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The Impact of Leadership Practices on Organizational Citizenship Behavior Applied Study on Universities in Gaza Strip

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The Impact of Leadership Practices on Organizational Citizenship Behavior Applied Study on Universities in Gaza Strip الجـامعــــــــــة اﻹســـــﻻميــة بغــزة The Islamic University of Gaza عمادة البحث العلمي والدراسات العليا Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies كـليـــــــــة اﻻقتصاد والعلوم اﻻدارية Faculty of Economic and Administrative Science ماجستيــــــر إدارة أعمــــــــــــــــال Master of Business Administration The Impact of Leadership Practices on Organizational Citizenship Behavior Applied study on Universities in Gaza strip By Salam M. Alagha Supervised by Prof. Yousef Ashour A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Business Administration, at faculty of graduate studies, Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine. 2019 Declaration ج The Impact of Leadership Practices and on Organizational Citizenship Behavior Declaration I understand the nature of plagiarism, and I am aware of the Hospital's policy on this. The work provided in this thesis, unless otherwise referenced, is the researcher's own work, and has not been submitted by others elsewhere for any other degree or qualification. Student's name: Signature: Date: I Abstract The aim of this study is to disclose the impact of leadership practices on organizational citizenship behavior, using Descriptive-Analytical Approach,to illustrate the impact of five variables (modeling the way , inspiring a shared vision , challenging the process, enabling others to act ,encouraging the heart) on organizational citizenship behavior. The study is based on a universities in Gaza, which adds caution to generalizability of the result on Palestinian universities. The study population consists of 941 administrative staff in the three Palestinian universities, (the Islamic University, Al-Azhar University and Al-Aqsa University). According to the Personnel Affairs Department, the number of administrative staff at the Islamic University was 409, Al-Azhar University in Gaza was 207, and Al-Aqsa University was 325. The questionnaire, as a tool of data collection was used to gather primary data. The results of the analysis show that there is a statistically significant impact of two variables of the five variables (modeling the way, encouraging the heart),on the organizational citizenship behavior at level of significance α ≤ 0.05 . Conclusions & Recommendations: • Attention to guidance, and continuous development; to create employees, and to motivate them to further contribute to overcome obstacles to development, and to develop functional performance. • Activation of training programs and guidance, to improve the skills of dealing between employees, and the establishment of social relations based on respect and appreciation. II الملخص ھ ھ ھ 941 ھ ھ ھ . α ≤ 0.05 ▪ ▪ III ِ ِ ِ ب ْسِم ا هَّلل الهرْْحَ ِن الهرحيِم ۡ ۡ ِ ۡ ۡ ۡ ِ ۡ ِ ِ ۡ فَ تَ ََٰعلَى ٱ ه َّلله ٱلَمل هك ٱۡلَ ق َوََل تَ ع َجل ب ٱلهقرءَان من قَ بِل أَن ۡ ۡ ِ ۡ ۡ ِ ِِۡ ِ ي هق َض َٰٰٓى إلَي َك َوحيه هۥۖ َوقهل هر ب زدِن عل م ا سورة طه114 IV Dedication “To my dear mother who emphasized the importance of education, To the spirit of my father, who helped me throughout my life, and supported me to continue my studies. To my wife for her calm patience and undeniable love cannot be denied. To my beautiful brothers and sisters for their unqualified and endless support. For my beloved children. I dedicate this work to my mother and pray to Allah to be usefull. V Acknowledgment I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Professor Youssef Ashour for his comments, observations and useful participation through the learning process of this Master Thesis. Furthermore, I would like to thank Assistant Professor Khalid Abed Dehleez for his introduction and support on the road. I will not forget to thank Dr.Rudhdy Wady. and Dr.Kamal Al-hindawi to accept the discussion of this research. Also, I would like to thank those who helped me during the data collection, and I would like to thank the poll participants, who willingly shared their precious time during this process. VI Table of Contents Declaration ........................................................................................................................... I Abstract .............................................................................................................................. II III ................................................................................................................................ الملخص Dedication ........................................................................................................................... V Acknowledgment .............................................................................................................. VI List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... X List of Figures ................................................................................................................... XI List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... XII Chapter 1 General Introduction ...................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Research Problem Statement: ................................................................................... 4 1.3 Research Questions ................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Research Variables: ................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Research Hypotheses: ............................................................................................... 7 1.6 Research Objectives: ................................................................................................. 8 1.7 Research Importance: ................................................................................................ 9 1.8 Previous Studies ...................................................................................................... 10 1.8.1 Local Studies .................................................................................................... 10 1.8.2 Arabic Studies .................................................................................................. 16 1.8.3 Foreign Studies ................................................................................................. 19 1.9 Commentary ............................................................................................................ 24 Chapter 2 Literature Review ................................................................................... 28 VII 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 29 2.2.2 Transactional leadership .................................................................................. 31 2.2.3 Leader-Follower Relationship ......................................................................... 32 2.2.4 Charismatic leadership .................................................................................... 34 2.2.5 Instrumental leadership ................................................................................... 35 2.2.6 Transformational leadership ............................................................................ 36 2.2.7 laissez-faire leadership .................................................................................... 38 2.3 Strategic leadership practices ................................................................................. 39 2.4 Effective leadership practices ................................................................................ 41 2.5 Kouzes and Posner's Model in Transformational Leadership ................................ 46 2.6 Organizational Citizenship Behavior ..................................................................... 53 2.6.1 Introduction: .................................................................................................... 53 2.6.2 Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Importance ........................................... 54 2.6.3 Negative Aspects of Organizational Citizenship Behavior ............................. 57 2.6.4 Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior : .................................. 59 2.6.5 Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior ..................................... 61 2.6.6 Leader-Member Exchange and Organizational Citizenship Behavior ............ 61 2.6.7Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors ......... 62 Chapter 3 Methodology .................................................................................................. 63 3.1 Introduction: ............................................................................................................ 64 3.2 Methodology of the study ....................................................................................... 64 3.2.1 Methods of data collection ............................................................................... 64 3.2.2 The study population ........................................................................................ 64 VIII 3.2.3 Sample of study: ............................................................................................... 65 3.3 Study Tools: ...........................................................................................................
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