Investigating the Introduction of the Alcohol Minimum Unit Price in the Northern Territory
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Investigating the introduction of the alcohol minimum unit price in the Northern Territory FINAL REPORT (February 2020) Dr Kerri Coomber Prof Peter Miller Mr Nicholas Taylor Dr Michael Livingston Prof James Smith A/Prof Penny Buykx Dr Robyn Clifford Dr Debbie Scott Ms Sarah Clifford Prof Tanya Chikritzhs Dr Dhanya Nambiar Dr Foruhar Moayeri ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research team would like to acknowledge the following people for their substantial assistance in the compilation of this report. This study was funded by the Hospital Research Foundation Michelle Ganzer, NT Department of Health; Zoe Langridge, NT police; Kaitlyn Goodger, NT Police; Giovina D'Alessandro. NT Department of the Chief Minister; Carolyn Whyte, NT Department of the Attorney-General and Justice; Tessa Wallace and Elizabeth Adamson, Menzies School of Health Research; Yvette Mojica-Perez, Centre for Alcohol Policy Research; Dr Cherie Heilbronn, Turning Point; and, Ryan Baldwin, Ashlee Cunningham, Madelaine Keegan, Rowan Loxley, Pamela Rabahi, and Amelia Hooper, Deakin University. We would also like to thank our advisory committee for their guidance: Prof Tim Stockwell, Dr John Holmes, Mr Colin Angus, and Dr Jane Hughes. Recommended citation: Coomber K., Miller P., Taylor N., Livingston M., Smith J., Buykx P., Clifford R., Scott D., Clifford S., Chikritzhs T., Nambiar D., & Moayeri F. Investigating the introduction of the alcohol minimum unit price in the Northern Territory. Final Report (February 2020). Deakin University, Geelong Australia. Prepared for the Northern Territory Department of Health. i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Executive summary ...............................................................................................................xxiv 1.1 Territory wide ........................................................................................................................xxiv 1.2 Darwin and Palmerston........................................................................................................... xxv 1.3 Alice Springs .......................................................................................................................... xxv 1.4 Katherine................................................................................................................................. xxv 1.5 Tennant Creek ......................................................................................................................... xxv 1.6 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................ xxv 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 2.1 The current study ........................................................................................................................ 2 2.1.1 Project objectives ............................................................................................................. 3 2.1.1.1 Study areas ................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.2 Defining ‘moderate’ drinking .......................................................................................... 4 2.2 Logic model ................................................................................................................................ 5 3 Methods ...................................................................................................................................... 6 3.1 Administrative data ..................................................................................................................... 6 3.1.1 Wholesale alcohol supply ................................................................................................ 6 3.1.2 Police data ........................................................................................................................ 7 3.1.2.1 Alcohol-related Assault offences ................................................................................. 7 3.1.2.2 Alcohol-related Protective Custody episodes .............................................................. 7 3.1.2.3 Homicide...................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.3 Ambulance attendances ................................................................................................... 7 3.1.4 Emergency department presentations and hosptial admissions ....................................... 8 3.1.5 Sobering Up Shelters ....................................................................................................... 9 3.1.6 Treatment centres ............................................................................................................. 9 3.1.7 Road traffic crashes ....................................................................................................... 10 3.1.8 Child protection ............................................................................................................. 10 3.1.9 Price monitoring ............................................................................................................ 10 3.1.1 Licensing........................................................................................................................ 11 3.1.1 Monitoring sales of substitution commodities ............................................................... 11 3.1.2 School attendance data .................................................................................................. 11 3.1.3 Tourism .......................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Population telephone survey ..................................................................................................... 12 3.2.1 Survey development ...................................................................................................... 12 3.2.2 Key measures ................................................................................................................. 12 3.2.3 Telephone survey procedure .......................................................................................... 12 3.2.4 Comparison with NDSHS.............................................................................................. 13 3.3 Key informant interviews ......................................................................................................... 14 ii 3.3.1 Data collection ............................................................................................................... 14 3.4 Analysis approach ..................................................................................................................... 15 3.4.1 Administrative data ........................................................................................................ 15 3.4.2 Telephone survey ........................................................................................................... 17 3.4.3 Key informant interviews .............................................................................................. 17 3.5 Ethical approval ........................................................................................................................ 18 4 Results ...................................................................................................................................... 19 4.1 Administrative data ................................................................................................................... 19 4.1.1 Northern Territory ......................................................................................................... 19 4.1.1.1 Alcohol wholesale supply data .................................................................................. 19 4.1.1.2 Police alcohol-related assaults data ........................................................................... 21 4.1.1.3 Offenders – alcohol-related assaults .......................................................................... 22 4.1.1.4 Victims – alcohol-related assaults ............................................................................. 22 4.1.1.5 Police protective custody data ................................................................................... 23 4.1.1.1 Homicide data ............................................................................................................ 24 4.1.1.2 Ambulance attendances ............................................................................................. 25 4.1.1.3 Emergency department presentations ........................................................................ 26 4.1.1.3.1 Alcohol-related presentations .............................................................................. 26 4.1.1.3.2 Other substance use ............................................................................................. 26 4.1.1.3.3 Fracture of skull and facial bones ........................................................................ 27 4.1.1.3.4 Fracture of forearm bones .................................................................................... 28 4.1.1.3.5 Maltreatment syndromes ..................................................................................... 29 4.1.1.3.6 Assault by sharp object .......................................................................................