DOCSLIB.ORG

Orchid Conservation: Assessing Threats and Conservation Priorities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Orchid Conservation: Assessing Threats and Conservation Priorities Orchid conservation: Assessing threats and conservation priorities Author Wraith, Jenna L Published 2020-03-10 Thesis Type Thesis (PhD Doctorate) School School of Environment and Sc DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/1368 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/392403 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Orchid conservation: Assessing threats and conservation priorities Jenna Wraith B.Sc (Hons) Griffith School of Environment and Science Environmental Futures Research Institute Griffith Sciences Submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2019 1 Statement of Originality This work has not previously been submitted for a degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the thesis itself. (Signed)___ _____ Jenna Wraith 2 Abstract Globally, over a million species are threatened with extinction from habitat loss, climate change, over-exploitation as well as other anthropogenic activities. Orchids are particularly at risk in part due to their distinctive ecology including high species diversity, often limited geographic range for many species, and tight ecological relations with specific symbionts. They are the most diverse group of flowering plants with ~28,000 species and are found on all but one continent. However, due to increasing pressures from humans many orchids are threatened with extinction. It is therefore important to assess what is threatening them and where. Therefore, this thesis assesses threats to orchids at a global and continental scale to highlight the most significant threats to orchids, where orchids are threatened and by what, and to prioritise conservation actions and future research. The range and diversity of threats to orchids was globally assessed and mapped using data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (Chapter 2). For the 442 orchids on the Red List, the most common threats were biological resource use (80% species), agriculture (53%), human intrusion and disturbance (36%) and development (35%) and were most commonly found in Africa (predominantly Madagascar), South and East Asia and South America. These threats often interacted and co-occurred with four major threat syndromes. Understanding threat syndromes is vital for orchid conservation as they can create more consistent conservation planning and help focus efforts on the specific threats in a given region. Globally the scale and extent of tourism and recreation is increasing, including nature- based tourism. As a result, tourism and recreation is increasingly recognised as a threat to plants including orchids. Therefore, the extent and nature of tourism and recreation as 3 a threat to orchids globally was also assessed in more detail using data from the IUCN Red List (Chapter 3). This demonstrated that 149 of the 442 listed orchids were threatened by tourism and recreation including impacts of residential and commercial development for tourism infrastructure (22%), intentional collecting within protected areas (17%), and human intrusion and disturbance from recreational activities (20%). Tourism and recreation threats were severe, impacting many populations of some orchids and causing rapid decline. These findings highlight how tourism and recreation can threaten specific groups of plants in diverse habitats, but particularly in forests and shrublands and these threats often co-occurred as threat syndromes. To better facilitate orchid conservation, a more detailed analysis of geographical patterns in threatened orchids and threats to orchids was conducted at a continental scale using a methodology that could be adapted to other threatened taxa (Chapter 4). By utilising data on threatened orchids from the Australian Government, combined with species occurrence data from the Atlas of Living Australia, the distribution of the most severe threats to orchids in Australia were mapped. This included identifying locations where habitat modification, changing fire regimes, grazing, weeds, tourism and recreation and illegal collection occurred, including where they co-occurred as threat syndromes. This study shows that the loss of native vegetation is a key driver of most threats, while increases within protected areas was associated with an increased threat from tourism and recreation. This study also provides critical information for formulating conservation and management strategies for threatened orchids and other species in a changing environment. To ensure the successful conservation of orchids, researchers need to understand research and conservation priorities at a global scale. Therefore, conservation and research priorities for orchid conservation were assessed (Chapter 5) using data on 4 research publications on orchid conservation from Scopus, data on conservation priorities from the Red List, and species occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). This study highlighted the increase in conservation research and important gaps as well as key conservation priorities which were analysed to guide recommendations on future priorities. Based on the results, orchid conservation and research globally should increasingly focus on monitoring population, trends and distributions including the impacts of climate change, ecology, threats and threat mitigation, protection and management of species and their habitats and increasing education and awareness. The research in this thesis demonstrated how orchids are significantly threatened by anthropogenic activities at a global and continental scale including impacts from habitat loss, illegal collecting, tourism and recreation, increased fire regimes and invasive species. However, it is also evident that climate change is underrepresented as a threat to orchids and needs to be considered in future research. These studies highlight the prevalence and importance of threat syndromes and provide novel methods for spatially assessing them. It is evident from these studies that orchid conservation will benefit from global collaboration and focussed conservation priorities. 5 Table of Contents Statement of Originality ............................................................................................................ 2 Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 3 Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... 6 List of Figures........................................................................................................................... 8 List of Appendices .................................................................................................................... 9 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. 10 Published papers included in the thesis .................................................................................... 11 Glossary ................................................................................................................................. 12 References .............................................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 15 1.1 Sixth wave of mass extinction .................................................................................. 15 1.2 Threats to global plant biodiversity .......................................................................... 15 1.3 Research on plant conservation ................................................................................ 19 1.4 Why are orchids important? ..................................................................................... 21 1.5 Aims........................................................................................................................ 24 1.6 Structure of the thesis .............................................................................................. 25 1.7 Published and submitted papers included as results Chapters in the thesis. ............... 28 1.7.1 Other publications completed during candidature but not included in this thesis: .. 28 1.7.2 Related published papers .................................................................................. 28 1.7.3 Conference presentations and talks to orchid societies ...................................... 28 1.7.4 Other publications ............................................................................................ 29 1.8 References ............................................................................................................... 29 Chapter 2. Quantifying global threats to orchids ...................................................................... 38 Chapter 3. Tourism and recreation a global threat to orchids .................................................... 50 Chapter 4. A continental scale analysis of threats to orchids .................................................... 65 Chapter 5. Research and conservation priorities for globally
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Native Orchid Society South Australia
    Journal of the Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc PRINT POST APPROVED VOLUME 25 NO. 11 PP 54366200018 DECEMBER 2001 NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA POST OFFICE BOX 565 UNLEY SOUTH AUSTRALIA 5061 The Native Orchid Society of South Australia promotes the conservation of orchids through the preservation of natural habitat and through cultivation. Except with the documented official representation from the Management Committee no person is authorised to represent the society on any matter. All native orchids are protected plants in the wild. Their collection without written Government permit is illegal. PRESIDENT: SECRETARY: Bill Dear Cathy Houston Telephone: 82962111 Telephone: 8356 7356 VICE-PRESIDENT David Pettifor Tel. 014095457 COMMITTEE David Hirst Thelma Bridle Bob Bates Malcolm Guy EDITOR: TREASURER Gerry Carne Iris Freeman 118 Hewitt Avenue Toorak Gardens SA 5061 Telephone/Fax 8332 7730 E-mail [email protected] LIFE MEMBERS Mr R. Hargreaves Mr G. Carne Mr L. Nesbitt Mr R. Bates Mr R. Robjohns Mr R Shooter Mr D. Wells Registrar of Judges: Reg Shooter Trading Table: Judy Penney Field Trips & Conservation: Thelma Bridle Tel. 83844174 Tuber Bank Coordinator: Malcolm Guy Tel. 82767350 New Members Coordinator David Pettifor Tel. 0416 095 095 PATRON: Mr T.R.N. Lothian The Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. while taking all due care, take no responsibility for the loss, destruction or damage to any plants whether at shows, meetings or exhibits. Views or opinions expressed by authors of articles within this Journal do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the Management. We condones the reprint of any articles if acknowledgement is given.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Orchid Society of South Australia
    NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA JOURNAL Volume 6, No. 10, November, 1982 Registered by Australia Post Publication No. SBH 1344. Price 40c PATRON: Mr T.R.N. Lothian PRESIDENT: Mr J.T. Simmons SECRETARY: Mr E.R. Hargreaves 4 Gothic Avenue 1 Halmon Avenue STONYFELL S.A. 5066 EVERARD PARK SA 5035 Telephone 32 5070 Telephone 293 2471 297 3724 VICE-PRESIDENT: Mr G.J. Nieuwenhoven COMMITTFE: Mr R. Shooter Mr P. Barnes TREASURER: Mr R.T. Robjohns Mrs A. Howe Mr R. Markwick EDITOR: Mr G.J. Nieuwenhoven NEXT MEETING WHEN: Tuesday, 23rd November, 1982 at 8.00 p.m. WHERE St. Matthews Hail, Bridge Street, Kensington. SUBJECT: This is our final meeting for 1982 and will take the form of a Social Evening. We will be showing a few slides to start the evening. Each member is requested to bring a plate. Tea, coffee, etc. will be provided. Plant Display and Commentary as usual, and Christmas raffle. NEW MEMBERS Mr. L. Field Mr. R.N. Pederson Mr. D. Unsworth Mrs. P.A. Biddiss Would all members please return any outstanding library books at the next meeting. FIELD TRIP -- CHANGE OF DATE AND VENUE The Field Trip to Peters Creek scheduled for 27th November, 1982, and announced in the last Journal has been cancelled. The extended dry season has not been conducive to flowering of the rarer moisture- loving Microtis spp., which were to be the objective of the trip. 92 FIELD TRIP - CHANGE OF DATE AND VENUE (Continued) Instead, an alternative trip has been arranged for Saturday afternoon, 4th December, 1982, meeting in Mount Compass at 2.00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
    Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus.
    [Show full text]
  • August 2010 Volume 51: Number 8
    The Atlanta Orchid Society Bulletin The Atlanta Orchid Society is affiliated with the American Orchid Society, the Orchid Digest Corporation and the Mid-America Orchid Congress. Newsletter Editor: Mark Reinke August 2010 www.AtlantaOrchidSociety.org Volume 51: Number 8 AUGUST MONTHLY MEETING Topic: Integrated Orchid Conservation at the Atlanta Botanical Garden Speaker: Matt Richards 8:00 pm Monday, August 9 at the Atlanta Botanical Garden, Day Hall Matt Richards graduated from The Ohio State University with a B.S. in Horticulture. Special attention was given to the study of Orchidaceae and the asymbiotic culture of orchids during his undergraduate studies. In 2006 he was hired as Orchid Center Horticulturist at the Atlanta Botanical Garden. He began working on the propagation of Georgia’s native orchids in the Ron Determann Tissue Culture lab at ABG, and has since assumed the full operating responsibilities of the tissue culture laboratory. He now holds the title Cattleya bicolor ssp. bicolor of Orchid Conservation Specialist. He has advanced the culture of native North American This bi-foliate species native to Southeast Brazil orchids, and has successfully grown plants of typically blooms in August and September in the many rare species from seed to flower. In 2007 he Northern Hemisphere. was invited to join the IUCN (World Conservation Union) as a member of the Orchid Specialist Group (North American Region) under the SSC In This Issue…… (Species Survival Commission). Page Matt’s talk will cover the ABG’s involvement in 2 AtlOS Volunteer
    [Show full text]
  • Common Name: YELLOW LADY's-SLIPPER Scientific Name: Cypripedium Parviflorum Salisbury Other Commonly Used Names: Golden Slippe
    Common Name: YELLOW LADY’S-SLIPPER Scientific Name: Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury Other Commonly Used Names: golden slipper Previously Used Scientific Names: Cypripedium calceolus Linnaeus Family: Orchidaceae (orchid) Rarity Ranks: G5/S3 State Legal Status: Rare Federal Legal Status: none Federal Wetland Status: FAC- Description: Perennial herb, 3 - 28 inches (7 - 70 cm) tall, with 3 - 5 leaves evenly spaced along an erect, hairy stem. Leaves up to 8 inches (20 cm) long and 4 inches wide, broadly oval with pointed tips and clasping leaf bases, hairy, strongly ribbed, alternate. Flowers 1 - 2 per plant, at the top of the stem, fragrant, with an erect, green bract behind each flower; a yellow, pouch-like lip petal (“slipper”) up to 2 inches (5.4 cm) long and 1 inch wide (3.5 cm); 2 spirally twisted, drooping petals, 1 - 4 inches (2.4 - 9.7 cm) long; and 2 sepals, one curved over the top of the flower and another curved behind the slipper; sepals and petals are green with maroon spots or solid maroon. Fruit an oval capsule, up to 2 inches (5 cm) long. Similar Species: Some botanists recognize 2 varieties of yellow lady’s-slipper; both are state- listed as Rare in Georgia. They are difficult to tell apart and occur in the same habitat. Small- flowered yellow lady’s-slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum var. parviflorum) lip is - 1 inches (2.2 - 3.4 cm) long, and its petals and sepals appear uniformly maroon; flowers smell of vanilla. Large-flowered yellow lady’s-slipper (C. parviflorum var. pubescens) lip is up to 2¼ inches (5.4 cm) long, and the petals and sepals are green with maroon spots and streaks; flowers smell lemony.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Orchid Society South Australia
    Journal of the Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc Urochilus (Pterostylis) sanguineus Print Post Approved Volume 28 Nº 4 PP 543662/00018 May 2004 NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA POST OFFICE BOX 565 UNLEY SOUTH AUSTRALIA 5061 The Native Orchid Society of South Australia promotes the conservation of orchids through the preservation of natural habitat and through cultivation. Except with the documented official representation of the management committee, no person may represent the Society on any matter. All native orchids are protected in the wild; their collection without written Government permit is illegal. PRESIDENT SECRETARY Bodo Jensen: Cathy Houston telephone 8243 0251 work 8347 2005 telephone 8356 7356 VICE PRESIDENT Bob Bates COMMITTEE Peter McCauley Brendan Killen Malcolm Guy David Pettifor EDITOR TREASURER David Hirst Iris Freeman 14 Beaverdale Avenue ASSISTANT TREASURER Windsor Gardens SA 5087 Bill Dear Telephone 8261 7998 telephone 8296 2111 Email [email protected] mobile 0414 633941 LIFE MEMBERS Mr R. Hargreaves† Mr D. Wells Mr H. Goldsack† Mr G. Carne Mr R. Robjohns† Mr R Bates Mr J. Simmons† Mr R Shooter Mr. L. Nesbitt Registrar of Judges: Reg Shooter Trading Table: Judy Penney Field Trips and Conservation: Thelma Bridle telephone 8384 4174 Tuber bank Coordinator: Malcolm Guy telephone 8276 7350 New Members Coordinator: David Pettifor telephone 0416 095095 PATRON Mr T. R. N. Lothian The Native Orchid Society of South Australia, while taking all due care, take no responsibility for loss or damage to any plants whether at shows, meetings or exhibits. Views or opinions expressed by authors of articles within this Journal do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the management committee.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Orchidaceae: Genera and Species (12/1/2004)
    AUSTRALIAN ORCHID NAME INDEX (21/1/2008) by Mark A. Clements Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research/Australian National Herbarium GPO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Corresponding author: [email protected] INTRODUCTION The Australian Orchid Name Index (AONI) provides the currently accepted scientific names, together with their synonyms, of all Australian orchids including those in external territories. The appropriate scientific name for each orchid taxon is based on data published in the scientific or historical literature, and/or from study of the relevant type specimens or illustrations and study of taxa as herbarium specimens, in the field or in the living state. Structure of the index: Genera and species are listed alphabetically. Accepted names for taxa are in bold, followed by the author(s), place and date of publication, details of the type(s), including where it is held and assessment of its status. The institution(s) where type specimen(s) are housed are recorded using the international codes for Herbaria (Appendix 1) as listed in Holmgren et al’s Index Herbariorum (1981) continuously updated, see [http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp]. Citation of authors follows Brummit & Powell (1992) Authors of Plant Names; for book abbreviations, the standard is Taxonomic Literature, 2nd edn. (Stafleu & Cowan 1976-88; supplements, 1992-2000); and periodicals are abbreviated according to B-P- H/S (Bridson, 1992) [http://www.ipni.org/index.html]. Synonyms are provided with relevant information on place of publication and details of the type(s). They are indented and listed in chronological order under the accepted taxon name. Synonyms are also cross-referenced under genus.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1770 Landscape of Botany Bay, the Plants Collected by Banks and Solander and Rehabilitation of Natural Vegetation at Kurnell
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Hochschulschriftenserver - Universität Frankfurt am Main Backdrop to encounter: the 1770 landscape of Botany Bay, the plants collected by Banks and Solander and rehabilitation of natural vegetation at Kurnell Doug Benson1 and Georgina Eldershaw2 1Botanic Gardens Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd Sydney 2000 AUSTRALIA email [email protected] 2Parks & Wildlife Division, Dept of Environment and Conservation (NSW), PO Box 375 Kurnell NSW 2231 AUSTRALIA email [email protected] Abstract: The first scientific observations on the flora of eastern Australia were made at Botany Bay in April–May 1770. We discuss the landscapes of Botany Bay and particularly of the historic landing place at Kurnell (lat 34˚ 00’ S, long 151˚ 13’ E) (about 16 km south of central Sydney), as described in the journals of Lieutenant James Cook and Joseph Banks on the Endeavour voyage in 1770. We list 132 plant species that were collected at Botany Bay by Banks and Daniel Solander, the first scientific collections of Australian flora. The list is based on a critical assessment of unpublished lists compiled by authors who had access to the collection of the British Museum (now Natural History Museum), together with species from material at National Herbarium of New South Wales that has not been previously available. The list includes Bidens pilosa which has been previously regarded as an introduced species. In 1770 the Europeans set foot on Aboriginal land of the Dharawal people. Since that time the landscape has been altered in response to a succession of different land-uses; farming and grazing, commemorative tree planting, parkland planting, and pleasure ground and tourist visitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of the Oklahoma Native Plant Society, Volume 4, Number 1, December 2004
    40 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 4, Number 1, December 2004 Status and Habitat Characteristics of Cypripedium kentuckiense (Kentucky lady’s slipper) in Southeastern Oklahoma Amy K. Buthod B. W. Hoagland Oklahoma Biological Survey Oklahoma Biological Survey and University of Oklahoma Department of Geography Norman, OK 73019 University of Oklahoma e-mail: [email protected] Norman, OK 73019 e-mail: [email protected] Cypripedium kentuckiense is a long-lived herbaceous perennial that inhabits floodplain and mesic hardwood forests. It occurs in Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia and has been reported from Choctaw, LeFlore, McCurtain, and Pushmataha counties in Oklahoma. C. kentuckiense is considered a rare species throughout its range, but is not currently protected under the United States Endangered Species Act. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine whether known populations of C. kentuckiense were persisting in Oklahoma and (2) characterize habitat structure. Twelve sites were surveyed in 2001 and 2002 for populations of C. kentuckiense, but only three persistent populations were found. The populations that were relocated numbered fewer than 20 total stems and all showed a dramatic decline in population size relative to previous surveys. INTRODUCTION U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. A C2 species Cypripedium kentuckiense is ad long-live is defined as “…a likely candidate for federal herbaceous perennial that inhabits listing as endangered or threatened, but it is floodplain or mesic hardwood forests or necessary to obtain further information woodland springs and seeps (Case et al., regarding possible threats” (Department of 1998; Reed 1982, Hooks 2000, Magrath the Interior 1993).
    [Show full text]
  • Progress and Prospects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Orchids Taiqiang Li, Wenke Yang, Shimao Wu, Marc-André Selosse, Jiangyun Gao
    Progress and Prospects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Orchids Taiqiang Li, Wenke Yang, Shimao Wu, Marc-André Selosse, Jiangyun Gao To cite this version: Taiqiang Li, Wenke Yang, Shimao Wu, Marc-André Selosse, Jiangyun Gao. Progress and Prospects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Orchids. Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers, 2021, 12, pp.646325. 10.3389/fpls.2021.646325. hal-03236349 HAL Id: hal-03236349 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03236349 Submitted on 26 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. REVIEW published: 07 May 2021 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646325 Progress and Prospects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Orchids Taiqiang Li 1,2, Wenke Yang 1,2, Shimao Wu 1,2, Marc-André Selosse 1,2,3,4 and Jiangyun Gao 1,2* 1 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China, 2 Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China, 3 Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France, 4 Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland Edited by: Orchids form mycorrhizal symbioses with fungi in natural habitats that affect their seed Barbara Pivato, germination, protocorm growth, and adult nutrition.
    [Show full text]
  • Publications1
    PUBLICATIONS1 Book Chapters: Zettler LW, J Sharma, and FN Rasmussen. 2003. Mycorrhizal Diversity (Chapter 11; pp. 205-226). In Orchid Conservation. KW Dixon, SP Kell, RL Barrett and PJ Cribb (eds). 418 pages. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. ISBN: 9838120782 Books and Book Chapters Edited: Sharma J. (Editor). 2010. North American Native Orchid Conservation: Preservation, Propagation, and Restoration. Conference Proceedings of the Native Orchid Conference - Green Bay, Wisconsin. Native Orchid Conference, Inc., Greensboro, North Carolina. 131 pages, plus CD. (Public Review by Dr. Paul M. Catling published in The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 125. pp 86 - 88; http://journals.sfu.ca/cfn/index.php/cfn/article/viewFile/1142/1146). Peer-reviewed Publications (besides Journal publications or refereed proceedings) Goedeke, T., Sharma, J., Treher, A., Frances, A. & *Poff, K. 2016. Calopogon multiflorus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T64175911A86066804. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016- 1.RLTS.T64175911A86066804.en. Treher, A., Sharma, J., Frances, A. & *Poff, K. 2015. Basiphyllaea corallicola. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T64175902A64175905. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015- 4.RLTS.T64175902A64175905.en. Goedeke, T., Sharma, J., Treher, A., Frances, A. & *Poff, K. 2015. Corallorhiza bentleyi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T64175940A64175949. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015- 4.RLTS.T64175940A64175949.en. Treher, A., Sharma, J., Frances, A. & *Poff, K. 2015. Eulophia ecristata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T64176842A64176871. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015- 4.RLTS.T64176842A64176871.en.
    [Show full text]
  • Monocots / Illustrated Flora of East Texas/Color Photographs 273
    MONOCOTS / ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS/COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS 273 ACORUS CALAMUS / DRUG SWEETFLAG IP. 406 / WLC ➤ ALETRIS AUREA / YELLOW STAR-GRASS / P. 749 / RJO ALETRIS FARINOSA / UNICORN-ROOT / P. 749 / GHB* 274 COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS/ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS / MONOCOTS ALLIUM CANADENSE VAR. CANADENSE / CANADA GARLIC / P. 435 / WLC ALLIUM CANADENSE VAR. MOBILENSE / MOBILE ONION / P. 436 / WLC ALLIUM DRUMMONDII / DRUMMOND’SONION / P. 436 / RJG CLOSE-UP OF ALLIUM DRUMMONDII DRUMMOND’SONION / P. 436 / RJG MONOCOTS / ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS/COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS 275 ANDROPOGON GERARDII / BIG BLUESTEM / P. 821 / GMD ALOPHIA DRUMMONDII / PURPLE PLEAT-LEAF / P. 684 / GMD ANDROPOGON TERNARIUS / SPLIT-BEARD BLUESTEM / P. 824 / BRC ANDROPOGON GLOMERATUS / BUSHY BLUESTEM / P. 822 / BRC ANDROSTEPHIUM COERULEUM / BLUE FUNNEL-LILY / P. 1128 / JAC 276 COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS/ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS / MONOCOTS ASPARAGUS OFFICINALES GARDEN ASPARAGUS IP. 476 / WLC ➤ ARISAEMA DRACONTIUM / GREEN-DRAGON / P. 465 / RJO APTERIA APHYLLA / NODDING-NIXIE / P. 481 / JAL ARISAEMA TRIPHYLLUM SUBSP. TRIPHYLLUM / JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT / P. 465 / JVK ARUNDINARIA GIGANTEA / GIANT CANE / P. 834 / GMD ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON EBONY SPLEENWORT / P. 337 / GMD MONOCOTS / ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS/COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS 277 AZOLLA CAROLINIANA / MOSQUITO FERN / P. 339 / GMD ➤ BOLBOSCHOENUS ROBUSTUS / SEASIDE BULRUSH / P. 511 / WCW BELAMCANDA CHINENSIS / BLACKBERRY-LILY IP. 685 / AFV* BOTRYCHIUM DISSECTUM / DISSECTED GRAPE FERN / P. 357 / WCW ➤ SPOROPHORE OF BOTRYCHIUM BITERNATUM / WCW BOTRYCHIUM BITERNATUM SOUTHERN GRAPE FERN / P. 357 / WCW 278 COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS/ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS / MONOCOTS BOUTELOUA HIRSUTA HAIRY GRAMA / P. 849 / GMD BOUTELOUA RIGIDISETA / TEXAS GRAMA / P. 850 / GMD BOUTELOUA PECTINATA / TALL GRAMA / P. 849 / GMD BOUTELOUA CURTIPENDULA / SIDE-OATS GRAMA / P.
    [Show full text]