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Historical !R,evie^w The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI COVER DESCRIPTION: The front cover illustration is a reproduction of a 9"xl3" woodcut by Missouri artist, Fred Geary (1894-1946). Geary titled the woodcut "Winter Sport." Born at Clarence, Missouri, on May 19, 1894, Fred Geary attended William Jewell College at Liberty, Missouri, and studied at the Kansas City Art Institute. He also took classes at the Art Stu dents' League in New York City where he worked with Winold Reiss. Geary spent almost thirty years in the art department of the Fred Harvey system. He began to work in xylography while in his mid-thirties. Self-taught in this medium, Geary became noted for his excellent woodcuts and wood engravings. His work exhibited vitality and illu strated the artist's commitment to accuracy and detail. After several years of declining health Geary died on October 13, 1946, at his home in Carrollton. In 1948, Mrs. S.E. Geary, mother of the artist, pre sented sixty-six woodcuts and other items to the State Historical Society of Missouri. MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI RICHARD S. BROWNLEE EDITOR MARY K. DAINS ASSOCIATE EDITOR JAMES W. GOODRICH ASSOCIATE EDITOR Copyright © 1983 by the State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201 The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW (ISSN 0026-6582) is owned by the State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 201 South Eighth, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communications, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO. 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. VOLUME LXXVII Current REVIEWS are sent to all members of The State Historical Society of Missouri during their term of member NUMBER 2 ship. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. JANUARY 1983 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R. S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978. OFFICERS 1980-1983 LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia, President MRS. AVIS TUCKER, Warrensburg, First Vice President REVEREND JOHN F. BANNON, St. Louis, Second Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, $t. Joseph, Third Vice President MRS. VIRGINIA YOUNG, Columbia, Fourth Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Filth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Kansas City, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer RICHARD S. BROWNLEE, Columbia, Director, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City ELMER ELLIS, Columbia LEO J. ROZIER, Perry ville Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1983 CHARLES BLANTON III, Sikeston MRS. JEAN TYREE HAMILTON, Marshall MRS. SAMUEL A. BURK, Kirksville W. ROGERS HEWITT, Shelby ville R. I. COLBORN, Paris DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City VICTOR A. GIERKE, Louisiana STUART SYMINGTON, JR., St. Louis Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1984 FRANCIS M. BARNES III, St. Louis W. WALLACE SMITH, Independence ROBERT S. DALE, Carthage RONALD L. SOMERVILLE, Chillicothe GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis ROBERT M. WHITE, Mexico Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1985 JAMES W. BROWN, Harrisonville J. J. GRAF, Hermann RICHARD J. CHAMIER, Moberly JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ILUS W. DAVIS, Kansas City MRS. MARY BANKS PARRY, Columbia ALFRED O. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis ARVARH H. STRICKLAND, Columbia EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-nine Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, President of the University of Missouri and Chancellor of the University of Missouri-Columbia constitute the Executive Committee. FINANCE COMMITTEE Five members of the Executive Committee appointed by the President, who by virtue of his office constitutes the sixth member, compose the Finance Committee. WILLIAM AULL HI, Lexington, Chairman LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville A MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR At the annual meeting of the Society on October 17, 1981, the members voted unanimously to increase the mem bership fees. This measure was taken to allow the Society to become more self-sufficient during these economically difficult times. Annual membership fees have been in creased to $5.00, and lifetime membership fees to $100.00. In an effort to reduce the Society's expenses, the Missouri Historical Review no longer will be forwarded because of an incorrect address. To remail one copy of the Review returned by the post office because of an in correct address costs the Society $2.53. If you move a change of address should be sent promptly to: The State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Co lumbia, Missouri 65201. Sincerely, Richard S. Brownlee THE FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER HISTORY AWARD The State Historical Society of Missouri takes pleasure in announcing the tenth round of compe tition for the Floyd C. Shoemaker History Award. This $300.00 annual award was created by the late Mr. Shoemaker, the long-time secretary of the Society, for the advancement of Missouri history in the univer sities, colleges and high schools throughout the state. The annual award alternates every other year be tween junior class students in Missouri colleges and universities and senior high school students in Mis souri. The 1983 award of $300.00 will be presented for the best article written by a senior high school student. The award will be presented at the 1983 annual meet ing of the State Historical Society. Articles nominated for the award must relate to the history of Missouri, either to events or person alities. The maximum length of an article is 5,000 words and a bibliography must be included. Each high school must select a panel of judges to nominate its best article by a senior high student. Only one article may be submitted from each high school. Each article will be judged against other nomina tions by the Department of History of the University of Missouri-Columbia. Articles submitted for this award will become the property of the State His torical Society of Missouri. The prize-winning article will be considered for publication in the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW. The final date for submission of articles is July 1, 1983. The articles must be sent to the State Historical Society of Missouri, Room 2, Elmer Ellis Library, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201. EDITORIAL POLICY The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW is always inter ested in articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Articles pertaining to surrounding states and other sections are considered for publication when they involve events or personalities having a significant bearing on the history of Missouri or the West. Any aspect of Mis souri history is considered suitable for publication in the REVIEW. Genealogical studies are not accepted because of limited general reader interest. In submitting articles for the REVIEW, the authors should examine back issues for the proper form in foot noting. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used in research, interpretation and the style in which it is written, are criteria for acceptance for publica tion. The original and a carbon copy of the article should be submitted. It is suggested that the author retain a car bon of the article. The copy should be double-spaced and footnotes typed consecutively on separate pages at the end of the article. The maximum length for an article is 7,500 words. All articles accepted for publication in the REVIEW become the property of the State Historical Society and may not be published elsewhere without permission. Only in special circumstances will an article previously pub lished in another magazine or journal, be accepted for the REVIEW. Because of the backlog of accepted articles, publica tion may be delayed for a period of time. Articles submitted for the REVIEW should be ad dressed to: Dr. Richard S. Brownlee, Editor MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 CONTENTS THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION'S SILENT PARTNERS: THE CHOUTEAU BROTHERS OF ST. LOUIS. By William E. Foley 131 ROBERT ORMSBY SWEENY: SOME CIVIL WAR SKETCHES. By James W. Goodrich 147 PATIENTS, POLITICS AND PHYSICIANS: THE STRUGGLE FOR CONTROL OF STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM NO. 1, FULTON, MISSOURI. By Donald H. Ewalt, Jr. 170 A CHINESE MEMOIR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI, 1920-1923. Translated by David R. Knechtges. Annotated by Lewis O. Saum 189 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS Society Holds Annual Meeting , 208 News in Brief 215 Erratum 215 Local Historical Societies 216 Gifts 230 Missouri History in Newspapers 234 Missouri History in Magazines 238 Graduate Theses Relating to Missouri History 242 In Memoriam 243 BOOK REVIEW 245 BOOK NOTES 247 vi Artist Charles A. Morgenthaler depicted Lewis and Clark's departure from St. Charles, May 21, 1804, for a mural in the St. Charles Savings & Loan Company. The Lewis and Clark Expedition's Silent Partners: The Chouteau Brothers of St. Louis BY WILLIAM E. FOLEY* The Lewis and Clark expedition remains one of the truly re markable feats of American history as well as one of the great ex ploratory ventures of all times. Even now, more than 175 years later, the exploring party's heroic exploits continue to excite the popular imagination. Who among us has not marveled at the dar ing performances of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark during their 7,000 mile, twenty-eight-month journey? And who does not •William E. Foley, professor of History at Central Missouri State Univer sity, Warrensburg, presented this address at the annual meeting of the State Historical Society of Missouri, Columbia, October 9, 1982.