LANETARI Journal of the International Planetarium Vol

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

LANETARI Journal of the International Planetarium Vol LANETARI Journal of the International Planetarium Vol. 28, No.4, December 1999 Articles 5 The Real, Real Constellations of the Zodiac ............ John Mosley 6 Possible Origin of the Pawnee Creation Story .... Wayne Wyrick Features 9 Book Reviews ............................................................ April Whitt 13 Technical Committee: Desert Skies Update .............. Kevin Scott 17 Gibbous Gazette ................................................. 19 Mobile News Network ................................ Reynolds Button 23 Forum: Successes and Failures .................................. Steve Tidey 27 International News ..................................................... Lars Broman 33 Planetechnica: Zoom Tune-Up ...................... Richard McColman 37 What's New ................................................................ Jim Manning 48 President's Message ...................................................... Dale Smith 61 Jane's Corner ............................................................. Jane Hastings North America Welcomes a Brilliant NelN Character in Star ShOlNs: Zeiss Fiber Optics With the dawn of the new millenni­ improve the quality of Star Shows for um, visitors of the new planetariums in audiences of the Universarium. They are Oakland, CA and New York City will also offered with the Starmaster, the experience brilliant stars produced by medium planetarium. the Carl Zeiss Universarium fiber optics Quality at the highest level which systems, Invented by Carl Zeiss, the stars you can afford. appear in their natural tiny size, but We will be happy to inform you shine with extraordinary brilliance. about how Carl Zeiss can make sure thaI Come and see this absolute pinnacle you will experience a new experience of projections of stars. Fiber optic systems Star Shows. by Carl Zeiss are not only offered to Seeing Is Believing! Carl Zeiss Planetarium Division In the U.S.& Canada D - 07740 lena cOlltact Pearl Reilly: INS TFlLJf'v'1ENT Telephone: + 49-3641 -64 24 06 1-800-726-8805 Fax: + 49-3641-64 30 23 Fax: 1-504-764-7665 E-mail: planetarium @zeiss.de E·mail: [email protected] Interne!: http://www.zeiss.delplanetariums The Planetarian (ISN 0090-3213) is published quarterly by the International Society. ©1999, International Planetarium Society. Inc .. all rights reserved. Opinions explressed e by authors are personal opinions and are not necessarily the opinions of the International etarium Society. its officers, or agents. Acceptance of advertisements. announcements. Vol. 28, No.4 material does not imply endorsement by the International Planetarium Society. its officers ecember 1999 agents. The Editor welcomes items for consideration for publication. Please consult (or "Guidelines for Contributors" printed on page 56 in the September 1997 issue and web site. The Editor reserves the right to edit any manuscript to suit this pul)lic;atio,n John Mosley IN EX F ERT Griffith Observatory 2800 E. Observatory Road Adler Planetarium ............................................................ Los Angeles, California 90027 USA Audio Visuallmagineering ........................................ ... (1) 323-664-1181 daytime phone (1) 323-663-4323 fax Bowen Productions ............................................. [email protected] Davis Planetarium ........................................................... Advertising Coordinator East Coast Control Systems ....................................... .. Sheri Barton Trbovich Evans &: Sutherland ........................................ cover The Clark Foundation POBox 9007 Goto Optical Manufacturing .............................. Salt Lake City, UT 84109-0007 USA Joe Hopkins ............................................... (1) 801-725-2771 voice (1) 801-583-5522 fax Learning Technologies, ......................................... [email protected] MegaSystems, Inc ........................................................... Membership Miami Space Transit .............. 00 ............... Individual: $40 one year; $70 two years Minneapolis .............................................. Institutional: $150 first year; $75 annual renewal Library Subscriptions: $24 one year Minolta Corporation ......................... cover Direct membership requests and changes ofaddress Pangolin laser Systems, ....................................... to the Treasurer /Membership Chairman; see next page for address and contact information. Planetarium Concert .......................... R. S. Automation ............................................................. L s. Job Information Service The IPS Job Information Service has moved to Seiler Instruments ............................. cover the World Wide Web. Please check Sky-Skan, Inc ....................................................................... the 'Jobs" page on the IPS web site, Spitz, Inc ............................................................................ http://www.ips-planetarium.org. Back Issues of the Planetarian Available from: itors Charlene Oukes IPS Back Publications Repository Strasenburgh Planetarium Lars Broman Rochester Museum & Science Center International News 657 East Avenue Jane G. Hastings Christine "-""u, ...... ,,;A<A. Rochester, NY 14607 Jane's Corner Gibbous Gaze1tte A cumulative index of major articles that have Richard McColman Steve appeared in the Planetarian from the first issue Planetechnica Forum through the current issue is available on paper ($12 ppd) or disk ($5 ppd) from the Exec. Editor. Jim Manning A shortened copy is at the Planetarian web site. What's New Deadlines Kenneth Perkins March: January 21; June: April 21 Planetarium Memories September: July 21; December: October 21 http://www.GriffithObs.org/IPSPlanetarian.html International Plane m Soci World Wide Web Home Page: http://www . ip s-pl anetari urn. org Vol. 28, No.4, December 1999 Planetarian Ie P .. S .. Officers President Executive Secretary Director del Planetario "Lic. Elections Committee Chairman Dr. Dale W. Smith Lee Ann Hennig. Planetarium Felipe Rivera" Steven Mitch BGSU Planetarium Thomas Jefferson High School Centro de Convenciones y Benedum Natural Science Physics & Astronomy Dept. 6560 Braddock Road Exposiciones de Morelia Center Bowling Green State University Alexandria, Virginia 22312 USA Av. Ventura Puente Y Oglebay Park Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA (1) 703-750-8380 Camelinas Wheeling, WV 26003 USA (1) 419-372-8666 (1) 703-750-5010 fax 58070 Morelia, Mich., Mexico (1) 304-243-4034 (1) 419-372-9938 fax [email protected] +52 (43) 14-24-65 (1) 304-243-4110 fax [email protected] +52 (43) 14-84-80 fax [email protected] Treasurer/Membership Chair http://michoacan.gob.mx/ President Elect Shawn Laatsch turismo / 3036/ cconvenciones.htm Awards Committee Chair Martin Ratcliffe. Director, Arthur Storer Planetarium [email protected] Phyllis Pitluga Theaters & Media Services 600 Dares Beach Road The Adler Planetarium Exploration Place Prince Frederick, MD 20678 Historian/Photo-Archivist 1300 S. Lake Shore Drive 711 W Douglas, Suite 101 USA John Hare Chicago, Illinois 60605 USA Wichita, KS, U.S.A. (1) 410-535-7339 Ash Enterprises (1) 312-322-0319 (1) 3162633373 [email protected] 3602 23rd Avenue West (1) 3162674545 fax Bradenton, Florida 34205 USA [email protected] IPS 2000 Conference Chair (1) 941-746-3522 International Planetarium Pierre Lacombe, Director (1) 941-750-9497 fax Put President Planetarium de Montreal [email protected] Society Thomas W. Kraupe 1000 rue Saint-Jacques O. c/o Taylor Planetarium EuroPlaNet @ ART OF SKY Montreal, gc H3C IG7 Publications Chair Museum of the Rockies Rumfordstr. 41 Canada April Whitt Montana State University D-80469 Muenchen (MUnich) (1) 5148724530 Fernbank Science Center 600 W. Kagy Blvd. Germany (1) 5148728102 Fax 156 Heaton Park Drive NE Bozeman, Montana 59717 USA 498921031531 voice [email protected] Atlanta, Georgia 30307 USA 498921031532 fax (1) 404-378-4314 ext 221 IPS Web Site: [email protected] IPS 2002 Conference Chair (1) 404-370-1336 fax http://www.ips-planetarium.org Ing. Gabriel Munoz Bedolla [email protected] I .. P. S. Affiliate Representatives Association of French-Speaking European/Mediterranean Japan Planetarium Society 600 W. Kagy Blvd. Planetariums Planetarium Association Soichi Itoh Bozeman, Montana 59717 Agnes Acker Dennis Simopoulos Suginami Science Education Center (1) 406-994-6891 Planetarium Strasbourg Eugenides Planetarium 3-3-13 Shimizu. Suginanli-ku. (1) 406-994-2682 fax Universite Louis Pasteur Syngrou Avenue-Amfithea Tokyo 167 Japan [email protected] Rue de L'Observatofre Athens. Greece (81) 3-3396-4391 6700 Strasbourg, France (30) 1-941-1181 (81) 3-3396-4393 fax 33-388212042 (30) 1-941-7372 fax [email protected] Russian Planetariums Association 33-388 212045 fax dps@eugenides_found.edu.gr Zinaida P. Sitkova acker@cdsxb6. u -strasbg.fr Middle Atlantic Planetarium Society Nizhny Novgorod Planetarium Great Lakes Planetarium Assoc. Don Knapp PokhyaIinsky SYezd 5-A Assoc. of Mexican Planetariums Susan Reynolds The Henry W. Ray Special Experi- Nizhny Novgorod, 603 001, Russia Ignacio Castro Pinal Onondaga-Cortland-Madison ence Room (7) 8312-34-21-51 Museo Technologico C.F.E. B.O.C.E.S. Planetarium McDonald Elementary School (7) 8312-36-20-61 fax Apartado Posta! 18-816 P.O. Box 4774 666 Reeves Lane [email protected] CP 11870 Mexico City, D.F. Mexico Syracuse. New York 13221 USA Warminster. PA 18974 (52) 5 5-16-13-57 (1) 315-433-2671 (1) 215 441-6154 Southeastern Planetarium
Recommended publications
  • The Hummel Planetarium Experience
    THE HUMMEL PLANETARIUM | EXPERIENCE About us: The Arnim D. Hummel Planetarium has been nestled on the south side of Eastern Kentucky University’s campus since 1988. Since then, we have provided informal science education programs to EKU students, P-12 students, as well as the community. The main theme of our programs are seated in the fields of physics and astronomy, but recent programs have explored a myriad of STEM related topics through engaging hands on experiences. Who can visit and when? We are open to the public during select weekday afternoons and evenings (seasonal) as well as most Saturdays throughout the year. The public show schedule is pre-set, and the programs serve audiences from preschool age and up. We also welcome private reservations for groups of twenty or more Mondays through Fridays during regular business hours. Examples of groups who reserve a spot include school field trips, homeschool groups, church groups, summer camps, and many more. When booking a private reservation, your group may choose which show to watch, and request a customized star talk, if needed. What happens during a visit? Most visits to the Planetarium involve viewing a pre-recorded show which is immediately followed by a live Star Talk presentation inside of the theater. A planetarium theater is unique because the viewing area is rounded into the shape of a dome instead of a flat, two-dimensional screen. The third dimension enables you, the viewer, to become immersed in the scenes displayed on the dome. A list of the pre-recorded shows we offer is found on the next page.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Astronomy Is a History of Receding Horizons.”
    UNA Planetarium Image of the Month Newsletter Vol. 2. No. 9 Sept 15, 2010 We are planning to offer some exciting events this fall, including a return of the laser shows. Our Fall Laser Shows will feature images and music of Led Zeppelin and Pink Floyd. The word laser is actually an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation”. We use many devices with lasers in them, from CD players to the mouse on your desk. What many people don’t know is that there are also natural lasers in space. The lasers in space often come from molecules (groups of one or more atoms sharing electrons); we call these masers. One of the more important one is the OH In 1987, astronomers observing from Chile observed a new star in the sky. This maser, formed by an oxygen and hydrogen exploding star, called a supernova, blazed away as the first supernova in several atom. The conditions in dense clouds that hundred years that was visible without a telescope. Ever since the Hubble Space form stars supply the requirements for telescope has been observing the ejecta of the explosion traveling through its host these masers. Radio astronomers study galaxy, called the Large Magellanic Cloud. This recent image of the exploding star these masers coming and going in these shows a 6-trillion mile diameter gas ring ejected from the star thousands of years dense clouds and even rotating around in before the explosion. Stars that will explode become unstable and lose mass into disks near their stars. This gives space, resulting in such rings.
    [Show full text]
  • Sun, Moon, and Stars
    Teacher's Guide for: Sun, Moon, and Stars OBJECTIVES: To introduce the planetarium and the night sky to the young learner. To determine what things we receive from the Sun. To see that the other stars are like our Sun, but farther away. To observe why the Moon appears to change shape and "visit" the Moon to see how it is different from the Earth. To observe the Earth from space and see that it really moves, despite the fact it looks like the Sun and stars are moving. This show conforms to the following Illinois state science standards: 12.F.1a, 12.F.1b, 12.F.2a, 12.F.2b, 12.F.2c, 12.F.3a, 12.F.3b. Next Generation Science Standards: 1.ESS1.1, 5PS2.1 BRIEF SHOW DESCRIPTION: "Sun, Moon, & Stars" is a live show for the youngest stargazers. We do a lot of pretending in the show, first by seeing what the Sun might look like both up close and from far away, and then taking an imaginary adventure to the Moon. We see the changing Moon in the sky and see how the stars in the sky make strange shapes when you connect them together. The planets can be inserted at the request of the instructor. PRE-VISIT ACTIVITIES/TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION: For the young ones, just being in the planetarium is a different experience they should "prepare" for. Discuss what it's like in a movie theater with the lights low. That's how we introduce the place. The screen goes all the way around though! Discuss the importance of the Sun.
    [Show full text]
  • The Planetarium Environment by Kevin Scott the Experience of A
    The Planetarium Environment by Kevin Scott The experience of a planetarium audience and staff is greatly affected by the basic physical infrastructure of a planetarium. Attention to detail in this realm is vital to a new planetarium construction project. Electrical Power Local building codes will provide a baseline for your particular power scheme and a licensed electrical engineer will handle much of the design work. Even so, it’s probably a good idea to be involved with the design process and familiarize yourself with the electrical requirements of your theater. Your interpretation of the space and production philosophy will dictate many aspects of the electrical layout and capacity. Every planetarium will have some form of star projector, and quite often there will be other unique equipment with special electrical requirements including laser systems, lighting instruments, projector lifts, and high concentrations of audio-visual equipment. Conduits and raceways for all of these devices will have to be mapped out. A spacious electrical room will make it easy to cleanly route power and control wiring throughout the planetarium. This master control area should be centrally located, perhaps beneath the theater to avoid any noise problems from equipment fans or lighting dimmers. A raised floor is an added luxury, but can make equipment installation and maintenance a breeze. Your electrical contractor will probably provide raceways for any automation control wiring. These control signals are mostly low-voltage and will need to be housed in raceways and conduits separate from power delivery. Keep in mind that you’ll want to have easy access to your low-voltage raceways for future equipment additions and upgrades.
    [Show full text]
  • The Magic of the Atwood Sphere
    The magic of the Atwood Sphere Exactly a century ago, on June Dr. Jean-Michel Faidit 5, 1913, a “celestial sphere demon- Astronomical Society of France stration” by Professor Wallace W. Montpellier, France Atwood thrilled the populace of [email protected] Chicago. This machine, built to ac- commodate a dozen spectators, took up a concept popular in the eigh- teenth century: that of turning stel- lariums. The impact was consider- able. It sparked the genesis of modern planetariums, leading 10 years lat- er to an invention by Bauersfeld, engineer of the Zeiss Company, the Deutsche Museum in Munich. Since ancient times, mankind has sought to represent the sky and the stars. Two trends emerged. First, stars and constellations were easy, especially drawn on maps or globes. This was the case, for example, in Egypt with the Zodiac of Dendera or in the Greco-Ro- man world with the statue of Atlas support- ing the sky, like that of the Farnese Atlas at the National Archaeological Museum of Na- ples. But things were more complicated when it came to include the sun, moon, planets, and their apparent motions. Ingenious mecha- nisms were developed early as the Antiky- thera mechanism, found at the bottom of the Aegean Sea in 1900 and currently an exhibi- tion until July at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers in Paris. During two millennia, the human mind and ingenuity worked constantly develop- ing and combining these two approaches us- ing a variety of media: astrolabes, quadrants, armillary spheres, astronomical clocks, co- pernican orreries and celestial globes, cul- minating with the famous Coronelli globes offered to Louis XIV.
    [Show full text]
  • Startheater 3 Man
    AGES 8+ 2009 ® Planetarium Projector with Astronomy Software Instruction Manual Table of Contents Discover the Universe! .......................................................................................................3 Your Own Planetarium ......................................................................................................3 What Is a Constellation? ....................................................................................................3 The Star Sphere ....................................................................................................................4 Assembly and Operation ..................................................................................................4 Installing Batteries .......................................................................................................4 Operating Your Planetarium ....................................................................................5 Setting the Date and Time ........................................................................................6 Care and Maintenance.......................................................................................................6 Meteors and Comets ..........................................................................................................7 The Constellations...............................................................................................................7 The Moving Sky..................................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • The Seth Thomas Sidereal Clock, Now Located in the UH Institute for Astronomy Library
    The Seth Thomas sidereal clock, now located in the UH Institute for Astronomy library. The large hand reads minutes, upper small hand, hours, and the lower small hand, seconds, of sidereal time, or time by the stars, as opposed to solar time. On the right is seen one of the two weights that drive the clock. They must be wound to the top once a week. A close up of the clock’s nameplate shows that it is clock no. 13. The University of Hawai`i Observatory, Kaimuki, 1910 to 1958, as seen in 1917 by E.H. Bryan, Jr. Soon after the turn of the century an astronomical event of major scientic as well as popular interest stirred the citizens of Honolulu: the predicted appearance of Halley’s Comet in 1910. By public subscription an observatory was built on Ocean View Drive in Kaimuki, which was then a suburb of Honolulu in the vicinity of Diamond Head. A civic group known as the Kaimuki Improvement Association donated the site, which oered an excellent view of the sky. A six-inch refractor manufactured by Queen and Company of Philadel- phia was placed in the observatory along with a very ne Seth Thomas sidereal clock and a three-inch meridian passage telescope. The observatory was operated by the edgling College of Hawai‘i, later to become the University of Hawai‘i. The public purpose of the Kaimuki Observatory was served and Halley’s Cometwas observed. But, unfortunately, the optics of the telescope were not good enough for serious scientic work. From “Origins of Astronomy in Hawai’i,” by Walter Steiger, Professor Emeritus, University of Hawai’i The Seth Thomas sidereal clock is now located in the UH Institute for Astronomy Library.
    [Show full text]
  • PLANETARIUM SHOWS Field Trip Experiences in the Willard Smith Planetarium Allow Students to Explore Space Science Concepts in a Live, Interactive Presentation
    FIELD TRIP EXPERIENCES PLANETARIUM SHOWS Field trip experiences in the Willard Smith Planetarium allow students to explore space science concepts in a live, interactive presentation. Ask about cusomizing the show to meet your education goals! Preschool All Stars Jupiter and its Moons Designed for our youngest learners, this show is an This show focuses on the mission of the Juno opportunity for children of all ages to be introduced spacecraft. Students learn about the solutions devised to the wonders of astronomy. Students will practice for challenges facing the mission and use observational pattern recognition while discovering their first skills to compare Jupiter’s moons to the earth. constellations. 15 minutes. Pre–K 30 minutes. Grades 6–12 The Sky Tonight Let’s Explore Light Focusing on naked-eye astronomy, The Sky Tonight In Let’s Explore Light, students learn about the nature shows students how the stars can be used for of light and the processes used by scientists who study navigation and how to find constellations and Planets. light. They use spectroscopy to identify the building We talk about current visible events and also look blocks of stars, and discover how spectroscopy has at some objects only visible through a telescope. helped us understand the nature of the universe. 30 minutes. Grades K–12 30 minutes. Grades 6–12 The Planets NEW! Earth Pole to Pole Fly through the Rings of Saturn and see the largest In this planetary science live presentation we explore volcano on Mars as we visit the planets in our solar the northern and southern polar regions of the planet system.
    [Show full text]
  • Facts & Statistics About the Project
    1 Hubble’s 15th Anniversary – Facts about the ESA project Introduction 24 April 2005 marked the 15th anniversary of the launch of the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. As an observatory in space, Hubble is a major project that has made an enormous impact both in terms of scientific output and in its immediate public appeal. Hubble has exploited its unique scientific capabilities in regions where no other instruments can compete. The telescope consistently delivers super-sharp images and clean, uncontaminated spectra over the entire near-infrared to ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. This has opened up new scientific territory and has resulted in many paradigm-breaking discoveries. Exquisite quality images have enabled astronomers to gain entirely new insights into the workings of a huge range of different astronomical objects. Hubble has provided a visual overview of the underlying astrophysical processes taking place in these objects, ranging from planets in our Solar System to galaxies in the young Universe. The renowned British astronomer Malcolm Longair writes in the preface to ESA’s anniversary book: ”The Hubble Space Telescope has undoubtedly had a greater public impact than any other space astronomy mission ever. The images included in this beautiful volume are quite staggering in the detail they reveal about the Universe we live in and have already become part of our common scientific and cultural heritage.” The project Many people agree that the long-term well-being and cultural development of European citizens depends on research and technological development. Information about science and scientists is a vital component of the scientific process, but the competition for attention in today’s mass-media market is fierce.
    [Show full text]
  • PLANETARIAN Journal of the International Planetarium Society Vol
    PLANETARIAN Journal of the International Planetarium Society Vol. 29, No.4, December 2000 Articles 6 Invitations for IPS 2004 ....................................................... various 12 Creation of A New World of 1.7 Million Stars .. Takayuki Ohira 16 We Make the Magic ........................................................ Jack Dunn 18 Planetarium Partnerships ....................................... Carole Helper Features 21 Reviews ...................................................................... April S. Whitt 26 Forum: How Can IPS Serve You in Future? .............. Steve 29 Mobile News Network ............................................. Susan 34 What's New ................................................................ Jim Manning 38 International News ..................................................... Lars Broman 43 President's Message .................................. oo .................. Dale Smith 61 Minutes of IPS Council Meeting ...................... Lee Ann Hennig 70 Jane's Corner ............................................................. Jane Hastings North America Welcomes a Brilliant NelN Character in Star ShOlNs: Zeiss Fiber Optics With the dawn of the new millenni­ improve the quality of Star Shows for um, visitors of the new planetariums in audiences of the Universarium. They are Oakland, CA and New York City will also offered with the Starmaster, the experience brilliant stars produced by medium planetarium. the Carl Zeiss Universarium fiber optics Quality at the highest level which systems,
    [Show full text]
  • Hello, Wake Up! Nr: 10 Written, Corrected and Published by Students in 9Th Grade
    8 May 2015 Hello, wake up! Nr: 10 written, corrected and published by students in 9th grade Alexandra lived in the same place until the age of 18 when she finished high school. She moved to Brussels for four months and afterwards to Versailles for six months. Alexandra worked as an Au Pair and took care of two children at the age of five and ten years old. University She started studying the English and French teaching program in Vienna in 2011. Alexandra moved to Vienna with her brother were they lived in a student residence with 13 other people. The school system The students have four years of primary school, then five years of high school. It’s up to the students to choose if they want to Name: Alexandra Schurz continue studying or start working. When Age: 21 you turn 18 you have the opportunity to choose between studying technology, Born in: Klagenfurt, Austria tourism and economics. Family: Parents, an older brother and a cat Occupation: Assistant teacher in English and Other facts French Alexandra like to swim, play basketball, go to Speaks: German, English, Italian, Swedish and the movies, the theater and to play guitar. French When she was 14 years old she read a book in English and got interested because she We interviewed the assistant teacher in our has relatives in Sweden. Alexandra's dad's school who now is an intern from March until uncle moves to Sweden 50 years ago, he June 2015. Alexandra is teaching in different married a Swedish woman. She has been on subjects like English, French and German.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Virtual Reconstructions in a Planetarium for Demonstrations in Archaeo-Astronomy
    Central European Multimedia and Virtual Reality Conference (2006) C. Sik Lányi, B. Oláh (Editors) Using Virtual Reconstructions in a Planetarium for Demonstrations in Archaeo-Astronomy Georg Zotti, Alexander Wilkie and Werner Purgathofer Institute of Computer Graphics & Algorithms, TU Wien, Austria Abstract In the last decades, archaeologists in central Europe have found traces of enigmatic neolithic circular building structures buried in the soil. Recent studies indicate that the orientation of many of their doorways may have been chosen with an astronomical background in mind. This paper explains the use of virtual reconstructions of these buildings from archaeological data, in combination with a simulation of the sky of that time in a Planetarium, to present the astronomical findings to the public. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.7 [Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism]: Virtual Reality; I.3.8 [Applications]: 1. Introduction measure the minute deviations of the Earth’s natural mag- netic field caused by the different qualities of soil which to- Archaeological evidence shows the connection of ancient day fill the ditches: a set of very sensitive magnetometers is cultures to annually repeating celestial events. In many old mounted on a hand-moved cart, and the cart is moved over cultures, temple axes were typically aligned along cardi- the soil in parallel lines, providing a “subsurface scan” of nal directions, with the Pyramids in Egypt as most popu- the terrain. According to Radio-Carbon (14C) dating of ex- lar and best studied example. Another kind of alignment is cavated bone material, all KGAs have been erected in the that towards solstitial risings and settings of the sun; Stone- short time span between 4800 and 4500 B.C.
    [Show full text]