402.16 require Keanakua, Kaaia, Meaula Ridge, Puu to, alterations adversely modifying any Federal agencies to reinitiate Kauwa, Kepono, Keawaiki, Waialeia of those physical or biological features consultation on previously reviewed Stream, Mokio, Makalii, Kalawao, that were the basis for determining the actions under certain circumstances, Kuololimu, Alau and Kaupikiawa. habitat to be critical (50 CFR 402.02). including instances where critical Individuals, organizations, States, local habitat is subsequently designated and Molokai Y governments, and other non-Federal the Federal agency has retained The proposed unit Molokai Y entities are affected by the designation discretionary involvement or control provides critical habitat for one species: of critical habitat only if their actions has been retained or is authorized by Peucedanum sandwicense. This unit occur on Federal lands, require a law. Consequently, some Federal contains a total of 115 ha (284 ac). The Federal permit, license, or other agencies may request consultation or lands contained within this unit are authorization, or involve Federal conferencing with us on actions for owned by the State’s Department of funding. which formal consultation has been Hawaiian Homelands and a private Section 7(a) of the Act means that completed if those actions may affect entity, and are found partially within Federal agencies must evaluate their designated critical habitat or adversely the federally managed Kalaupapa actions with respect to any species that modify or destroy proposed critical National Historical Park and partially is proposed or listed as endangered or habitat. within the State’s Palaau State Park. The threatened and with respect to its Activities on lands being proposed as natural features found in this unit are critical habitat, if any is designated or critical habitat for these 32 species or Awahua and Puwahi. proposed. Regulations implementing activities that may indirectly affect such this interagency cooperation provision lands and that conducted by a Federal Molokai Z of the Act are codified at 50 CFR Part agency, funded by a Federal agency or The proposed unit Molokai Z 402. If a Federal action may affect a require a permit from a Federal agency provides critical habitat for one species: listed species or its critical habitat, the will be subject to the section 7 Tetramolopium rockii. This unit responsible Federal agency must enter consultation process. Federal actions contains a total of 111 ha (274 ac). The into consultation with us. If, at the not affecting critical habitat, as well as land contained within this unit is conclusion of consultation, we issue a actions on non-Federal lands that are owned by a private owner. This unit is biological opinion concluding that the not federally funded or permitted, will located on the southwestern edge of project is likely to result in the not require Section 7 consultation. TNCH’s Moomomi Preserve. destruction or adverse modification of Section 4(b)(8) of the Act requires us critical habitat, we also provide to briefly describe and evaluate in any Molokai Aa reasonable and prudent alternatives to proposed or final regulation that The proposed unit Molokai Aa the project, if any are identifiable. designates critical habitat those provides critical habitat for one species: Reasonable and prudent alternatives are activities involving a Federal action that Centarium sebaeoides. This unit defined at 50 CFR 402.02 as alternative may adversely modify such habitat or contains a total of 114 ha (281 ac). The actions identified during consultation that may be affected by such land contained within this unit is that can be implemented in a manner designation. Activities that may destroy federally (Department of Treasury) and consistent with the intended purpose of or adversely modify critical habitat State owned, and managed by the the action, that are consistent with the include those that alter the primary National Park Service. This unit is scope of the Federal agency’s legal constituent elements to the extent that located in Kalaupapa National authority and jurisdiction, that are the value of critical habitat for both the Historical Park on the Kalaupapa economically and technologically survival and recovery of any one of the Peninsula. The natural features found in feasible, and that the Director believes 32 species is appreciably reduced. We this unit are Kapapakikane, Kahui Point, would avoid destruction or adverse note that such activities may also Lae Hoolehua, and Kaupikiawa. modification of critical habitat. jeopardize the continued existence of Section 7(a)(4) requires Federal the species. Activities that, when Molokai Bb agencies to confer with us on any action carried out, funded, or authorized by a The proposed unit Molokai Bb that is likely to jeopardize the continued Federal agency, may directly or provides critical habitat for one species: existence of a proposed species or result indirectly destroy or adversely modify Peucedanum sandwicensis. This unit in destruction or adverse modification critical habitat include, but are not contains a total of 4 ha (10 ac). The land of proposed critical habitat. Conference limited to: contained within this unit is owned by reports provide conservation (1) Activities that appreciably degrade the State. This unit is the entire islet of recommendations to assist the agency in or destroy habitat defined in the Mokapu which is the Mokapu Bird eliminating conflicts that may be caused discussion of primary constituent Sanctuary. by the proposed action. The elements including but not limited to: conservation recommendations in a overgrazing; maintenance of feral Effects of Critical Habitat Designation conference report are advisory. We may ungulates; clearing, cutting of native Section 7(a) of the Act requires issue a formal conference report if live trees and shrubs, whether by Federal agencies to ensure that actions requested by a Federal agency. Formal burning or mechanical, chemical, or they fund, authorize, or carry out do not conference reports on proposed critical other means (e.g., woodcutting, jeopardize the continued existence of a habitat contain biological opinion that is bulldozing, construction, road building, listed species or destroy or adversely prepared according to 50 CFR 402.12, as mining, herbicide application, etc.); modify its critical habitat. Destruction if critical habitat were designated. We introducing or enabling the spread of or adverse modification of critical may adopt the formal conference report non-native species; and taking actions habitat is defined by our regulations as as the biological opinion when the that pose a risk of fire.

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(2) Water diversion or impoundment, regulations on listed wildlife and plants soliciting comments on the groundwater pumping, or other activity and inquiries about prohibitions and appropriateness of this approach. that alters water quality or quantity to permits may be addressed to the U.S. We also invite comments from the an extent that wet forest or bog Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of public that provide information on vegetation is significantly affected; and, Endangered Species/Permits. whether lands within proposed critical (3) Recreational activities that habitat are currently being managed to Economic and Other Relevant Impacts appreciably degrade vegetation. address conservation needs of these Analysis Actions affected by designation of listed plants. As stated earlier in this critical habitat may include, but are not Section 4(b)(2) of the Act requires that proposed rule, if we receive information limited to: we designate critical habitat on the basis that any of the areas proposed as critical (1) Regulation of activities affecting of the best scientific and commercial habitat are adequately managed, we may waters of the United States by the Army information available and consider the delete such areas from the final rule Corps of Engineers under section 404 of economic and other relevant impacts of because they would not meet the the Clean Water Act; designating a particular area as critical definition in section 3(5)(A)(i) of the (2) Development requiring permits habitat. Consideration of economic and Act. In determining adequacy of from Federal agencies such as Housing other impacts will take place in the final management, we must find that the and Urban Development; rule. See 50 CFR 424.19. Although at management effort is sufficiently certain (3) Federally funded / this time we cannot identify any to be implemented and effective so as to forestry projects and research by the incremental effects of this proposed contribute to the elimination or U.S. Department of Agriculture (Natural critical habitat designation above those adequate reduction of relevant threats to Resource Conservation Service and impacts of listing, we will conduct an the species. Forest Service); economic analysis to further evaluate In determining whether an action is (4) Regulation of airport improvement this issue. We will conduct the likely to be implemented, we will activities by the Federal Aviation economic analysis for this proposal generally consider the following: Administration jurisdiction; prior to a final determination. When the —Whether or not a management plan or (5) Road construction and draft economic analysis is completed, agreement exists which specifies the maintenance by, or funded by, the U.S. we will announce its availablility with management actions being Department of Transportation; a notice in the Federal Register, and we (6) Federally funded importation of implemented, or if to be will have a comment period for 30 days alien species for research, agriculture, implemented, the schedule for at that time to accept comments. and aquaculture, and the release or implementation; —Whether there are responsible authorization of release of biological We will utilize the final economic party(ies), and funding source(s) or control agents by the U.S. Department of analysis, and take into consideration all other resources necessary to Agriculture; comments and information regarding (7) Regulation of activities affecting economic or other impacts submitted implement the actions, with a high point source pollution discharges into during the public comment period and level of certainty that the funding will waters of the United States by the any public hearings, if requested, to be provided; and —The authority and long-term Environmental Protection Agency under make final critical habitat designations. commitment of the party(ies) to the section 402 of the Clean Water Act; We may exclude areas from critical (8) Hazard mitigation and post- habitat upon a determination that the agreement or plan to implement the disaster repairs funded by the Federal benefits of such exclusions outweigh the management action, as demonstrated, Emergency Management Agency; benefits of specifying such areas as part for example, by a legal instrument (9) Installation and maintenance of of critical habitat; however, we cannot providing enduring protection and U.S. Coast Guard navigational aids; exclude areas from critical habitat when management of the lands. (10) Construction of communication such exclusion will result in the In determining whether an action is sites licensed by the Federal extinction of the species. likely to be effective, we will generally Communications Commission; and Public Comments Solicited consider whether or not the plan is (11) Construction activities by the specific concerning the threats to be U.S. Department of Interior (National It is our intent that any final action addressed by the management actions; Park Service); resulting from this proposal be as whether such actions have been (12) Activities not mentioned above accurate and as effective as possible. successful in the past; whether there are funded or authorized by the U.S. Therefore, we solicit comments or provisions for monitoring and Department of Agriculture (Forest suggestions from the public, other assessment of the effectiveness of the Service, Natural Resources Conservation concerned governmental agencies, the management actions; and whether Service), Department of Defense, scientific community, industry or any adaptive management principles have Department of Transportation, other interested party concerning this been incorporated into the plan. Department of Energy, Department of proposed rule. We are aware that the State of Hawaii Interior (U.S. Geological Survey, In this rule, we do not propose to and some private landowners may be National Park Service), Department of designate critical habitat on the private considering the development and Commerce (National Oceanic and lands within Moomomi, Pelekunu, and implementation of land management Atmospheric Administration) or any Kamakou Preserves because these areas plans or agreements that may promote other Federal agency. are dedicated to conservation and are the conservation and recovery of If you have questions regarding managed for the benefit of the federally endangered and threatened plant whether specific activities will protected plant species found there. We species on the island of Molokai. We are constitute adverse modification of believe that these areas are not in need soliciting comments in this proposed critical habitat, contact the Field of special management considerations rule on whether current land Supervisor, Pacific Islands Ecological or protection and, therefore, do not meet management plans or practices applied Services Field Office (see ADDRESSES the definition of critical habitat in the within the areas proposed as critical section). Requests for copies of the Act. We are, however, specifically habitat adequately address the threats to

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(4) Is the description of the Agreements, etc.) should be excluded names and home addresses of proposed rule in the SUPPLEMENTARY from critical habitat, and if so, by what respondents, available for public review INFORMATION section of the preamble mechanism. during regular business hours. helpful in understanding the document? In addition, we are seeking comments Individual respondents may request that (5) What else could we do to make the on the following: we withhold their home address, which proposed rule easier to understand? (1) The reasons why critical habitat we will honor to the extent allowable by Send a copy of any comments that for any of these species is prudent or not law. There also may be circumstances in concern how we could make this notice prudent as provided by section 4 of the which we would withhold a easier to understand to: Office of Act and 50 CFR 424.12(a)(1), including respondent’s identity, as allowable by Regulatory Affairs, Department of the whether the benefits of designation law. If you wish us to withhold your Interior, Room 7229, 1849 C Street, NW, would outweigh any threats to these name and/or address, you must state Washington, DC 20240. You may e-mail species due to designation; this request prominently at the your comments to this address: (2) The reasons why any particular beginning of your comment. However, [email protected]. area should or should not be designated we will not consider anonymous as critical habitat for any of these comments. To the extent consistent with Required Determinations species, as critical habitat is defined by applicable law, we will make all 1. Regulatory Planning and Review section 3 of the Act (16 U.S.C. 1532 (5)); submissions from organizations or In accordance with Executive Order (3) Specific information on the businesses, and from individuals (EO) 12866, this action was submitted amount and distribution of habitat for identifying themselves as for review by the Office of Management Adenophorous periens, Alectryon representatives or officials of and Budget (OMB). We are in the macrococcus, Bidens wiebkei, organizations or businesses, available Brighamia rockii, Canavalia for public inspection in their entirety. process of preparing an economic molokaiensis, Centarium sebaeoides, Comments and materials received will analysis to determine the economic Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes, be available for public inspection, by consequences of designating the specific Ctenitis squamigera, Cyanea dunbarii, appointment, during normal business areas identified as critical habitat. If our Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana, hours at the above address. economic analysis reveals that the Cyanea mannii, Cyanea procera, Diellia economic impacts of designating any erecta, Hedyotis mannii, Peer Review area as critical habitat outweigh the Hesperomannia arborescens, Hibiscus In accordance with our policy benefits of designation, we may exclude arnottianus ssp. immaculatus, published on July 1, 1994 (59 FR those areas from consideration, unless Ischaemum byrone, Labordia triflora, 34270), we will seek the expert opinions such exclusion will result in the Lysimachia maxima, Mariscus fauriei, of at least three appropriate and extinction of the species. Marsilea villosa, Melicope mucronulata, independent specialists regarding this (a) While we will prepare an Melicope reflexa, Neraudia sericea, proposed rule. The purpose of such economic analysis to assist us in Peucedanum sandwicense, Phyllostegia review is to ensure listing and critical considering whether areas should be mannii, Plantago princeps, Platanthera habitat decisions are based on excluded pursuant to section 4 of the holochila, Pritchardia munroi, Schiedea scientifically sound data, assumptions, Act, at this time we do not believe this lydgatei, Schiedea nuttallii, Schiedea and analyses. We will send copies of rule will have an annual economic sarmentosa, Sesbania tomentosa, Silene this proposed rule to these peer effect of $100 million or adversely affect alexandri, Silene lanceolata, reviewers immediately following an economic sector, productivity, jobs, Spermolepis hawaiiensis, Stenogyne publication in the Federal Register. We the environment, or other units of bifida, Tetramolopium rockii, Vigna o- will invite the peer reviewers to government. Therefore we do not wahuensis, and Zanthoxylum comment, during the public comment believe a cost benefit and economic hawaiiense, and what habitat is period, on the specific assumptions and analysis pursuant to EO 12866 is essential to the conservation of the conclusions regarding the proposed required. species and why; designations of critical habitat. The plants at issue were listed as (4) practices and current or We will consider all comments and endangered or threatened species planned activities in the subject areas data received during the 60-day between the years 1991 and 1999. The and their possible impacts on proposed comment period on this proposed rule areas proposed for critical habitat are critical habitat; during preparation of a final currently occupied by one or more of (5) Any economic or other impacts rulemaking. Accordingly, the final these species. Under section 7 of the resulting from the proposed decision may differ from this proposal. Act, critical habitat may not be designations of critical habitat, destroyed or adversely modified by a including, any impacts on small entities Clarity of the Rule Federal agency action; it does not or families; and Executive Order 12866 requires each impose any restrictions on non-Federal (6) Economic and other potential agency to write regulations and notices persons unless they are conducting values associated with designating that are easy to understand. We invite activities funded or otherwise critical habitat for the above plant your comments on how to make this sponsored or permitted by a Federal species such as those derived from non- proposed rule easier to understand agency (See Table 6). Section 7 also consumptive uses (e.g., hiking, camping, including answers to questions such as requires Federal agencies to ensure that birding, enhanced watershed protection, the following: (1) Are the requirements they do not jeopardize the continued increased soil retention, ‘‘existence in the proposed rule clearly stated? (2) existence of the species. Because of their values,’’ and reductions in Does the proposed rule contain limited number of individuals and administrative costs). technical language or jargon that populations, and limited range, we

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TABLE 6.ÐIMPACTS OF CRITICAL HABITAT DESIGNATION FOR 32 PLANTS FROM MOLOKAI

Additional activities potentially Categories of activities Activities potentially affected by species listing only affected by critical habitat designation 1

Federal Activities Potentially Af- Activities conducted by the Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Activities by these Federal Agen- fected 2 Transportation, Department of Defense, Department of Agriculture, cies in any unoccupied critical Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Emergency Manage- hatitat areas. ment Agency, Federal Aviation Administration.. Private or other non-Federal Activi- Activities that require a Federal action (permit, authorization, or fund- Funding, authorization, or permit- ties Potentially Affected 3 ing) and may remove or destroy habitat for these plants by me- ting actions by Federal Agencies chanical, chemical, or other means (e.g., overgrazing, clearing, cut- in any unoccupied critical habitat ting native live trees and shrubs, water diversion, impoundment, areas. groundwater pumping, road building, mining, herbicide application, recreational use, etc.) or appreciably habitat value or quality through indirect effects (e.g., edge effects, invasion of exotic plants or animals, fragmentation of habitat).. 1 This column represents activities potentially affected by the critical habitat designation in addition to those activities potentially affected by list- ing the species. 2 Activities initiated by a Federal agency. 3 Activities initiated by a private or other non-Federal entity that may need Federal authorization or funding.

(d) This rule will not raise novel legal Federal agencies such as Housing and (11) Construction activities by the or policy issues. The proposed rule Urban Development; U.S. Department of Interior (National follows the requirements for (3) Federally funded silviculture/ Park Service); determining critical habitat contained in forestry projects and research by the (12) Activities not mentioned above the Endangered Species Act. U.S. Department of Agriculture (Natural funded or authorized by the U.S. Resource Conservation Service and Department of Agriculture (Forest 2. Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. Forest Service); Service, Natural Resources Conservation 601 et seq.) (4) Regulation of airport improvement Service), Department of Defense, In the economic analysis, we will activities by the Federal Aviation Department of Transportation, determine whether designation of Administration jurisdiction; Department of Energy, Department of critical habitat will have a significant (5) Road construction and Interior (U.S. Geological Survey, effect on a substantial number of small maintenance by, or funded by, the U.S. National Park Service), Department of entities. As discussed under Regulatory Department of Transportation; Commerce (National Oceanic and Planning and Review above, this rule is (6) Federally funded importation of Atmospheric Administration) or any not expected to result in any restrictions alien species for research, agriculture, other Federal agency. in addition to those currently in and aquaculture, and the release or Many of these activities authorized or existence. As indicated on Table 5 (see authorization of release of biological funded by Federal agencies within the ‘‘Methods for Selection of Areas for control agents by the U.S. Department of proposed critical habitat areas are Proposed Critical Habitat Designations’’) Agriculture; carried out by small entities (as defined we have designated property owned by (7) Regulation of activities affecting by the Regulatory Flexibility Act) Federal and State governments, and point source pollution discharges into through contract, grant, permit, or other private property. waters of the United States by the Federal authorization. As discussed in Within these areas, the types of Environmental Protection Agency under section 1 above, these actions are Federal actions or authorized activities section 402 of the Clean Water Act.; currently required to comply with the that we have identified as potential (8) Hazard mitigation and post- protections of the Act that are triggered concerns are: disaster repairs funded by the Federal by listing, such as avoiding jeopardy to (1) Regulation of activities affecting Emergency Management Agency; these species, and the designation of waters of the United States by the Army (9) Installation and maintenance of critical habitat is not anticipated to have Corps of Engineers under section 404 of U.S. Coast Guard navigational aids; any additional effects on these the Clean Water Act; (10) Construction of communication activities. (2) Development on private or State sites licensed by the Federal For actions on non-Federal property lands requiring permits from other Communications Commission; and that do not have a Federal connection

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(such as funding or authorization), the opportunity to utilize their property in 10. Government-to-Government current State restrictions concerning ways consistent with State law and with Relationship With Tribes take of listed threatened or endangered the continued survival of the plant In accordance with the President’s plant species remain in effect, and this species. memorandum of April 29, 1994, rule would impose no additional 6. Federalism ‘‘Government-to-Government Relations restrictions. with Native American Tribal 3. Small Business Regulatory In accordance with Executive Order Governments’’ (59 FR 22951) and 512 Enforcement Fairness Act (5 U.S.C. 13132, the rule does not have significant DM 2, we understand that Federally 804(2)) Federalism effects. A Federalism recognized Tribes must be related to on assessment is not required. As discussed a Government-to-Government basis. The In the economic analysis, we will above, the designation of critical habitat determine whether designation of 1997 Secretarial Order on Native in areas currently occupied by the 32 Americans and the Act clearly states critical habitat will cause (a) any effect plant species would have little on the economy of $100 million or that Tribal lands should not be incremental impact on State and local designated unless absolutely necessary more, (b) any increases in costs or prices governments and their activities. The for consumers, individual industries, for the conservation of the species. designations may have some benefit to According to the Secretarial Order, Federal, State, or local government these governments in that the areas agencies, or geographic regions in the ‘‘Critical habitat shall not be designated essential to the conservation of these in an area that may impact Tribal trust economic analysis, or (c) any significant species are more clearly defined, and adverse effects on competition, resources unless it is determined the primary constituent elements of the essential to conserve a listed species. In employment, investment, productivity, habitat necessary to the survival of the innovation, or the ability of U.S.-based designating critical habitat, the Services species are identified. While this shall evaluate and document the extent enterprises to compete with foreign- definition and identification does not based enterprises. to which the conservation needs of a alter where and what federally listed species can be achieved by 4. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 sponsored activities may occur, it may limiting the designation to other lands.’’ U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) assist these local governments in long We determined that no Tribal lands range planning rather than waiting for In accordance with the Unfunded are essential for any of the 18 case-by-case section 7 consultation to Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 et plantsspecies for which critical habitat occur. seq.): designation is proposed because none of (a) This rule will not ‘‘significantly or 7. Civil Justice Reform these plants are known to occur on uniquely’’ affect small governments. A Tribal lands. In accordance with Executive Order Small Government Agency Plan is not References Cited required. Small governments will only 12988, the Office of the Solicitor has be affected to the extent that any Federal determined that the rule does not A complete list of all references cited funds, permits or other authorized unduly burden the judicial system and in this proposed rule is available upon activities must ensure that their actions meets the requirements of sections 3(a) request from the Pacific Islands will not adversely affect the critical and 3(b)(2) of the Order. We designate Ecoregion Office (see ADDRESSES habitat. However, as discussed in critical habitat in accordance with the section). provisions of the Endangered Species section 1, these actions are currently Authors subject to equivalent restrictions Act. The rule uses standard property through the listing protections of the descriptions and identifies the primary The primary authors of this notice are species, and no further restrictions are constituent elements within the Christa Russell, Michelle Stephens, and anticipated. designated areas to assist the public in Marigold Zoll (see ADDRESSES section). (b) This rule will not produce a understanding the habitat needs of the List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 17 Federal mandate of $100 million or 32 plant species. Endangered and threatened species, greater in any year, that is, it is not a 8. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 Exports, Imports, Reporting and ‘‘significant regulatory action’’ under U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) recordkeeping requirements, the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act. Transportation. The designation of critical habitat This rule does not contain any imposes no obligations on State or local information collection requirements for Proposed Regulation Promulgation governments. which OMB approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act is required. Accordingly, we propose to amend 5. Takings part 17, subchapter B of chapter I, title 9. National Environmental Policy Act In accordance with Executive Order 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations as 12630, this rule does not have We have determined that an set forth below: significant takings implications. A Environmental Assessment and/or an PART 17Ð[AMENDED] takings implication assessment is not Environmental Impact Statement as required. As discussed above, the defined by the National Environmental 1. The authority citation for part 17 designation of critical habitat affects Policy Act of 1969 need not be prepared continues to read as follows: only Federal agency actions. The rule in connection with regulations adopted Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1361–1407; 16 U.S.C. will not increase or decrease the current pursuant to section 4(a) of the Act, as 1531–1544; 16 U.S.C. 4201–4245; Pub. L. 99– restrictions on private property amended. A notice outlining our reason 625, 100 Stat. 3500; unless otherwise noted. concerning take of the 32 plant species. for this determination was published in 2. In § 17.12(h) revise the entries for We do not anticipate that property the Federal Register on October 25, Alectryon macrococcus, Bidens wiebkei, values will be affected by the critical 1983 (48 FR 49244). This proposed rule Brighamia rockii, Canavalia habitat designations. Landowners in does not constitute a major Federal molokaiensis, Centarium sebaeoides, areas that are included in the designated action significantly affecting the quality Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes, critical habitat will continue to have of the human environment. Cyanea dunbarii, Cyanea grimesiana

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Species Historic range Family Status When listed Critical Special Scientific name Common name habitat rules

FLOWERING PLANTS

******* Alectryon Mahoe ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Sapindaceae- E 467 17.96(a) NA macroccoccus. Soapberry.

******* Bidens wiebkei ...... Kookoolau ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Asteraceae-Sun- E 480 17.96(a) NA flower.

******* Brighamia rockii ...... Olulu ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Campanulaceae- E 530 17.96(a) NA Bell flower.

******* Canavalia Awikiwiki ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Fabaceae-Legume E 480 17.96(a) NA molokaiensis.

******* Centaurium Awiwi ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Gentianaceae-Gen- E 448 17.96(a) NA sebaeoides. tian.

******* Clermontia Oha wai ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Campanulaceae- E 480 17.96(a) NA oblongifolia ssp. Bell flower. brevipes.

******* Cyanea dunbarii ...... Haha ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Campanulaceae- E 594 17.96(a) NA Bell flower.

******* Cyanea grimesiana Haha ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Campanulaceae- E 592 17.96(a) NA ssp. grimesiana. Bell flower.

******* Cyanea mannii ...... Haha ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Campanulaceae- E 480 17.96(a) NA Bell flower.

******* Cyanea procera ...... Haha ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Campanulaceae- E 480 17.96(a) NA Bell flower.

******* Hesperomannia None ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Asteraceae-Sun- E 536 17.96(a) NA arborescens. flower.

******* Hibiscus arnottianus Kokio keokeo ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Malvaceae-Mallow .. E 480 17.96(a) NA ssp. immaculatus.

******* Ischaemum bryone .. Hilo ischaemum ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Poaceae-Grass ...... E 532 17.96(a) NA

******* Labordia triflora ...... Kamakahala ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Loganiaceae-Logan E 666 17.96(a) NA

******* Mariscus fauriei ...... None ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Cyperaceae-Sedge E 532 17.96(a) NA

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Species Historic range Family Status When listed Critical Special Scientific name Common name habitat rules

******* Melicope (=Pelea) Alani ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Rutaceae-Rue ...... E 467 17.96(a) NA mucronulata.

******* Melicope reflexa ...... Alani ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Rutaceae-Rue ...... E 480 17.96(a) NA

******* Neraudia sericea ..... None ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Urticaceae-Nettle .... E 559 17.96(a) NA

******* Peucedanum Makou ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Apiaceae-Parsley ... T 530 17.96(a) NA sandwicense.

******* Schiedea lydgatei .... None ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Caryophyllaceae- E 480 17.96(a) NA Pink.

******* Schiedea None ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Caryophyllaceae- E 594 17.96(a) NA sarmentosa. Pink.

******* Sesbania tomentosa Ohai ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Fabaceae-Legume E 559 17.96(a) NA

******* Silene alexandri ...... None ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Caryophyllaceae- E 480 17.96(a) NA Pink.

******* Silene lanceolata ..... None ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Caryophyllaceae- E 480 17.96(a) NA Pink.

******* Spermolepis None ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Apiaceae-Parsley ... E 559 17.96(a) NA hawaiiensis.

******* Stenogyne bifida ...... None ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Lamiaceae-Mint ...... E 480 17.96(a) NA

******* Tetramolopium rockii None ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Asteraceae-Sun- T 480 17.96(a) NA flower.

******* Vigna o-wahuensis .. None ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Fabaceae-Legume E 559 17.96(a) NA

******* Zanthoxylum Ae ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Rutaceae-Rue ...... E 532 17.96(a) NA hawaiiense.

******* FERNS AND ALLIES

******* Ctenitis squamigera Pauoa ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Aspleniaceae- E 553 17.96(a) NA Spleenwort.

******* Diellia erecta ...... Asplenium leaved U.S.A. (HI) ...... Aspleniaceae- E 559 17.96(a) NA diellia. Spleenwort.

******* Marsilea villosa ...... Ihiihi ...... U.S.A. (HI) ...... Marsileaceae- E 474 17.96(a) NA Marselia.

*******

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3. In § 17.96, as proposed to be critical habitat units designated for each are not included in the critical habitat amended at 65 FR 66865, November 7, of the Hawaiian islands. Existing designation. 2000, add introductory text to paragraph features and structures within proposed * * * * * (a)(1)(i), add paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F), and areas, such as buildings, roads, (F) Molokai. Critical habitat areas are revise paragraphs (a)(1)(ii)(A) and aquaducts, telecommunication described below. Coordinates are in (a)(1)(ii)(B) to read as follows: equipment, arboreta and gardens, heiaus UTM Zone 4 with units in meters using (indigenous place of worship, shrine) North American Datum of 1983 § 17.96 Critical habitatÐplants. and other man-made features do not (NAD83). The following map shows the (a) * * * contain, and are not likely to develop, general locations of the 28 critical (1) * * * the constituent elements described for habitat units designated on the island of (i) Maps and critical habitat unit each species in paragraphs (a)(1)(ii)(A) Molokai. descriptions. The following sections and (a)(1)(ii)(B) of this section. contain the legal descriptions of the Therefore, these features or structures Note: Map follows:

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Critical Habitat Molokai Unit A (73 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit B (49 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit C (254 ha; 180 ac) 121 ac) 628 ac) Unit consists of the following nine Unit consists of the following seven Unit consists of the following seven points and the intermediate coastline: points and the intermediate coastline: points and the intermediate coastline: 676640, 2336512; 676640, 2336514; 676904, 2336494; 677235, 2336150; 681491, 2347819; 681525, 2347655; 686185, 2347195; 686152, 2346870; 677203, 2335634; 676861, 2335347; 681398, 2347338; 681107, 2347147; 685737, 2346591; 684786, 2346346; 676443, 2335339; 676250, 2335477; 680780, 2347124; 680587, 2347237; 683426, 2346387; 683093, 2346978; 676251, 2335477. 680587, 2347242. 683235, 2347250. Note: Map follows: Note: Map follows: Note: Map follows:

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Critical Habitat Molokai Unit D (308 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit E (72 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit F (77 ha; 761 ac) 178 ac) 190 ac) Unit consists of the following seven Unit consists of the following eight Unit consists of the following twelve points and the intermediate coastline: points and the intermediate coastline: boundary points: 716712, 2337581. 694720, 2345197; 694782, 2344764; 696491, 2344923; 696492, 2344923; 716580, 2337654; 716662, 2338123; 717072, 2338381; 717424, 2338357; 694149, 2344287; 693299, 2344108; 696513, 2344602; 696230, 2344266; 717740, 2338123; 717849, 2337728; 691629, 2344413; 691383, 2344965; 695857, 2344202; 695415, 2344391; 716851, 2337552; 716804, 2337550; 691494, 2345158. 695282, 2344860; 695376, 2345085. 716798, 2337555; 716769, 2337574; Note: Map follows: Note: Map follows: 716713, 2337581. Note: Map follows:

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Critical Habitat Molokai Unit G (649 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit H (939 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit I (204 ha; 1,604 ac) 2,320 ac) 504 ac) Unit consists of the following eleven Unit consists of the following fifteen Unit consists of the following seven boundary points: 718149, 2335058; boundary points: 715073, 2335632; boundary points: 713530, 2336433; 718210, 2335097; 718915, 2333601; 714272, 2334677; 713628, 2334820; 712780, 2336945; 712864, 2337613; 710107, 2333328; 709463, 2333507; 718541, 2332609; 716606, 2332055; 713640, 2338102; 714224, 2338019; 709260, 2334271; 709630, 2335202; 716139, 2332523; 716247, 2334342; 714651, 2337113; 714627, 2337098. 711539, 2335906; 711325, 2336985; 716654, 2335225; 717898, 2334905; 712291, 2337541; 712769, 2336467; Note: Map follows: 717955, 2334888; 717969, 2334907. 713291, 2336291; 713217, 2336246; Note: Map follows: 713076, 2336161; 713071, 2336154. Note: Map follows:

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Critical Habitat Molokai Unit J (714 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit K (127 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit L (137 ha; 1,764 ac) 314 ac) 339 ac) Unit consists of the following fifteen Unit consists of the following seven Unit consists of the following eight boundary points: 711289, 2341384; boundary points: 710982, 2333123; boundary points: 714885, 2332152; 712255, 2340095; 713126, 2340227; 713640, 2339630; 713258, 2338914; 711568, 2332839; 711717, 2332325; 715357, 2331885; 715429, 2331230; 712625, 2338926; 712088, 2339332; 711434, 2331869; 710900, 2331777; 715183, 2330831; 714703, 2330746; 711301, 2339045; 712112, 2338687; 710472, 2332099; 710381, 2332686. 714265, 2330992; 714167, 2331587; 714367, 2332021. 712148, 2337708; 711217, 2337577; Note: Map follows: 710059, 2338794; 710024, 2339570; Note: Map follows: 710489, 2340286; 710382, 2340847. Note: Map follows:

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Critical Habitat Molokai Unit M (122 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit N (300 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit O (44 ha; 301 ac) 741 ac) 109 ac) Unit consists of the following seven Unit consists of the following fifteen Unit consists of the following boundary points: 716748, 2331446; boundary points: 722270, 2333916; seventeen boundary points: 719860, 717191, 2331185; 717253, 2330676; 722443, 2333591; 722371, 2333139; 2335968; 719493, 2335459; 718713, 2335538; 719597, 2336291; 719603, 716951, 2330171; 716313, 2330233; 722016, 2332844; 721535, 2332903; 2336276; 719620, 2336255; 719626, 715973, 2330692; 716191, 2331324. 720951, 2333534; 720468, 2333549; 2336226; 719623, 2336191; 719631, 720075, 2333794; 719953, 2334346; Note: Map follows: 2336157; 719639, 2336135; 719657, 720198, 2334756; 720518, 2334933; 2336101; 719672, 2336081; 719694, 721004, 2334828; 721295, 2334481; 2336066; 719735, 2336045; 719755, 721807, 2334411; 722031, 2334064. 2336030; 719781, 2336002; 719794, Note: Map follows: 2335992. Note: Map follows:

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Critical Habitat Molokai Unit P (118 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit Q (285 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit R (122 ha; 291 ac) 704 ac) 301 ac) Unit consists of the following eight Unit consists of the following eight Unit consists of the following eight boundary points: 723887, 2334107; boundary points: 726254, 2335771; boundary points: 732455, 2341104; 724418, 2333859; 724467, 2333254; 727798, 2336579; 728318, 2336555; 732704, 2340714; 732545, 2340158; 724204, 2332957; 723802, 2332837; 728597, 2336013; 728426, 2335538; 731888, 2339994; 731435, 2340323; 723440, 2332990; 723160, 2333488; 726780, 2334697; 726306, 2334816; 731441, 2340821; 731645, 2341140; 723454, 2333941. 726089, 2335373. 732093, 2341287. Note: Map follows: Note: Map follows: Note: Map follows:

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Critical Habitat Molokai Unit S (199 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit T (125 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit U (194 ha; 492 ac) 309 ac) 479 ac) Unit consists of the following nine Unit consists of the following eight Unit consists of the following nine points and the intermediate coastline: points and the intermediate coastline: boundary points: 725621, 2341045; 734741, 2342919; 734879, 2342711; 734820, 2342320; 734020, 2341450; 728702, 2342486; 728109, 2341927; 726046, 2340710; 726486, 2339828; 733685, 2341380; 733205, 2341646; 727848, 2341860; 727550, 2341914; 726437, 2339432; 726103, 2339195; 733120, 2342247; 733902, 2343068; 727329, 2342114; 727236, 2342328; 725666, 2339128; 725392, 2339392; 733923, 2343082. 727235, 2342611; 727358, 2342827. 724991, 2340179; 724976, 2340681. Note: Map follows: Note: Map follows: Note: Map follows:

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Critical Habitat Molokai Unit V (283 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit W (1 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit X (424 ha; 699 ac) 2 ac) 1,048 ac) Unit consists of the following eight Unit consists of the entire island, Unit consists of the following eight points and the intermediate coastline: located at 715835, 2342456. points and the intermediate coastline: 726312, 2342554; 726525, 2342355; 714892, 2342337; 714895, 2342336; 726532, 2341699; 724187, 2340913; Note: Map follows: 714921, 2341907; 714427, 2341515; 723553, 2341022; 723113, 2341371; 712984, 2342002; 712223, 2343400; 723183, 2341795; 723236, 2341873. 711532, 2345604; 712012, 2345954. Note: Map follows: Note: Map follows:

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Critical Habitat Molokai Unit Y (115 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit Z (111 ha; Critical Habitat Molokai Unit Aa (114 284 ac) 274 ac) ha; 281 ac) Unit consists of the following ten Unit consists of the following six Unit consists of the following six points and the intermediate coastline: boundary points: 689443, 2345663; points and the intermediate coastline: 708130, 2343363; 708406, 2343292; 708634, 2342975; 708627, 2342526; 689444, 2345664; 689460, 2345662; 711994, 2346034; 711678, 2345884; 708224, 2342169; 707709, 2342227; 689479, 2345646; 689461, 2345661; 710942, 2346030; 710630, 2346428; 707456, 2342514; 707423, 2342848; 689448, 2345663. 710562, 2346895; 710826, 2347185. 707514, 2343152; 707727, 2343294. Note: Map follows: Note: Map follows: Note: Map follows:

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Critical Habitat Molokai Unit Bb (4 ha; 10 ac) Unit consists of the entire island, located 715510, 2343836. Note: Map follows:

TABLE (a)(1)(i)(F)ÐPROTECTED SPECIES WITHIN EACH CRITICAL HABITAT UNIT FOR MOLOKAI

Unit name Species

Molokai A ...... Marsilea villosa Molokai B ...... Marsilea villosa Molokai C ...... Centaurium sebaeoides; Marsilea villosa Molokai D ...... Sesbania tomentosa; Tetramolopium rockii Molokai E ...... Sesbania tomentosa Molokai F ...... Cyanea procera Molokai G ...... Alectryon macrococcus; Bidens wiebkei; Cyanea mannii; Diellia erecta; Neraudia sericea; Schiedea lydgatei; Schiedea sarmentosa; Sesbania tomentosa; Silene lanceolata; Silene alexandri; Spermolepis hawaiiensis; Vigna o-wahuensis; Zanthoxylum hawaiiensis Molokai H ...... Alectryon macrococcus; Mariscus fauriei; Melicope mucronulata; Schidea lydgatei; Schiedea sarmentosa; Sesbania tomentosa Molokai I ...... Alectryon macrococcus; Canavalia molokaiensis Molokai J ...... Canavalia molokaiensis; Cyanea dunbarii; Cyanea mannii Molokai K ...... Sesbania tomentosa Molokai L ...... Sesbania tomentosa Molokai M ...... Sesbania tomentosa Molokai N ...... Ctenitis squamigera, Cyanea mannii, and Labordia triflora Molokai O ...... Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes Molokai P ...... Stenogyne bifida Molokai Q ...... Melicope reflexa Molokai R ...... Diellia erecta Molokai S ...... Bidens wiebkei Molokai T ...... Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus; Ischaemum byrone Molokai U ...... Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana; Melicope reflexa

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TABLE (a)(1)(i)(F)ÐPROTECTED SPECIES WITHIN EACH CRITICAL HABITAT UNIT FOR MOLOKAIÐContinued

Unit name Species

Molokai V ...... Brighamia rockii; Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana; Hesperomannia arborescens; Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus; Ischaemum byrone; Peucedanum sandwicense Molokai W ...... Brighamia rockii; Peucedanum sandwicense Molokai X ...... Canavalia molokaiensis; Tetramolopium rockii Molokai Y ...... Peucedanum sandwicense Molokai Z ...... Tetramolopium rockii Molokai Aa ...... Centaurium sebaeoides Molokai Bb ...... Peucedanum sandwicensis

(ii) Hawaiian plants—Constituent parviflorus, Dianella sandwicensis, or haeleeleana, Charpentiera elements. Metrosideros polymorpha; and (2) from elliptica, Pipturus sp., Neraudia (A) Flowering plants. sea level to above 900 m (3,000 ft). kauaiensis, Hedyotis terminalis, Family Apiaceae: Peucedanum Family Apiaceae: Spermolepis Pritchardia sp., Gardenia remyi, sandwicense (makou) hawaiiensis (no common name) Syzygium sp., Pleomele sp., Cyanea sp., Hibiscus sp., Kokia kauaiensis, i. Kauai F, G, I, and M, identified in i. Kauai B and I, identified in the legal Alectryon macrococcus, Canthium the legal descriptions in paragraph descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of odoratum, Nestegis sandwicensis, Bobea (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute this section, constitute critical habitat timonioides, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, critical habitat for Peucedanum for Spermolepis hawaiiensis on Kauai. Nesoluma polynesicum, Myrsine sandwicense on Kauai. Within these Within these units, the currently known lanaiensis, Caesalpinia kauaiensis, units, the currently known primary primary constituent elements of critical Tetraplasandra sp., Acacia koa, constituent elements of critical habitat habitat are habitat components that are habitat components that provide: (1) provide: (1) Metrosideros polymorpha Styphelia tameiameiae, Dodonaea Cliff habitats (a) in mixed shrub coastal forests or Dodonaea viscosa lowland dry viscosa, Gahnia sp., Freycinetia arborea, dry cliff communities or diverse mesic shrubland containing one or more of the Psychotria mariniana, Diplazium forest and (b) containing one or more of following associated plant species: sandwichianum, Zanthoxylum the following associated native plant Eragrostis variabilis, Bidens dipetalum, Carex sp., Delissea sp., species: Hibiscus kokio, Brighamia sandvicensis, Schiedea spergulina, Xylosma hawaiiense, Alphitonia insignis, Bidens sp., Artemisia sp., Lipochaeta sp., Cenchrus ponderosa, Santalum freycinetianum, Lobelia niihauensis, Wilkesia agrimonioides, Sida fallax, Doryopteris Antidesma sp., Diospyros sp., gymnoxiphium, Canthium odoratum, sp., or Gouania hillebrandii; and (2) Metrosideros polymorpha, Dianella Dodonaea viscosa, Psychotria sp., elevations of about 305 to 610 m (1,000 sandwicensis, Poa sandwicensis, Acacia koa, Kokio kauaiensis, Carex to 2,000 ft). Schiedea stellarioides, Peperomia meyenii, Panicum lineale, Chamaesyce ii. Molokai unit G, identified in the macraeana, Claoxylon sandwicense, or celastroides, Eragrostis sp., Diospyros legal description in paragraph Pouteria sandwicensis; and (2) sp., or Metrosideros polymorpha; and (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitutes elevations between 250 to 610 m (820 to (2) elevations from sea level to above critical habitat for Spermolepis 2,000 ft). 915 m (3,000 ft). hawaiiensis on Molokai. Within this ii. Molokai units V, W, Y and Bb, unit the currently known primary Family Araliaceae: Munroidendron identified in the legal descriptions in constituent elements of critical habitat racemosum (no common name) paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section for Spermolepis hawaiiensis are the Kauai G, I, M, and N, identified in the constitute critical habitat for habitat components that provide: (1) legal descriptions in paragraph Peucedanum sandwicense on Molokai. shady spots in Dodonea viscosa lowland (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute Within this unit the currently known dry shrubland and containing one or critical habitat for Munroidendron primary constituent elements of critical more of the following associated native habitat for Peucedanum sandwicense species: Eragrostis variabilis, Lipochaeta racemosum on Kauai. Within these are the habitat components that provide: lavarum, Sida fallax, Myoporum units the currently known primary (1) Cliff habitats with brown soil and sandwicensis, Santalum elipticum, and constituent elements of critical habitat talus—(a) in Chamaesyce celastroides Heteropogon contortus; and (2) an are habitat components that provide: (1) var. amplectans—Chenopodium elevation of 219 m (720 ft). Steep exposed cliffs or ridge slopes (a) oahuense coastal dry shrubland or in coastal or lowland mesic forest and Diospyros sandwicensis forest and (b) Family Apocynaceae: Pteralyxia (b) containing one or more of the containing one or more of the following kauaiensis (kaulu) following associated plant taxa: Pisonia associated native species: Eragrostis sp., Kauai F, G, I, M, Q, T, and U, umbellifera, Canavalia galeata, Sida Santalum ellipticum, Pritchardia identified in the legal descriptions in fallax, Brighamia insignis, Canthium hillebrandii, Reynoldsia sandwicensis, paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, odoratum, Psychotria sp., Nestegis Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Scaevola constitute critical habitat for Pteralyxia sandwicensis, Tetraplasandra sp., sericea, Senna gaudichaudii, kauaiensis on Kauai. Within these units, Bobea timonioides, Rauvolfia Pittosporum halophilum, Sida fallax, the currently known primary sandwicensis, Pleomele sp., Pouteria Plumbago zeylanica, Artemisia constituent elements of critical habitat sandwicensis, or Diospyros sp.; and (2) australis, Portulaca lutea, Lepidium are habitat components that provide: (1) elevations between 120 to 400 m (395 to bidentatum var. o-waihiense, Schiedea Diverse mesic or wet forests containing 1,310 ft). globosa, Lipochaeta integrifolia, one or more of the following associated Peperomia remyi, Plechranthus plant taxa: Pisonia sandwicensis,

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Family Asteraceae: Bidens wiebkei Family Asteraceae: Hesperomannia critical habitat are habitat components (kookoolau) arborescens (No common name) that provide: (1) Moderate shade to full Molokai unit V, identified in the legal sun on the sides of steep gulches (a) in Molokai units G and S, identified in diverse lowland mesic forests and (b) the legal descriptions in paragraph description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitute critical habitat for containing one or more of the following (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitute native species: Diospyros sp., Myrsine Hesperomannia arborescens on critical habitat for Bidens wiebkei on lanaiensis, Euphorbia haeleeleana, Molokai. Within this unit the currently Molokai. Within these units the Acacia koa, Pleomele aurea, Sapindus known primary constituent elements of currently known primary constituent oahuensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, critical habitat for Hesperomannia elements of critical habitat for Bidens Dodonaea viscosa, Psychotria arborescens are the habitat components wiebkei are the habitat components that mariniana, Psychotria greenwelliae, that provide: (1) Slopes or ridges—(a) in provide: (1) Steep, exposed slopes—(a) Kokia kauaiensis, or Hibiscus waimeae; wet Metrosideros polymorpha— in Metrosideros polymorpha dominated and (2) elevations between 480 and 900 Dicranopteris linearis lowland forest or mesic shrublands or dry or mesic m (1,575 and 2,950 ft). mesic Diospyros sandwicensis— Metrosideros polymorpha—Styphelia Metrosideros polymorpha lowland Family Asteraceae: Lipochaeta tameiameiae lowland shrubland and (b) forest transition zones and (b) micrantha (nehe) containing one or more of the following containing one or more of the following associated native plant species: i. Kauai I and M, identified in the associated native plant species: legal descriptions in paragraph Antidesma sp., Dodonea viscosa, Broussaisia arguta, Freycinetia arborea, Canthium odoratum, Lysimachia sp., (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute Antidesma sp., Cibotium glaucum, critical habitat for Lipochaeta micrantha Nestegis sandwicensis, Phyllanthus Psychotria mauiensis, Elaphoglossum on Kauai. Within these units the sandwicensis, Pisonia sp., or Scaevola sp., Coprosma sp., Hedyotis sp., currently known primary constituent gaudichaudii; and (2) elevations Cheirodendron sp., Smilax elements of critical habitat for between 250 and 1,050 m (820 and melastomifolia, Clermontia pallida, Lipochaeta micrantha var. exigua are 3,450 ft). Thelypteris sp., Diplopterygium habitat components that provide: (1) Family Asteraceae: Dubautia latifolia pinnatum, Ilex anomala, Myrsine sp., Cliffs, ridges, or slopes (a) in grassy, (na‘ena‘e) Urera glabra, Cyrtandra sp., Pipturus shrubby or dry mixed communities and sp., Boehmeria grandis, Nestegis (b) containing one or more of the Kauai G and I, identified in the legal sandwicensis, Nephrolepis exaltata, or following associated native plant descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of Wikstroemia sp.; and (2) elevations species: Artemisia australis, Bidens this section, constitute critical habitat between 360 and 750 m (1,200 and sandvicensis, Plectranthus parviflorus, for Dubautia latifolia on Kauai. Within 2,500 ft). Chamaesyce celastroides, Diospyros sp., these units, the currently known Family Asteraceae: Hesperomannia Canthium odoratum, Neraudia sp., primary constituent elements of critical lydgatei (no common name) Pipturus sp., Hibiscus kokio, Sida habitat are habitat components that fallax, Eragrostis sp., or Lepidium provide: (1) Gentle or steep slopes on Kauai F, L, and P, identified in the bidentatum; and (2) elevations between well drained soil in (a) semi-open or legal descriptions in paragraph 305–430 m (1,000–1,400 ft). closed, diverse montane mesic forest (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute ii. Within these units, the currently dominated by Acacia koa and/or critical habitat for Hesperomannia known primary constituent elements of Metrosideros polymorpha and (b) lydgatei on Kauai. Within these units, critical habitat for Lipochaeta micrantha containing one or more of the following the currently known primary var. micrantha are habitat components native plant species: Pouteria constituent elements of critical habitat that provide: (1) Basalt cliffs, stream sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, are habitat components that provide: (1) banks, or level ground (a) in mesic or Nestegis sandwicensis, Diplazium Stream banks with rich brown soil and diverse Metrosideros polymorpha- sandwichianum, Elaeocarpus bifidus, silty clay (a) in Metrosideros Diospyros sp. forest and (b) containing Claoxylon sandwicense, Bobea sp., polymorpha or Metrosideros one or more of the following associated Pleomele sp., Antidesma sp., Cyrtandra polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis native plant species: Lobelia sp., Xylosma sp., Alphitonia ponderosa, lowland wet forest and (b) containing niihauensis, Chamaesyce celastroides one or more of the following associated Coprosma waimeae, Dicranopteris var. hanapepensis, Neraudia native plant species: Adenophorus sp., linearis, Hedyotis terminalis, Ilex kauaiensis, Rumex sp., Nontrichium sp. Antidesma sp., Broussaisia arguta, anomala, Melicope anisata, Psychotria (kului), Artemisia sp., Dodonaea Cheirodendron sp., Elaphoglossum sp., mariniana, or Scaevola sp.; and (2) viscosa, Antidesma sp., Hibiscus sp., Freycinetia arborea, Hedyotis elevations between 800 to 1,220 m Xylosma sp., Pleomele sp., Melicope sp., terminalis, Labordia lydgatei, (2,625 to 4,000 ft). Bobea sp., and Acacia koa; and (2) Machaerina angustifolia, Peperomia sp., elevations between 610–720 m (2,000– Family Asteraceae: Dubautia Pritchardia sp., Psychotria hexandra, 2,360 ft). pauciflorula (na‘ena‘e) and Syzygium sandwicensis; and (2) elevations between 410–915 m (1,345– Family Asteraceae: Lipochaeta Kauai L, identified in the legal 3,000 ft). waimeaensis (nehe) description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of Kauai B, identified in the legal this section, constitutes critical habitat Family Asteraceae: Lipochaeta fauriei description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of for Dubautia pauciflorula on Kauai. (nehe) this section, constitutes critical habitat Within this unit, the currently known Kauai G, I, and U, identified in the for Lipochaeta waimeaensis on Kauai. primary constituent elements of critical legal descriptions in paragraph Within this unit, the currently known habitat are habitat components that (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute primary constituent elements of critical provide: (1) Lowland wet forest within critical habitat for Lipochaeta fauriei on habitat are habitat components that stream drainages; and (2) elevations Kauai. Within these units, the currently provide: (1) Precipitous, shrub-covered between 670–700 m (2,200–2,300 ft). known primary constituent elements of gulch (a) in diverse lowland forest and

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(b) containing the native species calcareous sand dunes or ash-covered (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitute Dodonaea viscosa or Lipochaeta basalt—(a) in the coastal spray zone or critical habitat for Brighamia rockii on connata; and (2) elevations between 350 coastal dry shrublands and grasslands Molokai. Within this unit the currently and 400 m (1,150 and 1,310 ft). and (b) containing one or more of the known primary constituent elements of following associated native species: critical habitat for Brighamia rockii are Family Asteraceae: Remya kauaiensis Canthium odoratum, Diospyros the habitat components that provide: (1) (no common name) sandwicensis, Metrosideros Rock crevices on steep basalt sea cliffs, Kauai G, I, and U, identified in the polymorpha, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, often within the spray zone—(a) in legal descriptions in paragraph Scaevola sp., Fimbristylis cymosa, coastal dry or mesic forest, Eragrostis (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute Heliotropium anomalum, Lipochaeta variabilis mixed coastal cliff critical habitat for Remya kauaiensis on integrifolia, Sida fallax, and Sporobolus communities, or shrubland, or Kauai. Within these units, the currently virginicus; and (2) between 10 and 200 Pritchardia sp. coastal mesic forest and known primary constituent elements of m (30 and 650 ft) in elevation. (b) containing one or more of the critical habitat are habitat components following associated native plant Family Asteraceae: Wilkesia hobdyi that provide: (1) Steep, north or species: Pritchardia hillebrandii, (dwarf iliau) northeast facing slopes (a) in Acacia Chamaesyce celastroides var. koa-Metrosideros polymorpha lowland Kauai G and J, identified in the legal amplectans, Wikstoremia uva-ursi, mesic forest and (b) containing one or descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of Carex wahuensis ssp. wahuensis, more of the following associated native this section, constitute critical habitat Mariscus phleoides ssp. pleoides, plant species: Chamaesyce sp., Nestegis for Wilkesia hobdyi on Kauai. Within Eragrstis variabilis, Dianella sandwicensis, Diospyros sp., Hedyotis these units, the currently known sandwicensis, Cocculus trilobus, terminalis, Melicope ssp., Pouteria primary constituent elements of critical Phymatosorus scolopendria, Crytomium sandwicensis, Schiedea membranacea, habitat are habitat components that falcatum, Lepidium bidentatum var. o- Psychotria mariniana, Dodonaea provide: (1) Coastal dry cliffs or very dry waihiense, Pittosporum halophilum, viscosa, Dianella sandwicensis, ridges containing one or more of the Artemisia sp., Bidens sp., Schiedea Tetraplasandra kauaiensis, or following associated native plant globosa, Reynoldsia sandwicensis, Claoxylon sandwicensis; and (2) species: Artemisia sp., Wilkesia Pandanus tectorius, Peucedanum elevations between 850 to 1,250 m gymnoxiphium, Lipochaeta connata, sandwicensis, Hedyotis littoralis, (2,800 to 4,100 ft). Lobelia niihauensis, Peucedanum Metrosideros polymorpha, Psydrax sandwicensis, Hibiscus kokio ssp. saint Family Asteraceae: Remya montgomeryi odoratum, Diospyros sandwicensis, johnianus, Canthium odoratum, (no common name) Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Peperomia sp., Myoporum sandwicense, Tetramolopium cassia, Senna Kauai G and I, identified in the legal Sida fallax, Waltheria indica, Dodonaea gaudichaudii, or Scaevola sericea; and descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of viscosa, or Eragrostis variabilis; and (2) (2) elevations between sea level and 470 this section, constitute critical habitat elevations between 275 to 400 m (900 to m (0 and 1,540 ft). for Remya montgomeryi on Kauai. 1,310 ft). Within these units, the currently known Family Campanulaceae: Clermontia primary constituent elements of critical Family Campanulaceae: Brighamia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes (oha wai) habitat are habitat components that insignis (‘olulu) Molokai unit O, identified in the legal provide: (1) Steep, north or northeast- Kauai E, G, and M, identified in the description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F) of facing slopes, cliffs, or stream banks legal descriptions in paragraph this section constitute critical habitat for near waterfalls (a) in Metrosideros (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, and Niihau B, Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes on polymorpha mixed mesic forest and (b) identified in the legal descriptions in Molokai. Within this unit the currently containing one or more of the following paragraph (a)(1)(i)(B) of this section, known primary constituent elements of associated native plant species: constitute critical habitat for Brighamia critical habitat for Clermontia Lysimachia glutinosa, Lepidium serra, insignis on Kauai and Niihau. Within oblongifolia ssp. brevipes are the habitat Boehmeria grandis, Poa mannii, these units, the currently known components that provide: (1) Shallow Stenogyne campanulata, Myrsine primary constituent elements of critical soil on gulch slopes—(a) in wet linearifolia, Bobea timonioides, Ilex habitat are habitat components that Metrosideros polymorpha dominated anomala, Zanthoxylum dipetalum, provide: (1) Rocky ledges with little soil forests and (b) containing one or more Claoxylon sandwicensis, or steep sea cliffs (a) in lowland dry of the following associated native plant Tetraplasandra spp., Artemisia sp., grasslands or shrublands with annual species: Cheirodendron trigynum, Nototrichium sp., Cyrtandra sp., rainfall that is usually less than 170 cm Cibotium spp., Broussaisia argutus, Dubautia plantaginea, Sadleria sp., (65 in.) and (b) containing one or more Hedyotis terminalis, or Melicope sp.; Cheirodendron sp., Scaevola sp., or of the following native plant species: and (2) elevations between 1,100 and Pleomele sp.; and (2) elevations between Artemisia sp., Chamaesyce celastroides, 1,200 m (3,500 and 4,320 ft). 850 to 1,250 m (2,800 to 4,100 ft). Canthium odoratum, Eragrostis Family Campanulaceae: Cyanea variabilis, Heteropogon contortus, Family Asteraceae: Tetramolopium asarifolia (haha) Hibiscus kokio, Hibiscus rockii (No common name) saintjohnianus, Lepidium serra, Kauai R and T, identified in the legal Molokai units D, X and Z, identified Lipochaeta succulenta, Munroidendron descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of in the legal descriptions in paragraph racemosum, or Sida fallax; and (2) this section, constitute critical habitat (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitutes elevations between sea level to 480 m for Cyanea asarifolia on Kauai. Within critical habitat for Tetramolopium rockii (1,575 ft) elevation. these units, the currently known on Molokai. Within these units the primary constituent elements of critical currently known primary constituent Family Campanulaceae: Brighamia habitat are habitat components that elements of critical habitat for rockii (Pua ala) provide: (1) Pockets of soil on sheer rock Tetramolopium rockii are the habitat Molokai units V and W, identified in cliffs (a) in lowland wet forests and (b) components that provide: (1) Hardened the legal descriptions in paragraph containing one or more of the following

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Within dunbarii (haha) description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F) of these units, the currently known primary constituent elements of critical Molokai unit J, identified in the legal this section constitute critical habitat for habitat are habitat components that description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F) of Cyanea procera on Molokai. Within this provide: (1) Pristine, undisturbed sites this section constitute critical habitat for unit the currently known primary along shady stream banks or steep to Cyanea dunbarii on Molokai. Within constituent elements of critical habitat vertical slopes; and (2) elevations this unit the currently known primary for Cyanea procera are the habitat between 630 to 800 m (2,070 to 2,625 ft). constituent elements of critical habitat components that provide: (1) Walls of for Cyanea dunbarii are the habitat steep gulches—(a) in wet Metrosideros Family Campanulaceae: Delissea components that provide: (1) polymorpha dominated lowland mixed rhytidosperma (no common name) Streambanks on moderate to steep forest and (b) containing one or more of Kauai F, G, and M, identified in the slopes—(a) in mesic to wet the following associated native plant legal descriptions in paragraph Dicranopteris linearis-Metrosideros species: Asplenium sp., Brousaissia (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute polymorpha lowland forest and (b) arguta, Coprosma ochracea, Cyanea sp., critical habitat for Delissea containing one or more of the following Cyrtandra macrocalyx, Dicranopteris rhytidosperma on Kauai. Within these associated native plant species: linearis, Pipturus albidus, Pisonia sp., units, the currently known primary Diplazium sanwicianum, Charpentiera Scaevola procera, or Touchardia constituent elements of critical habitat obovata, Perrottetia sandwicensis, latifolia; and (2) elevations between 935 are habitat components that provide: (1) Pipturus albidus, Clermontia kakeana, and 1,073 m (3,180 and 3,650 ft). Well-drained soils with medium or fine- Cheirodendron trigynum, or Freycinetia textured subsoil (a) in diverse lowland arborea; and (2) elevation of 671 m Family Campanulaceae: Cyanea recta mesic forests or Acacia koa dominated (2,200 ft). (haha) lowland dry forests and (b) containing Family Campanulaceae: Cyanea Kauai K, O, P, and R, identified in the one or more of the following native grimesiana ssp. grimesiana (haha) legal descriptions in paragraph species: Euphorbia haeleeleana, (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute Psychotria hobdyi, Pisonia sp., Molokai units U and V, identified in Pteralyxia sp., Dodonaea viscosa, the legal descriptions in paragraph critical habitat for Cyanea recta on Kauai. Within these units, the currently Cyanea sp., Hedyotis sp., Dianella (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitute sandwicensis, Diospyros sandwicensis, known primary constituent elements of critical habitat for Cyanea grimesiana Styphelia tameiameiae, or Nestegis critical habitat are habitat components ssp. grimesiana on Molokai. Within sandwicensis; and (2) elevations that provide: (1) Gulches or slopes (a) in these units the currently known primary between 120 and 915 m (400 and 3,000 constituent elements of critical habitat lowland wet or mesic Metrosideros ft). for Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana polymorpha forest or shrubland and (b) are the habitat components that provide: containing one or more of the following Family Campanulaceae: Delissea (1) cliffs, or (2) mesic forest dominated native plant species: Dicranopteris rivularis (‘oha) by Metrosideros polymorpha or linearis, Psychotria sp., Antidesma sp., Kauai G, identified in the legal Metrosideros polymorpha and Acacia Cheirodendron platyphyllum, Cibotium description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of koa and containing one or more of the sp., or Diplazium sp.; and (2) elevations this section, constitutes critical habitat following associated native plant between 400 to 1,200 m (1,310 to 3,940 for Delissea rivularis on Kauai. Within species: Psychotria sp., Bobea sp., ft). this unit, the currently known primary Antidesma sp., Syzygium sndwicensis, constituent elements of critical habitat Xylosma sp., Cibotium sp., Doodia sp., Family Campanulaceae: Cyanea remyi are habitat components that provide: (1) Nephrolepis sp., Cyrtandra sp., (haha) Steep slopes near streams (a) in Dicranopteris linearis, or Freycinetia Kauai L, P, R, and T, identified in the Metrosideros polymorpha— arborea; and (2) elevations between 350 legal descriptions in paragraph Cheirodendron trigynum montane wet and 945 m (1,150 and 3,100 ft). (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute or mesic forest and (b) containing one or Family Campanulaceae: Cyanea mannii critical habitat for Cyanea remyi on more of the following native plant species: Broussaisia arguta, Carex sp., (haha) Kauai. Within these units, the currently Coprosma sp., Melicope clusiifolia, M. known primary constituent elements of Molokai units G, J, and N, identified anisata, Psychotria hexandra, Dubautia critical habitat are habitat components in the legal descriptions in paragraph knudsenii, Diplazium sandwichianum, (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitute that provide: (1) Lowland wet forest or Hedyotis foggiana, Ilex anomala, or critical habitat for Cyanea mannii on shrubland and containing one or more Sadleria sp.; and (2) elevations between Molokai. Within these units the of the following native plant species: 1,100 to 1,220 m (3,610 to 4,000 ft). currently known primary constituent Antidesma sp., Cheirodendron sp., elements of critical habitat for Cyanea Diospyros sp., Broussaisia arguta, Family Campanulaceae: Delissea mannii are the habitat components that Metrosideros polymorpha, Freycinetia undulata (no common name) provide: (1) Sides of deep gulches—(a) arborea, Hedyotis terminalis, Kauai G, identified in the legal in Metrosideros polymorpha dominated Machaerina angustifolia, Perrottetia description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of montane mesic forest and (b) containing sandwicensis, Psychotria hexandra, or this section, constitutes critical habitat one or more of the following associated Syzygium sandwicensis; and (2) for Delissea undulata on Kauai. Within native plant species: Wiskstroemia sp., elevations between 360 to 930 m (1,180 this unit, the currently known primary Dicranopteris linearis, or Vaccinium sp.; to 3,060 ft). constituent elements of critical habitat

VerDate 112000 18:18 Dec 28, 2000 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\29DEP2.SGM pfrm10 PsN: 29DEP2 83208 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules are habitat components that provide: (1) containing one or more of the following provide: (1) Steep slopes (a) in diverse Dry or mesic open Sophora native plant species: Alyxia mesic or wet forest and (b) containing chrysophylla-Metrosideros polymorpha olivaeformis, Bidens cosmoides, Bobea one or more of the following associated forests containing one or more of the sp., Carex sp., Coprosma sp., Dodonaea plant taxa: Psychotria mariniana, following native plant species: viscosa, Gahnia sp., Ilex anomala, Psychotria hexandra, Canthium Diospyros sandwicensis, Dodonaea Melicope sp., Pleomele sp., Psychotria odoratum, Pisonia sp., Microlepia viscosa, Psychotria mariniana, P. sp., or Schiedea stellarioides; and (2) speluncae, , greenwelliae, Santalum ellipticum, elevations between 820 and 1,200 m Diospyros sp., Peucedanum Nothocestrum breviflorum, or Acacia (2,700 and 3,940 ft). sandwicense, or Euphorbia haeleeleana; koa; and (2) elevations between 610– and (2) elevations between 680–790 m Family Caryophyllaceae: Schiedea 1,740 m (2,000–5,700 ft). (2,230–2,590 ft). apokremnos (ma‘oli‘oli) Family Campanulaceae: Lobelia Kauai G and J, identified in the legal Family Caryophyllaceae: Schiedea niihauensis (no common name) descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of lydgatei (No common name) Kauai F, G, I, and J, identified in the this section, constitute critical habitat Molokai units G and H, identified in legal descriptions in paragraph for Schiedea apokremnos on Kauai. the legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute Within these units, the currently known a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitutes critical habitat for Lobelia niihauensis primary constituent elements of critical critical habitat for Schiedea lydgatei on on Kauai. Within these units, the habitat are habitat components that Molokai. Within these units the currently known primary constituent provide: (1) Crevices of near-vertical currently known primary constituent elements of critical habitat are habitat coastal cliff faces (a) in sparse dry elements of critical habitat for Schiedea components that provide: (1) Exposed coastal shrub vegetation and (b) lydgatei are the habitat components that mesic mixed shrubland or coastal dry containing one or more of the following provide: (1) Along ridges—(a) in dry to cliffs containing one or more of the associated native plant species: mesic grasslands, shrublands, and following associated native plant Heliotropium sp., Chamaesyce sp., forests with scattered native trees and species: Eragrostis sp., Bidens sp., Bidens sp., Artemisia australis, Lobelia (b) containing one or more of the Plectranthus parviflorus, Lipochaeta sp., niihauensis, Wilkesia hobdyi, following associated native species: Lythrum sp., Wilkesia hobdyi, Hibiscus Lipochaeta connata, Myoporum Dodonaea viscosa, Metrosideros kokio ssp. saint johnianus, sandwicense, Canthium odoratum, or polymorpha, Styphelia tameiameiae, Nototrichium sp., Schiedea Peperomia sp.; and (2) elevations and Dicranopteris linearis; and (2) apokremnos, Chamaesyce celastroides, between 60 to 330 m (200 to 1,080 ft). elevations from about 600 to 650 m Charpentiera sp., or Artemisia sp.; and (2,000 to 2,100 ft). Family Caryophyllaceae: Schiedea (2) elevations between 100 to 830 m helleri (no common name) Family Caryophyllaceae: Schiedea (330 to 2720 ft). Kauai I, identified in the legal membranacea (no common name) Family Caryophyllaceae: Alsinidendron description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of Kauai G, I, and K, identified in the lychnoides (kuawawaenohu) this section, constitutes critical habitat legal descriptions in paragraph Kauai G and H, identified in the legal for Schiedea helleri on Kauai. Within (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of this unit, the currently known primary critical habitat for Schiedea this section, constitute critical habitat constituent elements of critical habitat membranacea on Kauai. Within these for Alsinidendron lychnoides on Kauai. are habitat components that provide: (1) units, the currently known primary Within these units, the currently known Ridges and steep cliffs (a) in closed constituent elements of critical habitat primary constituent elements of critical Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris are habitat components that provide: (1) habitat are habitat components that linearis montane wet forest, or Cliffs or cliff bases (a) in mesic or wet provide: (1) Montane wet forests (a) Metrosideros polymorpha- habitats, (b) in lowland, or montane dominated by Metrosideros polymorpha Cheirodendron sp. montane wet forest, shrubland, or forest communities and Cheirodendron sp., or by or Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha dominated by Acacia koa, Pipturus sp. Metrosideros polymorpha and montane mesic forest, and (b) or Metrosideros polymorpha and (c) Dicranopteris linearis and (b) containing containing one or more of the following containing one or more of the following one or more of the following native associated native plant species: associated native plant species: plant species: Carex sp., Cyrtandra sp., Dubautia raillardioides, Scaevola Hedyotis terminalis, Melicope sp., Machaerina sp., Vaccinium sp., procera, Hedyotis terminalis, Syzygium Pouteria sandwicensis, Poa mannii, Peperomia sp., Hedyotis terminalis, sandwicensis, Melicope clusifolia, Hibiscus waimeae, Psychotria Astelia sp., or Broussaisia arguta; and Cibotium sp., Broussaisia arguta, mariniana, Canthium odoratum, (2) elevations between 1,100 and 1,320 Cheirodendron sp., Cyanea hirtella, Pisonia sp., Perrottetia sandwicensis, m (3,610 and 4,330 ft). Dianella sandwicensis, Viola Scaevola procera, Sadleria cyatheoides, wailenalenae, or Poa sandvicensis; and Diplazium sandwicensis, Thelypteris Family Caryophyllaceae: Alsinidendron (2) elevations between 1,065–1,100 m sandwicensis, Boehmeria grandis, viscosum (no common name) (3,490–3,610 ft). Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine sp., Bobea Kauai I, identified in the legal brevipes, Alyxia olivaeformis, description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of Family Caryophyllaceae: Schiedea Psychotria greenwelliae, Pleomele sp., this section, constitutes critical habitat kauaiensis (no common name) Alphitonia ponderosa, Joinvillea for Alsinidendron viscosum on Kauai. Kauai G, identified in the legal ascendens ssp. ascendens, Athyrium Within this unit, the currently known description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of sandwichianum, Machaerina primary constituent elements of critical this section, constitutes critical habitat angustifolia, Cyrtandra paludosa, habitat are habitat components that for on Kauai. Touchardia latifolia, Thelypteris provide: (1) Steep slopes (a) in Acacia Within this unit, the currently known cyatheoides, Lepidium serra, Eragrostis koa-Metrosideros polymorpha lowland, primary constituent elements of critical variabilis, Remya kauaiensis, montane mesic, or wet forest and (b) habitat are habitat components that Lysimachia kalalauensis, Labordia

VerDate 112000 18:18 Dec 28, 2000 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\29DEP2.SGM pfrm10 PsN: 29DEP2 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules 83209 helleri, Mariscus pennatiformis, Family Caryophyllaceae: Schiedea habitat for Silene lanceolata are the Asplenium praemorsum, or Poa spergulina var. spergulina (no common habitat components that provide: (1) sandvicensis; and (2) elevations name) Kauai G and I, identified in the Cliff faces and ledges of gullies—(a) in between 520 and 1,160 m (1,700 and legal descriptions in paragraph dry to mesic shrubland and (b) 3,800 ft). (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute containing one or more of the following critical habitat for Schiedea spergulina Family Caryophyllaceae: Schiedea associated native species: Associated var. spergulina on Kauai. Within these nuttallii (no common name) native plant species include Dodonea units, the currently known primary viscosa, Styphelia tameiameiae, and Kauai M, identified in the legal constituent elements of critical habitat Dubautia linearis; and (2) an elevation description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of are habitat components that provide: (1) of about 800 m (2,600 ft). this section, constitutes critical habitat Bare rock outcrops or sparsely vegetated for Schiedea nuttallii on Kauai. Within portions of rocky cliff faces or cliff bases Family Convolvulaceae: Bonamia this unit, the currently known primary (a) in diverse lowland mesic forests and menziesii (no common name) constituent elements of critical habitat (b) containing one or more of the Kauai G and L, identified in the legal are habitat components that provide: (1) following associated plant taxa: descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of Diverse lowland mesic forest, often with Heliotropium sp., or Nototrichium this section, constitute critical habitat Metrosideros polymorpha dominant, sandwicense; and (2) elevations between for Bonamia menziesii on Kauai. Within containing one or more of the following 180 and 800 m (590 and 2,625 ft). these units, the currently known associated native plant species: primary constituent elements of critical Antidesma sp, Psychotria sp., Family Caryophyllaceae:Schiedea stellarioides (laulihilihi (=ma‘oli‘oli)) habitat are habitat components that Perrottetia sandwicensis, Pisonia sp., or provide: (1) Dry, mesic or wet forests Kauai I, identified in the legal Hedyotis acuminata; and (2) elevations containing one or more of the following between 415 and 790 m (1,360 and description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of native plant species: Metrosideros 2,590 ft). this section, constitutes critical habitat polymorpha, Canthium odoratum, for Schiedea stellarioides on Kauai. Family Caryophyllaceae: Schiedea Dianella sandwicensis, Diospyros Within this unit, the currently known sarmentosa (No common name) sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, primary constituent elements of critical Hedyotis terminalis, Melicope anisata, Molokai units G and H, identified in habitat are habitat components that Melicope barbigera, Myoporum the legal descriptions in paragraph provide: (1) Steep slopes (a) in closed sandwicense, Nestegis sandwicense, (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitutes Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha Pisonia sp., Pittosporum sp., Pouteria critical habitat for Schiedea sarmentosa lowland or montane mesic forest or sandwicensis, or Sapindus oahuensis; on Molokai. Within these units the shrubland and (b) containing one or and (2) elevations between 150 and 850 currently known primary constituent more of the following native plant m (500 and 2,800 ft). elements of critical habitat for Schiedea species: Nototrichium sp., Artemisia sp., sarmentosa are the habitat components Dodonaea viscosa, Melicope sp., Family Cyperaceae: Cyperus that provide: (1) Steep slopes—(a) in Dianella sandwicensis, Bidens trachysanthos (pu‘uka‘a) Metrosideros polymorpha-Dodonaea cosmoides, Mariscus sp., or Styphelia Kauai G, identified in the legal viscosa lowland dry or mesic shrubland tameiameiae; and (2) elevations descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of and (b) containing one or more of the between 610 and 1,120 m (2,000 and this section, and Niihau A, identified in following associated native species: 3,680 ft). Styphelia tameiameiae, Chenopodium the legal descriptions in paragraph oahuensis, Alyxia oliviformis, Pleomele Family Caryophyllaceae: Silene (a)(1)(i)(B) of this section, constitute sp., Bidens menziesii, Carex meynii, alexandri (No common name) critical habitat for Cyperus Lipochaeta rockii, Nestegis Molokai unit G, identified in the legal trachysanthos on Kauai and Niihau. sandwicensis, Nothocestrum latifolium, description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F) of Within these units, the currently known Nototrichium sandwicense, Sida fallax, this section constitutes critical habitat primary constituent elements of critical Sophora chrysophylla, and Chamaesyce for Silene alexandri on Molokai. Within habitat are habitat components that sp.; and (2) between 610 and 790 m this unit the currently known primary provide: (1) Wet sites (mud flats, wet (2,000 and 2,600 ft) elevation. constituent elements of critical habitat clay soil, or wet cliff seeps) (a) on for Silene alexandri are the habitat coastal cliffs or talus slopes and (b) Family Caryophyllaceae: Schiedea components that provide: (1) Remnant containing the native plant species spergulina var. leiopoda (no common dry forest and shrubland and containing Hibiscus tiliaceus; and (2) elevations name) one or more of the following associated between 3 and 160 m (10 and 525 ft). Kauai C, identified in the legal native species: Dodonaea viscosa, Family Cyperaceae: Mariscus fauriei (No description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of Metrosideros polymorpha, Styphelia common name) this section, constitutes critical habitat tameiameiae, and Dicranopteris for Schiedea spergulina var. leiopoda on linearis, Chenopodium oahuense, and Molokai unit H, identified in the legal Kauai. Within this unit, the currently Sophora chrysophylla; and (2) description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F) of known primary constituent elements of elevations between 610 and 760 m this section constitutes critical habitat critical habitat are habitat components (2,000 and 2,500 ft). for Mariscus fauriei on Molokai. Within that provide: (1) Bare rock outcrops or this unit the currently known primary sparsely vegetated portions of rocky cliff Family Caryophyllaceae: Silene constituent elements of critical habitat faces or cliff bases (a) in diverse lowland lanceolata (No common name) for Mariscus fauriei are the habitat mesic forests and (b) containing one or Molokai unit G , identified in the legal components that provide: (1) aa more of the following native plants: description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F) of substrate—(a) Diospyros sandwicensis Bidens sandvicensis, Doryopteris sp., this section constitutes critical habitat dominated lowland dry forests and (b) Peperomia leptostachya, or Plectranthus for Silene lanceolata on Molokai. containing one or more of the following parviflorus; and (2) elevations between Within this unit the currently known associated native species: Canthium 180 and 800 m (590 and 2,625 ft). primary constituent elements of critical odoratum, Peperomia sp., and Rauvolfia

VerDate 112000 18:18 Dec 28, 2000 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\29DEP2.SGM pfrm10 PsN: 29DEP2 83210 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules sandwicensis; and (2) at an elevation of elements of critical habitat are habitat ii. Molokai units D, E, G, H, K, L and 207 m (680 ft). components that provide: (1) Dry or M, identified in the legal descriptions in mesic forests containing one or more of paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section Family Euphorbiaceae: Chamaesyce the following native plant species: constitutes critical habitat for Sesbania halemanui (no common name) Alectryon macrococcus, Bobea tomentosa on Molokai. Within these Kauai G and I, identified in the legal timonioides, Charpentiera sp., units the currently known primary descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of Caesalpinia kauaiense, Hibiscus sp., constituent elements of critical habitat this section, constitute critical habitat Melicope sp., Metrosideros polymorpha, for Sesbania tomentosa are the habitat for Chamaesyce halemanui on Kauai. Myrsine lanaiensis, Munroidendron components that provide: (1) Within these units, the currently known racemosum, Tetraplasandra sp., Kokia Windswept slopes, sea cliffs and primary constituent elements of critical kauaiensis, Isodendrion sp., Pteralyxia weathered basaltic slopes—(a) in habitat are habitat components that kauaiensis, Psychotria mariniana, Scaevola sericea coastal dry shrublands provide: (1) Steep slopes of gulches (a) Diplazium sandwichianum, Freycinetia and (b) containing one or more of the in mesic Acacia koa forests and (b) arborea, Nesoluma polynesicum, following associated native species: containing one or more of the following Diospyros sp., Antidesma pulvinatum, Lipochaeta integrifolia, Jacquemontia native plant species: Metrosideros A. platyphyllum, Canthium odoratum, sandwicensis, Sida fallax, and Dodonea polymorpha, Alphitonia ponderosa, Nestegis sandwicensis, Rauvolfia viscosa; and (2) elevations between sea Antidesma platyphyllum, Bobea sandwicensis, Pittosporum sp., level and 579 m (0–1,900 ft). brevipes, Cheirodendron trigynum, Tetraplasandra sp., Pouteria Coprosma sp., Diospyros sandwicensis, Family Fabaceae: Vigna o-wahuense (No sandwicensis, Xylosma sp., Pritchardia common name) Dodonaea viscosa, Elaeocarpus bifidus, sp., Bidens sp., or Streblus pendulinus; Hedyotis terminalis, Kokia kauaiensis, and (2) elevations of 250 to 1,000 m (820 Molokai unit G, identified in the legal Melicope haupuensis, Pisonia sp., to 3,280 ft). description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F) of Pittosporum sp., Pleomele aurea, this section constitutes critical habitat Psychotria mariniana, Psychotria Family Fabaceae: Canavalia for Vigna o-wahuensis on Molokai. greenwelliae, Pouteria sandwicensis, molokaiensis (awikiwiki) Within this unit the currently known Santalum freycinetianum, or Styphelia primary constituent elements of critical Molokai units I, J and X, identified in tameiameiae; and (2) elevations habitat for Vigna o-wahuensis are the the legal descriptions in paragraph between 660 to 1,100 m (2,165 to 3,610 habitat components that provide: (1) Dry (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitute ft). to mesic grassland and shrubland and critical habitat for Canavalia containing one or more of the following Family Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia molokaiensis on Molokai. Within these associated native species: Chenopodium haeleeleana (‘akoko) units the currently known primary oahuense, Cyperus laevigatus, Kauai G, I, and U, identified in the constituent elements of critical habitat Eragrostis variabilis, Heteropogon legal descriptions in paragraph for Canavalia molokaiensis are the contortus, Ipomoea sp., Scaevola (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute habitat components that provide: (1) sericea, Sida falax, Vitex rotindifolia, critical habitat for Euphorbia Exposed dry and mesic sites on steep Dodonea viscosa, and Styphelia haeleeleana on Kauai. Within these slopes—(a) in Metrosideros tameiameiae; and (2) from 207 to 256 m units, the currently known primary polymorpha-Dodonea viscosa lowland (680–840 ft) in elevation. constituent elements of critical habitat shrubland or mesic shrublands and (b) Family Flacourtiaceae: Xylosma are habitat components that provide: (1) containing one or more of the following crenatum (no common name) Lowland mixed mesic or dry forest that associated native plant species: (a) is often dominated by Metrosideros Artemesia sp., Chamaesyce sp., Kauai G and I, identified in the legal polymorpha, Acacia koa, or Diospyros Coprosma sp., Styphelia tameiameiae, descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of sp. and (b) containing one or more of the or Wikstroemia sp.; and (2) elevations this section, constitute critical habitat following native plant species: Acacia between 10 and 900 m (30 and 3,060 ft). for Xylosma crenatum on Kauai. Within koaia, Antidesma platyphyllum, Family Fabaceae: Sesbania tomentosa these units, the currently known Claoxylon sp., Carex meyenii, Carex (‘ohai) primary constituent elements of critical wahuensis, Diplazium sandwichianum, habitat are habitat components that Dodonaea viscosa, Erythrina i. Kauai J, identified in the legal provide: (1) Diverse Acacia koa- sandwicensis, Kokia kauaiensis, description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of Metrosideros polymorpha montane Pleomele aurea, Psychotria mariniana, this section, constitutes critical habitat mesic forest, or Metrosideros P. greenwelliae, Pteralyxia for Sesbania tomentosa on Kauai. polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis sandwicensis, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Within these units, the currently known montane wet forest, or Acacia koa- Reynoldsia sandwicensis, Sapindus primary constituent elements of critical Metrosideros polymorpha montane wet oahuensis, Tetraplasandra kauaiensis, habitat are habitat components that forest, and containing one or more of the Pouteria sandwicensis, Pisonia provide: (1) Sandy beaches, dunes, soil following associated native plant sandwicensis, or Xylosma sp.; and (2) pockets on lava, or pond margins (a) in species: Tetraplasandra kauaiensis, elevations between 205 and 670 m (680 coastal dry shrublands, or open Hedyotis terminalis, Pleomele aurea, and 2,200 ft). Metrosideros polymorpha forests, or Ilex anomala, Claoxylon sandwicense, mixed coastal dry cliffs, and (b) Myrsine alyxifolia, Nestegis Family Euphorbiaceae: Flueggea containing one or more of the following sandwicensis, Streblus pendulinus, neowawraea (mehamehame) associated native plant species: Sida Psychotria sp., Diplazium Kauai F, G, and I, identified in the fallax, Heteropogon contortus, sandwichianum, Pouteria sandwicensis, legal descriptions in paragraph Myoporum sandwicense, Sporobolus Scaevola procera, Coprosma sp., (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute virginicus, Scaevola sericea, or Athyrium sandwichianum, Touchardia critical habitat for Flueggea neowawraea Dodonaea viscosa; and (2) elevations latifolia, Dubautia knudsenii, on Kauai. Within these units, the between sea level and 12 m (0 and 40 Cheirodendron sp., Lobelia yuccoides, currently known primary constituent ft). Cyanea hirta, Poa sandwicensis, or

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Diplazium sandwichianum; and (2) Dicranopteris linearis and (b) containing Family Lamiaceae: Phyllostegia elevations between 975 to 1,065 m one or more of the following native wawrana (no common name) (3,200 to 3,490 ft). species: Perrottetia sandwicensis, Kauai G, I, and R, identified in the Family Gentianaceae: Centaurium Pipturus sp., Bidens sp., Psychotria sp., legal descriptions in paragraph sebaeoides (awiwi) Pritchardia sp., Freycinetia arborea, (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute Cyanea sp., Cyrtandra limahuliensis, i. Kauai G, identified in the legal critical habitat for Phyllostegia wawrana Diplazium sandwichianum, Gunnera on Kauai. Within these units, the description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of sp., Coprosma sp., Stenogyne sp., this section, constitutes critical habitat currently known primary constituent Machaerina sp., Boehmeria grandis, for Centaurium sebaeoides on Kauai. elements of critical habitat are habitat Pipturus sp., Cheirodendron sp., Within this unit, the currently known components that provide: (1) primary constituent elements of critical Hedyotis terminalis, or Hedyotis Metrosideros polymorpha dominated habitat are habitat components that tryblium; and (2) elevations between lowland or montane wet or mesic forest provide: (1) Volcanic or clay soils or 550 and 1,220 meter (1,800 and 4,000 with (a) Cheirodendron sp. or cliffs (a) in arid coastal areas and (b) ft). Dicranopteris linearis as co-dominants, containing one or more of the following and (b) containing one or more of the Family Gesneriaceae: Cyrtandra following associated native plant native plant species; Artemisia sp., limahuliensis (ha‘iwale) Bidens sp., Chamaesyce celastroides, species: Delissea rivularis, Diplazium Dodonaea viscosa, Fimbristylis cymosa, Kauai A, F, K, L, O, P, Q, R, and T, sandwichianum, Vaccinium sp., Heteropogon contortus, Jaquemontia identified in the legal descriptions in Broussaisia arguta, Myrsine lanaiensis, ovalifolia, Lipochaeta succulenta, paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, Psychotria sp., Dubautia knudsenii, Lipochaeta heterophylla, Lipochaeta constitute critical habitat for Cyrtandra Scaevola procera, Gunnera sp., integrifolia, Lycium sandwicense, limahuliensis on Kauai. Within these Pleomele aurea, Claoxylon sandwicense, Elaphoglossum sp., Lysimachia mauritiana, Mariscus units, the currently known primary Hedyotis sp., Sadleria sp., and phloides, Panicum fauriei, P. torridum, constituent elements of critical habitat Syzygium sandwicensis; and (2) Scaevola sericea, Schiedea globosa, are habitat components that provide: (1) Sida fallax, or Wikstroemia uva-ursi; elevations between 780–1,210 m (2,560– Stream banks (a) in lowland wet forests 3,920 ft). and (2) elevations above 250 m (800 ft). and (b) containing one or more of the ii. Molokai units C and Aa, identified following native plant species: Family Lamiaceae: Stenogyne bifida (No in the legal descriptions in paragraph common name) (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitute Antidesma sp., Cyrtandra kealiea, critical habitat for Centaurium Pisonia sp., Pipturus sp., Cibotium Molokai unit P, identified in the legal sebaeoides on Molokai. Within these glaucum, Eugenia sp, Hedyotis description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F) of units the currently known primary terminalis, Dubautia sp., Boehmeria this section constitutes critical habitat constituent elements of critical habitat grandis, Touchardia latifolia, Bidens for Stenogyne bifida on Molokai. Within for Centaurium sebaeoides are the sp., Hibiscus waimeae, Charpentiera sp., this unit the currently known primary habitat components that provide: (1) Urera glabra, Pritchardia sp., Cyanea constituent elements of critical habitat Volcanic or clay soils or cliffs—(a) in sp., Perrottetia sandwicensis, for Stenogyne bifida are the habitat arid coastal areas and (b) containing one Metrosideros polymorpha, Dicranopteris components that provide: (1) Steep or more of the following associated linearis, Gunnera kauaiensis, or ridges—(a) in Metrosideros polymorpha- native plant species: Chamaesyce Psychotria sp.; and (2) elevations dominated montane mesic to wet forests celastroides, Dodonea viscosa, between 245 and 915 m (800 and 3,000 and (b) containing one or more of the Fimbristylis cymosa, Heteropogon ft). following associated native species: contortus, Lipochaeta heterophylla, Cibotium sp., Hedyotis sp., Cyanea sp., Lipochaeta integrifolia, Lycium Family Lamiaceae: Phyllostegia Dicranopteris linearis, Dodonaea sandwicense, Lysimachia mauritiana, knudsenii (no common name) viscosa, Hedyotis hillebrandii, Pipturus Mariscus phleoides, Panicum fauriei, Kauai I, identified in the legal albidus, Psychotria sp., Styphelia tameiameiae, Vaccinium sp., Panicum torridum, Scaevola sericea, description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of Wikstromia sp., Cheirodendron Schiedea globosa, Sida fallax, this section, constitutes critical habitat trigynum, Broussaisia arguta, and Wikstroemia uva-ursi, Artemisia sp., for Phyllostegia knudsenii on Kauai. Bidens sp., Jaquemontia ovalifolia, or Pouteria sandwicensis; and (2) Within this unit, the currently known Lipochaeta succulenta; and (2) elevations between 450 and 1,200 m primary constituent elements of critical elevations below 120 m (400 ft). (1,450 and 4,000 ft). habitat are habitat components that Family Gesneriaceae: Cyrtandra provide: (1) Metrosideros polymorpha Family Lamiaceae: Stenogyne cyaneoides (mapele) lowland mesic or wet forest containing campanulata (no common name) Kauai K, P, and R, identified in the one or more of the following associated Kauai G, identified in the legal legal descriptions in paragraph native plant species: Perrottetia description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute sandwicensis, Cyrtandra kauaiensis, this section, constitutes critical habitat critical habitat for Cyrtandra cyaneoides Cyrtandra paludosa, Elaeocarpus for Stenogyne campanulata on Kauai. on Kauai. Within these units, the bifidus, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Within this unit, the currently known currently known primary constituent Cryptocarya mannii, Ilex anomala, primary constituent elements of critical elements of critical habitat are habitat Myrsine linearifolia, Bobea timonioides, habitat are habitat components that components that provide: (1) Steep Selaginella arbuscula, Diospyros sp., provide: (1) Rock faces of nearly slopes or cliffs near streams or Zanthoxylum dipetalum, Pittosporum vertical, north-facing cliffs (a) in diverse waterfalls (a) in lowland or montane wet sp., Tetraplasandra spp., Pouteria lowland or montane mesic forest and (b) forest or shrubland dominated by sandwicensis, or Pritchardia minor; and containing one or more of the following Metrosideros polymorpha or a mixture (2) elevations between 865–975 m associated native plant species: of Metrosideros polymorpha and (2,840–3,200 ft). Heliotropium sp., Lepidium serra,

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Lysimachia glutinosa, Perrottetia Within this unit, the currently known critical habitat are habitat components sandwicensis, or Remya montgomeryi; primary constituent elements of critical that provide: (1) Metrosideros and (2) an elevation of 1,085 m (3,560 habitat are habitat components that polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis or ft). provide: (1) Basalt talus or cliff walls (a) Pisonia sp.-Charpentiera elliptica in Metrosideros polymorpha montane Family Loganiaceae: Labordia lydgatei lowland wet or mesic forest and mesic forest and (b) containing one or (kamakahala) containing one or more of the following more of the following associated native associated native plant species: Kauai F, K, L, P, R, and T, identified plant species: Bidens sandwicensis, Antidesma sp., Psychotria sp., Pipturus in the legal descriptions in paragraph Artemisia australis, Melicope pallida, sp., Bidens sp., Bobea sp., Sadleria sp., (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute Dubautia sp., Lepidium serra, Cyrtandra sp., Cyanea sp., Cibotium sp., critical habitat for Labordia lydgatei on Lipochaeta sp., Lysimachia glutinosa, Perrottetia sandwicensis, or Syzygium Kauai. Within these units, the currently Carex meyenii, Chamaesyce celastroides known primary constituent elements of var. hanapepensis, Hedyotis sp., sandwicensis; and (2) elevations critical habitat are habitat components Nototrichium sp., Panicum lineale, between 190 and 560 m (620 and 1,850 that provide: (1) Metrosideros Myrsine sp., Stenogyne campanulata, ft). polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis Lobelia niihauensis, or Poa mannii; and Family Malvaceae: Kokia kauaiensis lowland wet forest containing one or (2) elevations around 915m (3,000 ft). (koki‘o) more of the following associated native Family Malvaceae: Hibiscus arnottianus plant species: Psychotria sp., Hedyotis Kauai G and I, identified in the legal ssp. immaculatus (kokio ke okeo) terminalis sp., Cyanea sp., Cyrtandra descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of sp., Labordia hirtella, Antidesma Molokai units T and V, identified in this section, constitute critical habitat platyphyllum var. hillebrandii, the legal descriptions in paragraph for Kokia kauaiensis on Kauai. Within Syzygium sandwicensis, Ilex anomala, (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitute these units, the currently known critical habitat for Hibiscus arnottianus or Dubautia knudsenii; and (2) primary constituent elements of critical ssp. immaculatus on Molokai. Within elevations between 635 and 855 m habitat are habitat components that this unit the currently known primary (2,080 to 2,800 ft). provide: (1) Diverse mesic forest constituent elements of critical habitat Family Loganiaceae: Labordia tinifolia for Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. containing one or more of the following var. wahiawaensis (kamakahala) immaculatus are the habitat components associated native plant species: Acacia Kauai L, identified in the legal that provide: (1) steep sea cliffs—(a) in koa, Metrosideros polymorpha, Bobea description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of mesic forests and (b) containing one or sp., Diospyros sandwicensis, Hedyotis this section, constitutes critical habitat more of the following associated native sp., Pleomele sp., Pisonia sp., Xylosma for Labordia tinifolia var. wahiawaensis plant species: Athyrium sp., Canthium sp., Isodendrion sp., Syzygium on Kauai. Within this unit, the currently odoratum, Cyanea grimesiana, sandwicensis, Antidesma sp., Alyxia known primary constituent elements of Antidesma platyphyllum, Boehmeria olivaeformis, Pouteria sandwicensis, critical habitat are habitat components grandis, Diospyros sandwicensis, Streblus pendulinus, Canthium that provide: (1) Streambanks (a) in Pipturis sp., Urera glabra, or odoratum, Nototrichium sp., Pteralyxia lowland wet forests dominated by Metrosideros polymorpha; and (2) kauaiensis, Dicranopteris linearis, Metrosideros polymorpha and (b) elevations between 15 and 480 m (50 Hibiscus sp., Flueggea neowawraea, containing one or more of the following and 1,600 ft). Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Melicope sp., associated species: Cheirodendron sp., Family Malvaceae: Hibiscus clayi Diellia laciniata, Tetraplasandra sp., Dicranopteris linearis, Cyrtandra sp, (Clay’s hibiscus) Chamaesyce celastroides, Lipochaeta Antidesma sp., Psychotria sp., Hedyotis fauriei, Dodonaea viscosa, Santalum terminalis, or Athyrium microphyllum; Kauai N, identified in the legal sp., Claoxylon sp., or Nestegis description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of and (2) elevations between 300 to 920 m sandwicensis; and (2) elevations this section, constitutes critical habitat (985 to 3,020 ft). between 350–660 m (1,150–2,165 ft). for Hibiscus clayi on Kauai. Within this Family Loganiaceae: Labordia triflora unit, the currently known primary Family Marsileaceae: Marsilea villosa (kamakahala) constituent elements of critical habitat (ihi ihi) Molokai unit N, identified in the legal are habitat components that provide: (1) description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F) of Slopes (a) in Acacia koa or Diospyros Molokai units A, B and C, identified this section constitute critical habitat for sp.-Pisonia sp.-Metrosideros in the legal descriptions in paragraph Labordia triflora on Molokai. Within polymorpha lowland dry or mesic forest (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitutes this unit the currently known primary and (b) containing one or more of the critical habitat for Marsilea villosa on constituent elements of critical habitat following associated native plant Molokai. Within these units the for Labordia triflora are the habitat species: Hedyotis acuminata, Pipturus currently known primary constituent components that provide: (1) Mixed sp., Psychotria sp., Cyanea hardyi, elements of critical habitat for Marsilea lowland mesic forest containing one or Artemisia australis, or Bidens sp.; and villosa are the habitat components that more of the following associated native (2) elevations between 230 to 350 m provide: (1) Minimally shaded or open plant species: Pouteria sandwicensis, (750 to 1,150 ft). areas in shallow depressions in clay Cyanea mannii, or Tetraplasandra sp.; Family Malvaceae: Hibiscus waimeae soil, or lithified sand dunes overlaid and (2) elevation of ca. 800 m (2,600 ft). ssp. hannerae (koki‘o ke‘oke‘o) with alluvial clay and containing one or more of the following associated native Family Malvaceae: Hibiscadelphus Kauai F, identified in the legal woodii (hau kuahiwi) description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of species: Heteropogon contortus, Sida Kauai G, identified in the legal this section, constitutes critical habitat fallax, Waltheria indica, Centaurium description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of for Hibiscus waimeae ssp. hannerae on sebaeoides, Tetramolopium sylvae and this section, constitutes critical habitat Kauai. Within this unit, the currently Schiedea globosa; and (2) at or below for Hibiscadelphus woodii on Kauai. known primary constituent elements of 150 m (500 ft) elevation.

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Family Myrsinaceae: Myrsine sp., Machaerina angustifolia, Athyrium Mariscus phloides, Luzula hawaiiensis, linearifolia (kolea) sp., Bidens sp., Eragrostis sp., Carex meyenii, C. wahuensis, Cyrtandra Kauai F, G, H, I, L, and P, identified Lysimachia filifolia, Pipturus sp., wawrae, Dodonaea viscosa, Exocarpos in the legal descriptions in paragraph Cyrtandra sp., or Myrsine linearifolia; luteolus, Labordia helleri, Nototrichium (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute and (2) elevations between 480 to 1,100 sp., Schiedea amplexicaulis, Hedyotis m (1,580 to 3,610 ft). terminalis, Melicope anisata, M. critical habitat for Myrsine linearifolia barbigera, M. pallida, Pouteria on Kauai. Within these units, the Family Poaceae: Ischaemum byrone sandwicensis, Schiedea membranacea, currently known primary constituent (Hilo ischaemum) Diospyros sandwicensis, Psychotria elements of critical habitat are habitat Molokai units T and V, identified in mariniana, P. greenwelliae, or Kokia components that provide: (1) Diverse the legal descriptions in paragraph kauaiensis; and (2) elevations between mesic or wet lowland or montane (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitute 460 and 1,150 m (1,510 and 3,770 ft). Metrosideros polymorpha forest with (a) critical habitat for Ischaemum byrone on Cheirodendron sp. or Dicranopteris Molokai. Within these units the Family Poaceae: Poa sandvicensis linearis as co-dominants, and (b) currently known primary constituent (Hawaiian bluegrass) containing one or more of the following elements of critical habitat for Kauai G and I, identified in the legal associated native plant species: Ischaemum byrone are the habitat descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of Dubautia sp., Cryptocarya mannii, components that provide: (1) Rocks, this section, constitute critical habitat Sadleria pallida, Myrsine sp., Syzygium basalt cliffs or talus slopes—(a) in for Poa sandvicensis on Kauai. Within sandwicensis, Machaerina angustifolia, coastal dry shrubland or Artemisia cliff these units, the currently known Freycinetia arborea, Hedyotis communities and (b) containing one or primary constituent elements of critical terminalis, Cheirodendron sp., Bobea more of the following associated native habitat are habitat components that brevipes, Nothocestrum sp., Melicope plant species: Bidens molokaiensis, provide: (1) Wet, shaded, gentle or steep sp., Eurya sandwicensis, Psychotria sp., Hedyotis littoralis, Lysimachia slopes, ridges, or rock ledges (a) in semi- Lysimachia sp., or native ferns; and (2) mauritiana, Fymbrystylis cymosa, or open or closed, mesic or wet, diverse elevations between 585 to 1,280 m Pandanus tectorius; and (2) elevations montane forest dominated by (1,920 to 4,200 ft). between sea level and 75 m (0 and 250 Metrosideros polymorpha and (b) Family Orchidaceae: Platanthera ft). containing one or more of the following associated native species: Dodonaea holochila (no common name) Family Poaceae: Panicum niihauense viscosa, Dubautia sp., Coprosma sp., (lau ‘ehu) Kauai H, identified in the legal Melicope sp., Dianella sandwicensis, description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of Kauai J, identified in the legal Alyxia olivaeformis, Bidens sp., this section, constitutes critical habitat description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of Dicranopteris linearis, Schiedea for Platanthera holochila on Kauai. this section, constitutes critical habitat stellarioides, Peperomia macraeana, Within this unit, the currently known for Panicum niihauense on Kauai. Claoxylon sandwicense, Acacia koa, primary constituent elements of critical Within this unit, the currently known Psychotria sp., Hedyotis sp., Scaevola habitat are habitat components that primary constituent elements of critical sp., Cheirodendron sp., or Syzygium provide: (1) Metrosideros polymorpha- habitat are habitat components that sandwicensis; and (2) elevations Dicranopteris linearis montane wet provide: (1) Sand dunes (a) in coastal between 1,035 to 1,250 m (3,400 to forest or M. polymorpha mixed bog shrubland and (b) containing one or 4,100 ft). containing one or more of the following more of the following associated native associated native plants: Myrsine plant species: Dodonaea viscosa, Family Poaceae: Poa siphonoglossa (no denticulata, Cibotium sp., Coprosma Cassytha filiformis, Scaevola sericea, common name) ernodeoides, Oreobolus furcatus, Sida fallax, Vitex rotundifolia, or Kauai G, I, and U, identified in the Styphelia tameiameiae, or Vaccinium Sporobolus sp.; and (2) elevations of 100 legal descriptions in paragraph sp.; and (2) elevations between 1,050 m or less (330 ft). (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute and 1,600 m (3,450 and 5,245 ft). critical habitat for Poa siphonoglossa on Family Poaceae: Poa mannii (Mann’s Kauai. Within these units, the currently Family Plantaginaceae: Plantago bluegrass) princeps (laukahi kuahiwi) known primary constituent elements of Kauai G, identified in the legal critical habitat are habitat components Kauai G, K, P, and T, identified in the description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of that provide: (1) Shady banks near ridge legal descriptions in paragraph this section, constitutes critical habitat crests (a) in mesic Metrosideros (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute for Poa mannii on Kauai. Within this polymorpha forest and (b) containing critical habitat for Plantago princeps on unit, the currently known primary one or more of the following associated Kauai. Within these units, the currently constituent elements of critical habitat native plant species: Acacia koa, known primary constituent elements of are habitat components that provide: (1) Psychotria sp., Scaevola sp., Alphitonia critical habitat are habitat components Cliffs, rock faces, or stream banks (a) in ponderosa, Zanthoxylum dipetalum, that provide: (1) Steep slopes, rock lowland or montane wet, dry, or mesic Tetraplasandra kauaiensis, Dodonaea walls, or bases of waterfalls (a) in mesic Metrosideros polymorpha or Acacia viscosa, Hedyotis sp., Melicope sp., or wet Metrosideros polymorpha forest koa-Metrosideros polymorpha montane Vaccinium sp., Styphelia tameiameiae, and (b) containing one or more of the mesic forest and (b) containing one or Carex meyenii, Carex wahuensis, or following associated native plant more of the following associated native Wilkesia gymnoxiphium; and (2) species: Dodonaea viscosa, Psychotria plant species: Alectryon macrococcus, elevations between 1,000 to 1,200 m sp., Dicranopteris linearis, Cyanea sp., Antidesma platyphyllum, Bidens (3,300 and 3,900 ft). Hedyotis sp., Melicope sp., Dubautia cosmoides, Chamaesyce celastroides plantaginea, Exocarpos luteolus, Poa var. hanapepensis, Artemisia australis, Family Primulaceae: Lysimachia filifolia siphonoglossa, Nothocestrum peltatum, Bidens sandwicensis, Lobelia (no common name) Remya montgomeryi, Stenogyne sandwicensis, Wilkesia gymnoxiphium, Kauai T, identified in the legal campanulata, Xylosma sp., Pleomele Eragrostis variabilis, Panicum lineale, description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of

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Within celastroides; and (2) elevations above 75 Dodonea viscosa, Metrosideros this unit, the currently known primary m (250 ft). polymorpha, Styphelia tameiameiae, constituent elements of critical habitat and Dubautia linearis; and (2) Family Rutaceae: Melicope haupuensis are habitat components that provide: (1) elevations between 670 and 870 m (alani) Mossy banks at the base of cliff faces (2,200 and 2,850 ft). within the spray zone of waterfalls or Kauai G and I, identified in the legal Family Rutaceae: Melicope pallida along streams in lowland wet forests descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of (alani) and containing one or more of the this section, constitute critical habitat following associated native plant for Melicope haupuensis on Kauai. Kauai G and I, identified in the legal species: mosses, ferns, liverworts, Within these units, the currently known descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of Machaerina sp., Heteropogon contortus, primary constituent elements of critical this section, constitute critical habitat or Melicope sp.; and (2) elevations habitat are habitat components that for Melicope pallida on Kauai. Within between 240 to 680 m (800 to 2,230 ft). provide: (1) Moist talus slopes (a) in these units, the currently known Metrosideros polymorpha dominated primary constituent elements of critical Family Rhamnaceae: Gouania meyenii lowland mesic forests or Metrosideros habitat are habitat components that (no common name) polymorpha-Acacia koa montane mesic provide: (1) Steep rock faces (a) in Kauai G and I, identified in the legal forest and (b) containing one or more of lowland or montane mesic or wet forests descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of the following associated native plant or shrubland and (b) containing one or this section, constitute critical habitat species: Dodonaea viscosa, Diospyros more of the following associated native for Gouania meyenii on Kauai. Within sp., Psychotria mariniana, P. plant species: Dodonaea viscosa, these units, the currently known greenwelliae, Melicope ovata, M. Lepidium serra, Pleomele sp., primary constituent elements of critical anisata, M. barbigera, Dianella Boehmeria grandis, Coprosma sp., habitat are habitat components that sandwicensis, Pritchardia minor, Hedyotis terminalis, Melicope sp., provide: (1) Rocky ledges, cliff faces, or Tetraplasandra waimeae, Claoxylon Pouteria sandwicensis, Poa mannii, ridge tops (a) in dry shrubland or sandwicensis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Schiedea membranacea, Psychotria Metrosideros polymorpha lowland Pleomele aurea, Cryptocarya mannii, mariniana, Dianella sandwicensis, mesic forest and (b) containing one or Pouteria sandwicensis, Bobea brevipes, Pritchardia minor, Chamaesyce more of the following native plant Hedyotis terminalis, Elaeocarpus celastroides var hanapepensis, species: Dodonaea viscosa, Chamaesyce bifidus, or Antidesma sp; and (2) Nototrichium sp., Carex meyenii, sp., Psychotria sp., Hedyotis sp., elevations between 375 to 1,075 m Artemisia sp., Abutilon sandwicense, Melicope sp., Nestegis sandwicensis, (1,230 to 3,530 ft). Alyxia olivaeformis, Dryopteris sp., Bidens sp., Carex meyenii, Diospyros Metrosideros polymorpha, Pipturus Family Rutaceae: Melicope knudsenii sp., Lysimachia sp., or Senna albidus, Sapindus oahuensis, (alani) gaudichaudii; and (2) elevations Tetraplasandra sp., or Xylosma between 490 to 880 m (1,600 to 2,880 ft). Kauai G and I, identified in the legal hawaiiense; and (2) elevations between descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of 490 to 915 m (1,600 to 3,000 ft). Family Rubiaceae: Hedyotis cookiana this section, constitute critical habitat (‘awiwi) for Melicope knudsenii on Kauai. Family Rutaceae: Melicope reflexa Kauai G, identified in the legal Within these units, the currently known (alani) description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of primary constituent elements of critical Molokai units Q and U, identified in this section, constitutes critical habitat habitat are habitat components that the legal descriptions in paragraph for Hedyotis cookiana on Kauai. Within provide: (1) Forested flats or talus slopes (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitutes this unit, the currently known primary (a) in lowland dry or montane mesic critical habitat for Melicope reflexa on constituent elements of critical habitat forests and (b) containing one or more Molokai. Within these units the are habitat components that provide: (1) of the following associated native plant currently known primary constituent streambeds or steep cliffs close to water species: Dodonaea viscosa, Antidesma elements of critical habitat for Melicope sources in lowland wet forest sp., Metrosideros polymorpha, Xylosma reflexa are the habitat components that communities; and (2) elevations sp., Hibiscus sp., Myrsine lanaiensis, provide: (1) Wet Metrosideros between 170 and 370 m (560 and 1,210 Diospyros sp., Rauvolfia sandwicensis, polymorpha dominated forests with ft). Bobea sp., Nestegis sandwicensis, native trees such as Cheirodendron sp.; Hedyotis sp., Melicope sp., Psychotria and (2) elevations between 760 and Family Rubiaceae: Hedyotis st.-johnii sp., or Pittosporum kauaiensis; and (2) 1,190 m (2,490 and 3,900 ft). (Na Pali beach Hedyotis) elevations between 450 to 1,000 m Family Rutaceae: Zanthoxylum Kauai G and J, identified in the legal (1,480 to 3,300 ft). descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of hawaiiense (ae) this section, constitute critical habitat Family Rutaceae: Melicope mucronulata i. Kauai I, identified in the legal for Hedyotis st.-johnii on Kauai. Within (alani) description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of these units, the currently known Molokai unit H, identified in the legal this section, constitutes critical habitat primary constituent elements of critical description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F) of for Zanthoxylum hawaiiense on Kauai. habitat are habitat components that this section constitutes critical habitat Within this unit, the currently known provide: (1) Crevices of north-facing, for Melicope mucronulata on Molokai. primary constituent elements of critical near-vertical coastal cliff faces within Within this unit the currently known habitat are habitat components that the spray zone (a) in sparse dry coastal primary constituent elements of critical provide: (1) Lowland dry or mesic shrubland and (b) containing one or habitat for Melicope mucronulata are forests, or montane dry forest, (a) more of the following native plant the habitat components that provide: (1) dominated by Metrosideros polymorpha species: Myoporum sandwicense, Steep, west-or north-facing, lowland or Diospyros sandwicensis, and (b) Eragrostis variabilis, Lycium slopes—(a) in dry to mesic, forests and containing one or more of the following sandwicense, Heteropogon contortus, (b) containing one or more of the associated plant species: Pleomele

VerDate 112000 18:18 Dec 28, 2000 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\29DEP2.SGM pfrm10 PsN: 29DEP2 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules 83215 auwahiensis, Antidesma platyphyllum, are habitat components that provide: (1) Cryptocarya mannii, Coprosma sp., Pisonia sp., Alectryon macrococcus, Dry slopes or gulches (a) in Diospyros Pleomele aurea, Diplazium Charpentiera sp., Melicope sp., Streblus sp.-Metrosideros polymorpha lowland sandwicensis, Broussaisia arguta, or pendulinus, Myrsine lanaiensis, mesic forest, Metrosideros polymorpha Perrottetia sandwicensis; and (2) Sophora chrysophylla, or Dodonaea mixed mesic forest, or Diospyros sp. elevations between 915 to 1,220 m viscosa; and (2) elevations between 550 mixed mesic forest, (b) containing one (3,000 to 4,000 ft). and 730 m (1,800 and 2,400 ft). or more of the following native plant Family Solanaceae: Solanum ii. Molokai unit G, identified in the species: Nestegis sandwicensis, sandwicense (‘aiakeaakua, popolu) legal description in paragraph Psychotria sp., Pisonia sp., Xylosma sp., (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitutes Streblus pendulinus, Hibiscus sp., Kauai D, G, and I, identified in the critical habitat for Zanthoxylum Antidesma sp., Pleomele sp., Acacia legal descriptions in paragraph hawaiiense on Molokai. Within this unit koa, Melicope knudsenii, Hibiscus (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute the currently known primary waimeae, Pteralyxia sp., Zanthoxylum critical habitat for Solanum constituent elements of critical habitat sp., Kokia kauaiensis, Rauvolfia sandwicense on Kauai. Within these for Zanthoxylum hawaiiense are the sandwicensis, Myrsine lanaiensis, units, the currently known primary habitat components that provide: (1) Canthium odoratum, Canavalia sp., constituent elements of critical habitat Mesic Metrosideros polymorpha or Alyxia oliviformis, Nesoluma are habitat components that provide: (1) Diospyros sandwicensis lowland dry polynesicum, Munroidendron Open, sunny areas (a) in diverse forest with Nestegis sandwicensis and racemosum, Caesalpinia kauaiense, lowland or montane mesic or wet forests Pleomele auwaiensis and containing one Tetraplasandra sp., Pouteria and (b) containing one or more of the or more of the following associated sandwicensis, or Bobea timonioides; following associated plants: Alphitonia native species: Pisonia sp., Xylosma and (2) elevations between 360 to 1,070 ponderosa, Ilex anomala, Xylosma sp., hawaiiensis, Santalum ellipticum, m (1,180 to 3,510 ft). Athyrium sandwicensis, Syzygium Alphitonia ponderosa, Osteomeles ii. Molokai units G, H and I, identified sandwicensis, Bidens cosmoides, anthylidifolia, Alectryon macrococcus, in the legal descriptions in paragraph Dianella sandwicensis, Poa Charpentiera sp., Melicope sp., Dodonea (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitute siphonoglossa, Carex meyenii, Hedyotis viscosa, Streblus pendulinus, Myrsine critical habitat for Alectryon sp., Coprosma sp., Dubautia sp., lanaiensis, and Sophora chrysophylla; macrococcus on Molokai. Within this Pouteria sandwicensis, Cryptocarya and (2) elevations between 182 and 256 unit the currently known primary mannii, Acacia koa, Metrosideros m (600 and 840 ft). constituent elements of critical habitat polymorpha, Dicranopteris linearis, for Alectryon macrococcus are the Psychotria sp., or Melicope sp.; and (2) Family Santalaceae: Exocarpos luteolus habitat components that provide: (1) Dry elevations between 760 and 1,220 m (heau) or talus slopes or gulches—(a) in dry or (2,500 and 4,000 ft). Kauai G, H, I, L, and S, identified in mesic lowland forests and (b) containing Family Urticaceae: Neraudia sericea (No the legal descriptions in paragraph one or more of the following associated common name) (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute native plant species: Dodonea viscosa, critical habitat for Exocarpos luteolus on Nestegis sandwicensis, Nothocestrum Molokai unit G, identified in the legal Kauai. Within these units, the currently sp., Pleomele sp., Psychotria sp., description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F) of known primary constituent elements of Streblus pendulinus, Myrsine sp., or this section constitutes critical habitat critical habitat are habitat components Lipochaeta sp.; and (2) elevations for Neraudia sericea on Molokai. Within that provide: (1) Wet places bordering between 360 and 1,070 m (1,181 and this unit the currently known primary swamps; open, dry ridges (a) in lowland 3,510 ft). constituent elements of critical habitat or montane Metrosideros polymorpha for Neraudia sericea are the habitat dominated wet forest communities and Family Solanaceae: Nothocestrum components that provide: (1) Lowland (b) containing one or more of the peltatum (‘aiea) dry to mesic Metrosideros polymorpha- following native plant species: Acacia Kauai G and I, identified in the legal Dodonaea viscosa-Styphelia koa, Cheirodendron trigynum, Pouteria descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of tameiameiae shrubland or forest and sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, this section, constitute critical habitat containing one or more of the following Pleomele aurea, Psychotria mariniana, for Nothocestrum peltatum on Kauai. associated native species: Sida fallax, Psychotria greenwelliae, Bobea brevipes, Within these units, the currently known Diospyros sandwicensis, Bobea sp., Hedyotis terminalis, Elaeocarpus primary constituent elements of critical Coprosma sp., and Hedyotis sp.; and (2) bifidus, Melicope haupuensis, Dubautia habitat are habitat components that between 670 and 1,370 m (2,200 and laevigata, Dianella sandwicensis, Poa provide: (1) Rich soil on steep slopes (a) 4,500 ft) in elevation. sandvicensis, Schiedea stellarioides, in montane or lowland mesic or wet Family Violaceae: Isodendrion Peperomia macraeana, Claoxylon forest dominated by Acacia koa or a laurifolium (aupaka) sandwicense, Santalum freycinetianum, mixture of Acacia koa and Metrosideros Styphelia tameiameiae, or Dicranopteris polymorpha, and (b) containing one or Kauai G, I, and U, identified in the linearis; and (2) elevations between 475 more of the following associated native legal descriptions in paragraph and 1,290 m (1,560 and 4,220 ft). plant species: Antidesma sp., (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute Dicranopteris linearis, Bobea brevipes, critical habitat for Isodendrion Family Sapindaceae: Alectryon Elaeocarpus bifidus, Alphitonia laurifolium on Kauai. Within these macrococcus (mahoe) ponderosa, Melicope anisata, M. units, the currently known primary i. Kauai G, I, and U, identified in the barbigera, M. haupuensis, Pouteria constituent elements of critical habitat legal descriptions in paragraph sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, are habitat components that provide: (1) (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute Dianella sandwicensis, Tetraplasandra Diverse mesic or wet forest (a) critical habitat for Alectryon kauaiensis, Claoxylon sandwicensis, dominated by Metrosideros macrococcus on Kauai. Within these Cheirodendron trigynum, Psychotria polymorpha, Acacia koa, or Diospyros units, the currently known primary mariniana, P. greenwelliae, Hedyotis sp. and (b) containing one or more of the constituent elements of critical habitat terminalis, Ilex anomala, Xylosma sp., following associated native plant

VerDate 112000 18:18 Dec 28, 2000 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\29DEP2.SGM pfrm10 PsN: 29DEP2 83216 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 251 / Friday, December 29, 2000 / Proposed Rules species: Kokia kauaiensis, Streblus sp., on Kauai. Within this unit, the currently for Diellia pallida on Kauai. Within Elaeocarpus bifidus, Canthium known primary constituent elements of these units, the currently known odoratum, Antidesma sp., Xylosma critical habitat are habitat components primary constituent elements of critical hawaiiense, Hedyotis terminalis, that provide: (1) Open montane bog or habitat are habitat components that Pisonia sp., Nestegis sandwicensis, wet shrubland containing one or more provide: (1) Bare soil on steep, rocky, Dodonaea viscosa, Euphorbia of the following native plant species: dry slopes (a) in lowland mesic forests haeleeleana, Pleomele sp., Pittosporum Dicranopteris linearis, Diplopterygium and (b) containing one or more of the sp., Melicope sp., Claoxylon pinnatum, Syzygium sandwicensis, or following native plant species: Acacia sandwicense, Alphitonia ponderosa, Metrosideros polymorpha; and (2) koa, Alectryon macrococcus, Antidesma Myrsine lanaiensis, or Pouteria elevations between 640 and 865 m platyphyllum, Metrosideros sandwicensis; and (2) elevations (2,100 and 2,840 ft). polymorpha, Myrsine lanaiensis, between 490 and 820 m (1,600 and (B) Ferns and Allies. 2,700 ft). Zanthoxylum dipetalum, Family Aspleniaceae: Ctenitis Tetraplasandra kauaiensis, Psychotria Family Violaceae: Isodendrion squamigera (pauoa) mariniana, Carex meyenii, Diospyros longifolium (aupaka) Molokai unit N, identified in the legal hillebrandii, Hedyotis knudsenii, Kauai F, G, L, M, and P, identified in description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(F) of Canthium odoratum, Pteralyxia the legal descriptions in paragraph this section constitutes critical habitat kauaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute for Ctenitis squamigera on Molokai. Alyxia olivaeformis, Wilkesia critical habitat for Isodendrion Within this unit the currently known gymnoxiphium, Alphitonia ponderosa, longifolium on Kauai. Within these primary constituent elements of critical Styphelia tameiameiae, or Rauvolfia units, the currently known primary habitat for Ctenitis squamigera are the sandwicensis; and (2) elevations constituent elements of critical habitat habitat components that provide: (1) between 530 to 915 m (1,700 to 3,000 ft). are habitat components that provide: (1) Mesic forest containing one or more of Steep slopes, gulches, or stream banks the following associated native plant Family Grammitidaceae: Adenophorus (a) in mesic or wet Metrosideros taxa: Metrosideros polymorpha, Myrsine periens (pendant kihi fern) polymorpha forests and (b) containing lessertiana, Diospyros sandwicensis, one or more of the following native Nestegis sandwicensis, Xylosma Kauai F, G, K, L, P, and R, identified species: Dicranopteris linearis, Eugenia hawaiiense, Pouteria sandwicensis, in the legal descriptions in paragraph sp., Diospyros sp., Pritchardia sp., Nephrolepis exaltata, Carex meyenii, (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, constitute Canthium odoratum, Melicope sp., Dryopteris unidentata, or Pleomele critical habitat for Adenophorus periens Cheirodendron sp., Ilex anomala, auwahiensis; and (2) an elevation of on Kauai. Within these units, the Pipturus sp., Hedyotis fluviatilis, approximately 865 m (254 ft). currently known primary constituent elements of critical habitat are habitat Peperomia sp., Bidens sp., Nestegis Family Aspleniaceae: Diellia erecta (No sandwicensis, Cyanea hardyi, Syzygium common name) components that provide: (1) Well- sp., Cibotium sp., Bobea brevipes, developed, closed canopy that provides Antidesma sp., Cyrtandra sp., Hedyotis Molokai units G and R, identified in deep shade or high humidity (a) in terminalis, Peperomia sp., Perrottetia the legal descriptions in paragraph Metrosideros polymorpha-Cibotium sandwicensis, Pittosporum sp., or (a)(1)(i)(F) of this section constitute glaucum lowland wet forests, open critical habitat for Diellia erecta on Psychotria sp.; and (2) elevations Metrosideros polymorpha montane wet Molokai. Within this unit the currently between 410 to 760 m (1,345 to 2,500 ft). forest, or Metrosideros polymorpha- known primary constituent elements of Family Violaceae: Viola helenae (no critical habitat for Diellia erecta are the Dicranopteris linearis lowland wet common name) habitat components that provide: (1) forest, and (b) containing one or more of Kauai L, identified in the legal Mixed mesic forest or mesic Diospyros the following native plant species: description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of sandwicensis forest containing one or Athyrium sandwicensis, Broussaisia sp., this section, constitutes critical habitat more of the following associated native Cheirodendron trigynum, Cyanea sp., for Viola helenae on Kauai. Within this plant species: Alyxia oliviformis, Cyrtandra sp., Dicranopteris linearis, unit, the currently known primary Metrosideros polymorpha, Bobea sp., Freycinetia arborea, Hedyotis constituent elements of critical habitat Coprosma foliosa, Dodonea viscosa, terminalis, Labordia hirtella, are habitat components that provide: (1) Dryopteris unidentata, Myrsine sp., Machaerina angustifolia, Psychotria sp., Stream banks or adjacent valley bottoms Ochrosia comta, Dubautia linearis ssp. Psychotria hexandra, or Syzygium with light to moderate shade in opposita, Psychotria sp., Pleomele sandwicensis; and (2) elevations Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris auwahiensis, Sophora chrysophylla, between 400 and 1,265 m (1,310 and linearis lowland wet forest; and (2) Styphelia tameiameiae, Syzygium 4,150 ft). elevations between 610–855 m (2,000– sandwicensis, or Wikstroemia sp.; and * * * * * 2,800 ft). (2) elevations between 210 and 1,490 m (700 and 4,900 ft). Dated: November 30, 2000. Family Violaceae: Viola kauaiensis var. Kenneth L. Smith, wahiawaensis (nani wai‘ale‘ale) Family Aspleniaceae: Diellia pallida (no common name) Acting Assistant Secretary for Fish and Kauai L, identified in the legal Wildlife and Parks. description in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of Kauai G and I, identified in the legal [FR Doc. 00–31079 Filed 12–28–00; 8:45 am] this section, constitutes critical habitat descriptions in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of for Viola kauaiensis var. wahiawaensis this section, constitute critical habitat BILLING CODE 4310±55±P

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