DOCSLIB.ORG

New Records of the Horned Pitviper, Protobothrops Cornutus (Smith, 1930) (Serpentes: Viperidae), from Vietnam with Comments on Morphological Variation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New Records of the Horned Pitviper, Protobothrops Cornutus (Smith, 1930) (Serpentes: Viperidae), from Vietnam with Comments on Morphological Variation Herpetology Notes, volume 8: 149-152 (2015) (published online on 10 April 2015) New records of the Horned Pitviper, Protobothrops cornutus (Smith, 1930) (Serpentes: Viperidae), from Vietnam with comments on morphological variation Vinh Quang Luu1,3,4,*, Truong Quang Nguyen2, Tanja Lehmann3, Michael Bonkowski4 and Thomas Ziegler3,4 The Horned Pitviper, Protobothrops cornutus (Smith, Protobothrops cornutus (Smith, 1930), Horned Pit 1930), is a limestone karst inhabitant and this species Viper / Ran luc sung (Fig. 1). has been recorded from southern China (Guangdong Specimens examined (n = 2). Zoological collections and Guangxi provinces) and some provinces in of the Vietnam Forestry University, Hanoi, Vietnam: northern and central Vietnam (Lao Cai, Lang Son, Ha VFU A.2014.7, adult female, collected by V. Q. Luu Giang, Quang Binh, and Thua Thien-Hue) (Ziegler & on 27 March 2014 from Ma Yen limestone mountain Herrmann, 2002; Nguyen et al., 2009). P. cornutus is (20°17.078’N, 105°54.303’E; elevation 59 m a.s.l.), listed as Near Threatened in the IUCN Red List because Hoa Lu District, Ninh Binh Province and of the Institute of habitat degradation and its small and strongly of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam: disjunct subpopulations within its range (IUCN, IEBR A.2013.115, adult male, collected by T. Q. 2014). We herein provide two new provincial records Nguyen and C. T. Pham on 13 October 2011 near Ban of P. cornutus from limestone karst forests of Hoa Lu Coong Village (22°43.199’N, 106°39.359’E; elevation District, Ninh Binh Province and Ha Lang District, Cao 443 m a.s.l.), Duc Quang Commune, Ha Lang District, Bang Province, northern Vietnam. Based on the new Cao Bang Province. findings from northern Vietnam and a considerable Morphological characters of the specimens agreed number of specimens photographed from central and well with the description of Herrmann et al. (2004). northern Vietnam we also report about variation in color Total length 525-663 mm (snout-vent length 460 mm, pattern of P. cornutus. tail length 65 mm in the female; snout-vent length 510 mm, tail length 126 mm in the male); head width 12.6- 13.2 mm; head length 18.8-20.1 mm; body elongated; head triangular, distinguished from neck, flat, covered by small scales; snout obtuse; rostral scale triangular, not visible above; nasal single, subrectangular; loreals 3, between nasal and preocular scale; loreal pit bordered by second supralabial and two preocular 1 Department of Wildlife, Faculty of Forest Resources and scales; supralabials 10, first completely separated from Environmental Management, Vietnam Forestry University, nasal, third supralabial largest, concave in the middle; Xuan Mai, Chuong My, Hanoi, Vietnam. E-mail: qvinhfuv@ yahoo.com.au circumoculars 13; supraoculars 6; interoculars 14; horns 2 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam including two enlarged scales and two relatively enlarged Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, supraoculars; supralabials separated from suboculars by Hanoi, Vietnam. E-mail: [email protected] 2 scales; infralabials 10-14; dorsal scale rows 21:21:15 3 AG Zoologischer Garten Köln, Riehler Strasse 173, D-50735 in the female, 21:19:15 in the male, keeled; ventral Cologne, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] scales 191 in the male and 202 in the female plus one 4 Zoological Institute, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany. E-mail: m.bonkowski@ preventral; subcaudal scales 71 in the female and 75 in uni-koeln.de the male plus a spine at tail tip, all paired; cloacal entire. * Corresponding Author. E-mail: [email protected] Coloration in life: Dorsal head grey with dark brown 150 Luu, Q. V. et al. Figure 1. Horned Pit Viper (Protobothrops cornutus): A) the adult female in life from Ninh Binh Province (VFU A.2014.7); B) the adult male in life from Cao Bang Province (IEBR A.2013.115); C) ventral view and D) dorsal view of the adult female (VFU A.2014.7) in preservative. Photos: V. Q. Luu and T. Q. Nguyen. marks; one stripe each side from posterior of the orbit grey to dark brown. Based on a series of photographs to edge of the labial; dorsal surface grey-brown with available from Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park, serial blotches along the midbody; dorsolateral side where the species is common (see Ziegler et al. 2007), light brown; ventral surface greyish-blue; tip of the tail and Ha Giang Province, an overview of color pattern yellowish brown variation is shown in Fig. 2. Sexual dimorphism. The female differs from the male Distribution. This species has been known from by having more dorsal scale rows at midbody (21 vs. southern China (Guangdong and Guangxi provinces) 19 in the male) and more ventral scales (202 vs. 191 in and northern and central Vietnam (Lai Chau, Lao Cai, the male). Dorsal surface of the male marked with dark Ha Giang, Lang Son, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, brown blotches, somewhat broadened and irregularly and Thue Thien - Hue provinces) (Nguyen et al. 2009). arranged posteriorly (grey blotches along midbody in This is the first record of the species from Cao Bang and the female). Ninh Binh provinces in Vietnam (Fig. 3). Morphological variation. The female specimen of P. Natural history notes. The male (IEBR A.2013.115) cornutus from Ninh Binh Province differs from those in specimen was collected at night, hanging on a tree previous descriptions of the species by a higher ventral branch, about 0.5 m above the ground, near the forest scale count (202 vs. 191 in the female holotype from path, the surrounding habitat was mixed forest of small Lao Cai Province and 190 in the male specimen from hardwood, shrub, and bamboo. The female (VFU Quang Binh Province) (see Herrmann et al. 2004). A.2014.7) was found at 21:15 lying on a limestone Dorsal color pattern is also various from yellowish stone in a disturbed karst forest (see Fig. 4). The female New records of Protobothrops cornutus from Vietnam 151 Figure 2. Color patterns of Protobothrops cornutus: A, B, C, D) from Quang Binh Province and E, F) from Ha Giang Province. Photos : T. Ziegler and Q. K. Le. specimen from Ninh Binh Province was found at an Acknowledgements. We thank the directorate of the Forest elevation of 59 m; this is the lowest recorded elevation Protection Departments of Cao Bang and Ninh Binh provinces of the species in Vietnam: 2000 m in Lao Cai Province, for issuing relevant permits. TQN thanks C. T. Pham and D. T. Le for assistance in the field. We thank E. Sterling (New York) 1400 m in Thua Thien - Hue Province, 150 m from and K. Koy (Berkeley) for providing the map, Q. K. Le (Hanoi) Quang Binh Province, and 443 m in Cao Bang Province for providing photographs. Field survey in Cao Bang Province (Herrmann et al., 2002; Le & Ziegler, 2009). was funded by the Nagao Natural Environment Foundation 152 Luu, Q. V. et al. (Japan). Research of T. Q. Nguyen in Germany was funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung/Foundation (VIE 1143441). Research of V. Q. Luu in Germany is funded by the Ministry of Education and Training of Vietnam (MOET, Project 911) and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). References Herrmann, H.-W., Ziegler, T., Malhotra, A., Thorpe, R.S., Parkinson, C. (2004): Redescription and systematics of Trimeresurus cornutus (Serpentes: Viperidae) based on morphology and molecular data. Herpetologica 60: 211–221. IUCN (2014): The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version (2014.2.). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 14 September 2014. Le, K.Q., Ziegler , T. (2009): Geographic Distribution: Protobothrops cornutus (Smith’s horned pit viper). - Herpetological Review 40: 115. Figure 3. Distribution map of Protobothrops cornutus with Nguyen, V.S., Ho, T.C., Nguyen, Q.T. (2009): Herpetofauna of two new records (red circles) from Cao Bang (above) and Vietnam. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. Uetz, P., Hošek, J. (eds., 2014): The Reptile Database. Available Ninh Binh (below) provinces, northern Vietnam. at: http://www.reptile-database.org. Last accessed 9 September 2014. Ziegler, T., Hendrix, R., Vu, N.T., Vogt, M., Forster, B., Dang, N.K. (2007): The diversity of a snake community in a karst forest ecosystem in the central Truong Son, Vietnam, with an identification key. Zootaxa 1493: 1-40. Figure 4. Microhabitat of Protobothrops cornutus from Hoa Lu limestone mountain, Ninh Binh Province, northern Vietnam. Photo: V. Q. Luu. Accepted by Zoltàn Nagy.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Venomics of Trimeresurus (Popeia) Nebularis, the Cameron Highlands Pit Viper from Malaysia: Insights Into Venom Proteome, Toxicity and Neutralization of Antivenom
    toxins Article Venomics of Trimeresurus (Popeia) nebularis, the Cameron Highlands Pit Viper from Malaysia: Insights into Venom Proteome, Toxicity and Neutralization of Antivenom Choo Hock Tan 1,*, Kae Yi Tan 2 , Tzu Shan Ng 2, Evan S.H. Quah 3 , Ahmad Khaldun Ismail 4 , Sumana Khomvilai 5, Visith Sitprija 5 and Nget Hong Tan 2 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2 Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; [email protected] (K.Y.T.); [email protected] (T.S.N.); [email protected] (N.H.T.) 3 School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia; [email protected] 4 Department of Emergency Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; [email protected] 5 Thai Red Cross Society, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (V.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 31 December 2018; Accepted: 30 January 2019; Published: 6 February 2019 Abstract: Trimeresurus nebularis is a montane pit viper that causes bites and envenomation to various communities in the central highland region of Malaysia, in particular Cameron’s Highlands. To unravel the venom composition of this species, the venom proteins were digested by trypsin and subjected to nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for proteomic profiling. Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP) dominated the venom proteome by 48.42% of total venom proteins, with a characteristic distribution of P-III: P-II classes in a ratio of 2:1, while P-I class was undetected.
    [Show full text]
  • Antimicrobial Peptides in Reptiles
    Pharmaceuticals 2014, 7, 723-753; doi:10.3390/ph7060723 OPEN ACCESS pharmaceuticals ISSN 1424-8247 www.mdpi.com/journal/pharmaceuticals Review Antimicrobial Peptides in Reptiles Monique L. van Hoek National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, MS1H8, 10910 University Blvd, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-703-993-4273; Fax: +1-703-993-7019. Received: 6 March 2014; in revised form: 9 May 2014 / Accepted: 12 May 2014 / Published: 10 June 2014 Abstract: Reptiles are among the oldest known amniotes and are highly diverse in their morphology and ecological niches. These animals have an evolutionarily ancient innate-immune system that is of great interest to scientists trying to identify new and useful antimicrobial peptides. Significant work in the last decade in the fields of biochemistry, proteomics and genomics has begun to reveal the complexity of reptilian antimicrobial peptides. Here, the current knowledge about antimicrobial peptides in reptiles is reviewed, with specific examples in each of the four orders: Testudines (turtles and tortosises), Sphenodontia (tuataras), Squamata (snakes and lizards), and Crocodilia (crocodilans). Examples are presented of the major classes of antimicrobial peptides expressed by reptiles including defensins, cathelicidins, liver-expressed peptides (hepcidin and LEAP-2), lysozyme, crotamine, and others. Some of these peptides have been identified and tested for their antibacterial or antiviral activity; others are only predicted as possible genes from genomic sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis of the reptile genomes is presented, revealing many predicted candidate antimicrobial peptides genes across this diverse class. The study of how these ancient creatures use antimicrobial peptides within their innate immune systems may reveal new understandings of our mammalian innate immune system and may also provide new and powerful antimicrobial peptides as scaffolds for potential therapeutic development.
    [Show full text]
  • Protobothrops Mucrosquamatus Bites to the Head: Clinical Spectrum from Case Series
    Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 99(3), 2018, pp. 753–755 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0220 Copyright © 2018 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Protobothrops mucrosquamatus Bites to the Head: Clinical Spectrum from Case Series Ying-Tse Yeh,1 Min-Hui Chen,2 Julia Chia-Yu Chang,1,3 Ju-Sing Fan,1,3 David Hung-Tsang Yen,1,3 and Yen-Chia Chen1,3,4* 1Emergency Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 2Jin-Kang Clinic, New Taipei, Taiwan; 3Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 4National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan Abstract. Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus) is a medically important species of pit viper with a wide geographic distribution in Southeast Asia. Bites by P. mucrosquamatus mostly involve the extremities. Little is known about the toxic effects of P. mucrosquamatus envenoming to the head because of the infrequency of such occurrence. To better delineate the clinical manifestations of envenoming to the head, we report three patients who suffered from P. mucrosquamatus bites to the head and were treated successfully. All three patients developed pro- gressive soft tissue swelling extending from head to neck, with two patients expanding further onto the anterior chest wall. Mild thrombocytopenia was noted in two patients. One patient had transient acute renal impairment and airway ob- struction, necessitating emergent intubation. All three patients received high doses of species-specific antivenom with recovery within 1 week. No adverse reactions to antivenom were observed. INTRODUCTION PATIENT 1 The genus Protobothrops of venomous pit vipers (crota- A 65-year-old male with history of hypertension was bitten lines) contains 14 terrestrial species in Asia.1 Protobothrops to the head by P.
    [Show full text]
  • Hidden Himalayas: Asia's Wonderland
    REPORT LIVING HIMALAYAS 2015 HIDDEN HIMALAYAS: ASIA’S WONDERLAND New species discoveries in the Eastern Himalayas, Volume II 2009-2014 WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organisations, with over 5 million supporters and a global network active in more than 100 countries. WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by: conserving the world’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. Written and designed by Christian Thompson (consultant), with Sami Tornikoski, Phuntsho Choden and Sonam Choden (WWF Living Himalayas Initiative). Published in 2015 by WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund). © Text 2015 WWF All rights reserved Front cover A new species of dwarf snakehead fish (Channa andrao) © Henning Strack Hansen For more information Please contact: Phuntsho Choden Communications Manager WWF Living Himalayas Initiative [email protected] MINISTER MINISTER FOREWORD Minister for Agriculture and Forests, Bhutan The importance of the Eastern Himalayas as a biodiversity hotspot is well known. Endowed with exceptionally rich flora and fauna, the region is truly a conservation jewel. Therefore, to learn that 211 new species have been discovered in the Eastern Himalayas between 2009 and 2014 further enhances that reputation. The Royal Government of Bhutan is truly delighted to know that at least 15 of the new species were found in Bhutan alone. This is indeed an indication of how much there is still to be explored and found from our incredible region.
    [Show full text]
  • A Biogeographic Synthesis of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Indochina
    BAIN & HURLEY: AMPHIBIANS OF INDOCHINA & REPTILES & HURLEY: BAIN Scientific Publications of the American Museum of Natural History American Museum Novitates A BIOGEOGRAPHIC SYNTHESIS OF THE Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF INDOCHINA Publications Committee Robert S. Voss, Chair Board of Editors Jin Meng, Paleontology Lorenzo Prendini, Invertebrate Zoology RAOUL H. BAIN AND MARTHA M. HURLEY Robert S. Voss, Vertebrate Zoology Peter M. Whiteley, Anthropology Managing Editor Mary Knight Submission procedures can be found at http://research.amnh.org/scipubs All issues of Novitates and Bulletin are available on the web from http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace Order printed copies from http://www.amnhshop.com or via standard mail from: American Museum of Natural History—Scientific Publications Central Park West at 79th Street New York, NY 10024 This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (permanence of paper). AMNH 360 BULLETIN 2011 On the cover: Leptolalax sungi from Van Ban District, in northwestern Vietnam. Photo by Raoul H. Bain. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY A BIOGEOGRAPHIC SYNTHESIS OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF INDOCHINA RAOUL H. BAIN Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology) and Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History Life Sciences Section Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON Canada MARTHA M. HURLEY Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History Global Wildlife Conservation, Austin, TX BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 360, 138 pp., 9 figures, 13 tables Issued November 23, 2011 Copyright E American Museum of Natural History 2011 ISSN 0003-0090 CONTENTS Abstract.........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Protobothrops Mangshanensis Bite: First Clinical Report of Envenoming and Its Treatment Jiri Valenta, Zdenek Stach, Michal Otahal
    Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2012 Jun; 156(2):183–185. Protobothrops mangshanensis bite: first clinical report of envenoming and its treatment Jiri Valenta, Zdenek Stach, Michal Otahal Aim. This case report presents envenoming by the Chinese pit viper Protobothrops mangshanensis (formerly Zhaoermia) and its treatment. Methods. A 38 year old snake breeder suffered two-fang bites to elbow by a Chinese pit viper Protobothrops mangsha- nensis resulting in local edema of the affected arm. No other signs of envenoming appeared. On the 5th day following the bite a hematoma developed on the other arm which had been mechanically injured 14 days before. Laboratory testing revealed severe coagulopathy with hypofibrinogenemia and immeasurably prolonged coagulation times. Results. As substitution therapy with fibrinogen and fresh frozen plasma was unsuccessful and specific antivenom is not produced, antivenin against some other Asian pit vipers GREEN PIT VIPER ANTIVENIN, Thai Red Cross, Thailand was applied. Three doses of antivenom reversed the course of the hemocoagulation disorder. Conclusion. The case confirms the persistence of active venom components affecting coagulation, difficulty in ame- liorating the hemocoagulatin disorder caused by snake venom through substitution therapy and the effectiveness of delayed treatment using antivenin. It points out the potential risk of a clinically asymptomatic progress of envenoming by snake venoms containing hemocoagulation acting components, if the hemocoagulation disorder is not investigated and suitably treated. Therapy using the GREEN PIT VIPER ANTIVENIN, Thai Red Cross, Thailand in this case of enven- omation by a Protobothrops mangshanensis bite proved to be applicable and the antivenom could be characterised as a paraspecific active.
    [Show full text]
  • Cop16 Prop. 27
    Original language: English CoP16 Prop. 27 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Sixteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Bangkok (Thailand), 3-14 March 2013 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II A. Proposal To include all populations of the unlisted yet endangered Protobothrops mangshanensis (Zhao, 1990), endemic to China to Appendix II of CITES. a) in accordance with Resolution Conf. 9.24 (Rev. CoP14), Annex 2a, criteria B, it is necessary to regulate the international trade in Protobothrops mangshanensis (Zhao, 1990) to ensure that its wild population is not reduced by stress from over-harvest for pet collection. B. Proponent China*. C. Supporting statement 1. Taxonomy 1.1 Class: REPTILIA 1.2 Order: SERPENTES 1.3 Family: Viperidae 1.4 Genus, species: Protobothrops mangshanensis 1.5 Scientific synonyms: Trimeresurus mangshanensis, Ermia mangshanensis, Zhaoermia mangshanensis 1.6 Common names: English: Mangshan pit viper, Mt. Mang pit viper Chinese: 1.7 Code numbers: N/A 2. Overview The purpose of this proposal is to list Protobothrops mangshanensis into Appendix II of CITES. The first specimen of the snake was found in Mt. Mang (112°43’～113°0’ E，24°52’～25°23’ N) in 1989. Zhao and Chen (1990) described and named the type specimen as Trimeresurus mangshanensis. Zhang (1993) pointed out the snake had some unique characters in skull morphology and should be designated to a * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat or the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Short Note Protobothrops Mucrosquamatus (Cantor, 1839), a Highly Venomous Species Added to the Snake Fauna of Thailand (Squamata: Viperidae)
    Tropical Natural History 17(2): 111-115, October 2017 2017 by Chulalongkorn University Short Note Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Cantor, 1839), a Highly Venomous Species Added to the Snake Fauna of Thailand (Squamata: Viperidae) TAKSA VASARUCHAPONG1*, PANITHI LAOUNGBUA1, KULAPOL TANGRATTANAPIBUL2, TANAPONG TAWAN1 AND LAWAN CHANHOME1 1 Snake farm, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, THAILAND 2 Nan Hospital, Nan Province 55000, THAILAND * Corresponding Author: Taksa Vasaruchapong ([email protected]) Received: 16 June 2017; Accepted: 12 September 2017 The Brown spotted pitviper, and Zhejiang.), Taiwan, and Vietnam (north Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Cantor, and centre)1,2,3,4,5,6,7. This species has been 1839) is a well-known venomous snake of cited from Bangladesh7 but we could not the family Viperidae, subfamily Crotalinae, find any authentified reference. that has wide distribution in Asia, including Thailand is located out of the main Northeast India (states of Arunachal known range of this species, mostly Indo- Pradesh, Mizoram, and Nagaland), Himalayan and Chinese. This report Myanmar (north: Kachin State), Laos presents the first record of Protobothrops (centre: Khammouan Province), China mucrosquamatus, known as the Brown (widespread in the south, centre and east: spotted pitviper, from Thailand. A female provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, was obtained from Ban Luang district, Nan Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Province, in northern Thailand (Fig. 1). The Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan specimen was killed after having bitten a FIGURE 1. (Red) Previous reported distribution of Protobothrops mucrosquamatus; (Green) Nan province, new distribution area in this report. 112 TROPICAL NATURAL HISTORY. 17(2), OCTOBER 2017 FIGURE 2.
    [Show full text]
  • In Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya, India
    HTTPS://JOURNALS.KU.EDU/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSREPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 27(3):508–511189 • DEC 2020 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE NotesARTICLES on Asian Glass Lizards, . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: On the RoadDopasia to Understanding the Ecology gracilis and Conservation of the Midwest’s(Gray Giant Serpent ......................1845), Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: inA HypotheticalDarjeeling-Sikkim Excursion ............................................................................................................................ Himalaya,Robert W. Henderson India 198 RESEARCH ARTICLES . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and WesternAditya Texas Pradhan .......................1 and Emily Rujas Henry, Yonle Jason Brewer,2 Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida 1 .............................................Ashoka Trust for ResearchBrian in J.Ecology Camposano, and Kenneth the Environment, L. Krysko, Kevin Regional M. Enge, Office Ellen M.Eastern Donlan, Himalaya-Northeast and Michael Granatosky India, 212 NH 10 Tadong, Gangtok-737102, Sikkim, India ([email protected]) 2DepartmentCONSERVATION of Zoology, Environmental ALERT Biology Laboratory, Darjeeling Government College, Darjeeling 734101, West Bengal, India . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...............................................................................................................................([email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Prohibited Reptiles by Common Name -848 Species
    List of Controlled Alien Species Prohibited Reptiles by Common Name -848 species- (Updated December 2012) Common Name Family Genus Species Crocodilia (Crocodiles, Alligators, Caimans, and Gharials) Crocodylidae Alligators Alligator, American Crocodylidae Alligator mississippiensis Alligator, Chinese Crocodylidae Alligator sinensis Caimans Caiman, Black Crocodylidae Melanosuchus niger Caiman, Broad-Snouted Crocodylidae Caiman latirostris Caiman, Cuvier's Dwarf Crocodylidae Paleosuchus palpebrosus Caiman, Spectacled Crocodylidae Caiman crocodilus Caiman, Yacare Crocodylidae Caiman yacare Crocodiles Crocodile, African Slender-Snouted Crocodylidae Mecistops cataphractus Crocodile, American Crocodylidae Crocodylus acutus Crocodile, Belize (also Morelet's) Crocodylidae Crocodylus moreletii Crocodile, Cuban Crocodylidae Crocodylus rhombifer Crocodile, Estuarine (also Freshwater) Crocodylidae Crocodylus porosus Crocodile, Johnston's Crocodylidae Crocodylus johnsoni Crocodile, Marsh (also Mugger) Crocodylidae Crocodylus palustris Crocodile, New Guinea Crocodylidae Crocodylus novaeguineae Crocodile, Nile Crocodylidae Crocodylus niloticus Crocodile, Orinoco Crocodylidae Crocodylus intermedius Crocodile, Philippine Crocodylidae Crocodylus mindorensis Crocodile, Siamese Crocodylidae Crocodylus siamensis Page 1 of 33 Controlled Alien Species – Prohibited Reptiles by Common Name Common Name Family Genus Species Gharials Gharial Crocodylidae Gavialis gangeticus Gharial , False Crocodylidae Tomistoma schlegelii Dwarf Crocodiles Dwarf Crocodile, African
    [Show full text]
  • WHO Guidelines for the Production, Control and Regulation of Snake Antivenom Immunoglobulins
    Post ECBS version ENGLISH ONLY EXPERT COMMITTEE ON BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION Geneva, 17 to 21 October 2016 WHO Guidelines for the Production, Control and Regulation of Snake Antivenom Immunoglobulins © World Health Organization 2016 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Sodium Silicate Complex Against Hemorrhagic Activities Induced by Protobothrops Mucrosquamatus Venom
    toxins Article Effects of Sodium Silicate Complex against Hemorrhagic Activities Induced by Protobothrops mucrosquamatus Venom Yen-Chia Chen 1,2,3, Tse-Yao Wang 1,2 , Yu-Kai Huang 4,5,6, Kun-Che Chang 7,8 , Min-Hui Chen 9, Chien-Chun Liu 10 , Kuei-Lin Liu 11, Ya-Han Yang 12, David Hung-Tsang Yen 1,2,3 and Ju-Sing Fan 1,2,* 1 Emergency Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; [email protected] (Y.-C.C.); [email protected] (T.-Y.W.); [email protected] (D.H.-T.Y.) 2 Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan 3 Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan 4 Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; [email protected] 5 Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan 6 Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan 7 Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; [email protected] 8 Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA 9 Enkang Clinic, 3F, 88, Baozhong Rd., Xindian Dist, New Taipei 23144, Taiwan; [email protected] 10 Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; [email protected] 11 Faculty of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; [email protected] 12 School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Citation: Chen, Y.-C.; Wang, T.-Y.; [email protected] Huang, Y.-K.; Chang, K.-C.; Chen, * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-228-757-628; Fax: +886-228-738-013 M.-H.; Liu, C.-C.; Liu, K.-L.; Yang, Y.-H.; Yen, D.H.; Fan, J.-S.
    [Show full text]