Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1977 Localization of Fibricola cratera (Trematoda: Diplostomatidae) metacercariae in Rana pipiens Thomas Wayne Cook Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Cook, Thomas Wayne, "Localization of Fibricola cratera (Trematoda: Diplostomatidae) metacercariae in Rana pipiens " (1977). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 7600. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/7600 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor. Michigan 48106 USA St. John's Road, Tyler's Green High Wycombe, Bucks, England HP10 8HR 77-29,829 COOK, Thomas Wayne, 1947- LOCALIZATION OF FIBRICOLA CRATERA (TREMATODA: DIPLOSTOMATIDAE) METACERCARIAE IN RANA PIPIENS. Iowa State University, Ph.D., 1977 Zoology Xerox UniVOrSity Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 Localization of Fibricola cratera (Trematoda; Diplostomatidae) metacercariae in Rana pipiens by Thomas Wayne Cook A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department; Zoology Major; Zoology (Parasitology) Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1977 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 27 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 36 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 80 LITERATURE CITED 83 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 96 PLATES 97 1 INTRODUCTION A well-known attribute of parasitism is that parasites localize in their inter­ mediate or definitive hosts. This so-called "site-finding behavior" involves entry into the proper host (i.e. host selection) and, once in the intermediate or defini­ tive host, localizing in a suitable microhabitat for establishment and survival. Research into parasite localization is a relatively new area of investigation for parasitologists. Only recently have the complexities of parasitic behavior be­ gun to be examined experimentally. This dissertation is an invest%ation of the larval localization of the d%enetic trematode Fibricola cratera (Barker and Noll, 1915) Dubois, 1932, a common duodenal parasite of raccoons (Procyon lotor) whose metacercariae (diplostomula) occur in tadpoles and frogs. Although Hoffman (1955) and Turner (1958) briefly demonstrated and de­ scribed all stages in the life-cycle of this parasite, certain questions relative to the localization of the metacercariae remain to be answered. Hoffman's (1955) description of the infection of tadpole embryos was vague; no mention in his report is made of numbers of cercariae used in experimental infections of tadpoles nor of the exact age of the tadpoles. lue phenomenon of metacercarial migration of ^ cratera has never been studied in any detail. Although migration of metacercariae during frog metamor­ phosis has been known for 35 years, no published data are available on the significance of frog metamorphosis on the life-cycle of F. cratera. Furthermore, 2 no descriptive account of the progress and route of m^rating metacercariae from the peritoneal cavity to the hind leg musculature appears in the literature. These aspects of the life-cycle have been investigated in detail and are presented in this dissertation. 3 LITERATURE REVIEW Historical Review The genus Fibricola was established by Dubois (1932). The type species cratera was assigned to a diplostomatid trematode described by Barker (1915) as Hemistomum craterum (Barker and Noll, 1915) recovered from a muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) intestine. Since 1915,cratera has been reported in al least 15 species of hosts from 14 states and two provinces in Canada. This in­ formation is summarized in Table 1. According to Dubois (1963, 1970), two species of the genus Fibricola occur in the United States namely; Fibricola cratera (Barker and Noll, 1915) Dubois, 1932, and F. lucida (La Rue and Bosma, 1927) Dubois and Rausch, 1950. Five ad­ ditional species of Fibricola presently accepted by Dubois (1963, 1970) include: F. caballeroi Zerecero, 1943 from Rattus norvégiens, F. intermedins (Pearson, 1959) Sudarikov, 1960, from Rattus as similis and Hydromys chrysogaster, F. minor Dubois, 1936 from Hydromys chrysogastér, F. sarcophilus Sandars, 1957 from Sarcophilus harrisi, and F. sudarikovi Sadovskaja, 1952 from Ondatra zibethicus, Apodemus agrarius and Cricetulus triton nestor. Fibricola is placed in the order Strigeatida La Rue. 1926 and within the superfamily Strigeoidea Rallliet, 1919. Fibricola, a typical strigeoid with a dis­ tinct fore- and hindbody, possesses a tribocytic (holdfast) organ in addition to oral and ventral suckers. Table 1. Definitive hoats of Fibricola ctatera reported In the literature Host Locality Author(s) Blarina brevlcauda Minnesota Cuckler, 1940 Chickens^ Florida Leigh, 1954 Iowa Ulmer, 1955 Didelphis vlrginiana Georgia Byrd et al., 1942 Tennessee Michigan Chandler and Rausch, 1946 Eudocimus albus Louisiana Lumsden, 1961 Mephitis mephitis Wyoming Dubois and Rausch, 1950 Mephitis nigra Michigan Chandler and Rausch, 1946 Mesocrlcetus auratus Florida Leigh, 1954 Mustt.la vison Ontario, Canada Law and Kennedy, 1932 Texas Read, 1948 Louisiana Lumsden and Zischke, 1961 Ondatra zlbethicus Nebraska Barker, 1915 Minnesota Cuckler, 1940 Illinois Gilford, 1954 Ohio Beckett and Galllcbhlo, 1967 Utah Grundmann and Tsal, 1967 '^Experimental host. Table 1. (Continued) Host Locality Author(s) Procyon lotor Quebec, Canada Miller, 1940 Iowa Morgan and Waller, 1940 Texas Chandler, 1942 Michigan Chandler and Rausch, 1946 Iowa Hoffman, 1955 Georgia Babero and Shepperson, 1958 Georgia Sawyer, 1958 Iowa IXirner, 1958 Louisiana Lumsden and Zischke, 1961 Cape Island, B.C. Harkema and Miller, 1962 North Carolina Harkema and Miller, 1964 Soutli Carolina Harkema and Miller, 1964 Florida Harkema and Miller, 1964 Iowa Present Study Rattus norvegicus Wisconsin Schiller and Morgan, 1949 Michigan DeGlustl, 1957 Florida Leigh, 1954 Iowa® Ulmer, 1954 Iowa® Hoffman, 1955 Iowa® Turner, 1958 Sclurus hudsonicus Michigan Chandler and Rausch, 1946 Tamlasciurus hudsonicus Several North Central States Rausch and Tiner, 1948 Table 1. (Continued) Host Locality Author(s) Taxldea taxus Iowa Wittrock and Ulmer, 1974 a White mice Florida Leigh, 1954 lowa^ Ulmer, 1955 lowa^ Turner, 1958 7 Dubois (1953, 1963, 1970) placed Fibricola within the subfamily Alariinae (Family Diplostomatidae) because it is parasitic in mammals and its vitelline folli­ cles are limited chiefly to the forebody. Members of a second subfamily, Diplo- stomatinae, are parasites of birds and have vitelline follicles limited chiefly to the hindbody. Dubois (1963, 1970) separated Fibricola from other genera in the Alariinae because of the following characteristics: spoon-shaped forebody (much longer than hindbody from which it is distinctly separated by a transverse constric­ tion), asymmetrical anterior testis, the absence of pseudosuckers and auricles, presence of a circular or elliptical tribocytic organ, and a normally developed ventral sucker. Early observations of the Fibricola cratera life cycle were reported by Cuckler (1940 and 1949),